CDA67875
CDA67875
CDA67875
ANGELA HEWITT
Gabriel Fauré
(1845–1924)
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CONTENTS
ENGLISH page 4
FRANÇAIS page 9
DEUTSCH Seite 13
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F OR A LONG TIME I have wanted to record my favourite
solo piano works by Gabriel Fauré. I was first
introduced to his music at the age of fifteen when my
teacher, Jean-Paul Sévilla, gave me the Ballade to learn. He
was a great lover of Fauré’s music, and we were privileged
pianists to memorize. Constantly shifting harmonies,
enharmonic changes pushed to the extreme, slight variants
in passages that are otherwise similar—all of these things,
added to the sheer technical difficulties, probably put a lot
of people off. It is an art that is made, as one of his best
to hear him perform so much of it in Ottawa, where I grew biographers, Jean-Michel Nectoux, puts it, ‘of grandeur and
up. He introduced all his students not only to Fauré’s piano refinement, in the image of that of Marcel Proust who
works, but also to the chamber music and especially the would “become intoxicated” by this music, as he once
songs. I vividly remember buying the LPs of the complete wrote to Fauré’.
mélodies and listening to them time and time again, Like Debussy, Fauré was born into a non-musical
following the words and translations (being an avid student family. They came from Ariège in southwest France. Gabriel
of French). I passed many a happy hour in Fauré’s was the sixth child, and not particularly wanted by his
company. All of the works on this album I learned by my parents. At birth he was sent to a wet-nurse and didn’t see
mid-twenties, and most of them much earlier. They are old his family for four years. His first musical experience was
friends. from hearing the religious songs in the local convent, and
When you mention the piano music of Fauré to people, playing around with its harmonium.
whether they are professional musicians or not, you When Gabriel turned nine, his father was persuaded to
usually get one of two responses: either they don’t know it, send him to Paris to study in the new École Niedermeyer.
or else they consider it to be little more than ‘salon’ music. At a time when composers like Meyerbeer and Spontini
Those who do know it, and who love it deeply, will defend were all the rage, it was courageous of Louis de
Fauré’s artistry and achievements with great passion. Niedermeyer to start a school where religious music above
It is amazing to think that when Fauré was born in 1845 all was taught. Gregorian chant, Palestrina, the organ
Schumann had just completed his Piano Concerto, works of Bach—all of these became familiar to the young
Chopin had written his third Piano Sonata, and Berlioz Fauré. When he won competitions at school, the scores he
La damnation de Faust. By the time Fauré died in 1924 received as prizes included Handel’s Judas Maccabaeus,
Schoenberg’s Pierrot lunaire was already twelve years Haydn’s Seven Last Words from the Cross, Bach keyboard
old. The world around him also became a different place works and Mozart’s Don Giovanni. The discipline was
during those eighty years. Fauré remained remarkably rigorous. It was not permitted to play Schumann or
unaffected by political events, with the exception of World Chopin, whose music was considered unsuitable for young
War I. In 1908, in a letter to his son, he wrote: ‘For me, art, people. Practice had to be done in a room with fifteen
and especially music, exists to elevate us as far as possible pianos going at once.
above everyday existence.’ When Niedermeyer died, the sadness of the fifteen-year-
A musician will recognize, within a few seconds, the old Fauré was soon replaced by the joy of having a new
music of Fauré. It is unmistakable thanks to its harmonic piano teacher, just ten years his senior—Camille Saint-
language and melodic contours. Along with the music of Saëns. A great friendship developed between the two and
Bach, his piano works are among the most difficult for lasted until Saint-Saëns died in 1921.
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Many great French composers earned at least part of in his recitals. Saint-Saëns had just composed his Thème
their living as an organist, and Fauré was no exception. varié. But most likely it was Fauré’s love of Schumann and
After leaving school he held several posts in churches in his Études symphoniques that was his greatest influence.
Rennes and Paris, including Saint-Sulpice, before going to In the copy from which I learned the Thème et
La Madeleine where he stayed in one capacity or another variations back in the 1970s, there were footnotes dating
for more than twenty-five years (from 1877 to 1905). from when it was the test piece for the exams at the
Throughout his professional life he complained of never Conservatoire in 1910 (in which one of the First Prize
having enough time to compose. Married (not very winners was none other than Clara Haskil). Some cuts
happily), and with two children, he had to augment his were suggested, and several variations were to be left out.
organist’s salary by giving endless lessons and by becoming There were also notations for an orchestration of the work
a school inspector. He complained to a friend that he spent by Désiré-Émile Inghelbrecht when it was put on as a
at least three hours every day on trains, that he was sick to ballet, Rayon de lune (‘Moonbeam’), in 1928. I don’t
death of the Gare Saint-Lazare, and that he didn’t want really want to imagine either of these things.
to hear any more sonatas. Most of his composing was The theme, in C sharp minor, is presented with march-
therefore done during the summer months and on like solemnity, becoming haunting in the second line when
vacation. the dynamic falls to piano. The ascending scale of the
In 1892, when the position of professor of composition opening is repeated after eight bars, but with different
at the Paris Conservatoire became vacant, Fauré was harmonies. We can already hear Fauré’s fondness for bass
vehemently rejected by the director, Ambroise Thomas. It lines, the proper performance of which is essential in his
was only four years later that he got the post, and then in music. In the first variation, the theme appears in the bass
1905 was named director, staying in that capacity for the while the right hand weaves a filigree web in the high
next fifteen years. He was nicknamed ‘Robespierre’ for the register. The second is scherzo-like, also giving room for
multiple reforms he brought in. Among his pupils were the ‘cellos’ to shine. Energy builds in the third variation
Ravel, Enescu and Nadia Boulanger. which combines duplets and triplets. Fauré insisted that
they should be clearly defined. The fourth variation carries
We open this album with the Thème et variations on the élan of the previous one, while capturing a haunted
Op 73—Fauré’s longest and certainly one of his greatest feeling in its middle section. The texture of the fifth is not
pieces for solo piano. It was begun in the summer of 1895, easy to make clear: double thirds and double sixths
most of which Fauré wasted lobbying for the job of music abound in this unhurried waltz. The sixth is rather spooky,
critic of France’s leading newspaper, Le Figaro (a post he with the bass rising in octaves while the right hand
finally got in 1903). Its premiere didn’t come, however, descends in sighs. The seventh, eighth and ninth variations
until December 1896 when it was performed by Léon are all wonderful moments, with the latter expressing a
Delafosse at St James’s Hall in London. Several things rapturous stillness. This is broken by the very difficult
could have led Fauré to compose a set of variations at this tenth variation which demands great agility combined with
time. No doubt he heard his friend Louis Diémer perform precision, lightness, and a big reserve of power for its
Rameau’s Gavotte et six doubles, which figured that year ending. The audience usually thinks this is the end, but it
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a higher, almost religious plane … the chorale rises from
its serenity to a climax of transcendental intensity, making
the flashy excitement of the penultimate variation seem
trivial in comparison.’
The first two of Fauré’s four Valses-caprices were,
unsurprisingly, especially loved by Saint-Saëns. The second
one, dedicated to the wife of one his best friends, André
Messager, was a particular favourite of Paul Dukas and
Isaac Albéniz (who asked to hear it played shortly before
his death). They were written between 1882 and 1884,
around the time of the composer’s marriage to the
daughter of the sculptor Emmanuel Frémiet. I love the
physical feel of playing this music—passing the melody
between hands (Fauré was ambidextrous), the imaginative
passagework and harmonies that encircle it, the rhythms
of the dance, the surprising turns in the harmonies and
the different colours that Fauré demands, the boisterous
bits contrasted by moments of great tenderness. The second
of the two is more sophisticated, especially in the middle
section beginning in C sharp minor. The transformation
of that rather shady, nightclub-ish tune into something
exultant surely owes something to Liszt. For me these are
underrated works that should be played more often.
The three Nocturnes that I have chosen for this
recording are not only my particular favourites, but each
comes from a different period of Fauré’s life: youth,
maturity and old age. The complete cycle of thirteen
Nocturnes spans his entire creative life, giving us a
GABRIEL FAURÉ IN 1895 wonderful opportunity to see how his work developed. The
Nocturne No 5 in B flat major, Op 37, is contemporary
isn’t. In what can only be described as a moment of pure to the second Valse-caprice. The first phrase could only be
genius, Fauré switches to the major mode for his final Fauré, beginning in B flat major and ending in D major.
variation which looks sparse on the page but is one of the The turbulent middle section in B flat minor (a rare key in
most intense things he ever wrote. Every time I play it I Fauré’s music) has swirling arpeggios, and transforms the
get the shivers. As Robert Orledge writes in his excellent second of the opening themes in a most imaginative way,
biography of the composer: ‘It raises the whole work onto even presenting it at the climax in B major. As in all of
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Fauré’s music, there is a grace combined with a contained We finish this album with a more radiant piece from
strength behind every note. He was always complaining Fauré’s youth, the earliest piece included on this
that people played his music in the half-light. According to recording—the Ballade pour piano seul, Op 19,
his son, Fauré played with ‘an iron hand in a velvet glove— dedicated to Saint-Saëns. It was written in this original
and what velvet!’ version for solo piano in 1879, at the same time as his first
The Nocturne No 6 in D flat major, Op 63, was trip, together with Messager, to Munich to hear the
written after a break of ten years, during which time both complete Ring cycle of Wagner. What makes the Ballade
his parents died and he wrote his famous Requiem. It perhaps all the more beautiful is the suggestion of nature,
remains one of his most popular pieces for piano and a rather than its actual depiction (as found in Act II of
masterpiece in the piano literature. When asked where he Wagner’s Siegfried, in the ‘Forest murmurs’ sequence).
found the inspiration to write the ecstatic opening, he Originally conceived as a suite of separate pieces, the
replied ‘in the Simplon Tunnel’. One could write many Ballade finally took on a unified form resembling that of
words about this piece. Perhaps it is best simply to listen. Liszt’s piano concertos. In April 1881 Fauré finished a
As Nectoux points out, five years later Schoenberg wrote his version of the work for piano and orchestra and played the
Verklärte Nacht, and found this same ‘road of stars’ that premiere himself, conducted by Édouard Colonne. (I have
we hear in the middle section, marked Allegro moderato. frequently performed both—trying to remember which
The Nocturne No 13 in B minor, Op 119, is Fauré’s parts to leave out when I play it with orchestra!) In July
last piece for solo piano. It was finished in December 1921, 1882 Fauré met Liszt for the second time, in the company
just two weeks after the death of his old friend Saint-Saëns. of Saint-Saëns, and presented him with the Ballade. Liszt,
Since 1903 Fauré had been suffering from severe hearing then seventy years old, gave up trying to play it after five or
loss—one in which the highest and lowest tones were six pages, saying he didn’t have enough fingers, and asked
horribly distorted. Beginning like a Bach chorale, and not the young composer to continue. Fauré’s style is already
shunning dissonances in the beautiful part writing, it gives beautifully apparent in this work that is full of freshness,
us only the essentials, insisting ever more vehemently as it joy, enthusiasm and lyricism.
progresses on the interval of the third that begins the piece. ANGELA HEWITT © 2013
Another excellent Fauré biographer, Jessica Duchen, says
this Nocturne ‘seems to stare death straight in the face’.
The final four bars reach out with a final upward gesture,
only to fall back in despair.
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ANGELA Hewitt
Angela Hewitt is a phenomenal artist who has established
herself at the highest level, not least through her award-
winning recordings for Hyperion. Her series of all the
major keyboard works of Bach has been described as ‘one
of the record glories of our age’. Her discography also
includes recordings of Beethoven, Chabrier, Granados,
Messiaen, Rameau, Ravel, Schumann, the complete
Chopin Nocturnes and three discs of Couperin.
Born into a musical family, Angela Hewitt began her
piano studies at the age of three, performing in public at
four and a year later winning her first scholarship. At the
age of nine she gave her first recital at Toronto’s Royal
Conservatory of Music where she later studied, going on to
learn with the French pianist Jean-Paul Sévilla. She won the
Viotti Competition in Italy and the Toronto International
Bach Competition, and was a top prizewinner in the Bach
competitions of Leipzig and Washington DC, as well as the
Dino Ciani Competition at La Scala, Milan.
Angela Hewitt appears all over the world in many of the
most prestigious concert halls as recitalist and as soloist
with major orchestras. Her festival appearances have taken
her to Lucerne, Osaka, Prague, Moscow and New York, to
name but a few places. Her own annual Trasimeno Music
Festival takes place each summer in Umbria, Italy, and
© Bernd Eberle
features international artists as well as recitals, chamber
music, and concertos from Hewitt herself.
Angela Hewitt was awarded the first ever BBC Radio 3
Listeners’ Award (Royal Philharmonic Society Awards) in
2003. She was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in to performances of the complete Bach Well-Tempered
2000. She was also awarded an OBE in the Queen’s Clavier in major cities all over the world. A special
Birthday Honours in 2006. She has lived in London since DVD lecture-recital entitled ‘Bach Performance on the
1985 but also has homes in Canada and Umbria. Piano’ was released by Hyperion to coincide with this
In 2006 Angela Hewitt was voted Gramophone’s ‘Artist tour (DVDA68001). For more information, please see
of the Year’. Her entire 2007–2008 season was devoted www.angelahewitt.com.
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FAURÉ Musique pour piano
pour piano no 3 et Berlioz La damnation de Faust. avant tout la musique religieuse. Le chant grégorien,
Quand il mourut en 1924, le Pierrot lunaire de Schoen- Palestrina, les œuvres pour orgue de Bach—tout cela
berg avait déjà douze ans. Durant ces quatre-vingts devint familier au jeune Fauré. Lauréat des concours
années, le monde aussi changea, mais Fauré demeura organisés par l’école, il reçut pour prix diverses partitions
remarquablement peu affecté par les événements comme Judas Maccabaeus de Haendel, les Sept dernières
politiques, à l’exception de la Première Guerre mondiale. paroles du Christ en croix de Haydn, les pièces pour
En 1908, il écrivit à son fils : « Pour moi, l’art, la musique clavier de Bach et Don Giovanni de Mozart. La discipline
surtout, consiste à nous élever le plus haut possible au- était rigoureuse. Il était interdit de jouer Schumann ou
dessus de ce qui est. » Chopin, jugés inconvenants pour des jeunes gens, et il
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fallait faire ses exercices dans une pièce où quinze pianos de ses plus grandes aussi, assurément. Bien qu’entamée à
jouaient en même temps. l’été de 1895—un été que Fauré perdit en grande partie à
Fauré avait quinze ans à la mort de Niedermeyer mais faire pression pour devenir critique musical au Figaro (il
sa tristesse fut vite dissipée par la joie d’avoir un nouveau le deviendra en 1903)—, cette œuvre ne fut pas créée
professeur de piano de seulement dix ans son aîné : avant décembre 1896 (par Léon Delafosse, au St James’s
Camille Saint-Saëns. Une grande amitié se noua entre eux, Hall de Londres). Plusieurs choses purent alors amener
qui dura jusqu’à la mort de Saint-Saëns, en 1921. Fauré à rédiger une série de variations. Il entendit sans
Nombre de grands compositeurs français gagnèrent doute son ami Louis Diémer jouer la Gavotte et six
leur vie, au moins en partie, comme organistes, et Fauré doubles de Rameau (au programme de ses récitals, cette
ne fit pas exception. Après avoir quitté l’école, il occupa année-là) ; et puis Saint-Saëns venait d’écrire son Thème
plusieurs postes dans des églises rennaises et parisiennes, varié. Mais sa plus grande influence vint très
notamment à Saint-Sulpice, avant de rejoindre La probablement de son amour de Schumann et de ses
Madeleine, où il passa, à un titre ou à un autre, plus de Études symphoniques.
vingt-cinq ans (entre 1877 et 1905). Tout au long de sa vie L’exemplaire que j’ai utilisé pour apprendre le Thème
professionnelle, il se plaignit de ne jamais avoir assez de et variations, dans les années 1970, comportait des notes
temps pour composer. Marié (mais pas très heureux en en bas de page datant de l’époque où cette œuvre était le
ménage) et père de deux enfants, il dut, pour améliorer morceau imposé aux examens du Conservatoire en 1910
son salaire d’organiste, donner d’interminables leçons et (l’un des lauréats du premier prix fut alors Clara Haskil
devenir Inspecteur des Conservatoires de province. À un en personne). Certaines coupures étaient suggérées et
ami, il se plaignit de passer au moins trois heures par jour plusieurs variations étaient à laisser de côté. Il y avait aussi
dans les trains : il n’en pouvait plus de la gare Saint-Lazare des notations pour une orchestration par Désiré-Émile
et ne voulait plus entendre une seule sonate. Ainsi Inghelbrecht lorsqu’on fit de cette œuvre un ballet, Rayon
composa-t-il essentiellement pendant les mois d’été et les de lune, en 1928. Tout cela, je ne veux même pas y songer
vacances. un instant.
En 1892, le poste de professeur de composition au Le thème, en ut dièse mineur, est présenté avec une
Conservatoire de Paris se libéra mais le directeur, solennité alla marcia et se fait lancinant à la deuxième
Ambroise Thomas, rejeta violemment la candidature de ligne, quand la dynamique tombe à piano. La gamme
Fauré, qui n’obtint le poste que quatre ans plus tard, avant ascendante de l’ouverture est répétée après huit mesures,
d’être nommé directeur, en 1905—une fonction qu’il mais avec d’autres harmonies. Déjà, Fauré donne à
assuma pendant quinze ans. Les multiples réformes qu’il entendre sa prédilection pour les lignes de basse, dont
introduisit lui valurent le surnom de « Robespierre ». l’exécution correcte est essentielle à sa musique. Dans la
Ravel, Enescu et Nadia Boulanger comptèrent parmi ses première variation, le thème apparaît à la basse tandis que
élèves. la main droit fait ondoyer un réseau filigrané dans le
registre aigu. La deuxième variation est une façon de
Nous inaugurons cet album avec le Thème et variations scherzo, qui permet aussi aux « violoncelles » de briller.
op. 73—la plus longue pièce pour piano de Fauré, l’une L’énergie s’accumule dans la troisième variation,
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combinaison de duolets et de triolets devant être, insista mélodie passée d’une main à l’autre (Fauré était
Fauré, clairement dessinés. La quatrième variation ambidextre), le passage et les harmonies qui l’entourent,
perpétue l’élan de la précédente, tout en happant un peu les rythmes de la danse, les suprenants virages dans les
de ce sentiment hanté dans sa section centrale. La texture harmonies et les différentes couleurs qu’il faut y mettre,
de la cinquième variation n’est pas aisée à rendre limpide : les volets tumultueux que viennent contraster des
doubles tierces et doubles sixtes abondent dans cette moments de grande tendresse. La deuxième Valse-caprice
valse sans hâte. La sixième variation est mystérieuse, avec est plus sophistiquée, surtout dans la section médiane
la basse qui s’élève en octaves tandis que la main démarrant en ut dièse mineur. La métamorphose de cet
droite descend en soupirs. Les trois variations suivantes air plutôt louche, « boîte de nuit », en quelque chose
(septième, huitième et neuvième) sont toutes des d’exultant doit sûrement un peu à Liszt. Pour moi, ce sont
moments merveilleux, la neuvième exprimant un calme des œuvres sous-estimées, que l’on devrait jouer plus
extasié. Mais la très difficile dixième variation vient tout souvent.
briser, qui exige une grande agilité mêlée de précision, de J’éprouve un attachement particulier pour les trois
légèreté et d’une bonne réserve de puissance pour la Nocturnes que j’ai retenus ici et qui, chacun, illustrent
conclusion. Le public croit généralement que l’œuvre une période de la vie de Fauré—jeunesse, maturité,
s’arrête là, mais non. Dans ce que l’on peut seulement vieillesse. Le cycle complet de treize nocturnes couvre
décrire comme un moment de pur génie, Fauré passe au toute la vie créative du compositeur, ce qui nous offre une
mode majeur pour une ultime variation qui a l’air maigre merveilleuse occasion de voir son œuvre se développer.
sur le papier mais qui est l’une des choses les plus Le Nocturne no 5 en si bémol majeur op. 37 est
intenses qu’il ait jamais écrites. Chaque fois que je la joue, contemporain de la deuxième Valse-caprice. Sa première
ça me donne le frisson. Comme l’écrit Robert Orledge dans phrase ne pouvait être que de Fauré : ouverte en si bémol
son excellente biographie de Fauré : « Elle hausse toute majeur, elle s’achève en ré majeur. La turbulente section
l’œuvre à un niveau supérieur, presque religieux … le centrale en si bémol mineur (une tonalité rare chez Fauré)
choral abandonne sa sérénité pour s’élever jusqu’à un arbore des arpèges tourbillonnants et transforme avec
apogée d’une intensité transcendentale rendant triviale, beaucoup d’imagination le second thème inaugural, le
par comparaison, l’excitation clinquante de l’avant- présentant même, à l’apogée, en si majeur. Ici comme
dernière variation. » partout ailleurs chez Fauré, une grâce teintée de vigueur
Les deux premières des quatre Valses-caprices de retenue se cache derrière chaque note. Fauré, qui se
Fauré furent, naturellement, adorées par Saint-Saëns. Paul plaignait d’être toujours joué « en abat-jour », jouait lui-
Dukas et Isaac Albéniz avaient un faible pour la deuxième même, selon son fils, avec « une main de fer dans un gant
(Albéniz demanda qu’on la lui jouât peu avant de mourir), de velours, et quel velours ! ».
que Fauré dédia à la femme d’un de ses meilleurs amis, Fauré rédigea son Nocturne no 6 en ré bémol
André Messager. Ces œuvres furent rédigées entre 1882 et majeur op. 63 après une décennie d’interruption
1884, à l’époque où le compositeur épousa la fille du marquée par la mort de ses parents et l’écriture de son
sculpteur Emmanuel Frémiet. J’adore la sensation célèbre Requiem. Ce Nocturne, qui demeure l’une de ses
physique que l’on éprouve en jouant cette musique—la plus populaires pages pour piano, s’inscrit parmi les chefs-
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d’œuvre de la littérature pianistique. Quand on lui de ce disque : la Ballade pour piano seul op. 19, dédiée
demanda où il avait trouvé l’inspiration de son ouverture à Saint-Saëns. Fauré l’écrivit, dans cette version originale
extatique, il répondit : « sous le tunnel du Simplon ». On pour piano solo, en 1879, à l’époque de son premier
pourrait écrire des pages sur cette œuvre mais le mieux, voyage à Munich, avec Messager, pour entendre tout le
c’est peut-être simplement de l’écouter. Comme le Ring de Wagner. Cette Ballade est d’autant plus belle,
souligne Nectoux, Schoenberg, cinq ans après, débusqua peut-être, qu’elle suggère la nature, plus qu’elle ne la
lui aussi, avec sa Verklärte Nacht, ce « chemin d’étoiles » dépeint vraiment (comme dans « Murmures de la forêt »,
que nous entendons dans la section centrale, marquée à l’acte II du Siegfried wagnérien). Originellement conçue
Allegro moderato. comme une suite de pièces distinctes, elle prit finalement
Le Nocturne no 13 en si mineur op. 119 est la une forme unifiée rappelant celle des concertos pour piano
dernière œuvre que Fauré donna au piano solo. Il l’acheva de Liszt. En avril 1881, Fauré en termina une version pour
en décembre 1921, deux semaines seulement après la piano et orchestre qu’il créa lui-même, sous la baguette
mort de son vieil ami Saint-Saëns. Depuis 1903, il était d’Édouard Colonne. (Je l’ai souvent interprétée dans les
gravement malentendant—une surdité qui distordait deux versions—tâchant de me rappeler quelles parties je
horriblement les sons les plus aigus et les plus graves. dois laisser quand je la joue avec orchestre !) En juillet
Démarrant à la manière d’un choral de Bach, et n’éludant 1882, Fauré, accompagné de Saint-Saëns, rencontra Liszt
pas les dissonances dans la splendide conduite des parties, pour la seconde fois et lui montra cette Ballade. Liszt,
ce Nocturne ne nous donne que l’essentiel, insistant plus alors septuagénaire, arrêta d’essayer de la jouer au bout de
violemment que jamais, à mesure qu’il progresse, sur cinq ou six pages, disant qu’il n’avait plus les doigts, et il
l’intervalle de tierce inaugural. Jessica Duchen, autre pria le jeune compositeur de continuer. Œuvre toute de
excellente biographe de Fauré, dit de ce morceau qu’il fraîcheur, de joie, d’enthousiasme et de lyrisme que cette
« semble fixer la mort droit dans les yeux ». Les quatre Ballade, où affleure déjà merveilleusement le style de
dernières mesures tendent le bras en un ultime geste Fauré.
ascendant, mais retombent aussitôt dans le désespoir. ANGELA HEWITT © 2013
Terminons cet album par une pièce plus radieuse, Traduction HYPERION
issue de la jeunesse de Fauré ; c’est la plus ancienne œuvre
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FAURÉ Klaviermusik
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