Chemical Safety Thermodynamics

Nuclear
Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Chemistry For Engineers
LECTURE SERIES

Materials Chemistry of
Chemistry the
Environment
 SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
WEEK NO.
TOPICS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Orientation

Chemical Safety

Chemical Energy in Fuels

Nuclear Chemistry

Midterm Examination

Electrochemistry

Chemistry of Engineering
Materials

Chemistry of the
Environment

Final Examinations
 CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINNERS COURSE CONTENT
CHEMISTRY OF
CHEMICAL SAFETY CHEMICAL ENERGY NUCLEAR ELECTROCHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY OF THE
ENGINEERING
IN FUELS CHEMISTRY ENVIRONMENT
MATERIALS
(Thermodynamics)
(Materials Chemistry)

CONTENT CONTENT CONTENT CONTENT CONTENT CONTENT

1. Workplace hazard 1. Fuels and Energy 1. Definitions in 1. Fundamentals of 1. Molecular picture 1. Chemistry of the
classifications 2. Thermodynamic nuclear chemistry electrochemistry of materials atmosphere
2. Chemical safety concepts 2. Types of nuclear 2. Standard cell 2. Simple atomic 2. Chemistry of the
and its importance 3. Thermochemistry decay potential structures hydrosphere
3. Hazard versus risk 4. Solutions 3. Kinetics of nuclear 3. Thermodynamics 3. Typical solid sates 3. Chemistry of the
4. Chemical hazard Thermodynamics reaction in electrochemistry materials lithosphere
communications 5. Introduction to 4. The mass-energy 4. Cells and Batteries
5. Hierarchy of heat engines equivalence 5. Corrosion
hazard controls 5. Nuclear 6. Electrolysis
6. Personal Protective transmutation
Equipment for 6. Nuclear fission and
chemical safety fusion
7. Preparing for 7. Nuclear radiation
emergencies 8. Applications of
Nuclear reactions
 09
REFERENCES
08 PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES

07
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

06
HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROLS

05
CHEMICAL HAZARD COMMUNICATIONS
04
HAZARD VERSUS RISK
03
CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE

02 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS

01
LESSON OBJECTIVES

CHEMICAL SAFETY
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
01

1. Enumerate, discuss and give examples of hazard.

2. Define Chemical Safety and discuss its importance.
3. Differentiate “hazard” and “risk”.
4. Explain what does GHS stands for and its importance.
5. Enumerate and discuss the different elements that compose the GHS label template.
6. Identify the type of hazard(s) that is (are) being represented by the different GHS pictograms.
7. Interpret the NFPA Hazard Identification System.
8. Demonstrate the knowledge on the use of the Safety Data Sheet.
9. Enumerate and discuss the different hierarchy of hazard controls.
10. Demonstrate knowledge on the use of Personal Protective Equipment for Chemical Safety
11. Demonstrate knowledge on preparedness during emergencies.
 WORKPLACES HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
HAZARD
any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone.

SAFETY PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC

PSYCHOLOGICAL BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL

 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
These are working conditions that can cause injury, illness,
and death.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: www.startupguys.net
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
These are working conditions that can cause injury, illness,
and death.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: www.quora.com
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
These are working conditions that can cause injury, illness,
and death.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: sunnewsreport.com
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Factors within the environment that may cause harm on
the body even without necessarily touching it.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: medicine.uiowa.edu
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Factors within the environment that may cause harm on
the body even without necessarily touching it.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL IMAGE SOURCE: http://metroforensics.blogspot.com/

 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Factors within the environment that may cause harm on
the body even without necessarily touching it.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL

IMAGE SOURCE: www.healthyhearing.com

 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Physical factors in the environment that may cause
problems on the musculoskeletal system.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: www.napofilm.net
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Physical factors in the environment that may cause
problems on the musculoskeletal system.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: www.123rf.com
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Physical factors in the environment that may cause
problems on the musculoskeletal system.

SAFETY PHYSICAL

ERGONOMIC PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: www.verywellhealth.com
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Aspects of the working environment that may affect the
mental health of the individuals.

PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC

SAFETY PSYCHOLOGICAL

IMAGE SOURCE: www.physiotherapyalberta.ca

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Aspects of the working environment that may affect the
mental health of the individuals.

PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC

SAFETY PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL

IMAGE SOURCE: www.netdoctor.co.uk

 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Aspects of the working environment that may affect the
mental health of the individuals.

PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC

SAFETY PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL

IMAGE SOURCE: http://www.healthandlifestyle.com.ph/

 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Substances that are produced by an organism that may
threat the health of human life.

PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC

SAFETY PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: hsseworld.com
 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Substances that are produced by an organism that may
threat the health of human life.

PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC

SAFETY PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL

IMAGE SOURCE: www.bls.gov

 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Substances that are produced by an organism that may
threat the health of human life.

PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC

SAFETY PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL

IMAGE SOURCE: weeklysafety.com

 WORKPLACE HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS
02
Chemical substances that may cause harm upon
exposure to them

PHYSICAL ERGONOMIC

SAFETY PSYCHOLOGICAL

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
IMAGE SOURCE: www.bbc.com
WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS THAT WE ARE EXPOSED TO RIGHT NOW?

IMAGE SOURCE: www.freepik.com

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
OPPAU, GERMANY; September 21, 1921 TEXAS, USA; April 16, 1947

IMAGE SOURCE: www.historyandheadlines.com IMAGE SOURCE: historycollection.com

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
TEXAS, USA; March 23, 2005 JILIN CITY, CHINA; November 13, 2005

IMAGE SOURCE: www.csb.gov IMAGE SOURCE: www.csb.gov

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
BHOPAL, INDIA; DECEMBER 3, 1984 FLIXBOROUGH, UK; June 1, 1974

IMAGE SOURCE: http://newsmobile.in/ IMAGE SOURCE: www.alamy.com

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
SEVESO, ITALY; July 10, 1976 TOULOUSE, FRANCE; September 21, 2001

IMAGE SOURCE: www.chm.bris.ac.uk IMAGE SOURCE: www.reddit.com

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
SCHWEIZERHALLE, SWITZERLAND; November 1, 1986

IMAGE SOURCE: www.bafu.admin.ch

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
TEXAS, USA; FLIXBOROUGH, UK SEVESO, ITALY BHOPAL, INDIA
OPPAU, GERMANY;
April 16, 1947 June 1, 1974 July 10, 1976 December 3, 1984
September 21, 1921

SCHWEIZERHALLE, SWITZERLAND TOULOUSE, FRANCE TEXAS, USA JILIN CITY, CHINA

November 1, 1986 September 21, 2001 March 23, 2005 November 13, 2005
 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
TEXAS, USA BEIRUT, LEBANON
April 18, 2013 August 4, 2020

IMAGE SOURCE: www.bbc.com

IMAGE SOURCE: www.nbcnews.com
 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03

“Ammonium nitrate has been involved in numerous

accidents causing explosions, fires, and releasing toxic
fumes……. may place the population at high risk if
proper safety measures and procedures are not fully in
place.”
 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
CASE 01: Lessons learned

• Appropriate extinction equipment for the products stored must

be available to personnel trained in the prevention of risks, the
detection of abnormalities and in emergency response.

• The personnel of the establishment were not aware of the

risks associated with fertilizer and only had powder
extinguishers which are ill-adapted to this type of fire.

• A sound characterization of the risks involved, particularly

involving an understanding of dangerous materials implicated is
indispensable for implementing efficient fire prevention and
fire-fighting plans.
 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
CASE 02: Lessons learned

• Storage facilities should strive to eliminate the possibility that

impurities can be introduced into the ammonium nitrate.

• In storage of ammonium nitrate compounds, exposure to water

should be avoided in order to prevent caking which can
accelerate oxidization.

• Facilities should be appropriately constructed and maintained to

avoid leaks, flooding, or formation of pockets of moisture in
areas where the ammonium nitrate is located.

• Employees should be regularly trained and tested on critical

safety procedures and periodic monitoring should take place to
ensure that procedures have been followed.
 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
CASE 03: Lessons learned

• Hazard identification should have drawn attention to the

elevated risk associated with the presence of ammonium nitrate
• Safety procedures and controls for process equipment are
usually designed to manage risks when the process is running
and cannot be automatically assumed to be capable of also
controlling substances safely in abnormal situations.
• The installation of appropriate instrumented safety functions is
a typical control measure that could assist the operator in
limiting consequences from unexpected ammonium nitrate
reactions under a wide range of conditions.
• The company did not have an adequate system for prioritizing
alarms to ensure an appropriate and timely response to
emergencies.
• Employee training should also instill a heightened awareness in
operations staff to nonconformities, negative indicators, and
pre-emergency alerts during shutdown periods.
 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
SUMMARY: Lessons learned

• The lessons derived from these events could contribute to

improvements in handling ammonium nitrate fertilizers.
• The unique safety challenges associated with ammonium nitrate
coupled with poor safety management culture could largely be
considered as the most important contributing factors across
the accidents studied. Insufficient fire prevention, protection
and control systems were also common in these accidents.
• One of the biggest problems in these cases was the lack of
knowledge of the inherent hazards associated with the
handling and storage of ammonium nitrate fertilizers.
• Also, the lack of knowledge on the possible decomposition of
fertilizers led to major accidents.
• A key lesson from the case studies is the importance of
establishing adequate safety procedures in particular relating to
training and awareness of hazards.
 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03

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2!( $(*) → 2!((*) + $((*)

2!"# !$% & → 2!( * + $((*) + 4"( $(*)

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 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03

!"#$%('() + 2,$%('() → !"$%(.) + ,/ #(0) + $%/(1)

IMAGE SOURCE: www.tandfonline.com

IMAGE SOURCE: cen.acs.org

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
CHEMICAL INCIDENT is an event that may threaten to expose or do expose members of the public and the
environment to a chemical hazard.

An explosion at a place that stores or utilizes chemicals Oil spill

IMAGE SOURCE: www.moroccoworldnews.com IMAGE SOURCE: news.abs-cbn.com

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
CHEMICAL INCIDENT is an unintentional event that may threaten to expose or do expose members of the
public and the environment to a chemical hazard.

Chemical leak from a storage unit during transport Deliberate release of chemicals in conflict

IMAGE SOURCE: www.philstar.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.businessinsider.com

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03
CHEMICAL INCIDENT is an unintentional event that may threaten to expose or do expose members of the
public and the environment to a chemical hazard.

Disease outbreak associated with a chemical exposure Food and water supply chemical contamination

IMAGE SOURCE: saynotomercury.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.bhopal.net

 CHEMICAL SAFETY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
03

Everyone needs to be safe from any chemical incident.

Chemical Safety
refers to the condition of being safe from undergoing hurt or harm during an occurrence of chemical incident.

Better working Reduces the loss Reduces the loss Compliance with
environment of trained staff of materials the law
and equipment
 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

Thing Material Substance Source of energy

Condition Process Practice Behavior

 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

IMAGE SOURCE: driversed.com

IMAGE SOURCE: www.shutterstock.com
 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

IMAGE SOURCE: www.graphic.com.gh IMAGE SOURCE: www.atsdr.cdc.gov

 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

IMAGE SOURCE: www.foodprocessing.com.au IMAGE SOURCE: people.uwec.edu

 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

IMAGE SOURCE: http://www.operationjimmy.uk/ IMAGE SOURCE: www.levininjuryfirm.com

 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

IMAGE SOURCE: lawpllc.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.lawyertime.com

 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

IMAGE SOURCE: http://northern-weldarc.com/

IMAGE SOURCE: www.dialogasia.com
 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

IMAGE SOURCE: ramjacktech.com

IMAGE SOURCE: iqpowertools.com
 HAZARD AND RISK
04
A hazard is any source of potential damage, Risk is the chance or probability that a
harm or adverse health effects on something person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
or someone. hazard.

IMAGE SOURCE: trcstaffing.com

IMAGE SOURCE: food.ndtv.com
 HAZARD AND RISK
04
HAZARD RISKS HIGH RISK LOW RISK
Cars on the road Getting hit by the car When crossing the road on a high way When crossing the road on a high way
without a traffic light with a traffic light
Lead in paints Brain damage When exposure to lead is prolonged When exposure to lead is minimal
Salmonella in egg Food poisoning When eaten raw When cooked well before eaten
Electricity Electrocution Using of inappropriate personal protective Using of appropriate personal
equipment protective equipment
Wet floor Slipping or falling When there are no warning signs available When warning signs are visible
Welding process Metal Fume Fever The concentration of zinc oxide fume is not Setting a maximum limit of zinc oxide
controlled; the level of exposure to the fume in the air (5mg/m3 air) of not longer
has no limit. than 10 hours of exposure per day
Rock mining Silicosis Uncontrolled level of exposure; using of Controlled level of exposure; using of
inappropriate personal protective equipment appropriate personal protective
equipment
Bullying Anxiety, depression Absence of anti-bullying program Presence of an anti-bullying program

We can minimize the risk caused by the hazard by the application of proper
safety practices.
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05

IMAGE SOURCE: www.cdc.gov

 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05
HAZARD CONTROL SILICOSIS
HEIRARCHY (Center for Disease and Control Prevention)

Elimination Eliminate job tasks with risk of exposure

Substitution Substitute non-crystalline-silica materials for

crystalline silica materials

Engineering Controls Use a control such as local exhaust ventilation

or water spray to reduce concentrations of
Respirable Crystalline Silica(RCS) in the air

Administrative Limit time spent working with RCS, and/or IMAGE SOURCE: www.cdc.gov
Controls limit worker access to areas of high RCS
concentration
Personal Protective Wear respirators when working with RCS
Equipment
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05
HAZARD CONTROL COVID-19
HEIRARCHY (American Society of Safety Professionals)
Elimination Eradicate viruses by denying access to host cells so the
virus is unable to replicate by effective vaccinations and
transmission prevention
Substitution Administering a drug that interferes with the viruses’
ability to replicate once a person is infected is to make a
more lethal virus into a less lethal one
Engineering Controls A physical barrier, such as the glass transaction window IMAGE SOURCE: www.aarp.org
that you might see at the bank, provides protection from
viral exposure.
Administrative Controls Include changes in policy or procedures to reduce or
minimize hazard exposure. Personal hygiene, isolation of
people, limiting the size of gatherings and keeping a 6-foot
separation between people.
Personal Protective Use of PPE — such gloves, masks and protective clothing
Equipment that put a barrier between the worker and the hazard.
Include training on the proper use and limitations of the
PPE is needed IMAGE SOURCE: news.cgtn.com
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05
HAZARD CONTROL COVID-19
HEIRARCHY (American Society of Safety Professionals)
Elimination Eradicate viruses by denying access to host cells so the
virus is unable to replicate by effective vaccinations and
transmission prevention
Substitution Administering a drug that interferes with the viruses’
ability to replicate once a person is infected is to make a
more lethal virus into a less lethal one
Engineering Controls A physical barrier, such as the glass transaction window
that you might see at the bank, provides protection from
viral exposure.
Administrative Controls Include changes in policy or procedures to reduce or
minimize hazard exposure. Personal hygiene, isolation of
people, limiting the size of gatherings and keeping a 6-foot
separation between people.
IMAGE SOURCE: rappler.com
Personal Protective Use of PPE — such gloves, masks and protective clothing
Equipment that put a barrier between the worker and the hazard.
Include training on the proper use and limitations of the
PPE is needed
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05
HAZARD CONTROL COVID-19
HEIRARCHY (American Society of Safety Professionals)
Elimination Eradicate viruses by denying access to host cells so the
virus is unable to replicate by effective vaccinations and
transmission prevention
Substitution Administering a drug that interferes with the viruses’
ability to replicate once a person is infected is to make a
more lethal virus into a less lethal one
Engineering Controls A physical barrier, such as the glass transaction window
that you might see at the bank, provides protection from
viral exposure.
Administrative Controls Include changes in policy or procedures to reduce or
minimize hazard exposure. Personal hygiene, isolation of
people, limiting the size of gatherings and keeping a 6-
foot separation between people.
Personal Protective Use of PPE — such gloves, masks and protective clothing
Equipment that put a barrier between the worker and the hazard.
Include training on the proper use and limitations of the IMAGE SOURCE: www.postermywall.com
PPE is needed
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05
HAZARD CONTROL COVID-19
HEIRARCHY (American Society of Safety Professionals)
Elimination Eradicate viruses by denying access to host cells so the
virus is unable to replicate by effective vaccinations and
transmission prevention
Substitution Administering a drug that interferes with the viruses’
ability to replicate once a person is infected is to make a
more lethal virus into a less lethal one
Engineering Controls A physical barrier, such as the glass transaction window
that you might see at the bank, provides protection from
viral exposure.
Administrative Controls Include changes in policy or procedures to reduce or
minimize hazard exposure. Personal hygiene, isolation of
people, limiting the size of gatherings and keeping a 6-foot IMAGE SOURCE: www.freepik.com
separation between people.
Personal Protective Use of PPE — such gloves, masks and protective clothing
Equipment that put a barrier between the worker and the hazard.
Include training on the proper use and limitations of the
PPE is needed
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05
HAZARD CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
CONTROL
HEIRARCHY
Elimination Elimination of hazardous chemicals
in use
Substitution Chemical substitution where
feasible; that is, replacing the
chemical into a less hazardous one
Engineering Use of Chemical Fume Hoods and
Controls Biological Safety Cabinets
Administrative Development of Safety Operating
Controls Procedures for laboratory practices IMAGE SOURCE: scienceequip.com.au
and chemical handling
Personal Proper use of appropriate personal
Protective protective equipment
Equipment
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05
HAZARD CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
CONTROL
HEIRARCHY
IMAGE SOURCE:
Elimination Elimination of hazardous chemicals www.geneseo.edu
in use
Substitution Chemical substitution where
feasible; that is, replacing the
chemical into a less hazardous one
Engineering Use of Chemical Fume Hoods and
Controls Biological Safety Cabinets
Administrative Development of Safety Operating IMAGE SOURCE:
http://sco-tech.com
Controls Procedures for laboratory practices
and chemical handling
Personal Proper use of appropriate personal
Protective protective equipment
Equipment
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05
HAZARD CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
CHEMICAL SAFETY
CONTROL
HEIRARCHY AWARENESS
Elimination Elimination of hazardous chemicals TRAINING
in use
Substitution Chemical substitution where Standard Operating
feasible; that is, replacing the Procedures in the Laboratory
chemical into a less hazardous one
Engineering Use of Chemical Fume Hoods and Chemical Handling
Controls Biological Safety Cabinets
Administrative Development of Safety Operating
Preparing for
Controls Procedures for laboratory practices Emergencies
and chemical handling
Personal Proper use of appropriate personal Personal Protective
Protective protective equipment Equipment
Equipment
 HEIRARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL
05

HAZARD
CONTROL
ways of eliminating or
minimizing the risk
brought by a hazard
Standard Operating Procedures in
the Laboratory CHEMICAL INCIDENT
CHEMICAL an accidental event that
substance that when used Chemical Hazard
Communication
threatens to expose or do
involves changes to atoms expose responders and/or
and molecules Personal Protective members of the public to a
Equipment chemical hazard
Preparing for Emergencies

IMAGE SOURCE: www.chem-map.com x IMAGE SOURCE: www.bbc.com

 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
GHS Classification and Chemical Labelling
1 Safety Data Sheet
3

NFPA Hazard Identification System

2
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
GHS: 1 Product identifier
Globally Harmonized System
of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals 2 Signal word

3 GHS pictograms

4 Hazard statements

5 Precautionary statements

6 Supplier information

7 Supplemental information
Image Source: www.nicelabel.com
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06

Image Source: Proofhatblog.com; www.creativesafetysupply.com; www.4dhumanbeing.com; www.nicelabel.com

 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06

Image Source: www.nicelabel.com

Image Source:
Proofhatblog.com
Image Source:
OSHA.gov
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by
United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATION
06
Any substance that
present either an Any chemical that
acute hazard or presents physical or
chronic toxicity health hazard
(RA 6969) (OSHA)
(RA 6969)
What is a Acute hazards: Physical hazard:
HAZARDOUS with obvious and fire, reactive and
immediate impact explosion hazard
SUBSTANCE?
Chronic Hazards: Health hazard:
with hidden, causes acute or
cumulative and chronic health
long-term impact effects

Environmental
hazard:
Causes harm to
the environment
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
OXIDIZING LIQUID / SOLID
Liquid or solid which, while in itself not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding
oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material.

Image Source: aquaticpros.com; all.biz

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
Solids that are readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.
Readily combustible solids are powdered, granular, or pasty substances which are
dangerous if they can be easily ignited by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a
burning match, and if the flame spreads rapidly.

Image Source: www.emergencykits.com; abstract.desktopnexus.com

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
A liquid having a flash point of not more than 93°C.

Image Source: shopee.ph; theprovidentprepper.org

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
FLAMMABLE GASES
Flammable gas means a gas having a flammable range in air at 20°C and a standard
pressure of 101.3 kPa.

Image Source: in2fire.com.au

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS
Aerosols are any gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure within a non-
refillable container made of metal, glass or plastic, with or without a liquid, paste or
powder.

Image Source: www.montana-cans.com; motionarray.com

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
EMITS FLAMMABLE GAS
Substances that, in contact with water, emit flammable gases are solids or liquids which, by
interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off
flammable gases in dangerous quantities.

Image Source: www.amazon.in; CHARLES D. WINTERS / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
PYROPHORIC LIQUIDS
Liquids which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming
into contact with air.

Image Source: wechem.en.made-in-china.com; www.asu.edu

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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PYROPHORIC SOLID
A solid which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming
into contact with air.

Image Source: ehs.stanford.edu

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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SELF-HEATING
A solid or liquid, other than a pyrophoric substance, which, by reaction with air and without
energy supply, is liable to self-heat. This chemical differs from a pyrophoric liquid or solid in
that it will ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after long periods of time
(hours or days).

Image Source: www.gopani.com; tookool.shop

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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SELF-REACTIVES
Self-reactives are thermally unstable liquids or solids liable to undergo a strongly
exothermic thermal decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air). This
definition excludes materials classified under the GHS as explosive, organic peroxides or as
oxidizing.

Image Source: hkelite.en.made-in-china.com; Whitemore, et al

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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ORGANIC PEROXIDES
An organic liquid or solid which contains the bivalent -0-0- structure and may be considered
a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been
replaced by organic radicals.

Image Source: www.indiamart.com; www.tradeindia.com

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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EXPLOSIVES
An explosive substance (or mixture) is a solid or liquid which is in itself capable by chemical
reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to
cause damage to the surroundings.

Image Source: saudi-arabia.exportersindia.com; theplaidzebra.com

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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GASES UNDER PRESSSURE
Gases under pressure are gases that are contained in a receptacle at a pressure not less
than 280 Pa at 20°C or as a refrigerated liquid.

Image Source: advancedct.com

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06

CORROSIVE TO METAL
A substance or a mixture that by
chemical action will materially
damage, or even destroy, metals is
termed ‘corrosive to metal’.

SKIN CORROSION
Skin corrosion means the production
of irreversible damage to the skin
following the application of a test
substance for up to 4 hours.

Image Source: www.chemicals.ie

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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SKIN IRRITATION is the label being considered when the
substance causes a reversible damage to the skin following
an application of a test substance for four (4) hours.

A substance causes EYE IRRITATION if it causes changes in

the eye after an application of a test substance to the front
surface of the eye, but are fully reversible twenty-one (21)
days after the application.

SERIOUS EYE DAMAGE pertains to the production of eye

tissue damage or serious physical decay of vision that is not
reversible twenty-one (21) days following the application of
the substance.
Image Source:www.ecochem.co.nz
DERMAL SENSITAZION is caused by substances that induce
allergic reaction following contact to the skin.
Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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ACUTE TOXICITY

Substances are assigned to

one of the five toxicity
categories on the basis of
LD50 (oral, dermal) or
LC50 (inhalation). The
LC50 values are based on
4-hour tests in animals.
The GHS provides
guidance on
converting 1-hour
inhalation test results to a
4- hour equivalent.

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
CARCINOGEN
Carcinogen means a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances which induce
cancer or increase its incidence.

RESPIRATORY SENSITIZER
Respiratory sensitizer means a substance that induces hypersensitivity of the airways
following inhalation of the substance.

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males
and females, as well as developmental toxicity in offspring.

TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY

All significant health effects, not otherwise specifically included in the GHS, that can impair
function, both reversible and irreversible, immediate and/or delayed are included in the
non- lethal target organ/systemic toxicity class.
Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
GERM CELL MUTAGENICITY
Mutagen means an agent giving rise
to an increased occurrence of
mutations in populations of cells
and/or organisms.

ASPIRATION TOXICITY
Aspiration toxicity includes severe
acute effects such as chemical
pneumonia, varying degrees of
pulmonary injury or death following
aspiration. Aspiration is the entry of
a liquid or solid directly through the Image Source: www.shutterstock.com
oral or nasal cavity, or indirectly
from vomiting, into the trachea and
lower respiratory system.
Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
ACUTE AQUATIC TOXICITY
Acute aquatic toxicity means the
intrinsic property of a material to
cause injury to an aquatic organism
in a short-term exposure.

CHRONIC AQUATIC TOXICITY

Chronic aquatic toxicity means the
potential or actual properties of a
material to cause adverse effects to
aquatic organisms during exposures
that are determined in relation to
the lifecycle of the organism. Image Source: www.chemistryworld.com

Source: “A Guide to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals”, by United Nations
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
06
NFPA Hazard Identification System
 CHEMICAL HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONS
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Hazardous Material Identification System

Image Source: www.chemsafetypro.com

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 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07

Respiratory
Protection

Head, eye Hand and

and face arm
protection protection
PPE
Classification

Foot and
Torso
leg
protection
protection

Retrieved https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/personal-protective-equipment-and-
safety-icons-gm1005906452-271530721
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07

Safety glasses are used Splash goggles are used Face shield with splash
whenever there is a when working with goggles when the splash
chance of objects striking liquids. hazard is high, or the
the eye. They are not chemicals are
appropriate protection particularly dangerous.
from a chemical splash.
IMAGE SOURCE: www.sentrysafetysupply.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.ebay.com IMAGE SOURCE www.rockler.com
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07

Filtration respirators Chemical cartridge Air-supplying equipment

devices
Use to filter our airborne Self-contained breathing
particles Use to filter out apparatus that includes
chemicals and gases their own air supply
IMAGE SOURCE: www.indiamart.com
IMAGE SOURCE www.rockler.com
IMAGE SOURCE: www. zephyrsmarket.com
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07

Disposable latex, nitril, Neoprene gloves Nitrile gloves

vinyl gloves
Use with corrosives, Use with non-
Use with dry powders solvents, alcohols; resists halogenated organic
and aqueous solutions oils; resuable solvents; puncture and
IMAGE SOURCE: shopee.com.my
abrasion resistant
IMAGE SOURCE: www.homedepot.com
IMAGE SOURCE: www.homedepot.com
Source: Chemical Safety Guide: A Companion to the NIH Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazard Communication Program, by National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07

Reusable Nomex® or Butyl rubbers Viton® gloves

Zetex®
Use with aldehydes, Use with chlorinated and
Use with extreme ketones and esters aromatic solvents
temperatures
IMAGE SOURCE: safetyware.com
IMAGE SOURCE: www.directindustry.com
IMAGE SOURCE: www.homedepot.com
Source: Chemical Safety Guide: A Companion to the NIH Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazard Communication Program, by National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07
All purpose / general benchwork laboratory gowns

cotton polypropylene cotton-poly brend

IMAGE SOURCE: www.indiamart.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.grainger.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.sanmar.com

Source: Chemical Safety Guide: A Companion to the NIH Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazard Communication Program, by National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07
Disposable Polyethylene

Liquid resistant for high

hazard biological
materials
IMAGE SOURCE: www.helapet.co.uk

Spunbonded olefin

Used in clean rooms;

when working with
particulates and
biological samples
IMAGE SOURCE: http://www.safetyemporium.com/

Source: Chemical Safety Guide: A Companion to the NIH Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazard Communication Program, by National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07
Fire-retardant

Used when working with

pyrophoric and
flammables
IMAGE SOURCE: www.wkep.com

Chemically resistant
apron

Used based on
anticipated chemical
exposure
IMAGE SOURCE: www.fishersci.ca

Source: Chemical Safety Guide: A Companion to the NIH Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazard Communication Program, by National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07
All purpose / general benchwork laboratory gowns

cotton polypropylene cotton-poly blend

IMAGE SOURCE: www.indiamart.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.grainger.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.sanmar.com

Source: Chemical Safety Guide: A Companion to the NIH Chemical Hygiene Plan and Hazard Communication Program, by National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07

IMAGE SOURCE: www.lazada.com.ph

 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
07
LIMITATIONS OF USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

The use of PPE does

Wearing a defective Improper wearing of The PPE may be a
not change the fact
PPE offers no PPE may not give cause of additional
that the hazard still
protection. maximum protection. hazard.
exists.

IMAGE SOURCE: MAGE SOURCE: MAGE SOURCE:

swensonshelleyaz.com MAGE SOURCE: http://www.ipr.res.in/
http://www.deltaconstcorp.com/
www.mymcmedia.org:
 PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES
08
In case of chemical splashes, head to the nearest eye wash or eye shower and follow proper procedures as indicated on the
product’s SDS.

IMAGE SOURCE: www.texasgateway.org

IMAGE SOURCE: www.zoro.com;
 PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES
08
In case of burns and small cuts, look for a laboratory first aid kit and treat self accordingly. Go to the nearest
clinic or hospital, as the need arises.

IMAGE SOURCE: www.thomassci.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.pngitem.com

 PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES
08
In case of laboratory spillage, know the property of the substance that you are to deal with. Make sure to use the
appropriate spill kit available. Protect yourself with appropriate personal protective equipment. Confine the spill clean it up
and properly dispose.

IMAGE SOURCE: www.newpig.com IMAGE SOURCE: www.serpro.co.uk

 PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES
08
Check on the labels of the available fire extinguishers near the workplace. In case of fire, make sure that you are using the
appropriate type.

IMAGE SOURCE: www.medisave.co.uk; safetysuppliescanada.com; www.texasgateway.org

 LESSON 07
08 PREPARING FOR EMERGENCIES

www.safetysign.com
 REFERENCES
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THANK YOU! STAY SAFE!