Appendix

Countries, nationalities, and languages

This is a partial list of countries, nationalities, and languages, many of which are presented in this book.
Countries Nationalities Countries Nationalities Countries Nationalities
Argentina Argentine Germany German the Philippines Filipino
Australia Australian Greece Greek Poland Polish
Austria Austrian Hungary Hungarian Russia Russian
Bolivia Bolivian India Indian Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian
Brazil Brazilian Indonesia Indonesian Singapore Singaporean
Canada Canadian Ireland Irish South Korea Korean
Chile Chilean Italy Italian Spain Spanish
China Chinese Japan Japanese Switzerland Swiss
Colombia Colombian Lebanon Lebanese Thailand Thai
Costa Rica Costa Rican Malaysia Malaysian Turkey Turkish
Ecuador Ecuadorian Mexico Mexican the United Kingdom (the U.K.) British
Egypt Egyptian Morocco Moroccan the United States (the U.S.) American
England English New Zealand New Zealander Uruguay Uruguayan
France French Peru Peruvian Vietnam Vietnamese

Irregular verbs
Present Past Participle Present Past Participle
(be) am/is, are was, were been make made made
bring brought brought meet met met
buy bought bought put put put
come came come quit quit quit
cut cut cut read read read
do did done ride rode ridden
drink drank drunk run ran run
drive drove driven see saw seen
eat ate eaten sell sold sold
fall fell fallen set set set
feel felt felt sit sat sat
fly flew flown sleep slept slept
get got gotten speak spoke spoken
give gave given spend spent spent
go went gone take took taken
grow grew grown teach taught taught
have had had tell told told
hear heard heard think thought thought
keep kept kept wear wore worn
lose lost lost write wrote written

Comparative and superlative adjectives

Adjectives with -er and -est Adjectives with more and most
big deep heavy nice small attractive dangerous expensive outgoing
busy dirty high old tall beautiful delicious famous popular
cheap dry hot pretty thin boring difficult important relaxing
clean easy large quiet ugly crowded exciting interesting stressful
cold fast light safe warm
Irregular adjectives
cool friendly long short wet
good ➞ better ➞ the best
dark funny new slow young
bad ➞ worse ➞ the worst

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Nouns logo elderly Verbs

appearance looks flattering control
app/application meter floral describe
astronaut mustache flowy learn
beard outfit good-looking orbit
belt picture handsome sit
(baseball) cap print khaki wear
celebrity psychologist leather
centimeter selfie long Adverbs
contact lenses streetwear medium fairly (+ adjective)
couple window middle-aged pretty (+ adjective)
eye(s) pastel so (+ adjective)
fashion
Adjectives physical
baggy Prepositions
foot preppy
bald behind
girlfriend pretty
blond in (a T-shirt/jeans/her
glasses rude
boho thirties)
hair short
casual next to
height skinny
classic on (the couch)
hipster straight
comfortable to the left/right of
inch tall
curly with (brown hair)
(basketball) jersey trendy
dark young
length

EXPRESSIONS
Asking about appearance Identifying someone
What does she look like? Who’s Diego?
She’s tall. He’s the man wearing a blue shirt/talking to Brooke.
She has brown hair. Which one is Paula?
How old is she? She’s the one in jeans/near the window.
She’s about 32. Which ones are the Harrisons?
She’s in her thirties. They’re the people/the ones on the couch.
How tall is she?
She’s 1 meter 78.
About 5 foot 10, I suppose.
How long is her hair?
It’s pretty short.
What color is his hair?
It’s dark/light brown.
Does he wear glasses?
Yes, he does.
No, he wears contacts.

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Nouns shopping several taste

alligator sleepwalk valuable try
bathtub space center
blue cheese sports car Verbs Adverbs
sushi be engaged (to ago
burglar alarm
theme park someone) already
charity
(traffic) ticket bet extremely
costume
truck clean in the past (week)
donation
truffle cut recently
engine
uniform hear underground
event
wedding invent yet
hairstyle
kill
iced coffee
Adjectives lose Prepositions
ID (= identification) for (six months/two
asleep raise
jazz club years)
awake ride
lines since (6:45/last weekend/
current sail
motorcycle elementary school)
important show
octopus
live (concert) take it easy

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about past experiences Expressing uncertainty
Have you ever . . . ? I can’t decide.
Have you . . . recently/this week?
Apologizing
Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
I’m sorry (I’m late).
Have you/they . . . yet?
Yes, I have. I’ve (already) . . .
No, they haven’t. They haven’t . . . (yet).
How many times have you . . . ?
I’ve . . . once/a couple of times.
How long have you lived here?
I’ve lived here for/since . . .
How long did you live there?
I lived there for . . .

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Nouns subway reasonable Adverbs

bargain tapas safe all year
beach taxi spacious anytime
bike path tourist stressful definitely
canoe town ugly easily
capital visitor walled (city/area) extremely (+ adjective)
church fairly (+ adjective)
crafts
Pronoun Verbs pretty (+ adjective)
you (= anyone) Modal
district really (+ adjective)
should
(city) guide Adjectives somewhat (+ adjective)
harbor best Other too (+ adjective)
hometown clear miss very (+ adjective)
island crowded move away
landmark dangerous plan to (+ verb)
Preposition
mangrove in (town)
delicious recommend
nightclub historic rent Conjunctions
plaza lively tell (someone) about however
pyramid noisy (something) though
salsa (steps) polluted use
scenery

EXPRESSIONS
Describing something Talking about advisability Asking for and giving
What’s . . . like? What can I do . . . ? suggestions
It’s . . . and . . . You can . . . What should I . . . ?
It’s . . . , but (it’s not) . . . You can’t . . . You should . . .
It’s . . . It’s not (too) . . . , though. You shouldn’t . . .
It’s . . . It’s not (too) . . . , however.
Asking for information
Can you tell me about . . . ?

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Nouns jar chamomile (tea) terrible

Health problems pack community useful
backache stick dentist
tube energy Verbs
burn
garlic (tea) Modal
cold Pharmacy items
gel could
cough bandages
idea may
dry skin breath mints
earache liquid Other
cough drops
fever medicine cabinet boil
cream
(the) flu muscle chop up
deodorant
headache plant concentrate
eyedrops
(the) hiccups rain forest disappear
face cream
insect bite remedy get (some rest)
heating pad
insomnia research put (= apply directly, as
lotion
itchy eyes rest ointment)
medication
nosebleed throat rest
(pain) medicine
sore muscles/throat village see (a doctor/dentist)
pills
stomachache suggest
shaving cream Adjectives
sunburn tissues take (medicine/
effective
toothache toothpaste something for . . . )
helpful
upset stomach vitamin C treat
hungry
work (= succeed)
Containers itchy
Other
bag advice
powerful Prepositions
bottle sick in (bed)
anthropologist
box sore under (cold water)
appointment
can stressed

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about health problems Asking for and giving advice
Are you all right? What should you do . . . ?
Not really. It’s important/helpful/a good idea to . . .
That’s too bad. What do you suggest/have for . . . ?
Try/I suggest/You should/You could . . .
Offering and accepting assistance
Can/May I help you? Expressing dislike
Yes, please. Yuck!
Can/Could/May I have . . . ?
Agreeing
You’re right.

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Nouns lemon Other greasy

Food and beverages lemonade bellhop healthy
bread mangoes coffee shop rich
(veggie) burger meat custom salty
cake miso hairstylist spicy
cheeseburger octopus menu vegetarian
chicken onion (rings/soup) order
pasta review
Verbs
chocolate
peas server Modals
corn
(apple) pie service will
curry
pizza slang would
dessert
dressing potatoes tip Other
fish rice wages order
flavor salad waitress rely on
french fries sandwich take (an order)
fruit seafood Adjectives
tip
shrimp bland
grains vary
soup confusing
grapes
hamburger strawberries crispy Adverbs
sushi customary a bit (+ adjective)
ice cream
turkey delicious either
ice-cream cone
vegetable fresh neither
lamb
water generous too

EXPRESSIONS
Expressing feelings I like . . . Ordering in a restaurant
I’m (not) crazy about . . . So do I. May I take your order?
I’m (not) in the mood for . . . Oh, I don’t (like it very much). What would you like (to . . . )?
I can’t stand . . . I’m not in the mood for . . . I’d like/I’ll have a/an/the . . .
Neither am I./I’m not either. What kind of . . . would you like?
Agreeing and disagreeing Really? I am. I’d like/I’ll have . . . , please.
I’m crazy about . . . I can’t . . . Would you like anything else?
So am I./I am, too. Neither can I./I can’t either. Yes, please. I’d like . . .
Oh, I’m not. Oh, I love it. No, thank you.
I can . . . I don’t like . . . That’s all, thanks.
So can I./I can, too. Neither do I./I don’t either.
Really? I can’t. Oh, I like it a lot.

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Nouns valley feather far

Geography volcano fine high
beach waterfall million hot
canal world planet pure
continent (air) pollution strict
Distance and
desert population
measurements quiz Verbs
Earth
degree (Celsius/ exist
(the) falls tower
Fahrenheit) get down (to)
forest winter
(square) kilometer get up (to)
hill
meter Adjectives respect
island
(square) mile clean
lake
pound cold Prepositions
mountain in (the summer/the
crowded
ocean Other world/the Americas)
deep
river airport on (the planet/sidewalks)
dry
auction

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about distances and measurements Making comparisons
How cold is . . . in the winter? Which country is larger, . . . or . . .?
It gets down to . . . degrees. . . . is larger than . . .
How hot is . . . in the summer? Which country is the largest in the world?
It gets up to . . . degrees. Russia is the largest country.
How far is . . . from . . .? Which country is more crowded, . . . or . . . ?
It’s about . . . kilometers. . . . is more crowded than . . .
How big is . . .? . . . is the most crowded country in . . .
It’s . . . square kilometers.
How high is (are) . . .?
It’s (They are) . . . meters high.
How long is . . .?
It’s . . . kilometers long.
How deep is . . .?
It’s . . . meters deep.

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Nouns Other smartphone refuse

Leisure activities accident statement return
barbecue address track speak
(rock) concert cell (phone) throw
excuse
Adjectives
(film) festival
invitation
embarrassing Adverbs
(baseball/soccer) game
fancy afterward
musical lamppost
late late
(dance) performance meeting
on time
picnic message Verbs
play motherboard accept
(car) race reaction capture
(class) reunion request give
(video game) tournament security camera

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about plans Making a call
What are you doing tonight? May I speak to . . . ?
I’m going . . . Sorry, but . . . isn’t here.
Are you doing anything tomorrow? Can I take/leave a message?
No, I’m not (doing anything). I’ll give . . . the message.
What is she going to do tomorrow?
Leaving a message
She’s going to . . .
Can I take a message?
Are they going to . . . ?
Please tell . . . (that) . . .
Yes, they are (going to . . .).
Please ask . . . to . . .
Apologizing and giving reasons Could you tell . . . (that) . . . ?
Thanks for asking me, but I can’t. I . . . Could you ask . . . to . . . ?
Sorry, but I already have plans. Would you tell . . . (that) . . . ?
Would you ask . . . to . . . ?

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Nouns (bank) loan Verbs improve

(savings) account plastic accomplish join
(photo) album (pay) raise achieve pierce
century resolution become plan (+ verb)
change subtitle benefit retire
contacts/contact lenses vocabulary bring about
course catch
Adverbs
credit card
Adjectives change
abroad
extraordinary differently
drama donate
outgoing less
experience dress
own
garbage
personal
dye Prepositions
goal fall (in love) in (ages/a few years)
possible
hairstyle get (engaged/married) into (my own apartment)
(driver’s) license graduate
life hope (+ verb)

EXPRESSIONS
Describing changes Talking about future plans
I’m not in school anymore. What are you going to do?
I wear contacts now. I’m (not) going to . . .
I majored in business administration. I (don’t) plan/want to . . .
I got engaged. I hope to . . .
I’ve just started a new job. I’d like/love to . . .
I’ve bought a new apartment.
It’s less noisy than downtown.
My hair is longer now.

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