THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

MATH2822 Mathematical Methods for Actuarial Science II

1. As the lowest point of the parabola is (0, 0), we see that the bounds
√ for y are 0 ⩽ y ⩽ 2. For
each y,√the upper bound for x is determined by 2y = x2 , i.e. x = 2y. Therefore, we have
0 ⩽ x ⩽ 2y. Thus,
√
2 2y
3 3
∬ x sin (y ) dA = ∫ ∫ x3 sin (y 3 ) dx dy
D 0 0
√
2 x= 2y
1
=∫ [ x4 sin (y 3 )] dy
0 4 x=0
2
=∫ y 2 sin (y 3 ) dy
0
y=2
1 1 − cos 8
= [− cos (y 3 )] = .
3 y=0 3

y
y=2

2y = x2

1
2. The equation of the surface can be rewritten as z = 1 − x2 − y. Therefore, the volume can be
2
1 1
regarded as the volume under the graph of f (x, y) = 1 − x2 − y over the region 1 − x2 − y = 0.
2 2
When y = 0, we get x = 1. So the bounds for x are 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1. For each x, the upper bound for
1
y is determined by 1 − x2 − y = 0, i.e. y = 2(1 − x2 ). Therefore, we have 0 ⩽ y ⩽ 2(1 − x2 ).
2

1
 So the volume is
2
1 2(1−x2 ) 1 1 1 y=2(1−x )
∫ ∫ (1 − x − y) dy dx = ∫ [(1 − x2 )y − y 2 ]
2
dx
0 0 2 0 4 y=0
1
=∫ (1 − x2 )2 dx
0
x=1
2 1 8
= [x − x3 + x5 ] = .
3 5 x=0 15

3. Due to symmetry, it suffices to find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by
r = 1 − cos θ, and multiplied the answer by 4. Let D be this region. In view of the definition
π
of the polar coordinates, the part of the cardioid that encloses D corresponds to 0 ⩽ θ ⩽ .
2
By propositions 4.5 and 4.6, the required area is
π
2 1−cos θ
4 ∬ 1 dA = 4 ∫ ∫ r dr dθ
D 0 0
1 r=1−cos θ
π
2
= 4∫ [ r2 ] dθ
0 2 r=0
π
2
= 2∫ (1 − cos θ)2 dθ
0
π
2 1 + cos 2θ
= 2∫ (1 − 2 cos θ + ) dθ
0 2
π
θ= 2
1 3π
= [3θ − 4 sin θ + sin 2θ] = − 4.
2 θ=0 2

4. We use cylindrical coordinates. Since the region lies inside r2 = x2 + y 2 = 9, the bounds for
r are 0 ⩽ r ⩽ 3. Next, there is no restriction on θ, so the bounds are 0 ⩽ θ ⩽ 2π. Lastly, in
√ 10 − x 10 − r cos θ
view of the figure, the bounds for z are x2 + y 2 ⩽ z ⩽ , i.e. r ⩽ z ⩽ . By
2 2
proposition 4.7, the required volume is
10−r cos θ
2π 3 2 2π 3 10r − r2 cos θ
∫ ∫ ∫ r dz dr dθ = ∫ ∫ ( − r2 ) dr dθ
0 0 r 0 0 2
2π r=3
5 1 1
=∫ [ r2 − r3 − r3 cos θ] dθ
0 2 3 6 r=0
2π 27 − 9 cos θ
=∫ dθ
0 2
θ=2π
27 9
= [ θ − sin θ] = 27π.
2 2 θ=0

2
5. We use spherical coordinates. The equation x2 + y 2 + z 2 = z becomes ρ2 = ρ cos φ, i.e. ρ = cos φ.
π
The equation of the hemisphere becomes ρ = 2 and 0 ⩽ φ ⩽ . Note that the sphere gives the
2
lower bound for ρ, while the hemisphere gives the upper bound. By proposition 4.8, we have
π
1 2π 2 2 1 2
∭ dV = ∫ ∫ ∫ ⋅ ρ sin φ dρ dφ dθ
D x2 + y 2 + z 2 0 0 cos φ ρ2
π
2π 2 ρ=2
=∫ ∫ [ρ sin φ] dφ dθ
0 0 ρ=cos φ
π
2π 2
=∫ ∫ (2 sin φ − sin φ cos φ) dφ dθ
0 0
π
2π 2 1
=∫ ∫ (2 sin φ − sin 2φ) dφ dθ
0 0 2
π
2π φ= 2
1
=∫ [−2 cos φ + cos 2φ] dθ
0 4 φ=0
2π 3
=∫ dθ = 3π.
0 2