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Digital Image Processing: Dr. Marwa Mamdouh

Digital image processing focuses on improving pictorial information for human interpretation and processing image data for storage, transmission, and machine perception. It involves operations like image enhancement, restoration, compression, and recognition. Image enhancement aims to improve visual quality by adjusting brightness, contrast, or applying other transformations. It can operate in the spatial or transform domains.

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Mazen Atallah
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40 views78 pages

Digital Image Processing: Dr. Marwa Mamdouh

Digital image processing focuses on improving pictorial information for human interpretation and processing image data for storage, transmission, and machine perception. It involves operations like image enhancement, restoration, compression, and recognition. Image enhancement aims to improve visual quality by adjusting brightness, contrast, or applying other transformations. It can operate in the spatial or transform domains.

Uploaded by

Mazen Atallah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Processing

Prepared By:

Dr. Marwa Mamdouh


Digital Image Processing

• Image Processing
• image in → image out

• Image Analysis
• image in → measurements out

• Image Understanding
• image in → high-level description out
What is Digital Image?

• An image may be defined as a two-dimensional function, f(x, y),


where x and y are spatial (plane) coordinates, and the amplitude of f
at any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity
or gray level of the image at that point.
• Digital image is composed of a finite number of elements, each of
which has a particular location and value. These elements are
referred to as picture elements, image elements, pels, and pixels.
• Pixel is the term most widely used to denote the elements of a digital
image
What is Digital Image Processing?

• Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks:


• Improvement of pictorial information for human
interpretation.

• Processing of image data for storage, transmission and


representation for autonomous machine perception.
What is Digital Image Processing?
What is Digital Image Processing?

• The continuum from image processing to computer vision can be


broken up into low-level, mid-level and high-level processes.
• low-level: inputs and outputs are images
• mid-level: outputs are attributes extracted from input images
• high-level: an ensemble of recognition of individual objects
State of the art examples of using Image
Processing

• Medical.
• Face detection.
• Handwriting recognition.
• Artistic effects.
• Security: Steganography.
• GIS
• Industry.
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing
Image Definition
Bit Depth
Popular Image File Formats
Some Basic Operations: Using Matlab
Some Basic Operations: Using Matlab
Some Basic Operations: Using Matlab
Write the following using the matlab

• Read a color image and then add 100 to each pixel in each layer
(channel) and show the two images.
• Also, Subtract 100 from each pixel in each layer and show the two
images.
Convert from RGB to Grayscale images

• There are 3 algorithm to convert from RGB to grayscale:


Convert from RGB to Grayscale images
Convert from RGB to Grayscale images
Convert from RGB to Grayscale images
Convert from RGB to Grayscale images

• The Second method:


Convert from RGB to Grayscale images
Convert from RGB to Grayscale images

• The Third method:


Convert from RGB to Grayscale images
Convert Grayscale images to Black and White
images (Thresholding)
Convert Grayscale images to Black and White
images (Thresholding)
Lab Assignment:

• Write a matlab function that Transpose images.

• Write a matlab function that Flips image Vertically.

• Write a matlab function that obtain negative version of the image.


Image Zooming
Image Zooming
Image Zooming
Image Zooming
Image Zooming
Fundamental Steps of DIP
69
Wavelet and
Multi- Compression
resolution
Color Image Morphologica
Output is generally

Processing l Processing

attributes
Output is generally
Knowledge base
Restoration Segmentation
images

Representati
Enhanceme on and
nt Description

Object
Acquisition Recognition 2/28/2023

Problem Domain
Image Enhancement

1. What is Image Enhancement?


2. Domains of Image Enhancement
3. Point Processing
What is Image Enhancement?
• Image enhancement is the process of 71
making images more useful visually.

• Reasons for doing this include:


– Highlighting interesting detail in
images.
– Making images more visually
appealing. Removing noise from
images.
Examples
72
Image Enhancement Measures
73
• Enhancement “parameters”:
1. Brightness
2. Contrast.
3. Histogram
Image Enhancement Measures – (cont.)

Example: Brightness/contrast change?


Image Enhancement Measures – (cont.)

Example: Brightness/contrast change?


Image Enhancement Measures – (cont.)
• Histogram: A way of viewing the 76
distribution of color/intensities in an
image.
h(x) = the number of pixels in I with intensity value x
• A plot of pixels values against pixel
counts.
Frequencies

2/28/2023

Grey Levels
Image Enhancement Measures – (cont.)
Gray Scale Image has one histogram while 77
color images has three; one for each
band (channel).

Luminosity

2/28/2023
Domains of Image Enhancement
Output 78
Input Image Enhancemen (Better)
f (x, y) t Image
g (x, y)

Spatial Transform
Domain Domain

T[f (x, y)]


Operation T
Spatial Spatial
f (x, y) g (x, y)

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