IMPACT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM BETWEEN PNP AND DSWD AND THE PROBLEMS

ENCOUNTERED IN HANDLING CICL IN CALAPAN CITY 2021

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of Criminology Department
PINAMALAYAN MARITIME FOUNDATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE INC.
Tri-Star Building, Mabini St., Marfrancisco Pinamalayan Oriental Mindoro

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the subject
CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2 (THESIS WRITING AMND PRESENTATION)

By:
Castillo, Keilah Kate
Javier, Lieron Kier
Rodriguez, Angela
Palermo Edmarie Joy
Nuestro, Mark

February 2022
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

As the national government agency mandated to serve, protect and empower vulnerable

sectors of society, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) continues to forge

strong partnerships with partners, stakeholders, and intermediaries.

As part of its current thrusts and priorities to strengthen its steerer or enabler role, the

DSWD exerts efforts to develop model social protection programs, provide adequate technical

assistance and resource augmentation particularly to local social welfare development offices

(LSWDOs) to strengthen their capacities to deliver coordinated social protection and social welfare

service at their respective localities especially in children in conflict with the law (CICL)

Police departments and social workers have traditionally worked together to deal with the

Child in conflict with the law. The law enforcement is the first responder to save and apprehend the

child who committed a crime. Crime prevention includes the elimination of the desire and

opportunity to commit a crime. Rehabilitation efforts are an attempt, through treatment or

programming to stop offenders from continuing to offend. It is a crime prevention strategy rooted in

the notion that offenders can change and lead crime-free lives in the community” (Thomas ,2016).

There are preventative programs attempt to sway youth away from getting involved in

violence and delinquency before they have done so, rehabilitation programs target youth who have

already engaged in delinquent or violent behavior (Farrington and Welsh, 2017).

 Most children in conflict with the law have committed petty crimes or such as minor

offense. Regarding to this the government created agencies who handle the situation wherein

children are involved.

Law enforcement and social services share the most difficult portion of the other’s client

caseloads but there is little interagency communication or cooperation. Caseloads are expanding,

resources are decreasing and the few scattered interagency programs that have been developed

fail to track performance and results. Some of the severe problem cases that call for interagency

intervention are real threats to public safety (Diaz,2017).

Historically, these professions have been near adversaries. “Social worker” is considered a

pejorative term among police and “cop” is considered a pejorative term among social workers. The

advent of community policing with its emphasis on problem solving, partnerships, prevention and

organizational change has provided a potential bridge between the two. While the bridge has not

been heavily travelled, it is absolutely necessary to effective public social service delivery

(Lahum,2016).

As history show, the Philippines have its own unique way of community policing while its

adopted various communities policing system in the past such as” koban” of Japan and Singapore

Police force, nevertheless, it has to resort to its home grown policing Traditionally system anchor

on community Partnership called Bayanihan. Bayanihan answer the need for the whole

neighborhood to get involved in policing in law enforcement (Tan ,2016).

Recent development indicates a growing number of children directly involve in violating the

law. This phenomenon stirred strong reaction from the public and child rights advocates especially

on the manner they are handled when rescue or surrendered.

The Problem and its Background

Children, consisting of 39% of the overall population of the Philippines can play a

significant role as agents of transformation. However, these children often live in remote areas with

limited infrastructures and access to basic services. In a typical Filipino community where poverty

is a very common complication growing rapidly in an urban setting, for example in Metro Manila

where 20% resides in informal housings or slum areas1.Children from impoverished households

are often victims of extreme forms of child labor such as prostitution or recruitment into armed

forces. The effects of poverty are also visible through that large amount of children living and

working in the streets in the Philippines, even though not very visible, there are an estimated

246,111 children living and working in the streets, between the ages of 0-17 years old2.

With the current environment in the Philippines, children are not exempt from the

extreme expression of violence where arbitrary extrajudicial killings are very common, street

children are common victims of summary executions, violence, trafficking and exploitation.

Last 2014, there are 14,993 cases of Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) in the

Philippines. That is more than one child per hour being accused or adjudged of committing an

offense under Philippine laws and they are susceptible to abuse during arrest and detention.

The Philippines is home to over 15,000 Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) as of 2014

data from the Philippine National Police (PNP). Majority of them were property-related crimes

wherein theft was considered the highest with the outstanding number of 5886 cases per year
 In Calapan City , Oriental Mindoro, an estimated ten (10) youth offenders are recorded

every month and the DSWD are along with PNP to take over and help the youth offenders, making

sure that they are not put in jail and implement programs for their corrective rehabilitations

One of the researchers, who happens to have a youth relative who committed crime in

their localities and now a law-abiding citizen through the help of DSWD is wondering why and how

he was being corrective and a law-abiding citizen. The respondents want to know the practices of

PNP and DSWD to make sure that these youth offenders are in correct path of the society?

This encourages the researchers to conduct the study to fully determine the impact

partnership program between PNP and DSWD and the problems encountered in handling CICL in

Calapan City.

Objective Statement

The aim of this study is to determine the impact partnership program between PNP and

DSWD and the problems encountered in handling CICL in Calapan City

Specifically, it aimed to achieve the following:

1. To determine the impact partnership program between PNP and DSWD and the problems

encountered in handling CICL in Calapan City

2. To know the problems encountered by the Philippine National Police (PNP)and the Department of

Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) in dealing with children in conflict with the law.

Statement of the Problem

 This study aimed to determine the impact partnership program between PNP and DSWD and

the problems encountered in handling CICL in Calapan City

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Educational Attainment;

2. What are the impact partnership program between PNP and DSWD and the problems

encountered in handling CICL in terms of:

2.1 Psycho-social interventions program

2.2 Community Based Diversion and Prevention Program

3. What are the problems encountered by the Philippine National Police (PNP)and the Department of

Social Welfare and Development in dealing with children in conflict with the law in terms of:

3.1 Psycho-social interventions program

3.2 Community Based Diversion and Prevention Program

4. Is there a significant relationship between the impact partnership program between PNP and

DSWD and the problems encountered in handling CICL in Calapan City and the problems

encountered?

Statement of Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the impact partnership program between PNP

and DSWD and the problems encountered in handling CICL in Calapan City and the problems

encountered .
Significance of the study

The findings of the study maybe source of valuable information to the following group of

persons:

Community. They will able to create awareness regarding the partnership of DSWD and PNP

working together in order to safeguard lives and rehabilitate the children in conflict with the law.

Government. The result of the study will be able to the government to create more different

upgraded programs intended for the partnership of Philippine National Police and Department of

Social Welfare and development in order to prevent and rehabilitate the children in conflict with the

law.

To Department of social welfare and development (DSWD). The study will enable them to improve

more their partnership with PNP so that the CICL will be most benefited in their corrective behavior.

Law Enforcers. The study will strengthen the partnership between the DSWD and PNP in order to

perform their work more effectively to completely win the cooperation of the community.

Criminology Students. The result of the study may also serve as an important trading material to

criminology students regarding the importance of good working relationship and coordination in

other law enforcement bodies department of social welfare and development for rehabilitation and

reintegration of children in conflict with the law as their primary duty in their chosen career in the

near future.

Other researcher. This study may serve as a basis to other students who will be going to conduct

the same research or design in the future.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

 This study focused mainly on the impact partnership program between PNP and DSWD

and the problems encountered in handling CICL in Calapan City.

The respondents will include the twenty-five (25) DSWD officials and twenty-five (25)

Police Personnel and fifty (50) CICL in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro, who are chosen using

total sampling

Definition of terms

For the purpose of clarification terms used , the following terms are operationally defined.

Child at risk. It refers to a child who is vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offenses

because of personal family and social circumstances.

Child in Conflict with the Law (CICL). It refers to a child who alleged as accuses of, or adjudged as,

having committed an offense under Philippine laws.

Department of social welfare and development (DSWD). It refers to the government agency who is

usually in charge for the case management and rehabilitation of child in conflict with the law or

youth offender.

Effectiveness. It refers to the capacity of producing a desired result. When something is deemed

effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome or produces a deep vivid, impression.

Handling of Child in Conflict with the Law. It refers to the process of ensuring an effective

management of children involved in criminal offenses, misdemeanor, delinquencies, and other

truancies may possibly lead to their criminal careers.

Law enforcer. It refers to the first responder to save and apprehend the child who committed a

crime.
Partnership. It refers to the relationship resembling a legal partnership and usually involving close

Cooperation between parties having specified and joint rights and responsibilities.

Programs. It refers to the different way of the DSWD in assisting the child in conflict with the law

(CICL).

Rehabilitation. It refers to the dynamic process, including, after care and follow up treatment,

directed towards the physical, emotional/psychological, vocational, social and spiritual

changes/enhancement of child in conflict with the law (CICL) to enable him/her to live without

dangerous environment, enjoy the fullest life compatible with him/her capabilities and potentials

and render him/her able to become a law abiding and productive member of community.

Theoretical framework

This study is guided by three (3) theories that researchers believe gears towards the

corrective functions of the PNP and DSWD in the children in conflict with the law.

Zone In difference Theory

The study is anchored on the Barnard Acceptance Theory or Zone In difference Theory as

mentioned in the book of Manwong and San Diego 2010 viewed that the organization as

cooperative system of individuals embodying three essential elements Establishing and

maintaining a system of communication,  Securing essentialser4ices from other members and

formulating organizational purposes and objectives The distribution of authority is an important

process within the organization However, the source of the authority did not reside in the person

who gave the orders, rather, authority resided in the subordinates who could choose to either
 accept or redirect from superiors. This theory is used in this study since it looked into the

effecti4eness of an organization. Police is an organization composed of trained men in uniform to

protect and serve the community against lawless elements and this theory manifest that as an

organization it should be cooperati4v in establishing and maintaining good communication for its

effectiveness

Restorative Justice Theory

Unlike classical criminal justice theories that focus primarily on punishment as a deterrent to crime, the

restorative justice perspective seeks to repair the harm caused by crime. Restorative justice offers an

approach that centers on community-based responses to crime by providing opportunities for redemption

for offenders and encouraging reconciliation with victims. The theory encompasses both individual and

social approaches, placing victims at the center of crime control and positioning community members as

facilitators in this process.

Restorative justice theory rests on the fundamental principle that the people most directly harmed by crime

should be the ones to participate in its resolution. Offenders must take responsibility for their criminal

activity and the harm it has inflicted. Accountable to both the victims and the community, offenders must

engage in a process with victims to determine how to make amends and provide restitution to the victims

with the goal of reintegration of both offenders and victims within the community.

Behavioral Child Development Theory

During the first half of the twentieth century, a new school of thought known as

behaviorism rose to become a dominant force within psychology. Behaviorists believed that
psychology needed to focus only on observable and quantifiable behaviors in order to become a

more scientific discipline.

According to the behavioral perspective, all human behavior can be described in terms of

environmental influences. Some behaviorists, such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, insisted

that learning occurs purely through processes of association and reinforcement.

Behavioral theories of child development focus on how environmental interaction

influences behavior and is based on the theories of theorists such as John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov,

and B. F. Skinner. These theories deal only with observable behaviors. Development is considered

a reaction to rewards, punishments, stimuli, and reinforcement.

Synthesis

The three (3) theory signifies the relationship of the study since zone of in deference

theory theory that CICL passed different stages on their development and it needs intervention of

higher authorities to intervene in their changes and development while the restorative justice theory

mandates that the PNP and DSWD have roles in returning back the CICL to their normal life and

the last is Behavioral Child Development Theories by B. F. Skinner needs environmental

interaction influences behavior which will be conducted by the PNP and DSWD.

Conceptual Framework

IV DV

Problems Encountered by the PNP and

DSWD in Handling Children in Conflict
with the Law in terms of
 impact partnership program between
PNP and DSWD and the problems
encountered in handling CICL in
Calapan City in terms of:

 Psycho-social interventions
program

 Community Based Diversion

and Prevention Program

Figure 1. Hypothesized Relationship between the Variables

This Figure 1 illustrate the relationship between the independent variables and dependent

variables.
 Chapter II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATUE AND RELATED STUDIES

In order to gain valuable information about this problem, the researchers undergone thorough

research of reviewed books, journals and other printed materials that guided them in the conceptualization

of this study.

Related Literature

Baumer , (2015); Bursik and Grasmick, (2018) in their study on juvenile delinquency have

contended that criminologists have not examined whether juvenile crime at micro place geographic units

follows patterns of hot spots concentrations and whether such concentrations vary over time. This is not to

say that the location of juvenile crime has been ignored by criminologists. There has long been an interest

in the location of where juvenile delinquents live and how that affects the pattern of crime in a city.

Police and social workers worked together to deal with child in conflict with the law. In fact effective

prevention, intervention, and stabilization require more than police action and goes beyond the capability of

any single agency. Studies show that social services provision has always been a key part of policing,

operating alongside service to offender of crimes and the enforcement of the law against child offenders.

Police provide services similar to those of social workers in their communities, such as crisis

intervention.The area of police social work or “the service function of the police” (Lucas,2016).

Alamo and Ornelas (2019) said social worker are stepping in to help with a new program that

places interns in Police departments where they can help officers address social issues that affect local

communities. The Partnership aims to build internship and workforce development opportunities for the

school graduates. His positive interaction between Social Worker and Police Officers can help cultivate a
foundation of trust and understanding with the community because each side is taking the time to listen and

learn from one another. Working with Police the Social Work interns use evidence-based interventions such

as motivational interviewing and problem-solving therapy, incorporating a trauma-informed lens in their

work. The goal is to help raise graduation rates in the community and prevent youth from being

incarcerated or becoming involved in gangs. (http://msw.usc.edu/)

According to Simon Holdaway (2015) in his book entitled “The British Journal of Social Work and

Police Relations” Problems and Possibilities the Barclay Report advocates a closer working partnership

between social workers and citizens; various policing policies are based on similar foundations.

Government policies place considerable emphasis on inter-agency work involving the police and the social

services. In this paper, it is argued that co-operative inter-agency work seems feasible between managers

in the social services and in the police. (https://www.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/)

Despite their popularity with local governments, existing studies find little evidence to

support the notion that curfews are effective at reducing crime. This paper reassesses the

conclusions, extending the literature by combining the newly collected data on local ordinance

with an event study research design of comparing the arrest behavior of various age groups

within the city before and after curfew enactment(Males and Mcallair ,2018).

A key distribution is the separate assessment of the impact of curfew ordinances, which

normally apply to youth of ages of 16 to 17, on arrest of youth subject to the curfew law and

those above the city of statutory maximum curfew age. While it is clearly important to

aggressively prosecute criminals, it is just as important that we do everything we can to help

keep people from turning to a life of crime in the first place. Nowhere is that need as profound as

it is for our children(Hodges, 2008)

A three-year federal grant were able to implement a new court for juvenile offenders who

have just begun to veer off the right track. The Juvenile Multi-Disciplinary Court addresses the
underlying causes of a juvenile's delinquency by installing structure and accountability to the

child's life. It accomplishes by using a variety of counselling and treatment techniques that are

individualized to each juvenile’s unique circumstances. The program last one year to complete

and includes weekly appearances in front of a judge to monitor each family’s progress and in

December 2015, graduates of the Juvenile Multi-Disciplinary had a 15 percent recidivism

rate(Mcholm,2015).

  S.T.A.R. Programs, Inc. is a company that licenses, implements and maintains a unique

disciplinary program for schools and juvenile courts interested in a proven, cost-effective

alternative to the incarceration, suspension or expulsion of at-risk youth. Where currently

implemented, S.T.A.R. has drastically reduced juvenile offenses and referrals to the office for

disciplinary problems; all while improving academic performance. These results are realized at a

cost much less than traditional methods of treating youthful offenders or less effective "boot

camp" programs( Teyssier,2015)

According to Hanwick (2017), the mission of the Juvenile Disciplinary and Rehabilitation

Board (JDRB) is to informally hear cases of juvenile misconduct aboard the base and advise and

make recommendations to the Commanding General in exercising his or her inherent command

authority to safeguard the good order and discipline aboard the installation. The Board is not

intended to embarrass or harass the juvenile or parents or legal guardians, but to impress upon

the juvenile the consequences of his or her actions or omissions. The board will assess the degree

of involvement and rehabilitative potential of the juvenile; assess the seriousness of the

misconduct; and if necessary, recommend appropriate corrective action.

According to Esfejo (2018), Criminalizing harmless behaviour to prevent crime has long been

the norm particularly for young people, despite often, dubious evidence of its effectiveness.
Many times people assume obvious correlations exist between youth behaviour and social

problems and remove their constitutional rights with the very minimal, or almost no evidence it

is necessary. The most blatant example of this is the use of curfew laws, which have been

challenged on a number of constitutional grounds. Despite their vast use across the nation over

the last decade, no conclusive evidence can be amounted for their effectiveness in curtailing

juvenile crime. Many communities have flaunted curfew laws as “great success”. However, no

law enforcement agency has ever done any serious empirical study on curfew laws. Instead,

evidence supporting curfews is mainly anecdotal and from survey data. Such data is problematic

in that it focuses on perceived trends rather than actual trends.

According to Sullivan and Rosen (2018), Juvenile curfew in the United States has typically

required the minor children be in their places of residence between a certain late-evening hour

and certain mid-morning hour. It is typically articulated, within the statutes themselves that

juvenile curfew laws are intended to protect the juveniles from engaging in, or being victimized

by, criminal behavior and to strengthen parental control over youths. Opponents of suspension

view the consequences of this disciplinary action as far outweighing any potential benefits. Some

of the consequences cited include loss of self-respect, increased chances of coming into contact

with a delinquent subculture, the vicious cyclical effects of being unable to catch up with

schoolwork, and the stigma associated with suspension once the target child returns to school.

Furthermore, most investigations of school suspensions have found that serious disciplinary

problems are quite rarely the cause of suspension. The majority of suspensions in districts with

high suspension rates are for behavior that is not threatening or serious.

LOCAL LITERATURE
 According to Mateo, (2018) The Manila ordinances were authored by second district

councillor RANULFO LUDOVICA, who noted incidents of minors flocking together at night to

drink on the streets or even use of illegal drugs, engage in troubles and other criminal activities.

This curfew ordinance was made intended for the juveniles to protect them from the harm that

occurs during the night time and to deny them the opportunity to engage in criminal behaviour.

This ordinance only needs the signature of Mayor Lito Atienza for it to become law. The Mayor

earlier had no objection to a curfew, saying only that the ordinance should be studied carefully.

According to Lopez, (2017) Parental supervision such as establishing a set of “House Rules”

and clearly communicating them is very important. House rules should cover whom the child

associates with, places considered off limits, curfews, and when the child should be home from

school. Parents must be aware of the child’s performance in school as well as school attendance,

the possibility of drug or alcohol use, and the activities the child is involved in with friends.

Good supervision indirectly minimizes the adolescents’ contact with delinquency-promoting

circumstances, activities, and peers.

In the study conducted by Luna, (2018), he stated that when the country had a problem with

mischievous youth, the police department stepped up curfew enforcement for those under 18 and

paid off the number of crimes decreased, Similar effects have been reported elsewhere. After

curfew laws are put in place, youth Arrest drop 10 percent in that area, according to a recent

study done by the University of the Philippines, The study researched 54 province and cities with

180,000 or more residents.

According to Ignacio (2015), Researchers also found that arrests of young adults above the

curfew age also decline slightly. The ordinance requires kids under the age of 18 to be off the

streets between midnight and 6a.m. this includes loitering, or congregating on public street,
highway, alleyway or park unless accompanied by an Adult. Cities and provinces can also adopt

their own curfews. The parents need to help out and enforce the curfews too. But some experts

say the jury is still out on curfew effectiveness.

According to Soriano (2015), Mandell, an assistant professor of criminal justice at the

pampacific University North Philippines, in his atudies stated that there is decrease in youth

crime after curfew laws are implemented but there also an equal number of studies that prove

crime increase. He also added that most of the crimes committed by school age youth are done in

three hours following the school day. According to him, if the government wants to have a large

decrease in crime, control crime between three and six at night.

In Science City of Munoz, City Ordinance No. 07 S-2002 entitled Juvenile Disciplinary

Ordinance stated that:

“Ang kautusang ito ay sasaklaw sa lahat ng mga kabataang may gulang na wala pang 18

pababa sa buong nasasaklaw ng mga barangay sa kalunsuran(Poblacion East, West, South at

North), kabilang ang lahat ng barangay sa lungsod Agham ng Munoz, Kabilang din ang mga

mandarayuhan ditto na lalabag sa kautusang ito.

PANGKAT 1 –Ang Kaautusang ito ay naglalayong mabigyan ng disiplina ang mga kabataang

nasa na wala pang 18 pababa, na walang kadahilanan ay namamalagi sa lansangan sa mga

alanganing oras ng gabi, na lingid sa kaalaman at pagsubaybay ng mga magulang ay napasama

sa barkadahan, sa paghikayat ng mga kapwa kabataan, hanggang humantong sa masamang bisyo,

at paggawa ng mga labag sa batas;

PANGKAT 2-Ang kautusang ito ay pinagtitibay sa ilalim ng layunin at hangarin, gaya ng

sumusunod:
a. Masawata at masugpo ang paglabas-labas , pamamasyal at pagagala na wlang kapahintulutan

ng mga magulang ng mga kabataang nasa 17 taong gulang, pababa;

b. Mabigyan ng kaukulang disiplina ang mga nabanggit na kabataan upang silay mapawasto na

hindi masira ang kanilang kinabukasan, at maging kapakinabangan ng lipunan at n gating

bayan/bansa sa hinaharap;

k. Matukoy at malaman ang mga kabataan nasa ebad na 18 pababa, na nalululong sa masamang

bisyo, upang hanggang maaga aya magawan ng lunas, at ng huwag maging pasanin at sakit ng

lipunan;

d. Matulungan ang mga magulang sa pagpapatupad ng akmang disiplina sa kanilang mga anak,

na sa kabila ng kanilang pagsubaybay ata hangarin mapawasto ang mga ito, lingid sa kanilang

kaalaman ay nahahatak parin sa barkadaha, pagkalulong sa bisyo, hanggang sa humantong sa

paggawa ng labag sa batas;

E. Mabawasan ang pag-aalala ng mga magulang sa kanilang mga anak, sa mga alanganing oras

ng gabi ay hindi pa nakakauwi ang mga ito;

G. Mapanumbalik ang imahe ng mga kabataang nagkaroon ng bahid na hindi katangap-tanggap,

at maibangong muli, alang-alang sa kanilang personal na interest, kapakanan, at kinabuka san;

H. Matulungang mapagtuunan ng mga kabataang nahihilig sa barkadahan, pamamasyal, at

nagbibisyo ang kanilang nakaligtaang pag aaral, gayun din ang magugol at maibaling ang

kanilang panahon sa pagtulong sa mga gawaing-bahay, sa panahon at oras ng gabing silay

walang pinagkakaabalahan , imbes na lumabas at mahila sa mga gawaing hindi kanais-nais;

I. Malaman at matukoy ang mga taong dahilan sa kanilang personal na interes at kapakanan,

aynagsasagawa ng manipulasyon sa mga kabataan, upang ang mga itoy sanayin at gawing bihasa

sa paggawa ng mga bagay-bagay na labag sa batas,gaya ng pagnanakaw, tagapaghatid ng bawal

na gamut, pagsusugal, pangungulimbat, pamamalimos, pagkalulong sa droga, na kadalasang ay

nagiging daan sa paggawa ng karumaldumal na krimen;

L. Mapangalagaan at mapanatili ang mataas na moralidad ng mga kabataan at ng kani-kanilang

pamilya sa lipunang kanilang kinabibilangan, gayun din ang hangarin na patuloy na mapreserba

ang nakaugaliang kultura, tradisyon, at pagpapahalaga sa kaugaliang Pilipino, kaakibat ng dati-

rati’y paggalang ng mga kabataan sa mga nakatatanda, pagkakarinyoso, kababaang loob , at pag

iistima (hospitality), naisa sa pinahahalagahan at hinahangaan ng mga banyaga sa ating

kaugalian.

PANGKAT 3- Nasa ilalim ng kautusang ito, na itinatakda ang pagbabawal sa lahat ng mga

kabataang wala pang 18 taong gulang pababa, na gumagala-gala sa mga lansangan ng walang

kadahilanan sa oras na ika -10:00 ng gabi, hanggang ika-4:00 ng medaling araw, maliban na

lamang kung;

FOREIGN STUDIES
According to Robins, (2016) Many children reach adulthood without involvement in serious

delinquent behavior, even in the face of multiple risks. Although risk factors may help identify

which children are most in need of preventive interventions, they cannot identify which

particular children will become serious or chronic offenders. It has long been known that most

adult criminals were involved in delinquent behavior as children most delinquent children and

adolescents, however, do not grow up to be adult criminals.

According to Roy and Wong, (2017), the problems faced by Social Workers in dealing

delinquents was lessened through the following actions: First, special efforts was made to

prevent juvenile delinquency through effective educational opportunities, stable family

environments and community-based programs that respond to the special concerns of children

and offer appropriate guidance and counselling to them and their families; secondly, alternative
structures was developed to deal with children without resorting to judicial proceedings, always

providing that children’s rights are respected and that restorative justice systems are encouraged

so as to promote community involvement in victim-offender reconciliation and lastly, the

existing international standards was publicized through awareness-raising and information

campaigns, as well as through training of law enforcement officials, prosecutors, judges, lawyers

and social workers.

According to Bock and Good, (2018) Research over the past few decades on normal child

development and on development of delinquent behavior has shown that individual, social, and

community conditions as well as their interactions influence behavior. There is general

agreement that behavior, including antisocial and delinquent behavior, is the result of a complex

interplay of individual biological and genetic factors and environmental factors, starting during

fetal development and continuing throughout life. Clearly, genes affect biological development,

but there is no biological development without environmental input. Thus, both biology and

environment influence behaviour.

In the study conducted by the University of California (UCLA) School of Law Juvenile

Justice Project the juvenile justice system was founded with the goal to serve the best interest of

the child, with an understanding that youth possessed different needs than adults. Transfer laws

represent a departure from that traditional understanding of juvenile justice and are contrary to

fundamental notions of justice. Result of the study shows that the adult criminal justice system is

ill-equipped to meet the needs of youth offenders at all stages of the process, from trial to

sentencing options to incarceration. The findings of this study indicate that justice is not served

by forcing juveniles through a system never intended to process youth and that transfer laws

have worsened the problems they sought to address.

LOCAL STUDIES
In the study conducted by Templa (2017),entitled” Street Child and the Essence of the DSWD

Program for the Youth” it found out that the program established that many o children are either

on the streets or of the streets when they were apprehended. While a significant number still live

with parents or a relative, they are usually out on the streets to eke out a living or are involved in

peer groups or gangs, which are usually associated with vices and illegal activities. The

responsibility of the DSWD central office with respect to children in conflict with the law was

not among the functions devolved to the cities. It was revealed that the Davao City Social

Workers performed their duties with efficiency and hard work and they already extend social

services to said children. This is due to the full-time work and focus given by social workers to

children already detained in rehabilitation centers. However, in terms of keeping centralized

information nationally on children in conflict with the law, including networking with NGOs and

facilitating the dissemination of such information, this is a function suited to the national office.

City Social workers usually get involved with the children upon their release or from the trial

stage onwards, including detention during trial.

In the study conducted by Baltazar, et. Al. (2015), results show that the parents of the child in

conflict with the law have different versions on the effectiveness of the implementation of the

program to their children who are in conflict with the law. Accordingly the DSWD personnel

assess first the child in conflict with the law family status. They see to it that their family is

capable of giving the basic needs of the children. The actions of the DSWD can be perceived as

basic action for the child in conflict with the law, they fully implement what is in their plan in

helping the child in conflict with the law like assessment report if the child was qualified to

receive help and assistance from their office and referral to different agencies on whom who can

help the child in conflict with the law.

 According to Centeno, et. al.(2015), the implementation of the diversion programs by the

DSWD for children in conflict the law as implemented indicating that most of the DSWD

personnel really participated in motivating and rehabilitating child in conflict with law. The

result of the study brings positive changes to uplift the CICL’s morale and welfare with the help

of alternatives, therefore the consistency of implementation of diversion programs must maintain

and if possible improve for the continuous reformation and development of child in conflict with

law as to their behaviour.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented and discussed the name method of research as well as the procedures and

sources used in the study. It also includes the techniques adopted in gathering data, description of

questionnaire and validation of the instrument.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The study adopted the descriptive type of research. The descriptive method is something more and

beyond just data gathering; the latter is not reflective thinking and not research. The true data collected

should be reported from the point of view of the objectives and the basic assumptions of the project under

way. This follows logically after careful classification of data. Facts obtained may be accurate expressions

of central tendency, of devotion, or of correlation; but the report is not research unless discussion of those

data is carried up into the level of adequate interpretation. (Aquino, 2009

Respondents

The respondents of the study are divided into three (3) groups, the first group twenty-five (25)

DSWD officials and twenty-five (25) Police Personnel and fifty (50) CICL in Calapan City who are chosen

using total sampling.

INSTRUMENT USED

The instrument used is a questionnaire develop by the researchers which consist of a number of items

that the respondents have to answer in a set format. The questionnaire consist of three parts as follows:

PART I: Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Description:

The instrument was designed to draw information from the profile of the respondents in terms of: age,

gender, educational attainment and years in service.

PART II: Effectiveness of Partnership Between the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the

Department of Social Welfare and Development program in Handling Children in Conflict with the Law

terms of:
  Psycho-social interventions program

 Community Based Diversion and Prevention Program

Description:

The instruments are composed of a five (5) items checklist regarding Partnership Between the

Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Department of Social Welfare and Development program in

Handling Children in Conflict with the Law terms of:

 Psycho-social interventions program

 Community Based Diversion and Prevention Program

The responses to each item will be evaluated as shown below:

Description;
Range Weight Verbal Description
4 3.25–4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.50–3.24 Agree

2 1.75–2.49 Disagree

1 1.00-1.74 Strongly Disagree

PART III problems encountered by the Philippine National Police (PNP)and the Department of Social

Welfare and Development in dealing with children in conflict with the law

Description:

The instrument are composed of five item checklist...i.e.. Lack of interest of parents to accept the turn

over of the child.

 The responses to each item were evaluated as shown below:

Scale Weight Verbal Interpretation

4 3.25–4.00 Very Serious

3 2.50–3.24 Serious

2 1.75–2.49 Not Serious

1 1.00-1.74 Not a problem at all

Reliability and Validity of Instrument

The reliability of the instrument will be measured by means of conducting dry-run wherein the

researchers distributed the questionaire-checklist to the selected ten (10) PNP Personnel assigned in the

Municipality of Naujan Province of Oriental Mindoro The copies of the survey questionnaire will be

distributed personally by the researchers.

Data gatheriung Procedure

The researchers first asked the approval of their thesis adviser for the preparation of letters and

their research instrument .Then ask permission from the Chief of Police in the City of Calapan and to the

DSWD Head to allow them to float the questionnaire, conduct interviews from among the target

respondents, and actual observation in the research locale of the study. After the questionnaire checklist

was collected by the researchers for the tabulation of the responses. The results of the study will be

computed based on the responses of the respondents.

Statistical Treatment of Data

 After collecting the data needed, the researchers will tabulate and analyze the data with the help of

statistical tools. The following are the statistical tools that will be use in this study together with their

corresponding formula:

1. The profile of the respondents was determined using frequency distribution, percentage,

ranking and weighted mean percentage.

Frequency Distribution. It is a statistical procedure that involves listing all possible measures of variable and

tallied each datum on the listing. This is done by categorizing and tabulating the frequency of each

occurrence.

Percentage. Utilized by the researchers to get the proportion of part of the whole.

Formula:

% = ------- x 100

Where:

% = Percent of frequency

f = Frequency

N = Number of respondents

Ranking

Ranking was used to determine the order of decreasing or increasing magnitude of variables. The

longest frequency is ranked 1; the second is ranked 2; and so down to the last number.

Formula:
 X =

Where:

X = Mean

f = Frequency

x = Mid-Value

A. Weighted Mean

Ʃwx
X w=
n

Where:

X ᴡ = The weighted arithmetic mean

x = The variable

ᴡ = Weights the variables attached to the variable X

n = Number of respondents

To statistically treat the hypothesis of this study, an inferential statistics as an Pearson’s Product

Moment Coefficient of Correlation or Pearson’s r was used to determine the degree of relationship between

the variables under the study. The formula is presented as follow.

n ∑ xy −(∑ x )(∑ y)
r=
√ ¿¿

Where:
 r= Pearson’s r

n = no. of case

Ʃx = sum of all the x values

Ʃy = sum of all y values

(Ʃx)2 = sum of all the squares of all y’s

(Ʃy)2 = sum of all the squares of all the x’s

Ʃx2 = square of the sum of all the y’s

Ʃy2 = square of the sum of all the x’s

Ʃxy = sum of the products of x and y