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    Entamoeba Histolytica

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    عائش العمودي
    This document summarizes methods for diagnosing several parasitic infections: - ELISA and PCR methods can detect Entamoeba histolytica antigens and antibodies and differentiate between active and past infections. Molecular PCR methods are highly sensitive and specific. - Tests including ELISA and latex agglutination can detect antibodies for Entamoeba coli. - For Giardia lamblia, ELISA and IFA detect antibodies but cannot differentiate active from past infection. Molecular PCR methods are highly sensitive and specific. - For Trichomonas vaginalis, antigen detection by rapid immunochromatographic test or ELISA is more sensitive than microscopy and indicates recent infection. Molecular PCR methods have high sensitivity and specificity comparable to culture.

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    Entamoeba Histolytica

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    عائش العمودي
    5 views5 pages
    This document summarizes methods for diagnosing several parasitic infections: - ELISA and PCR methods can detect Entamoeba histolytica antigens and antibodies and differentiate between active and past infections. Molecular PCR methods are highly sensitive and specific. - Tests including ELISA and latex agglutination can detect antibodies for Entamoeba coli. - For Giardia lamblia, ELISA and IFA detect antibodies but cannot differentiate active from past infection. Molecular PCR methods are highly sensitive and specific. - For Trichomonas vaginalis, antigen detection by rapid immunochromatographic test or ELISA is more sensitive than microscopy and indicates recent infection. Molecular PCR methods have high sensitivity and specificity comparable to culture.

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    This document summarizes methods for diagnosing several parasitic infections: - ELISA and PCR methods can detect Entamoeba histolytica antigens and antibodies and differentiate between active and past infections. Molecular PCR methods are highly sensitive and specific. - Tests including ELISA and latex agglutination can detect antibodies for Entamoeba coli. - For Giardia lamblia, ELISA and IFA detect antibodies but cannot differentiate active from past infection. Molecular PCR methods are highly sensitive and specific. - For Trichomonas vaginalis, antigen detection by rapid immunochromatographic test or ELISA is more sensitive than microscopy and indicates recent infection. Molecular PCR methods have high sensitivity and specificity comparable to culture.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views5 pages

    Entamoeba Histolytica

    Uploaded by

    عائش العمودي
    This document summarizes methods for diagnosing several parasitic infections: - ELISA and PCR methods can detect Entamoeba histolytica antigens and antibodies and differentiate between active and past infections. Molecular PCR methods are highly sensitive and specific. - Tests including ELISA and latex agglutination can detect antibodies for Entamoeba coli. - For Giardia lamblia, ELISA and IFA detect antibodies but cannot differentiate active from past infection. Molecular PCR methods are highly sensitive and specific. - For Trichomonas vaginalis, antigen detection by rapid immunochromatographic test or ELISA is more sensitive than microscopy and indicates recent infection. Molecular PCR methods have high sensitivity and specificity comparable to culture.

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    MEDICAL

    PARASITOLOGY
    MEDICAL LABORATORY- SECOND LEVEL

    PRAPARE BY: Aysha Abobaker AL-suwiny


    Supervision Under: Dr. Omer Ba-magaa
    Entamoeba histolytica
    Amoebic antigen:
    Amoebic antigen in serum is found only in patients with active infection and
    disappears after clinical cure, so its presence in serum indicates recent and
    active infection. z ELISA is done using monoclonal antibody specific for
    lectin antigen—usually positive in early stage of the disease (sensitivity of
    65%) z ELISA is also available using monoclonal antibody specific for
    various other antigens like—serine rich E. histolytica protein (SREHP), lysine
    rich surface antigen and lipophosphoglycan (LPG).
    Other older methods for antigen detection include:
    • CIEP
    • Coagglutination test
    • Slide agglutination test.
    Amoebic antibody:
    Serum antibodies appear only in the later stages of intestinal amoebiasis
    Various tests include:
    • ELISA
    • Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test
    • Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test
    IHA using crude antigens shows 10% sensitivity in asymptomatic cysts
    passers and 50–60% sensitivity in acute infection
    ELISA detecting antibody against lectin antigen shows 90% sensitivity in
    convalescent stage and 75–85% in early stage.
    Molecular diagnosis
    Nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is available targeting small
    subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes that can differentiate
    E.histolytica, E.dispar and E.moshkovskii with a sensitivity of nearing 90%
    and specific city of 90–100 %
    Real time PCR can be used as alternate to the conventional PCR. It is more
    sensitive, quantitates the parasite load and takes less time with less
    contamination rates.

    Entamoeba coli
    Tow enzymes immune assays based on a single recombinant Entamoeba coli
    antigen (P1-EIA) or soluble E. coli extract (SA-EIA) as well as latex agglutination
    test using an E. coli membrane fraction (M-LA) were evaluated for its use to detect
    anti-amebic serum antibodies in patients.

    Giardia lamblia
    Antibody detection
    Both indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and ELISA formats are developed
    to detect antibodies in serum.
    But unlike microscopy and antigen detection, presence of antibody cannot
    differentiate recent and past infection
    Hence, serology is only helpful for epidemiological purpose for estimating
    the prevalence of infection.
    Molecular methods
    Detection of Giardia nucleic acid by poly-merase chain reaction (PCR) or by
    gene probes is highly sensitive and specific
    It is used to detect the parasites in water samples or to genotype the isolates
    from various mammalian hosts
    However, its use in routine laboratory diagnostics is limited.

    Trichomonas vaginalis
    Antigen detection
    Antigen detection methods are more sensitive than microscopy, easy to
    perform and indicates recent infection.
    • A rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) (dipstick) is available
    which shows result within 10 minutes, requires no sophisticated
    instruments. Compared to culture, it is 83% sensitive and 99%
    specific
    • ELISA using monoclonal antibodies has been developed; which
    shows sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 97%.
    Antibody detection
    ELISA is available using whole cell antigen preparation and aqueous
    antigenic extract to detect antitrichomonial antibodies in serum and vaginal
    secretion of the patients.
    However, antibodies persist for longer time, hence cannot differentiate
    between current infection and past infection. Moreover, its sensitivity is
    variable with variable antibody response.
    Molecular methods
    PCR detecting T. vaginalis specific beta tubulin genes are available with
    sensitivity and specificity comparable to culture
    PCR based ELISA format has been developed for urine samples (sensitivity
    90% and specificity 93%)
    Recently, transcription-mediated ampli-fication test has been developed for
    urine and genital specimens from men and women.

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