Planning and Recon
Planning and Recon
Planning and Recon
This phase
involves defining the scope of the penetration testing engagement, identifying the assets to be
tested, and gathering information about the target environment through passive and active
reconnaissance techniques.
Here are some details and examples of the Planning and reconnaissance phase:
1. Defining the scope: In this step, the penetration tester determines the scope of the
engagement, including the systems, applications, and networks to be tested. The scope
also includes any limitations, such as testing hours or rules of engagement.
Example: The scope of a penetration testing engagement might be limited to a specific
application or system, such as a web application or a database server.
2. Identifying assets: The penetration tester identifies the assets that are in scope for the
testing engagement. This includes all hardware, software, and network components
that may be tested.
Example: Assets that might be tested include servers, workstations, routers, switches,
firewalls, and other network devices.
3. Gathering information: The penetration tester gathers information about the target
environment through passive and active reconnaissance techniques. Passive
reconnaissance involves collecting information without directly interacting with the
target, while active reconnaissance involves direct interaction with the target.
Example: Passive reconnaissance techniques might include gathering information through
search engines, social media, or publicly available databases. Active reconnaissance
techniques might include network scanning, port scanning, and fingerprinting.
4. Threat modeling: The penetration tester develops a threat model to identify potential
threats and attack vectors that could be used by an attacker to compromise the target
environment.
Example: A threat model might include identifying potential attackers, such as insiders or
external threat actors, and the methods they might use to attack the target environment, such
as malware or social engineering attacks.
5. Rules of engagement: The penetration tester defines the rules of engagement, which
outline the scope of the testing engagement, the types of testing that will be
conducted, and any limitations or restrictions that apply.
Example: Rules of engagement might specify that the penetration tester is only allowed to
test during certain hours, that testing should not disrupt business operations, and that certain
types of testing, such as denial-of-service attacks, are prohibited.
Overall, the Planning and reconnaissance phase is critical for a successful penetration testing
engagement. By carefully defining the scope, identifying assets, gathering information,
developing a threat model, and defining rules of engagement, the penetration tester can lay
the groundwork for an effective testing process that can identify vulnerabilities and help
organizations improve their security posture.