19-0001; Rev 2; 8/97

Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with

Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
_______________General Description ____________________________Features

ICL7665
The ICL7665 warns microprocessors (µPs) of overvolt- ♦ µP Over/Undervoltage Warning
age and undervoltage conditions. It draws a typical ♦ Improved Second Source
operating current of only 3µA. The trip points and hys- ♦ Dual Comparator with Precision Internal Reference
teresis of the two voltage detectors are individually pro-
grammed via external resistors to any voltage greater ♦ 3µA Operating Current
than 1.3V. The ICL7665 will operate from any supply ♦ 2% Threshold Accuracy (ICL7665A)
voltage in the 1.6V to 16V range, while monitoring volt- ♦ 1.6V to 16V Supply Voltage Range
ages from 1.3V to several hundred volts. The Maxim
♦ On-Board Hysteresis Outputs
ICL7665A is an improved version with a 2%-accurate
V SET1 threshold and guaranteed performance over ♦ Externally Programmable Trip Points
temperature. ♦ Monolithic, Low-Power CMOS Design
The 3µA quiescent current of the ICL7665 makes it
ideal for voltage monitoring in battery-powered sys-
tems. In both battery- and line-powered systems, the ______________Ordering Information
unique combination of a reference, two comparators,
and hysteresis outputs reduces the size and compo- PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
nent count of many circuits. ICL7665CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
ICL7665ACPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
________________________Applications ICL7665BCPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
µP Voltage Monitoring ICL7665CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
Low-Battery Detection ICL7665ACSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
Power-Fail and Brownout Detection ICL7665BCSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
ICL7665CJA 0°C to +70°C 8 CERDIP
Battery Backup Switching
ICL7665ACJA 0°C to +70°C 8 CERDIP
Power-Supply Fault Monitoring
ICL7665BCJA 0°C to +70°C 8 CERDIP
Over/Undervoltage Protection Ordering Information continued on last page.
High/Low Temperature, Pressure, Voltage Alarms

_________________Pin Configurations

TOP VIEW

OUT1 1 8 V+
__________Typical Operating Circuit HYST1 2 7 OUT2
ICL7665
SET1 3 6 SET2
VIN1 V+ VIN2
GND 4 5 HYST2
8
OVERVOLTAGE UNDERVOLTAGE
DETECTION 1 OUT1 V+ DETECTION
OUT2 7 DIP/SO
NMI
V+ (CASE)
8
ICL7665 OUT1 OUT2
1 7
3 6
SET1 SET2
GND HYST1 2 6 SET2
ICL7665
4
SET1 3 5 HYST2
4
GND
SIMPLE THRESHOLD DETECTOR TO-99

________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1

For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800.
For small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468.
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ICL7665

Supply Voltage (Note 1) .........................................-0.3V to +18V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
Output Voltages OUT1 and OUT2 Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/°C above +70°C) ............727mW
(with respect to GND) (Note 1) ..........................-0.3V to +18V SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C) ........................471mW
Output Voltages HYST1 and HYST2 CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C) ................640mW
(with respect to V+) (Note 1) .............................+0.3V to -18V TO-99 (derate 6.67mW/°C above +70°C) ...................533mW
Input Voltages SET1 and SET2 Operating Temperature Ranges
(Note 1)........................................(GND - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V) ICL7665C_ _.......................................................0°C to +70°C
Maximum Sink Output Current ICL7665I_ _ .....................................................-20°C to +85°C
OUT1 and OUT2.............................................................25mA ICL7665E_ _....................................................-40°C to +85°C
Maximum Source Output Current Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C
HYST1 and HYST2 ........................................................-25mA Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C

Note 1: Due to the SCR structure inherent in the CMOS process used to fabricate these devices, connecting any terminal to volt-
ages greater than (V+ + 0.3V) or less than (GND - 0.3V) may cause destructive latchup. For this reason, we recommend
that inputs from external sources that are not operating from the same power supply not be applied to the device before its
supply is established, and that in multiple supply systems, the supply to the ICL7665 be turned on first. If this is not possi-
ble, currents into inputs and/or outputs must be limited to ±0.5mA and voltages must not exceed those defined above.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
TA = +25°C 1.6 16
ICL7665
TA = TMIN to TMIN 1.8 16
Operating Supply Voltage V+ ICL7665A TA = TMIN to TMIN 2.0 16 V
TA = +25°C 1.6 10
ICL7665B
TA = TMIN to TMIN 1.8 10
ICL7665, V+ = 2V 2.5 10
GND ≤ VSET1, TA = +25°C;
V+ = 9V 2.6 10
VSET2 ≤ V+, ICL7665A,
Supply Current I+ TA = TMIN to TMAX V+ = 15V 2.9 15 µA
all outputs open
circuit ICL7665B, V+ = 2V 2.5 10
TA = +25°C V+ = 9V 2.6 10
VSET1 1.150 1.300 1.450
ICL7665, ICL7665B, TA = +25°C
VSET2 1.200 1.300 1.400
VSET1 1.275 1.300 1.325
Input Trip Voltage VSET ICL7665A, TA = +25°C V
VSET2 1.225 1.300 1.375
VSET1 1.250 1.300 1.350
ICL7665A, TA = TMIN to TMAX
VSET2 1.215 1.300 1.385
VSET Tempco 100 ppm/°C
Supply Voltage Sensitivity
ROUT1, ROUT2, RHYST1, RHYST2 = 1MΩ 0.004 %/V
of VSET1, VSET2

2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

ICL7665
(V+ = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
All grades, VSET = 0V or OUT1, OUT2 10 200
VSET ≥ 2V, TA = +25°C HYST1, HSYT2 -10 -100
ICL7665, ICL7665A, OUT1, OUT2 2000
Output Leakage Current IOLK,
V+ = 15V, nA
IHLK
TA = TMIN to TMAX HYST1, HSYT2 -500

ICL7665B, V+ = 9V, OUT1, OUT2 2000

TA = TMIN to TMAX HYST1, HSYT2 -500
ICL7665, ICL7665B: V+ = 2V 0.20 0.50
ICL7665A: V+ = 2V 0.20
VOUT1 Saturation VSET1 = 2V,
All grades: V+ = 5V 0.10 0.30 V
Voltage IOUT1 = 2mA
ICL7665, ICL7665A: V+ = 15V 0.06 0.20
ICL7665B: V+ = 9V 0.06 0.25
All grades: V+ = 2V -0.15 -0.30
VHYST1 Saturation VSET1 = 2V, All grades: V+ = 5V -0.05 -0.15
V
Voltage IHYST1 = -0.5mA ICL7665, ICL665A: V+ = 15V -0.02 -0.10
ICL7665B: V+ = 9V -0.02 -0.15
All grades: V+ = 2V 0.20 0.50
VOUT2 Saturation VSET2 = 0V, All grades: V+ = 5V 0.15 0.30
V
Voltage IOUT2 = 2mA ICL7665, ICL665A: V+ = 15V 0.11 0.25
ICL7665B: V+ = 9V 0.11 0.30
VSET2 = 2V,
All grades: V+ = 2V -0.25 -0.80
IHYST2 = -0.2mA

VHYST2 Saturation All grades: V+ = 5V -0.43 -1.00

V
Voltage VSET2 = 2V, ICL7665: V+ = 15V -0.35 -0.80
IHYST2 = -0.5mA ICL7665A: V+ = 15V -0.35 -1.00
ICL7665B: V+ = 9V -0.35 -1.00
VSET Input Leakage
ISET GND ≤ VSET ≤ V+ ±0.01 ±10 nA
Current

VSET Input Change for

ROUT = 4.7kΩ, RHYST = 20kΩ,
Complete Output ∆VSET 0.1 mV
VOUTLO = 1% V+, VOUTHI = 99% V+
Change
Difference in Trip VSET1–
ROUT, RHYST = 1MΩ ±5 ±50 mV
Voltage VSET2
Output/Hysteresis
ROUT, RHYST = 1MΩ ±0.1 mV
Difference

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
AC OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
ICL7665

(V+ = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
tSO1d 85
tSH1d VSET switched from 1.0V to 1.6V, 90
Output Delay Time,
ROUT = 4.7kΩ, CL = 12pF, µs
Input Going High tSO2d 55
RHYST = 20kΩ
tSH2d 55
tSO1d 75
tSH1d VSET switched from 1.6V to 1.0V, 80
Output Delay Time,
ROUT = 4.7kΩ, CL = 12pF, µs
Input Going Low tSO2d 60
RHYST = 20kΩ
tSH2d 60
tO1r 0.6
tO2r VSET switched between 1.0V and 1.6V, 0.8
Output Rise Times ROUT = 4.7kΩ, CL = 12pF, µs
tH1r RHYST = 20kΩ 7.5
tH2r 0.7
tO1f 0.6
tO2f VSET switched between 1.0V and 1.6V, 0.7
Output Fall Times ROUT = 4.7kΩ, CL = 12pF, µs
tH1f RHYST = 20kΩ 4.0
tH2f 1.8

_______________________________________________________Switching Waveforms

1.6V
INPUT VSET1,VSET2
1.0V
t SO1d
t SO1d V+ (5V)
OUT1
GND
t O1f t O1r
t SH1d V+ (5V)
HYST1
GND
t H1r t SH1d t H1f
t SO2d t SO2d
V+ (5V)
OUT2
GND
t O2r t O2f
V+ (5V)
t SH2d
HYST2
t SH2d GND

t H2r t H2f

4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics

ICL7665
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

OUT1 SATURATION VOLTAGE AS A SUPPLY CURRENT AS A SUPPLY CURRENT AS A

FUNCTION OF SUPPLY VOLTAGE FUNCTION OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT
2.0 5.0 5.0

ICL7665-02

ICL7665-03
0V ≤ VSET1, VSET2 ≤ V+ 0V ≤ VSET1, VSET2 ≤ V+
ICL7665-01 4.5
V+ = 2V 4.5
V+ = 15V
4.0 4.0
VOLTAGE SATURATION (V)

1.5 3.5 3.5 V+ = 9V

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)

TA = -20°C
V+ = 5V
3.0 3.0
V+ = 9V TA = +25°C
1.0 2.5 2.5
V+ = 15V TA = +70°C
2.0 2.0
1.5 1.5
0.5 V+ = 2V
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5

0 0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 -20 0 20 40 60
IOUT OUT1 (mA) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)

HYST1 OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE HYST2 OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE OUT2 SATURATION VOLTAGE AS A
vs. HYST1 OUTPUT CURRENT vs. HYST2 OUTPUT CURRENT FUNCTION OF OUTPUT CURRENT
0 0 2.0

ICL7665-06
ICL7665-04

ICL7665-05
HYST1 OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

HYST2 OUTPUT SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

-0.4 -1
V+ = 15V 1.5
VOLTAGE SATURATION (V)

V+ = 2V
V+ = 15V V+ = 5V
-0.8 -2 V+ = 9V V+ = 9V
V+ = 5V 1.0 V+ = 15V
V+ = 9V
-1.2 -3

V+ = 5V V+ = 2V 0.5
-1.6 -4 V+ = 2V

-2.0 -5 0
-20 -16 -12 -8 -4 0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 0 5 10 15 20
HYST1 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) HYST2 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) IOUT OUT2 (mA)

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
ICL7665

V+
4.7k

OUT1
HYST1

1 V+ 8 4.7k
OUT1

2 HYST1 ICL7665 OUT2 7 OUT2

INPUT 3 SET1 SET2 6

4 GND HSYT2 5 HSYT2

1.6V
1.0V
20k 20k 12pF 12pF 12pF 12pF

Figure 1. Test Circuit

_______________Detailed Description
As shown in the block diagram of Figure 2, the Maxim V+
ICL7665 combines a 1.3V reference with two com-
parators, two open-drain N-channel outputs, and two SET1 HYST1
open-drain P-channel hysteresis outputs. The refer-
ence and comparator are very low-power linear CMOS
circuits, with a total operating current of 10µA maxi- OUT1
mum, 3µA typical. The N-channel outputs can sink
greater than 10mA, but are unable to source any cur-
rent. These outputs are suitable for wire-OR connections 1.3V
and are capable of driving TTL inputs when an external BANDGAP
pull-up resistor is added. REFERENCE TO V+

The ICL7665 Truth Table is shown in Table 1. OUT1 is

an inverting output; all other outputs are noninverting.
HYST1 and HYST2 are P-channel current sources HYST2
whose sources are connected to V+. OUT1 and OUT2
are N-channel current sinks with their sources connect-
SET2
ed to ground. Both OUT1 and OUT2 can drive at least OUT2
one TTL load with a VOL of 0.4V.

Table 1. ICL7665 Truth Table

INPUT* OUTPUT HYSTERESIS

VSET1 > 1.3V OUT1 = ON = LOW HYST1 = ON = HI Figure 2. Block Diagram

VSET1 < 1.3V OUT1 = OFF = HI HYST1 = OFF = LOW

In spite of the very low operating current, the ICL7665
VSET2 > 1.3V OUT2 = OFF = HI HYST2 = ON = HI
has a typical propagation delay of only 75µs. Since the
VSET2 < 1.3V OUT2 = ON = LOW HYST2 = OFF = LOW comparator input bias current and the output leakages
are very low, high-impedance external resistors can be
OUT1 is an inverting output; all others are noninverting. OUT1
used. This design feature minimizes both the total sup-
and OUT2 are open-drain, N-channel current sinks. HYST1
ply current used and loading on the voltage source that
and HYST2 are open-drain, P-channel current sinks.
is being monitored.
* See Electrical Characteristics

6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection

ICL7665
VIN1 V+ VIN2
VIN1 V+ VIN2

OUT1 OUT2
OUT1 OUT2
R21 R22
R21 R22
R31 ICL7665 R32
ICL7665 HYST2
HYST1

SET1 SET2
SET1 SET2
R11 R12
R11 R12

V+
OUT1
OUT1 0V
VL1 VU1
VIN1 VIN1
VTRIP1 V+
OUT2 OUT2
VIN2 VTRIP2 0V
VL2 VU2
VIN2

Figure 3. Simple Threshold Detector Figure 4. Threshold Detector with Hysteresis

Basic Over/Undervoltage the difference between the upper and lower trip points)
Detection Circuits keeps noise or small variations in the input signal from
Figures 3, 4, and 5 show the three basic voltage detec- repeatedly switching the output when the input signal
tion circuits. remains near the trip point for a long period of time.
The simplest circuit, depicted in Figure 3, does not The third basic circuit, Figure 5, is suitable only when the
have any hysteresis. The comparator trip-point formulas voltage to be detected is also the power-supply voltage for
can easily be derived by observing that the comparator the ICL7665. This circuit has the advantage that all of the
changes state when the VSET input is 1.3V. The exter- current flowing through the input divider resistors flows
nal resistors form a voltage divider that attenuates the through the hysteresis resistor. This allows the use of
input signal. This ensures that the VSET terminal is at higher-value resistors, without hysteresis output leakage
1.3V when the input voltage is at the desired compara- having an appreciable effect on the trip point.
tor trip point. Since the bias current of the comparator
is only a fraction of a nanoamp, the current in the volt- Resistor-Value Calculations
age divider can be less than one microamp without los- Figure 3
ing accuracy due to bias currents. The ICL7665A has a 1) Choose a value for R11. This value determines the
2% threshold accuracy at +25°C, and a typical temper- amount of current flowing though the input divider,
ature coefficient of 100ppm/°C including comparator equal to VSET / R11. R11 can typically be in the
offset drift, eliminating the need for external poten- range of 10kΩ to 10MΩ.
tiometers in most applications. 2) Calculate R21 based on R11 and the desired trip
Figure 4 adds another resistor to each voltage detector. point:
This third resistor supplies current from the HYST out-
put whenever the VSET input is above the 1.3V thresh-
old. As the formulas show, this hysteresis resistor
affects only the lower trip point. Hysteresis (defined as (
VTRIP – VSET VTRIP – 1.3V
R21 = R11 ——————— = R11 ——————
VSET 1.3V ) ( )
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
Figure 5
ICL7665

VIN
1) Select a value for R11, usually between 10kΩ and
10MΩ.
R31 R32 2) Calculate R21:
V+

R21
HYST1

ICL7665
HYST2

R22
(
VL – VSET
R21 = R11 ——————
VSET ) (
VL – 1.3V
= R11 —————
1.3 )
SET1 SET2
3) Calculate R31:
OVERVOLTAGE UNDERVOLTAGE

R11
OUT1
GND
OUT2
R12
R31 = R11 —————(
VU – VL
VSET )
4) As in the other circuits, all three resistor values may
be scaled up or down in value without changing VU
and VL. VU and VL depend only on the ratio of the
OUT1 three resistors, if the absolute values are such that
the hysteresis output resistance and the leakage
VL1 VU1 currents of the VSET input and hysteresis output can
OUT2
be ignored.

VL2 VU2
__________Applications Information
VIN
Fault Monitor for a Single Supply
Figure 6 shows a typical over/undervoltage fault monitor
Figure 5. Threshold Detector, VIN = V+
for a single supply. In this case, the upper trip points (con-
trolling OUT1) are centered on 5.5V, with 100mV of hys-
teresis (VU = 5.55V, VL = 5.45V); and the lower trip points
Figure 4 (controlling OUT2) are centered on 4.5V, also with 100mV
1) Choose a resistor value for R11. Typical values are of hysteresis. OUT1 and OUT2 are connected together in
in the 10kΩ to 10MΩ range. a wire-OR configuration to generate a power-OK signal.
2) Calculate R21 for the desired upper trip point, VU,
using the formula: Multiple-Supply Fault Monitor
The ICL7665 can simultaneously monitor several power

(
VU - VSET VU – 1.3V
R21 = R11 —————— = R11 —————
VSET 1.3V ) ( ) supplies, as shown in Figure 7. The easiest way to calculate
the resistor values is to note that when the VSET input is at
the trip point (1.3V), the current through R11 is 1.3V / R11.
3) Calculate R31 for the desired amount of hysteresis: The sum of the currents through R21A, R21B and R31 must
(R21) (V+ – VSET) (R21) (V+ – 1.3V) equal this current when the two input voltages are at the
R31 = ————————— = ————————— desired low-voltage detection point. Ordinarily, R21A and
VU – VL VU – VL R21B are chosen so that the current through the two resis-
or, if V+ = VIN: tors is equal. Note that, since the voltage at the ICL7665
VSET input depends on the voltage of both supplies being
(R21) (VL – VSET) (R21) (VL – 1.3V) monitored, there will be some interaction between the low-
R31 = ————————— = ————————— voltage trip points for the two supplies. In this example,
VU – VL VU – VL OUT1 will go low when either supply is 10% below nominal
4) The trip voltages are not affected by the absolute (assuming the other supply is at the nominal voltage), or
value of the resistors, as long as the impedances when both supplies are 5% or more below their nominal
are high enough that the resistance of R31 is voltage. R31 sets the hysteresis, in this case, to about 43mV
much greater than the HYST output’s resistance, at the 5V supply or 170mV at the 15V supply. The second
and the current through R31 is much higher than section of ICL7665 can be used to detect overvoltage or, as
the HYST output’s leakage current. Normally, R31 shown in Figure 7, can be used to detect the absence of
will be in the 100kΩ to 22MΩ range. Multiplying or negative supplies. Note that the trip points for OUT2 depend
dividing all three resistors by the same factor will on both the voltages of the negative power supplies and
not affect the trip voltages. the actual voltage of the +5V supply.

8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
Combination Low-Battery Warning and exceeds 10.2V. When the 110V AC power-line voltage

ICL7665
Low-Battery Disconnect is either interrupted or reduced so that the peak voltage
Nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries are excellent recharge- is less than 10.2V, C1 will be charged through R1.
able power sources for portable equipment, but care OUT2, the power-fail warning output, goes high when
must be taken to ensure that NiCd batteries are not the voltage on C1 reaches 1.3V. The time constant R1 x
damaged by overdischarge. Specifically, a NiCd battery C1 determines the delay time before the power-fail warning
should not be discharged to the point where the polarity signal is activated, in this case 42ms or 21⁄2 line cycles.
of the lowest-capacity cell is reversed, and that cell is Optional components R2, R3 and Q1 add hysteresis by
reverse charged by the higher-capacity cells. This reverse increasing the peak secondary voltage required to dis-
charging will dramatically reduce the life of a NiCd battery. charge C1 once the power-fail warning is active.
The Figure 8 circuit both prevents reverse charging and
gives a low-battery warning. A typical low-battery warning Battery Switchover Circuit
voltage is 1V per cell. Since a NiCd “9V” battery is ordi- The circuit in Figure 11 performs two functions: switch-
narily made up of six cells with a nominal voltage of 7.2V, ing the power supply of a CMOS memory to a backup
a low-battery warning of 6V is appropriate, with a small battery when the line-powered supply is turned off, and
hysteresis of 100mV. To prevent overdischarge of a bat- lighting a low-battery-warning LED when the backup
tery, the load should be disconnected when the battery battery is nearly discharged. The PNP transistor, Q1,
voltage is 1V x (N – 1), where N = number of cells. In this connects the line-powered +5V to the CMOS memory
case, the low-battery load disconnect should occur at whenever the line-powered +5V supply voltage is
5V. Since the battery voltage will rise when the load is greater than 3.5V. The voltage drop across Q1 will only
disconnected, 800mV of hysteresis is used to prevent be a couple of hundred millivolts, since it will be satu-
repeated on/off cycling. rated. Whenever the input voltage falls below 3.5V,
OUT1 goes high, turns off Q1, and connects the 3V
Power-Fail Warning and lithium cell to the CMOS memory.
Power-Up/Power-Down Reset The second voltage detector of the ICL7665 monitors the
Figure 9 illustrates a power-fail warning circuit that voltage of the lithium cell. If the battery voltage falls below
monitors raw DC input voltage to the 7805 three-termi- 2.6V, OUT2 goes low and the low-battery-warning LED
nal 5V regulator. The power-fail warning signal goes turns on (assuming that the +5V is present, of course).
high when the unregulated DC input falls below 8.0V.
When the raw DC power source is disconnected or the Another possible use for the second section of the
AC power fails, the voltage on the input of the 7805 ICL7665 is the detection of the input voltage falling
decays at a rate of IOUT / C (in this case, 200mV/ms). below 4.5V. This signal could then be used to prevent
Since the 7805 will continue to provide a 5V output at the microprocessor from writing spurious data to the
1A until VIN is less than 7.3V, this circuit will give at CMOS memory while its power-supply voltage is out-
least 3.5ms of warning before the 5V output begins to side its guaranteed operating range.
drop. If additional warning time is needed, either the
trip voltage or filter capacitance should be increased, Simple High/Low Temperature Alarm
or the output current should be decreased. The circuit in Figure 12 is a simple high/low tempera-
ture alarm, which uses a low-cost NPN transistor as the
The ICL7665 OUT2 is set to trip when the 5V output has sensor and an ICL7665 as the high/low detector. The
decayed to 3.9V. This output can be used to prevent NPN transistor and potentiometer R1 form a Vbe multi-
the microprocessor from writing spurious data to a plier whose output voltage is determined by the Vbe of
CMOS battery-backup memory, or can be used to acti- the transistor and the position of R1’s wiper arm. The
vate a battery-backup system. voltage at the top of R1 will have a temperature coeffi-
AC Power-Fail and Brownout Detector cient of approximately -5mV/°C. R1 is set so that the
By monitoring the secondary of the transformer, the cir- voltage at VSET2 equals the VSET2 trip voltage when the
cuit in Figure 10 performs the same power-failure warn- temperature of the NPN transistor reaches the level
ing function as Figure 9. With a normal 110V AC input selected for the high-temperature alarm. R2 can be
to the transformer, OUT1 will discharge C1 every adjusted so that the voltage at VSET1 is 1.3V when the
16.7ms when the peak transformer secondary voltage NPN transistor’s temperature reaches the low-tempera-
ture limit.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
ICL7665

+5V SUPPLY
+5V
HYST2 V+
R21A
274k HYST1
V+ 100k
HYST1 HYST2 +5V R31
22M
22M
324k 13M 249k ICL7665
7.5M
5% ICL7665 5% SET2 SET1
R21B
1.02M R11 OUT2 OUT1 301k 787k
SET1 SET2 +15V
OVERVOLTAGE UNDERVOLTAGE 49.9k
+5V
DETECTOR 100k OUT1 OUT2 100k DETECTOR
VU ≈ 5.55V VU ≈ 4.55V -5V -15V
VL ≈ 5.45V VL ≈ 4.45V
POWER OK
POWER OK

Figure 6. Fault Monitor for a Single Supply Figure 7. Multiple-Supply Fault Monitor

+5V, 1A
R31 R32 1M 100Ω OUTPUT

V+ V+ OUT1 OUT2
HYST1 HYST2
SENSE
R21 R22
ICL7665 ICL7663
SET1 SET2 SHDN SET

R11 R12
OUT1 GND OUT2 GND

LOW-BATTERY WARNING
LOW-BATTERY SHUTDOWN

Figure 8. Low-Battery Warning and Low-Battery Disconnect

UNREGULATED 5V, 1A
5V, 1A 7805
DC INPUT OUTPUT 20V CENTER
7805 4700µF 5V REGULATOR
5V REGULATOR 10VAC TAPPED TRANS
4700µF 470µF 60Hz
BACK-UP
BATTERY +5V
V+
V+ HYST1 HYST2
HYST1 HYST2
681k R1
5.6M 22M
ICL7665
715k ICL7665 2.2M
SET1 SET2
SET1 SET2
R2
RESET OUT1 OUT2
130k 1M 100k 1M
OR
OUT1 OUT2 WRITE R3
ENABLE 1M C1
Q1
POWER-FAIL
WARNING
POWER-FAIL WARNING

Figure 9. Power-Fail Warning and Power-Up/Power-Down Reset Figure 10. AC Power-Fail and Brownout Detector

10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection

ICL7665
LINE-POWERED Q1 VCC TO
+5V INPUT CMOS
MEMORY
100k 1µF

1k

2N7000 2N4393
1M

OUT1 V+

HYST1 HYST2
5.6M 3V
22M 1.15M LITHIUM
ICL7665 1% CELL
2.4M
SET1 SET2

1M 1M
GND OUT2 1%

220Ω

Figure 11. Battery Switchover Circuit

9V

V+
TEMPERATURE HYST2 HYST1
SENSOR
(GENERAL R3 R4 R6 LOW-TEMPERATURE
PURPOSE NPN 470k 22M 22M
ICL7665 LIMIT ADJUST
TRANSISTOR)
SET2 SET1
R5
R1, 1M 27k R7 R2
HIGH- OUT2 OUT1
1.5M 1M ALARM
TEMPERATURE
LIMIT SIGNAL FOR
ADJUSTMENT DRIVING LEDS,
BELLS, ETC.

Figure 12. Simple High/Low Temperature Alarm

______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
 Microprocessor Voltage Monitor with
Dual Over/Undervoltage Detection
_______________________SCR Latchup ___________________Chip Topography
ICL7665

Like all junction-isolated CMOS circuits, the ICL7665 has

an inherent four-layer or SCR structure that can be
V+
triggered into destructive latchup under certain con-
ditions. Avoid destructive latchup by following these
OUT2
precautions:
1) If either VSET terminal can be driven to a voltage
greater than V+ or less than ground, limit the input
current to 500µA maximum. Usually, an input volt-
age divider resistance can be chosen to ensure 0.066"
the input current remains below 500µA, even (1.42mm)
when the input voltage is applied before the OUT1
ICL7665 V+ supply is connected. SET2
2) Limit the rate-of-rise of V+ by using a bypass
capacitor near the ICL7665. Rate-of-rise SCRs HYST2
rarely occur unless: a) the battery has a low
impedance—as is the case with NiCd and lead HYST1 SET1 V-
acid batteries; b) the battery is connected directly
to the ICL7665 or is switched on via a mechanical 0.084"
switch with low resistance; or c) there is little or no (1.63mm)
input filter capacitance near the ICL7665. In line-
powered systems, the rate-of-rise is usually limited
by other factors and will not cause a rate-of-rise
SCR action under normal circumstances. TRANSISTOR COUNT: 38
3) Limit the maximum supply voltage (including tran- SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO V+.
sient spikes) to 18V. Likewise, limit the maximum volt-
age on OUT1 and OUT2 to +18V and the maxi-
mum voltage on HYST1 and HYST2 to 18V below V+.

_Ordering Information (continued)

PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
ICL7665CTV 0°C to +70°C 8 TO-99
ICL7665ACTV 0°C to +70°C 8 TO-99
ICL7665BCTV 0°C to +70°C 8 TO-99
ICL7665AC/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
ICL7665IPA -20°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP
ICL7665IJA -20°C to +85°C 8 CERDIP
ICL7665EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP
ICL7665AEPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP
ICL7665ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
ICL7665AESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
*Contact factory for dice specifications.

Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

12 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600

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