ProgrammingAdvices.
com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Foundations
What is Computer?
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Before we know what is computer?
Let us remember...
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
What is the difference between…
Data Information Knowledge Wisdom
VS VS VS
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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What is computer? Knowledge
Processing
According to Rules
Data Input Output Information
Wisdom
Is an Electronic Device
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Computer Foundations
Computer Functions
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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Functionalities of Computer
Input Data Stores Data Process Data Output Info. Control
Takes data as input. Stores the data/instructions Processes data and Generates Controls all
in its memory and use them convert it to useful Information as previous steps.
when required. information. output.
5
4
3
2
1
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Computer is:
• Electronic Device.
• Operating under the control of instructions.
• Accepts Data (Input).
• Processes Data according to certain rules.
• Produces Information (Output).
• Stores information for future use.
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Foundations
Computer Components
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Components
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Foundations
Software
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Software
System Software: Operating Systems
Windows, Mac OS, Unix, DOS, Linux, Android, …etc
Application Software:
Ms Office, Photoshop, Browsers, …etc
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Foundations
Hardware
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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Hardware
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Foundations
Computer Units
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Units
4
Input
3 5
Primary Memory Central Processing
1 2
Output Secondary Storage
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Units
Central Processing Unit
CPU
Arithmetic
And
Logic Unit
(ALU)
Cache L1 Registers
Input Control Output
Primary Secondary
Memory Storage
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Units - Input
Input
1
Any device that
provides data or
signal to
computer.
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Units - Output
Output
2
Any device used
to communicate
results.
Monitor
Printer Speaker
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Units – Primary Memeory
Primary Memory
Temporary
3 Permanent
Example: It stores the
instructions for the
computer to start up.
RAM & ROM
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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26+ years of experience
Computer Units – Secondary Storage
Secondary Storage
4
Stores data
parentally
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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hundreds of millions or
Computer Units - CPU
even billions of transistors
CPU
Transistor
CPU
5 Known as microprocessor or processor
Transistor is a binary switch
prevents or allows electricity.
It is responsible ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
for all functions
and processes.
Control Unit
Cache & Registers
Central Process Unit (CPU)
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Units
Central Processing Unit
CPU
Arithmetic
And
Logic Unit
(ALU)
Cache L1 Registers
Input Control Output
Primary Secondary
Memory Storage
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Arithmetic and logical Unit - ALU:
• Executes Arithmetic and logical operations.
• Arithmetic calculations (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,
Division).
• Logical Operations ( Compare numbers, letters, characters).
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Control Unit - CU:
• Controls and coordinates computer components.
• Reads data from memory
• Sends data to ALU or register
• Instructs hardware to perform the requested operation
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Cache & Registers:
• Cache is a Highigh-Speed memory inside the CPU chip.
• Registers are Highigher-Speed memory inside the CPU chip.
These are memory locations that can be directly accessible
by processor.
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Foundations
CPU Access to Memory
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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CPU
Instantly available data
Registers
Temporary Simi instantly available data
Makes Access to data much faster
Slow access to data
Memory Types
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
Computer Foundations
Graphics Processing Unit
GPU
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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What is GPU?
• GPU stands for graphics processing unit.
• You'll also see GPUs commonly referred to as graphics cards
or video cards!
• But it is not graphic card, it’s only one part of it.
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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GPU vs CPU
• CPU is designed to handle tasks quickly but are limited in
the concurrency of tasks that can be running.
• A GPU is designed to quickly render high-resolution images
and video concurrently.
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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Computer Foundations
How Computer Deals
with data?
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
32bit operating systems can allocate only 4GB of memory
(2^32 = 4294967296), whereas 64bit ones can allocate a lot
What is 32 vs 64 more (2^64 = 18446744073709551616). So if you have under 4
GB of RAM in your computer, you don’t need a 64-bit CPU, bu
32-bit number has 2^32 possible addresses, if you have 4 GB or more, Then you must have 64 Bit CPU and
or 4,294,967,296. On other side, a 64-bit number’s capacity operating system.
is 2^64, or 18,446,744,073,709,551,616. Comparing ~4
billion bytes (about 4 gigabytes) to ~18 quintillion bytes
(about 18 billion gigabytes or 16 exabytes) showcases the vast
difference.
x64 or x86-64 and 32-bit hardware and software are often
referred to as x86 or x86-32.
•64-bit computer architecture provides higher performance
than 32-bit architecture by handling twice as many bits of
information in the same clock cycle.
•A computer with a 32-bit processor can only run a 32-bit
operating system and 32-bit software. But a computer
with 64-bit processor can run both 64-bit and 32-bit
operating systems and software.
Note: if you have installed 32-bit operating system on a 64-bit
computer, then it can run 32-bit software only. ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
CPUs are built by placing billions of microscopic transistors onto
a single computer chip.
a transistor is a binary switch and the fundamental building block of computer
circuitry. Like a light switch on the wall, the transistor either prevents or allows current
to flow through. A single modern CPU can have hundreds of millions or even billions
of transistors.
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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