Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.

org )

Small Logo

White Paper
An Introduction to
Multimedia Services
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Executive Summary
Combining video with voice and text applications to create multimedia services is an important development in the
worldwide communications marketplace. Adding video promises to provide a robust new revenue stream for service
providers and greatly enhance business solutions, including the contact center. This paper explores market segment
trends, multimedia services, key multimedia standards, and the technical components needed to deliver multimedia
services effectively. A section on Dialogic and multimedia discusses some of the Dialogic products that can help
®

make the move to multimedia faster and more cost effective.

 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Table of Contents
Multimedia Opportunities Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Move to Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Multimedia Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Multimedia Messaging Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Video Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Video Color Ring Back Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Video Caller ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Video Portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Contact Center Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Video Share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
MobileTV (Out of Band Video) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Cellular Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3GPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
GPRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3GPP2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3G-324M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
DVB-H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
T-DMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
MediaFLO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ISDB-T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Video Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
MPEG-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
MPEG-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
VC-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Media Streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Components for Delivering Multimedia Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Media Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Multimedia Endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Market Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Dialogic and Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Multimedia Opportunities Today with existing ones. Because of its experience, Dialogic is
committed to helping its customers make their move to
The great strides made recently in delivering multimedia, which
multimedia a great success through working with standards
is the coordination of video, text, and audio media capabilities,
organizations, strengthening its ecosystem, and developing
is one of the most significant developments in communications
innovative new products.
today. Multimedia can provide important opportunities for
service providers to attract new customers and increase the
The Move to Multimedia
loyalty of current ones while increasing Average Revenue Per
User (ARPU). Businesses can use multimedia to improve The adoption of multimedia requires a robust infrastructure
employee communication and significantly upgrade the that can support powerful multimedia applications, regardless
effectiveness of critical functions such as the contact center. of whether the endpoint is a traditional PC or a mobile device.
Bandwidth is an important infrastructure component because
Cellular providers face particularly difficult market conditions of the “real time” nature of many multimedia services.
because their markets are saturated in many parts of the
world. The Economist cites very high rates of penetration in For PCs, multimedia requires a broadband or equivalent
many countries. See Table 1. network connection, and broadband subscribers are growing
at a healthy rate. According to a recent industry report, the
Country Mobile Subscribers per 100 Population worldwide broadband subscriber base had reached 285
Australia 82.8 million (May 2007) and was expected to “almost double” to
Czech Republic 105.6 567 million by 2011 [In-Stat].
France 73.7
Because common broadband implementations (e.g., DSL
Italy 108.2
and cable) have a download rate of 1.5 to 6 megabits per
Japan 71.6
second (Mbps) and upload at a rate of 386 kilobits per second
Taiwan 100.3
(kbps) to 2 Mbps, bandwidth is adequate to support a number
United Kingdom 102.2
of multimedia services (with the exception of high definition
United States 62.1
IPTV). The widespread purchase of broadband connections
Table 1. Mobile Subscribers by Population should accelerate the move to multimedia services.
Other agencies cite even higher figures. For example, the CTIA For 3G cellular services, the latest CDMA2000 implementations
cites an 80.5% penetration rate in the United States at the end deliver a peak data rate of 3.01 Mbps with an average
of June 2007 [CTIA]. throughput of 600 kbps. Bandwidth availability in these
ranges should enable service providers to offer a wide range of
Market saturation generally brings an ARPU decrease because
multimedia services with the possible exception of broadcast-
more resources are spent on marketing, prices may be lowered
quality video streaming.
for competitive reasons, or additional features may be added at
the same or reduced rates to retain customers. To counteract As mobile video services proliferate though the network,
this trend, cellular providers are offering multimedia services however, considerable infrastructure enhancement must take
as a market differentiator. place. Dr. Mark Mortensen, senior vice president of marketing
At the same time, businesses are looking to multimedia to at VPIsystems, a company that specializes in network planning,
improve customer service, increase worker productivity, create describes three trends: a move from wireline to wireless, from
more effective training, and reduce operating costs. Many voice to “voice-plus-email” and Internet surfing, and from cell
facets of a business can be improved, from investor relations phone as communicator to cell phone as entertainer. All this,
to sales, with the implementation of applications such as video says Mortensen, “is helping to drive what we see now, which
portals and video email. is a huge ‘mobile video build-out’. We find that the carriers are
preparing now or are already engaged in a massive build-out
As a long-time technology pioneer, Dialogic is aware of the on top of the existing infrastructure.” Such a build-out is great
issues that can arise when emerging technologies converge news for the growth of multimedia services [Mortensen].

2
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Multimedia Services Video email technology, in which an MPEG or other type of

video file is attached to an email message, first appeared in the
Development and deployment of new video services is moving
mid-1990s on personal computers. At that time, PCs had to
forward quickly. A video implementation already available in
be enhanced with high-end graphics cards, special cameras,
2.5G networks is Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS). With
and extra memory to use video email systems. Today, video
new 3G network rollouts, mobile video telephony applications
such as video mail, video color ring, video caller ID, video email is far more practical and affordable because of cheaper
portals, contact center enhancements, video share, and component costs, improved compression algorithms, and
Mobile TV should become widely available. Several of these enhanced delivery mechanisms that store messages on a
services are described briefly in this section. server and stream them to the client.

Many cellular providers can send video mail messages to

Multimedia Messaging Service
PC-based accounts as video email. Unfortunately, the quality
MMS adds images and audio clips to the SMS text messaging and capacity of the video capture combined with the relative
model. Some wireless service providers see MMS as a natural complexity of sending video mail are seen as hurdles to
evolution from SMS for their large user bases. With appropriate widespread consumer acceptance. These hurdles are likely to
gateway infrastructure, MMS messages can be sent and be overcome as the technology improves.
received between mobile handsets and email, increasing the
appeal and user base. Video mail is also gaining popularity beyond the cellular
market. Corporations and non-profit organizations have also
One popular implementation of MMS worldwide is sending deployed video mail solutions with positive results. Some
pictures taken with a mobile device’s camera. Other MMS examples include:
applications currently deployed include:
•• Corporations can use video mail to provide employees and
•• Weather reports sent with map images industry analysts with information about acquisitions, new
•• Stock quotes with trending information in graph form product introductions, and earnings.
•• Key moments from the day’s sporting events sent as a •• Market research firms can use video mail and the Internet
“slide show” to conduct virtual focus groups. First, a video email is sent
•• Text messages with animations to focus group participants about a product. After watching
the video in the email, participants can provide instant
Because both the development environments for creating feedback about the product via a website.
MMS content and its billing mechanisms are well defined, the
adoption and popularity of MMS is high.
•• Executives can use video emails to relay complex
information instead of spending their valuable time typing
Video Mail long email messages. Video emails are also generally easier
to understand.
Most mobile subscribers use voice mail services today. As
technology, networks, and devices advance to support real- •• Charities can solicit emergency donations by sending video
time video mail, mobile subscribers are likely to use enhanced emails containing actual scenes of a disaster immediately
applications as well. Many callers worldwide can already send after it occurs. Effective thank-you emails often inspire
and receive video messages, and use playback capabilities additional donations.
similar to those available with voice mail today. Recording a
Video Color Ring Back Tones
video message for someone who is temporarily unavailable is
expected to become as commonplace as leaving them a voice Color ring back tones replace the ringing sound that the network
mail message today. traditionally supplies while a caller waits for the called party to
answer the phone. Color ring back tones range from popular
As with other multimedia applications, video mail provides music and theme songs to recorded messages and jokes.
additional revenue for cellular providers because they can
charge either per-message or a fixed monthly fee for the Video color ring adds a pre-selected video to the color ring
enhanced service. back tones sent through the network, and the video plays while

3
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

the caller waits for the call to be answered. Unfortunately, the video about new products and services while waiting for an
varied standards and capabilities of handsets may slow the agent. A traditional IVR that offers downloadable videos,
adoption of video color ring. As an interim offering, some which further assist or instruct customers, can provide a
service providers are sending photos to the caller’s handset. competitive advantage.
Ultimately, standardization and intelligent gateways, which
can decouple the video and audio streams and provide more Contact centers often use a coach/pupil technique in training
varied support on the network, are likely to allow video color agents. A knowledge expert or supervisor provides coaching
ring to become as popular as color ring back tones. on a variety of subjects, some of which can be very complex.
These audio sessions can now be enhanced with video to make
Video Caller ID them more effective. In addition, streaming a video on product
installation to an agent during a customer call allows an agent
Video caller ID uses the caller ID function to select and play a
to provide far more accurate and detailed information, which
pre-recorded video on the mobile device being called before
can greatly improve customer satisfaction.
the call is answered. The pre-recorded videos for known callers
are stored locally in the mobile device’s memory and do not IP-based, SIP-powered, IMS-compatible, 3G contact center
require any intervention by the service provider. Applications software-only solutions are now available, offering full
loaded and running on the mobile device look up the caller ID, multimedia contact management for multi-location contact
load the proper video, and control play according to a model centers in a distributed model. Inbound callers to a customer
not unlike handset-based ring tones today. service representative can start off with a chat window, and later
escalate the call to an audio or even a video call. 3G mobile
Video Portal
operators and Network Service Providers can provide such
Both businesses and service providers are beginning to use solutions to contact center outsourcers and “partial” outsourcers
video portals. as a hosted service or to large businesses that want to fully
“own” and control the contact center on their premises.
Large corporations are providing information to employees
through intranet video portals usually accessed via PCs. Video Share
Portals can provide company news and keynote speeches
by senior management or technical leaders. Portals are also Video Share (VS) — also known as Video Sharing, See What I
a vehicle well suited for training employees on new products See, Rich Voice Call, and Push-to-Video (P2video or PTV) — is
or technologies. Most companies do not currently support a service that enables a user engaged in a voice call to stream
mobile access because of security issues, but these issues are real-time (live) or pre-recorded one-way video from a handset
expected to be addressed soon. to any another party or multiple parties on the call regardless
of whether they are on a mobile or fixed network.
Meanwhile, service providers in the mobile market are offering
video portals. Subscribers can download a range of video clips The sender can see what is being streamed and can provide
for playback on their mobile devices. One service provider is real-time narration over the audio portion of the call, explaining
offering hundreds of video clips per day that run from two to the content of the video to those receiving it. The recipient(s)
five minutes. Clips can be browsed and selected via Interactive can choose not to accept the streamed video and can terminate
Voice/Video Response (IVVR), and the content is similar to that the VS session at any time.
of a voice portal: entertainment, news headlines, and clips of
Since Push-to-Talk has been a success, VS should also
key plays in sports.
become popular, although moving from video mail to live video
streaming poses technological challenges.
Contact Center Enhancements
When customers call a contact center today, they usually VS was originally defined by the Global System for Mobile
encounter an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system communications Association (GSMA), a global trade
because many standard queries can be satisfied without agent association for mobile phone operators, which refers to VS as a
intervention. Video can further enhance the customer’s IVR “combinational service” because it converges a circuit-switched
experience. A caller on a 3G network can receive streaming voice call with a packet-switched multimedia (video) session.

4
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Since it was described in 3GPP specification documents, VS which is made possible by using technology complaint with
requires a 3GPP-compliant IMS core network system. one of four Mobile TV broadcasting standards: DVB-H, DMB,
ISDB-T, and MediaFLO. Trials and limited deployments are
VS is currently supported only in 3G UMTS with the W-CDMA
under way at many major carriers such as Sprint, Verizon,
interface and in EDGE networks with DTM, a method
and AT&T.
that enables simultaneous GSM voice and EDGE data
connections, which, in turn, enables VS and improves both Arqiva provides infrastructure for television, radio, and
the end-user experience as well as GSM/EDGE-W-CDMA wireless communications in the UK with a presence in Ireland,
service continuity. VS does not operate on a GPRS or a CDMA mainland Europe and the USA. The company has conducted
network because CDMA2000 EV-DO (for example) does not a variety of trials, providing reports on its website. A trial
support simultaneous circuit and packet connections. If a conducted with O2 (UK) in Oxford, UK from October 2005
handset moves from a UMTS environment to GSM, the VS to February 2006 provided access to a group of well-known
client software will drop the VS session although the voice UK channels, including BBC1, BBC2, ITV1, Sky, and MTV. A
portion of the call will remain connected. significant number of participants in the trial (72%) expressed
interest in subscribing to the service.
The anticipated popularity of VS has spurred some mobile
operators to offer it as their first IMS service. AT&T (formerly The Sprint Nextel Corporation, Comcast Corporation, Time
Cingular) led the way with a VS service deployed in 160 major Warner Cable, Cox Communications, and Advance/Newhouse
U.S. markets. The service runs over AT&T’s 3G W-CDMA/HSDPA Communications launched a service called “Pivot” in March
network instead of its nationwide, 2G GSM/GPRS network. 2007. Pivot was designed as a “quad-play” offering that
combines wireline and wireless networks to bring capabilities
Mobile operators expect VS to be a popular service in scenarios
such as one-button access to the Internet, home and wireless
such as the following:
email, and Mobile TV to Sprint customers.
•• A vacationing couple sends live video postcards to their
friends “Pure” Mobile TV offerings are available from carriers such
as Verizon and AT&T. Verizon Wireless offers ESPN MVP
•• A proud parent transmits footage of a child in Little League
sports on V CAST Mobile TV, a service of MediaFLO USA, a
hitting a home run
subsidiary of Qualcomm. Customers can also view trailers and
•• A real estate agent streams video of a house to entice a short films from the Tribeca Film Festival on V CAST-enabled
prospective buyer mobile phones.
A variant of this technology (Movial Connect Push-to-Video) AT&T is offering full-length episodes of soap operas, situation
seamlessly combines technologies such as Presence, Instant comedies, sports, and news 24/7 with broadcast-quality picture
Messaging (IM), and multimedia instant communication. and sound on AT&T Mobile TV. Programming is available from
Users who log into the system immediately see a listing that CBS Mobile, CNN Live Mobile, Comedy Central, ESPN Mobile
tells them whether or not their previously defined contacts are
TV, FOX Mobile, MTV, NBC 2GO, NBC News 2GO, and others.
online and available. A Push-to-Video dialog can be initiated
to one or more contacts, or a simple instant messaging dialog Although most current deployments in the USA are commercial,
can be established. Using VS and IM in tandem creates active other long-term financing models for mobile TV are being
dialogues among multiple users, resulting in more revenue- explored. Free-to-Air (FTA) Mobile TV, which is unencrypted
generating content creation along with message and network and available without subscription, is one possibility. FTA could
traffic — and a desire to purchase advanced handsets. Push- be funded by direct license fees (as in the United Kingdom),
to-Video is not only available for SIP/IMS, but also for existing by voluntary donations (modeled on the Public Broadcasting
presence standards such as OMA IMPS and XMPP. Service in the United States), or by advertising and other
forms of commercial sponsorship (as in the United States and
Mobile TV (Out of Band Video) Japan). In the United States, deployments are only available
Various test marketing trials and limited deployments indicate to mobile phone users by paid subscription, but Mobile TV
that people enjoy watching TV broadcasts on mobile phones, elsewhere in the world is FTA. As of this writing, FTA Mobile TV

5
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

services or trials have been launched in Finland, India, Japan, GPRS

Korea, the Philippines, and Russia.
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a non-voice
Mobile TV worldwide has been hampered by lack of spectrum specification that defines how information will be sent and
availability, but this situation is expected to change as analog received across a mobile network. The theoretical maximum
TV services are phased out over the next few years. speed of a GPRS implementation is 171.2 kbps. Although this
is a marked improvement over the 9.6 kbps in a GSM network
Cellular Standards and the 160 character limitation of SMS, bandwidth is still
By continuing to expand and upgrade their services, cellular inadequate for a multimedia stream. Because of this, GPRS
providers are driving the evolution from simple voice-only implementations focus on non-real-time applications such as
mobile devices to sophisticated multimedia devices that chat, web browsing, and file transfer.
are more graphically adept and easier to use. As part of
the transition to full multimedia, a wide variety of standards
EDGE
have emerged affecting many aspects of multimedia delivery Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) enables the
from network infrastructure to cellular endpoints. Because delivery of advanced mobile services. These advanced services
of competing standards and the gradual nature of the 3G include enhanced downloading of video and music clips,
transition, cellular providers today are compelled to support a multimedia messaging, high-speed color Internet browsing,
range of standards. and mobile email access. EDGE provides three times the
bandwidth available with a GPRS-based network (typical user
Key to 3G standards efforts is the work of the 3GPP and 3GPP2. data rates are 100 to 120 kbps, and the theoretical maximum
Both organizations began work in 1998 intending to evolve two is 384 kbps) while freeing up network resources to handle
different cellular networks to 3G capabilities. However, over additional voice traffic.
time, some overlap has developed.
3GPP2
3GPP
3GPP2 is focusing on Code Division Multiple Access 2000
Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration (CDMA2000). The standard is named after the 3GPP2, a
of several telecommunications standards bodies working partnership consisting of five telecommunications standards
to develop a 3G mobile system based on an evolved GSM and consortium bodies: CWTS in China, ARIB and TTC in
network. 3GPP is also responsible for maintaining the Japan, TTA in Korea, and TIA in North America.
standards related to the radio access technologies used in
GSM. The original scope of this project was later amended to CDMA2000 is a 3G wireless technology that evolved from the
include the maintenance and development of GSM technical existing CDMA specification. Its main features include faster
specifications. To date, 3GPP has defined two technical data rates, always-connected data service, and an improved
specifications for radio access technologies: GPRS and EDGE. voice network capacity.
Details about these specifications are included below.
CDMA2000 deployment is planned in three general phases:
3GPP has also done excellent work in developing standards
•• Phase 1 — Data rates up to 144 kbps; doubles the voice
for service delivery mechanisms. One of the most important
capacity over the previous CDMA network
is the IMS framework, which provides the telecom industry
with a modular, standards-based IP/SIP service delivery •• Phase
 2 — Data rates up to 2.4 Mbps, but must be
infrastructure. IMS enables service providers to take advantage deployed using a spectrum separate from the voice
of the unique strengths of IP to deliver faster, more flexible, network; devices for Phase 2 support access to both voice
and more cost-effective deployments of new and differentiated and data spectrums
multimedia communications services over both mobile and •• Phase
 3 — Circuit and packet data rates of 3 to 5 Mbps;
fixed networks. fully integrates the voice network established in Phase 1

6
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Here are the specific CDMA2000 specifications involved: standard called IMT-2000. The air interface occupies
more bandwidth than conventional CDMA but offers faster
•• CDMA2000
 1X — First CDMA2000 standard, which enables
transmission because, unlike CDMA, it optimizes the use of
operators with existing IS-95 systems to double overall
multiple wireless signals, not just one.
system capacity yielding uplink speeds up to 76.8 kbps and
downlink speeds up to 153.6 kbps (network dependent). 3G-324M
•• CDMA2000
 1XRTT (One-Carrier Radio Transmission Both the 3GPP and 3GPP2 envision supporting both voice and
Technology) — A 2.5G network standard adopted by multimedia content over an IP network. However, issues such
some US wireless carriers, equivalent to GPRS for CDMA. as the availability of adequate IP addresses and the ability to
1XRTT uses a 1.25 MHz radio channel as well as a more reliably support time-sensitive applications are likely to delay
sophisticated form of modulation to increase bandwidth for full deployment of either standard. To resolve the reliability
individual users up to about 144 kbps. It requires a different issue, 3GPP and 3GPP2 collaborated to create the 3G-324M
type of phone and a change to some base station equipment, standard, which defines real-time streaming of wireless
but can double a voice network’s capacity and allow data multimedia over existing circuit-switched wireless network
to be packetized and sent without the establishment of a links. Multimedia is sent as RTP packets, which provide
circuit. 1XRTT has three direct descendants: CDMA2000 the timestamp and control mechanisms for synchronizing
1xEV, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO and CDNA2000 1xEV-DV. multimedia content.
•• CDMA2000
 1xEV — An evolution (EV) of CDMA2000 1X
3G-324M contains a multiplexing/de-multiplexing protocol
standard that can support a speed of about 300 kbps on a
that interleaves voice, video, user data, and control signaling
1.25 MHz channel.
for delivery over a transmission channel to the end user. The
•• CDMA2000
 1xEV-DO (EVolution-Data Optimized) — standard is complex, containing derivatives of three legacy
A descendant of CDMA2000 deployed in South Korea standards revised to provide call control and multimedia
that is faster than CDMA2000 1X but is not officially a 3G delivery.
system. 1xEV-DO can support fixed and mobile applications
at 700 kbps to 1.2 Mbps on average with a 2.4 Mbps peak DVB-H
on a standard 1.25 MHz CDMA channel. An “always on” Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H) is a technical
wireless technology, 1xEV-DO allows data to be sent over specification and ETSI standard designed to bring broadcast
PCS and cellular networks at speeds comparable to DSL services to handheld receivers. It is a superset of the Digital
or cable modems. Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) system for digital
•• CDMA2000
 1xEV-DV (EVolution-Data and Voice) — terrestrial television, with additional features to allow operation
A real-time, two-way voice communication system that in an IP environment and with handheld, battery-powered
also supports packet data rates up to 3.07 Mbps with an receivers. DVB-H incorporates advanced audio and video
average data throughput of 1.0 Mbps, unmatched by many coding schemes, such as H.264, and complements other
competing technologies that operate in the 1.25 MHz radio existing broadcasting technologies.
channel. 1xEV-DV has a flexible data air interface that
supports a wide range of applications and offers an orderly Of the four competing MobileTV standards (DVB-H, T-DMB,
and cost-effective migration path for existing CDMA2000 MediaFLO, and ISDB), DVB-H appears to be the most popular.
1X networks. Its closest competitor is T-DMB (and other forms of DMB).

•• W-CDMA
 (Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access) — DVB-H is part of the DVB-IP Datacast (DVB-IPDC) set of
A 3G global mobile wireless technology and a fundamental technologies designed to deliver any type of content to mobile
component of UMTS, along with TDMA and CDMA2000. devices over IP when broadcast network output is reformatted
W-CDMA has a 5 MHz air interface and operates in the for Mobile TV reception. DVB-IPDC specifications provide an
1920 to 1980 MHz band for the uplink (Rx) and 2110 to Electronic Service Guide that describes the services available
2170 MHz for the downlink (Tx) situated in the 230 MHz to end devices, Content Delivery Protocols to transport content
global spectrum identified by the ITU for the worldwide over a broadcast bearer channel, and Service Purchase

7
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

and Protection to enable over-the-air protection of purchase Video Standards

mechanisms and content.
Among the various video coding standards available today are
DVB-H and its accompanying protocol set are “radio agnostic” MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and VC-1.
and could work with CDMA services and handsets and GSM.
MPEG-2
T-DMB The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) began the
development of the MPEG-2 video coding standard (H.262)
Terrestrial-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) is a digital
more than a decade ago in the early 1990s, and it is now
radio system for sending multimedia to mobile devices such
used in digital television systems around the world. Although
as mobile phones and is used for Mobile TV. T-DMB uses
MPEG-2 works well for transmitting over bandwidth capable of
MPEG-4 Part 10 (H.264) for video and MPEG-4 Part 3 BSAC supporting large data rates, quality suffers when bandwidth is
or HE-AAC V2 for audio. Originally developed in South Korea, inadequate.
DMB can operate via satellite (S-DMB) or T-DMB transmission
where it uses radio frequency bands Band III (VHF) and L MPEG-4
(UHF). Because the USA and Canada allocate Band III for In 1998, the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) started
television VHF broadcast channels 7 to 13, and the USA work on a new standard designed to double the compression
uses the L band for military applications, North America uses efficiency of other video standards available at that time.
Qualcomm’s proprietary MediaFLO system for Mobile TV. In 2001, MPEG teamed up with VCEG to finalize the newly
renamed H.264/AVC standard. This new standard, also known
MediaFLO as MPEG-4, succeeded in doubling the compression of video
Media Forward Link Only (MediaFLO) is a proprietary system broadcasts, paving the way for video support in low bandwidth
developed by Qualcomm to broadcast data to mobile devices environments such as cellular networks.
such as PDAs and cell phones. Multiple real-time audio
Compared to MPEG-2 (the format of traditional digital
and video streams, individual pre-recorded video and audio
television and DVDs), H.264/AVC offers 2 to 3 times greater
clips, and IP Datacast application data such as stock market compression, making it attractive for network delivery as well
quotes, weather reports, and sports scores can be transmitted as for high-definition video. MPEG-4 requires only 700 kbps to
to mobile devices at approximately 700 MHz (previously deliver full-screen, DVD-quality digital video.
allocated to UHF TV Channel 5). MediaFLO is part of Verizon’s
V CAST offering. VC-1
Microsoft decided to develop its own standard based on its
ISDB-T
Windows Media Video 9 coder, which was standardized by
®

Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and
is the terrestrial version of ISDB, a broadcast format used became standard 421M, now better known as VC-1. Microsoft
in Japan to convert radio and TV stations from analog to claims very high compression rates for VC-1 — three times as
digital and multiplex channels of data. ISDB-T is used by the many video channels of the same quality as can be delivered
Japanese “1seg” mobile terrestrial digital audio/video and data with the same amount of bandwidth needed for MPEG-2.
broadcasting service, which is capable of providing Mobile TV
to Japanese cell phones, laptop computers, and vehicles. Media Streaming
Various versions of the ISDB standard exist in addition to The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is designed for the
ISDB-T, including ISDB-S for satellite television and ISDB-C transport of real-time data, including audio and video, from
for cable. endpoint to endpoint over an IP network. RTP supports
multimedia by providing timing reconstruction, loss detection,
ISDB is based on MPEG-2 video and audio coding, but both and content identification. Timing reconstruction and loss
ISDB and DVB allow other video compression methods to be detection ensure that the multimedia frames are presented in
used, such as JPEG and MPEG-4. proper sequence and smooth out the multimedia presentation

8
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

by buffering content. The Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) is used in conjunction with RTP and provides media session control.
RTCP synchronizes different media streams, supports gateways and bridges, and provides QoS feedback to the RTP session.
RTP-based streams are generic and flexible enough to allow the definition of a unique profile (stream characteristics) for each
target media endpoint.

The Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) is an application layer protocol that controls the real-time data delivery of both live
and pre-recorded audio and video. This control is also called “streaming” and an RTSP server can deliver multimedia content to
multiple destinations simultaneously. Several popular streaming servers, such as Apple’s QuickTime, RealNetworks RealServer,
and the Microsoft Windows Media Player, use RTSP as their control protocol. RTSP can also be used to control media distribution
®

from a media server in a multimedia implementation.

Components for Delivering Multimedia Services

PC Endpoint

Mobile PC/PDA

SS7 Network

Gateway IP Network

Media Server
Cellular and Mobile
Endpoints

Figure 1. Simplified Topology for Multimedia Service Delivery

Figure 1 illustrates components defined in standards for both 3G networks and the IMS service delivery framework. Several of
these components are discussed in more detail below.

The capabilities of SS7 are essential for some multimedia applications if the transactions require using the information from
remote database lookups together with call signaling to perform predefined actions related to a call. In multimedia services, the
predefined actions involve providing context-specific multimedia presentations to both the caller and the called parties.

9
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) is used to manage IP Because the 3GPP Release 5 definition of a 3G cellular network
network bandwidth and helps ensure that adequate bandwidth specifies that all voice and multimedia traffic be transported
for QoS is available to support a multimedia application. over IP, gateways will be one of the first devices encountered
Video and high-quality audio streams require a high level of by packets moving to and from a cellular or mobile device in
guaranteed bandwidth, and MPLS provisions (reserves) a fixed a carrier network. The expected high volume of call sessions
amount of bandwidth to meet bandwidth needs. Although and the functionality needed will require that gateways be
MPLS is an established method of ensuring bandwidth carrier-class, high-end servers with high network bandwidth
availability, other methods are available. For example, ATM connections to the cellular base equipment.
and the Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) can be used to
Media Servers
pre-provision paths in the network and ensure QoS.
In IMS networks, media servers are known as Media Resource
Gateways Function Processors (MRFPs) and Media Resource Function
Controllers (MRFCs). Regardless of what they are called, media
A gateway is a node on a network that serves as an entrance
servers provide access to media processing resources when a
to another network. PC-based users may use gateways as
client application requests them. The media can be a simple
proxy servers that direct traffic to a service provider network. “busy signal” or “extension is no longer in service” message or
Services can include delivering a simple web page or a a complex video stream or video conference. The requesting
complex conference involving several participants in a video client can be a video-enabled IP phone, traditional PC, or a 3G
call. In 2.5G and 3G cellular networks, gateways provide inter- phone set. Because 3G and mobile network implementations
working between cellular phones and VoIP, PSTN, and IP and IMS standards are still emerging, the exact functionality
content. Gateway inter-working functions include negotiating provided by a media server varies; however, convergence is
picture size and translating or transcoding audio and video to coming quickly.
a format supported at the endpoints.
Media servers can use any one of a number of standards-based
In addition to inter-working functions, a 3G video gateway implementations to support the delivery of media to a PC-based
is responsible for the composition and decomposition of endpoint. Apple’s QuickTime and RealNetworks RealPlayer
traffic headed to and from a cellular handset. For video, the are two popular media server implementations in the PC end-
composition function (multiplexing) is the blending of audio user market today. The relatively new Microsoft Windows
®

and visual packets from the network into a single stream for Media Player 10 Series provides streaming capabilities,
®

delivery to the wireless handheld. Decomposition (de-muxing) utilizing bandwidth management techniques that seem likely
is the process of separating the video and audio received from to increase its presence as a streaming server. Streaming to
3G endpoints adds complexity to an implementation because
the wireless handheld into separate packet streams for delivery
media streams must be transcoded into a format that is
through the network.
supported by the mobile network and endpoint. 3GPP Release
Composing and decomposing media streams at the gateway 4 and beyond define media transcoding as a function of the
provides two notable benefits. First, the protocol used to media server.
perform the composing and decomposing resides solely
Because 2.5G and 3G network implementations differ,
in the gateway. No device other than the gateway needs to media servers are required to support additional capabilities.
participate in the composition/decomposition process. The For example, video mail exchanged between 3G and 2.5G
multimedia protocols used can be totally transparent to the cellular users requires media servers to convert H.263-based
rest of the network. Second, decoupling the video and audio messages to MMS messages for delivery to a 2.5G user.
for a multimedia session at the gateway ensures greater Transcoding of multimedia streams and the need to support
interoperability with other devices. For example, video-based different video and audio file formats among cellular endpoints
conference calls can be extended to PSTN phone sets that do has led cellular providers to restrict both the endpoints and
not have video capabilities. network interoperability provided.

10
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

The transcoding of media streams is a key function of video gateways, but a media server can also perform this function.
Performing transcoding in the media server may be more cost-effective for homogenous networks, and enable lower cost, higher
density video gateways to provide connectivity to disparate IP and PSTN networks.

Multimedia Endpoints
A PC is a multimedia endpoint. Embedding video or other forms of multimedia in emails, accessing multimedia content streamed
from web servers, and participating in multimedia PC-hosted meetings are all commonplace today. Recent enhancements to
PDAs, cell phones, and the cellular infrastructure, which supports these devices, are also bringing multimedia to mobile devices.
Because of the adoption of 2.5G and 3G wireless standards, several companies are developing technologies that deliver rich
content in a race to create the latest must-have applications and wireless devices.

Unfortunately, interoperability is an inhibiting factor for wireless multimedia endpoints today. The conditions in the mobile
marketplace currently resemble those in the early years of the PC for the following reasons:

•• Multiple mobile network standards are being used

•• Handset and mobile devices offer differing sets of capabilities
•• Equipment vendors are interpreting standards differently
An increased level of standardization and widespread adoption of these standards is necessary to ensure that the multimedia
services will work across carriers and mobile devices from different vendors.

A brief review of the evolution of the cellular network shows a trend towards mobile devices becoming multimedia endpoints equal
to or exceeding a PC’s capabilities. See Table 2 for a summary.

Network Generation Data Rates Description Standards

1G Separate 9.6 kbps Analog cell phones NMT
external modem designed for voice TACS
AMPS
2G 64 kbps Digital voice plus messaging, GSM
voice mail, and caller ID D-AMPS
PDC
CDMA
2.5G 115.2 kbps Data enhancements to 2G GPRS
HSCSD
3G 144 kbps to 2 Mbps Broadband data and VoIP EDGE
W-CDMA
CDMA2000
Table 2. Cellular Network Characteristics by Generation

11
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

In the First Generation (1G), cellular phones offered basic be combining to create a huge pool of potential subscribers —
analog phone service with data capabilities provided through assuming the right price point can be found.
an external modem. 2G was launched with the definition of the
GSM standard in Europe and D-AMPS and PDC elsewhere. Analysts such as Insight Research foresee a worldwide growth
The GSM standard was patterned after ISDN, with support for of 3G subscribers at a total Compound Average Growth Rate
64 kbps of data. (CAGR) of 46.2% through 2011 [Insight Research, p. 209].
Insight Research’s numbers are conservative since some
With the recent definition of GPRS, packet switching replaced commentators are predicting a growth rate twice as large,
circuit switching in cellular calls. The 2.5G network and 2.5G depending on how quickly the number of subscribers grows in
devices are the first to use packet switching similar to that the world’s largest mobile market, China.
used on the Internet. Because 2.5G cellular devices send
bursts of data only as needed and data exchange does not Although 3G is not a requirement for delivering multimedia
require an entire circuit, the devices can always be ready to content and 2G and 2.5G phones have delivered multimedia
receive and send data. more than adequately for almost a decade, the higher
bandwidth of 3G networks is important for the high-quality
3G cellular service is moving to a converged IP transport video content required for video downloads that last longer
network that handles data, voice, and video. This represents a than a few minutes or for Mobile TV.
shift from voice-centric TDMA services, the focus of previous
cellular generations, to multimedia-centric services. Unlike Once the technology is in place, the critical issue is how much
in circuit-switched networks, cellular bandwidth is only subscribers are willing to pay for video service. The current
consumed when call participants speak. As a result, one trend seems to be a subscription fee that allows unlimited
circuit can support multiple conversations and meet the needs viewing that is added to the monthly wireless bill. In the
of the latest multimedia applications. USA, rates are averaging $4 to $15 per month. Alternatively,
multimedia is being included in an “unlimited” monthly plan for
A paradigm shift has occurred. Data access is no longer an
US$99. As was discussed earlier in this paper, some providers
adjunct function, but part of a feature set that supports a rich
have been achieving success with reformatted broadcast
multimedia communications experience. 3G cellular phones
TV programming, news, and sports. Since technology is
promise to provide a multimedia user experience that is always
progressing rapidly to allow high-quality content to be delivered
on, easily transported, and universally reachable.
in a consistent, portable manner, it is not surprising that Insight
Market Outlook Research predicts a worldwide CAGR of 70.1% for wireless
residential video telephony service worldwide through 2011
Both technology innovation and marketing ingenuity are clearly
with the greatest growth in North America (285.4% CAGR)
moving forward in the mobile marketplace. The stumbling block
where revenue is currently the lowest of all regions [Insight,
for equipment vendors and network operators is finding the
p. 227].
application that will excite “must-have” customer demand and
combine the daily usage model of broadcast television with the Insight Research also predicts robust growth through 2011
ubiquity of mobile phones. A massive adoption of multimedia for audio/video streaming services with a total CAGR of 68.7%
services would require a major network infrastructure worldwide [Insight, p. 250].
expansion, but the increased monthly ARPU for operators as
users consume hour after hour of video content could make Dialogic in Multimedia
the infrastructure investment pay handsome rewards.
Dialogic has a history of delivering innovative technology
Although the promise of individualized, mobile video for Enhanced and Value-Added Services. Dialogic’s media
technology has been enticing speculation and investment for processing and signaling products form the foundation for
two decades, two essentials have been missing: a winning mobile applications worldwide — from advanced Ring Back
business model and an enthusiastic subscriber base. The good Tone solutions to emerging video portals. Dialogic partners use
news is that the availability of multimedia-enabled handsets Dialogic components based on open standards to develop
®

and a new generation of technically savvy consumers seem to breakthrough mobile applications.

12
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Today, IMS-compliant, and IMS-enabled technologies are driving many multimedia innovations. The software-based Dialogic IP ®

Media Server supports video as well as the industry-standard interfaces of VoiceXML and MSCML needed for IMS. Advanced
video manipulation, including video conferencing and transcoding, can be delivered for high availability carrier deployments with
the Dialogic Multimedia Platform for AdvancedTCA.
®

Because Dialogic adheres to the goals of open standards in communications technology, its products support advanced coders
and IP and TDM call control standards. Mobile multimedia services appear poised for tremendous growth, and forward-looking
Dialogic products are ready for use in delivering these exciting services.

References
[CTIA] CTIA figures reported by Joseph Palenchar in “Cellular Penetration Hits Record Despite Net-New Subs Drop”
(TWICE, 11/5/2007) at http://www.twice.com/article/CA6497408.html. See also CTIA filing with the FCC at
http://files.ctia.org/pdf/080108_US-OECD_10_Comparison_Ex_Parte.pdf.

[Economist] The Economist Pocket World in Figures 2007 Edition. London: Profile Books, 2006.

[Insight] IP-Based Application Services Market 2006-2011. The Insight Research Corporation (November 2006).

[In-Stat] Figures quoted in In-Stat press release “Global Broadband Subscriber Base to Nearly Double by 2011” at
http://www.instat.com/press.asp?Sku=IN0703510MBS&ID=2016.

[Mortensen] Interview with Mark Mortensen in Rich Grigonis, “VPIsystems on ‘WiFi Band-Aids’ for Cellular Networks,”
October 29, 2007 at http://www.tmcnet.com/wifirevolution/articles/13410-vpisystems-wifi-band-aids-cellular-networks.htm.

13
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Acronyms
1G First Generation

2G Second Generation

3G Third Generation

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2

AdvancedTCA Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture

AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service

ARPU Average Revenue Per User

ATCA Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

AVC Advanced Video Coding

CAGA Compound Average Growth Rate

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000

CDMA2000 1X First CDMA2000 standard

CDMA2000 1xEV EVolution (EV) of CDMA2000 1X

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 1X-EVolution-Data Optimized

CDMA2000 1xEV-DV EVolution-Data and Voice

CDMA2000 1XRTT One-Carrier Radio Transmission Technology

CDMA3xRTT Three-Carrier Radio Transmission Technology

D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service

DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

DSL Digital Subscriber Loop

DTM Dual Transfer Mode

DVB-H Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld

DVB-IPDC DVB-IP Datacast

DVD Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc

14
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Acronyms (continued)
DVG-T Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial

EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

FTA Free-to-Air

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM Global System for Mobile communications

GSMA Global System for Mobile communications Association

HSCSD High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data

HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol

IM Instant Messaging

IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem

IP Internet Protocol

ISDB-T Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

IVVR Interactive Voice/Video Response

IVR Interactive Voice Response

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group

MediaFLO Media Forward Link Only

MMS Multimedia Messaging Service

MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group

MPLS MultiProtocol Label Switching

MRFC Media Resource Function Controller

MRFP Media Resource Function Processor

NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone

NSP Network Service Provider

OMA IMPS Open Mobile Alliance Instant Messaging and Presence Service

PC Personal Computer

15
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

Acronyms (continued)
PDA Personal Digital Assistant

PDC Personal Digital Cellular

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PTT Push-to-Talk

PTV Push-to-Video (also P2video)

QoS Quality of Service

SS7 Signaling System 7

RSVP Resource reSerVation Protocol

RTP Real-time Transport Protocol

RTCP Real Time Control Protocol

RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol

S-DMB Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

SIP Session Initiation Protocol

SMS Short Message Service

SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

TACS Total Access Communications System

T-DMB Terrestrial-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

UHF Ultra High Frequency

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

W-CDMA Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access

VCEG Video Coding Experts Group

VHF Very High Frequency

VoIP Voice over IP

VS Video Share

XMPP eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

16
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

White Paper
An Introduction to Multimedia Services

For More Information

Find the latest information about the Dialogic products mentioned in this paper by visiting the Dialogic website at
www.dialogic.com. You can also subscribe to Dialogic View, a monthly newsletter that provides the latest news about Dialogic
®

technology and products.

17
 Compiled by AIGETOA Chennai ( www.aigetoachtd.org )

Small Logo

www.dialogic.com

Dialogic Corporation
9800 Cavendish Blvd., 5th floor
Montreal, Quebec
CANADA H4M 2V9

INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH DIALOGIC® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN A SIGNED AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND DIALOGIC, DIALOGIC ASSUMES NO
LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND DIALOGIC DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF DIALOGIC PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR
WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT OF A THIRD PARTY.

Dialogic is a registered trademark of Dialogic Corporation. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows Media are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the United
States and/or other countries. Other names of actual companies and products mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners. Dialogic encourages all
users of its products to procure all necessary intellectual property licenses required to implement their concepts or applications, which licenses may vary from country
to country.

Dialogic’s trademarks may be used publicly only with permission from Dialogic. Such permission may only be granted by Dialogic’s legal department at the address listed
above. Any authorized use of Dialogic’s trademarks will be subject to full respect of the trademark guidelines published by Dialogic from time to time and any use of
Dialogic’s trademarks requires proper acknowledgement.

Dialogic may make changes to specifications, product descriptions, and plans at any time, without notice.

Copyright © 2008 Dialogic Corporation All rights reserved. 05/08 9734-02