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    Vessel Heat Loss

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    akisdassas
    1) The document calculates the thermal losses of a cylindrical vessel with spherical heads through determining the thermal resistance of the shell and heads. 2) The total thermal loss is calculated as the sum of the losses through the shell and heads, where the resistance of each is calculated based on the vessel geometry, material properties, and surrounding air conditions. 3) The input data and calculations verify that the selected initial and external temperatures result in consistent temperature profiles through the shell and heads based on the calculated heat losses and thermal resistances.

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    Vessel Heat Loss

    Uploaded by

    akisdassas
    148 views2 pages
    1) The document calculates the thermal losses of a cylindrical vessel with spherical heads through determining the thermal resistance of the shell and heads. 2) The total thermal loss is calculated as the sum of the losses through the shell and heads, where the resistance of each is calculated based on the vessel geometry, material properties, and surrounding air conditions. 3) The input data and calculations verify that the selected initial and external temperatures result in consistent temperature profiles through the shell and heads based on the calculated heat losses and thermal resistances.

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    VESSEL HEAT LOSS

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    1) The document calculates the thermal losses of a cylindrical vessel with spherical heads through determining the thermal resistance of the shell and heads. 2) The total thermal loss is calculated as the sum of the losses through the shell and heads, where the resistance of each is calculated based on the vessel geometry, material properties, and surrounding air conditions. 3) The input data and calculations verify that the selected initial and external temperatures result in consistent temperature profiles through the shell and heads based on the calculated heat losses and thermal resistances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    148 views2 pages

    Vessel Heat Loss

    Uploaded by

    akisdassas
    1) The document calculates the thermal losses of a cylindrical vessel with spherical heads through determining the thermal resistance of the shell and heads. 2) The total thermal loss is calculated as the sum of the losses through the shell and heads, where the resistance of each is calculated based on the vessel geometry, material properties, and surrounding air conditions. 3) The input data and calculations verify that the selected initial and external temperatures result in consistent temperature profiles through the shell and heads based on the calculated heat losses and thermal resistances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
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    CALCULATIONS OF THERMAL LOSSES IN CYLINDRICAL VESSEL WITH (TORI)SPHERICAL HEADS

    Calculations per VDI - Heat Atlas


    Total thermal losses consist of thermal losses on shell and thermal losses on heads. Qtotal = Qshell + Qheads
    Qshell = (θ1 - θ3) / Rtotal ; Rtotal = 1/L { ( ln(R2/R1)/2πλ2 + ln(R3/R2)/2πλ3 + 1/2πR3a3 ) }
    Qheads = (θ1-θ3) / Rtotal ; Rtotal = (1/4πλ2)(1/R1-1/R2) + (1/4πλ3)(1/R2- 1/R3)+ 1/4πR3²a3
    Torispherical Heads shall are considered spheres with radius = crown radius. Vessel is considered with 2 heads.
    A standard simplified uniform thickness vessel is considered, with uniform insulation thickness.

    Geometry Input data:


    Vessel Diameter: D= 3300.00 mm (inside)
    Vessel Length: L= 3600.00 mm (tan-tan)
    Vessel Thickness: s2 = 16.00 mm
    Insulation Thickn.: s3 = 65.00 mm
    Head Crown Radius: R = 2970.00 mm (inside)

    Shell & Heads Temperature Profile


    θ1 = 35.00 °C
    θs1 = 35.00 °C
    θs2 = 35.00 °C (assumed at first)
    θs3 = 23.75 °C (assumed at first)
    θ3 = -10.00 °C (worst enironment)

    Surrounding Air Data (VDI Heat atlas part Db 15)


    Air speed: w= 33.00 m/sec
    Air conductivity * : λ= 0.02456 W/mK
    Prandtl number * : Pr = 0.7171
    * at θm = (θs3 + θ3) / 2 = 6.88 °C

    Insul. Conductivity: λ3= 0.045 W/mK (ERUP spec's)


    Metal Conductivity λ2= 50.00 W/mK

    Thermal conductivity of air arround cylindrical surface (VDI Heat Atlas, part Ge1, equations 1,2,3,8)
    Characteristic length: l = 0.5 π D / 1000 = 5.18 m
    Reynold's number: Re = w l / λ = 6964.97
    Turbulent flow Nusselt number: Nul,turb = 0.0037 Re 0.8
    Pr / ( 1 + 2.443 Re-0.1 ( Pr2/3 - 1)) = 3.94
    Laminar flow Nusselt number: Nul,lam = 0.664 Pr1/3 * √ Re = 49.60
    Total Nusselt number: Nul,o = 0.3 + √ Nul,lam² + Nul,turb² = 50.06
    Actual Nusselt number: Nul = Nul,o { (θ3+273.16) / (θs3+273.16) } 0.12
    = 49.34
    Thermal conductivity of air: a3 = Nul * λ / l = 0.23 W/m²K

    Thermal conductivity of air on a sperical surface (VDI Heat Atlas, part Ge1, equations 1,2,3,8)
    Characteristic length: l = 2 R / 1000 = 5.94 m
    Reynold's number: Re = w l / λ = 7981.27
    Turbulent flow Nusselt number: Nul,turb = 0.0037 Re0.8 Pr / ( 1 + 2.443 Re-0.1 ( Pr2/3 - 1)) = 4.38
    Laminar flow Nusselt number: Nul,lam = 0.664 Pr1/3 * √ Re = 53.10
    Total Nusselt number: Nul,o = 0.3 + √ Nul,lam² + Nul,turb² = 53.58
    Actual Nusselt number: Nul = Nul,o { (θ3+273.16) / (θs3+273.16) } 0.12 = 52.81
    Thermal conductivity of air: a3 = Nul * λ / l = 0.22 W/m²K

    For cylindrical shell: For spherical shell:


    R1 = 0.5 D / 1000 = 1.6500 m R1 = R / 1000 = 2.9700 m
    R2 = R1 + s2/1000 = 1.6660 m R2 = R1 + s2/1000 = 2.9860 m
    R3 = R2 + s3/1000 = 1.7310 m R3 = R2 + s3/1000 = 3.0510 m

    Total Thermal Resistance for Tank Shell: Rtotal = 0.15 K/W Qshell = 306.40 W
    Total Thermal Resistance for Tank Heads: Rtotal = 0.05 K/W Qheads = 869.16 W

    Verification for pre-selected temperatures:


    Qshell = (θs1 - θs2) / Re1 = (θs2 - θs3) / Re2 = (θs3 - θ3) / Re3
    Re1 = 1/L (ln(R2/R1) / 2πλ2) = 8.53E-06 K/W θs2 = θs1 - Qshell * Re1 = 35.00 °C
    Re2 = 1/L (ln(R3/R2) / 2πλ3) = 3.76E-02 K/W θs3 = θs2 - Qshell * Re2 = 23.48 °C
    Re3 = 1/L ( 1 / 2π R3 a3 ) = 1.09E-01 K/W θ3 = θs3 - Qshell * Re3 = -10.00 °C

    Qheads = (θ1 - θs1) / Re1 = (θs1 - θs2) / Re2 = (θs2 - θs3) / Re3
    Re1 = 1/4πλ2 ( 1/R1 - 1/R2) 2.87E-06 K/W θs2 = θs1 - Qheads * Re1 = 35.00 °C
    Re1 = 1/4πλ3 ( 1/R2 - 1/R3) 1.26E-02 K/W θs3 = θs2 - Qheads * Re2 = 24.03 °C
    Re3 = 1/4πR3² a3 = 3.92E-02 K/W θ3 = θs3 - Qheads * Re3 = -10.00 °C

    Total Heat Loss of Vessel: Q = Q shell + Q roof = 1175.56 W

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