31295017075689

BLAST RESISTANT GLAZING TESTS
by
STEVEN R. SAMUELS, B.S.C.E.
A THESIS
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted to the Graduate Faculty

of Texas Tech University in
Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for
the Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Approved
May, 2003
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
I would like to thank my major advisor, Dr. H. Scott NorviUe, for his help and
support throughout my graduate career. He has played an instramental role in my
development and leaming as a student. He has pushed me to become a better person and
a better engineer. I would also like to thank Dr. Milton Smith and Dr. Douglas Smith for
participating on my committee. Thanks goes to Dr. Heather Norville for providing
editorial commentary on this thesis.
Much appreciation goes to my wife and my parents. They have given me the
much needed support and encouragement throughout my college career. Their continual
support and faith in me enabled me to accomplish my goals.
I would also like to thank the many people who helped on this project. Heather
Keister and Ana Abarca set aside time to help with the setup of the data acquisition
system. Dr. Milton Smith set up and operated the high-speed cameras.
Special thanks to Custom Window in Denver, Colorado, for funding this project.
Their participation enabled this project to take place.
11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS h
ABSTRACT vu
LISTOFTABLES viu
LIST OF FIGURES x
CHAPTER
L INTRODUCTION 1
OutlineofThesis 2
IL LITERATURE REVIEW 3
Infroduction 3
TheBlast 4
Blast Pressure 4
Glass Constmctions as Blast-Resistant Glazings 6
GlassSfrength 9
Blast-Resistant Glazing Design 11
m. RESEARCH EQUIPMENT AND TEST PROCEDURES 13
Infroduction 13
BlastSite 13
Research Equipment 14
Blast Reaction Chamber 14
Test Specimen 15
111
WitnessPanel 16
Blast Equipment 17
Data Acquisition System 18
PCB Piezoelectric Reflected Pressure Transducer 21
PCB Piezoelectric Free Field Pressure Transducer 22
The eZ-Analyst Using ZonicBook Software 23
ConWep Software 23
High-Speed Cameras 24
Test Procedures 25
IV. TESTRESULTS 28
Infroduction 28
Experimentally Determined Results 29
Data Acquisition 29
Transducer Sensitivity 29
Zero Offset Correction 30
Peak Air Blast Pressure 31
The Wave Form Parameter 32
Ideal Air Blast Pressiu-e-Time History 33
Reflected Pressure Transducers 34
Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer, Second Blast 35
Top Reflected Pressure Transducer, Second Blast 38
Middle Reflected Pressiu-e Transducer, Fourth Blast 41
IV
Top Reflected Pressure Transducer, Fourth Blast 44
Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer, Fifth Blast 47
Top Reflected Pressure Transducer, Fifth Blast 49
Free Field Pressure Transducer 52
Free Field Pressure Transducer, Second Blast 52
Free Field Pressure Transducer, Foiulh Blast 54
Free Field Pressure Transducer, Fifth Blast 56
Summary 57
Pressures Acting on the Middle of the Test Specimen 58
ClearingTime 62
Peak Air Blast Pressure 63
Positive Phase Impulse 64
Test Specimen Performance 65
SecondBIast 65
ThirdBlast 67
FourthBlast 67
FifthBlast 68
V. DISCUSSION A I ^ CONCLUSIONS 70
Future Research 71
REFERENCES 72
APPENDIX
A. SECOND AIR BLAST PRESSURE-TIME HISTORIES AND

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS 74
v
B. FOURTH AIR BLAST PRESSURE-TIME HISTORIES 106
C. FEFTH AIR BLAST PRESSURE-TIME HISTORIES 137
D. IMPULSE CALCULATIONS FOR PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS 169
VI
ABSTRACT
Recent attacks at home and abroad have increased concems about blast-resistant
glazings. The Glass Research and Testing Laboratory (GRTL) conducted fíve blast tests.
This thesis describes the procedure for five fiill-scale blast-resistant glazing tests and the
air blast pressure-time history analysis. One free field pressure transducer and three
reflected pressure transducers collected 40960 points per second of air blast pressure-time
data from the blast tests. These data facilitated the prediction of peak air blast pressures
and positive phase impulses acting on the blast-resistant test specimen. They indicated
that air blast pressure exerted an equivalent GS A Level D air blast pressure loading on
the test specimen.
The blast-resistant glazing consisted of an insulating glass unit fabricated with
laminated glass. The insulating glass units consisted of two VA in. (6.0 mm) heat
sfrengthened laminated glass lites with a 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) polyvinyl butyral (PVB)
interlayer sealing a Vi in. (13 mm) air space. The design blast consisted of 250 Ibs of
ANFO at a standoff distance of 75 ft. The GRTL staff determined the test specimen
adequately resisted a GSA Level D air blast loading of 10 psi peak air blast pressure and
80 psi-msec positive phase impulse. Although many of the laminated glass units
fractured under the blast loading, the units remained in the glass frame, they maintained
closure of their fenestration, and the witness panel located twelve inches behind the test
specimen remained free of flying or falling glass shard.
vii
LIST OF TABLES
4.1 Transducer Sensitivity 30
4.2 Zero Offset Correction Factor 31
4.3 SummaryofBlastParameters 58
4.4 Peak Air Blast Pressure and Positive Phase Impulse Acting at the
Reflected Pressure Transducer and Middle of the Test Specimen,
SecondBlast 60
4.5 Peak Air Blast Pressure and Positive Phase Impulse Acting on the
FourthBlast 61
4.6 Peak Air Blast Pressure and Positive Phase Impulse Acting on the
FifthBIast 61
4.7 Estimated Peak Free Field Air Blast Pressure and Positive Phase Impulse
On theTest Specimen 62
4.8 Estimated Peak Air Blast Pressure and Positive Phase Impulse
Acting at the Center of the Test Specimen 65
A. 1 Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

For the Second Blast 78
A.2 Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

A.3 Free Field Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

B. 1 Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

For the Fourth Blast 107
B.2 Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

Vlll
B.3 Free Field Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History
C. 1 Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

For the Fifth Blast 138
C.2 Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

C.3 Free Field Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

IX
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Ideal Blast Wave 5
2.2 Duration of Applied Load versus Fracture Stress 10
2.3 Relationship Between Standoff Distance, TNT Charge Size,
And 3-Second Equivalent Design Load 12
3.1 Blast Reaction Chamber with Mounted Specimen 15
3.2 Test Specimen and Glass Frame 16
3.3 Five,FiftyPoundBagsofA]SÍFOwithBooster 18
3.4 Data Acquisition System 19
3.5 PCB Piezoelectric Free Field Pressure Transducer 20
3.6 PCB Piezoelectric Reflected Pressure Transducer 20
3.7 PCB Reflected Free Field Pressure Transducer Arrangement 20
3.8 Reflected Pressure Transducer and Mounting Assembly 21
3.9 Free Field Pressure Transducer 22
3.10 Dr. Milton Smith with Locam High-Speed Camera 25
4.1 Raw Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the Second Blast,
Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer 35
4.2 Semi-Log Plot of Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the Initial
Portion of the Second Blast, Middle Reflected Pressiu-e Transducer 36
4.3 Semi-Log of Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the

Second Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer 37
4.4 Raw and Ideal Air Blast Pressure-Time Histories for the Second Blast,
4.5 Raw Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the Second Blast,
Top Reflected Pressure Transducer 39
Portion of the Second Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer 40

Second Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer 40
4.8 Raw and Ideal Air Blast Pressure-Time Histories for the Second Blast,
4.9 Raw Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the Fourth Blast,
Portion of the Fourth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer 43

Fourth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer 43
4.12 Raw and Ideal Air Blast Pressure-Time Histories for the Fourth Blast,
Portion of the Fourth Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer 45

Fourth Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer 46
4.17 Raw Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the Fifth Blast,
Portion of the Fifth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer 48

Fifth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer 48
XI
4.20 Raw and Idea! Air Blast Pressure-Time Histories for the Fifth Blast,
4.22 Semi-Log Plot of Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the Initia!
Portion of the Fifth Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer 50
4.23 Semi-Log of Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the Fifth Blast,
4.24 Raw and Ideal Air Blast Pressure-Time Histories for the Fifth Blast,
4.25 Raw Air Blast Pressiu-e-Time History for the Second Blast,
4.26 Ideal Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the Second Blast,
4.30 Raw and Ideal Air Blast Pressure-Time Histories for the Fifth Blast,
4.31 Coordinates of Blast Reaction Chamber with Test Specimen
Used with ConWep Software (TM 5-855-1, 1992) 59
4.32 Post-Blast Test Specimen, Second Blast 66
4.33 Post-Blast Test Specimen, Fourth Blast 68
4.34 Post-Blast Test Specimen, Fifth Blast 69
Xll
CHAPTERI
ESÍTRODUCTION
Properly designed blast resistant glazing can greatly reduce glass related injuries
in the event of an air blast pressure loading. Custom Window from Denver, Colorado,
retained the Glass Research and Testing Laboratory (GRTL) at Texas Tech University in
Lubbock, Texas, to performfivefiall-scaleblast resist glazing tests with a GSA Level D
loading. The GRTL staff performedfiill-scaleblast tests with 250 Ib (113 kg) of
ammonium nifrate andfiieloil (ANFO) at a standoff distance of 75.0 ft (22.8 m) to
approximate a GS A Level D air blast pressure loading on the engineered test specimens.
The requirements for the blast resistant glazing were as foUows. (1) Flying or falling
glass shards must not penetrate the witness panel, located 12.0 in. (30.5 cm) behind the
test specimen. (2) The insulating glass units, fabricated with laminated glass, must
maintain closure of their fenesfrations. (3) The insulating glass units, fabricated with
laminated glass, must remain in the glassframeunder air blast pressure loading. (4) The
blast resistant glazingframemust maintain closure of the building envelope and not fail
under a GSA Level D air blast pressiu-e loading.
The GRTL staff utilized a sophisticated data acquisition system to coUect air blast
pressure-time histories from the blast resistant glazing tests and used high-speed cameras
to capture the dynamic characteristics of the test specimens under air blast pressure
loadings. This thesis provides a detailed description of the results from the air blast
pressure loadings and its effects on the blast resistant glazing.

Outline of Thesis
Chapter II describes the characteristics of an air blast pressure loading, glass
constmctions as blast resistant glazings, a discussion of glass strength, and a detailed
description of blast resistant glazing design. Chapter III describes the research
equipment, test specimen, and blast resistant glazing test procedures. Chapter FV
provides the test results with extensive discussion of data analysis from each blast.
Chapter FV compares predicted results with experimentally determined values. Chapter
V presents conclusions from the blast resistant glazing tests.

CHAPTER n
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Recent attacks in the United States and abroad have raised concems about blast
resistant glazing design. Understanding the behavior of window glass sfressed by an air
blast pressure loading can reduce casualtiesfromfiitureexplosions (Norville et al., 1996).
Consideration of blast effects makes blast resistant glazing design an important issue for
qualified stmctural engineers. Improper design or the absence of blast resistant glazing
can culminate in catasfrophic events on both buildings and their occupants in the event of
an air blast pressure loading. According to Norville and Conrath (2001), blast resistant
glazing design must be base on maintaining closure of fenestrations and eliminating or
reducing flying and falling glass shards. Eliminatingflyingand falling glass shards
greatly reduces or eliminates the number of glass related injuries in the event of an
explosion. Glass shards can fly at speeds greater than 100ft/sec(30.5 m/sec) (Misty,
1987) presenting significant danger to occupants in proximity to afracturedwindow.
Flying glass shards can injure occupants causing lacerations, contusions, abrasions, and
possibly death (NorviUe et al., 1999). Hearing related injures are common in the event of
an explosion such as diminished hearing ability, loss of balance, and headaches (NorviUe
and Conrath, 1999). Maintaining closure of fenestratíons in blast resistant glazing can
greatly reduce these injuries by eliminating air blast pressure penefration through the
fenestratíons (NorviUe and Conrath, 1999).

The Blast
Hinman and Hammond (1997) described an explosion as an extreme rapid release
of energy that comes in multíple forms such as sound, heat, light, and a shock wave.
Sound from an explosion creates the noise, the fire-ball rising from ground zero creates
the light; however, the shock wave constitutes the most destmctive release of energy.
The shock wave consists of highly compressed particles of air with subsequent pressure
increíise occurring almost instantaneously. According to Kinney and Graham (1985), the
shock wave gives no advanced waming of impending destmction since the blast wave
fravels faster than the speed of soimd. The destmctíon begins instantaneously and the
blast loading lasts for only afractionof a second.
Blast Pressure
Kirmey and Graham (1985) describe four phases of a blast wave as shown in
Figure 2.1. During the first phase, air pressure at normal atmospheric levels leave the
surrounding area undisturbed and normal. In the second phase, the blast wave causes the
pressm-e to jump instantaneously to a peak value without waming. The blast wave then
decreases quasi-exponentially imtil the pressure reaches atmospheric. At this instant, the
pressure transitíons from positíve to negative, beginning the third phase. Air begins to
msh in,fillingin the air behind the shock wave, creating a negatíve pressure phase. The
fourth and final phase consists of the pressure retuming to normal atínospheric pressure.
Time
Figure 2.1 - Ideal Blast Wave
According to NorviUe et al. (1999), three parameters describe a blast wave: (1)
the peak afr blast pressure, (2) the duratíon of the blast wave, and (3) the positíve phase
impulse. The first parameter, peak afr blast pressure, depends upon two parameters, the
charge size and the distance from ground zero, i.e., standoff distance. Peak afr blast
pressure varies dfrectly with charge size and v^th standoff distance. The second
parameter, the diu-ation of the blast wave, is the time it takes for air pressure to retum to a
constant atmospheric pressure. The duration of the blast wave depends upon the rate of
decay of the positive phase. Thefinalparameter, the positive phase impulse, consists of
the area under the positive phase air blast pressure-time history. In order to determine the
positive phase impulse one must know the peak air blast pressure, the duration of the
positive phase, and the rate of decay of the positive phase. These parameters allow the
determination of the positive phase impulse by integrating the area under the positive air
blast pressure-tíme history. The positíve phase load-impulse magnitude correlates
directly to the ability of a blast wave to cause damage (Kinney and Graham 1985).
Glass Constmctions as Blast-Resistant Glazings
Three main types of glass constmctions exist: monolithic glass, laminated glass,
and insulating glass. Window film, although not a blast resistant glazing constmctíon, can
aide in resisting low-level blasts. Monolithic glass consists of a single glass plate with a
homogeneous cross-sectíon. Monolithic glass is divided into three classifícations:
annealed, heat sfrengthened, andfiiUytempered. Monolithic annealed glass constitutes
the most basic glass type. Heat sfrengthened and fuUy tempered glass is derived from
pre-cut monolithic annealed glass lites. The heat treatment process consists of heating
the annealed glass to a temperature near its softening point and quenching it rapidly with
airjets. The airjets cool the outer surface rapidly while the inside cools at a slower rate
producing surface compressive sfresses on the outer glassfíbersand tensile sfresses in the
inner glass fibers (NorviIIe and Conrath, 1999). Different quenching rates produce heat
strengthened andfiiUytempered glass, resulting in different levels of surface compressive
sfresses. Heat sfrengthened window glass has surface compressive stresses ranging from
3500 psi (24.1 MPa) to 7500 psi (51.7 MPa) andfiiUytempered window glass has surface
compressive stresses in excess of 10000 psi (69.0 MPa) (Norville and Conrath, 1999).
Monolithic glass is a poor blast resistant glazing, and should be avoided in blast resistant
glazing design. Norville and Conrath (2001) gave three arguments against using
monolithic glass as a blast resistant glazing. (1) In order to resist even low-Ieve! blasts
withoutfracture,monolithic glass must be very thick and probably heat treated. (2)
Attemptíng to designing monolithic window glass againstfractureunder air blast
pressure loading would transfer most of the load to the stíuctural frame requiring
significantly larger members. (3) Afiniteprobability of breakage exists for a window
glass lite regardless of load resistance; whenfractureof monolithic glass occurs under
blast loading, "dire consequences ensue" (NorviIIe and Conrath 2001, pg. 82).
Laminated glass consists of two or more glass plies bonded to elastomeric
interiayers, usually polyvinyl butyral (PVB) (NorviUe and Conrath 2001). The PVB
interlayer creates a surface to which the glass shards adhere in the event of a fracture.
Post-breakage behavior of laminated glass gives it excellent characteristics as a blast
resistant glazing material.
According to NorviUe and Conrath (2001), glass-clad polycarbonate is a special
type of laminated glass. In glass-clad polycarbonate, epoxy or other adhesives bond two
monolithic glass plies to a polycarbonate interlayer. A polycarbonate sheet by itself
provides an effective blast resistant material; however, it has many inherent problems.
Polycarbonate's cost surpasses that of other types of glazing; it scratches easily and
degrades under ulfraviolet rays. Glass-clad polycarbonate allows an engineer to use the
favorable characteristics of polycarbonate sheets allowing the glass plies to provide
protectíon from scratching and ultraviolet degradation (NorviIIe and Conrath, 1999). The
two disadvantages of glass-clad polycarbonate include: glass-clad polycarbonate costs
much more than laminated glass with a PVB interiayer, and the coefficient of thermal
expansion for a polycarbonate sheet exceeds that of glass by approximately ten times,
thus causing delaminatíon after numerous temperature fluctuations.
Insulatíng glass units consist of two or more monolithic or laminated glass lites
enclosing a sealed afr space, creating a thenna! insulating barrier. NorviUe et al. (1996)
observed that an insulating glass unit provides some level of protectíon above that of a
single laminated glass lite under air blast pressure loading.
Poly(ethy!ene terephthalate) (PET)film,a retrofit window film, adheres to the
inside surface of glass lites in an attempt to reduce the number of glass shards that fall or
fly in the event of a fracture. Refrofit film applications generally work best for
preexistíng monolithic glass as the terminology implies. Norville and Conrath (2001)
stated this should only be an optíon for refrofit applications and not for new constmctions
because of its limitations including: (1) PET film's usefiilness is limited only to very low-
level blasts. (2) PET film scratches easily, and degrades easily under UV rays resultíng in
excessive maintenance costs.
According to NorviIIe et al. (1996), laminated glass performed the best out of all
other types of glazing in the Oklahoma City Bombing in all zones studied. Away from
the immediate area of ground zero, insulating glass performed with marginal success. At
thefiirthestobservation distance from ground zero, NorviIIe et al. (1996) noted that
insulating glass units performed successfiiUy. Monolithic glass performed poorly in all
zones studied at the Oklahoma City Bombing site. Finally, NorviIIe et al. (1996)
observed window glass with applied retrofit window fílm performed poorly in all zones.
Glass Streneth
Many parameters are necessary to determine glass strength such as load-induced
sfresses, statíc fatigue constant, and surface sfrength parameters (Norville 1990).
Extemal loads such as air blast pressure create load-induced stresses. The static fatígue
constant defines the rate of crack growth in glass. The surface strength parameters
describe the statistical variation of glass strength that controls surface flaws. Glass
sfrength is a random variable, i.e., non-deterministic; therefore, window glass design
must relate to a probability of failure rather than for a maximum or allowable sfress
(Norville 1990).
Griffith (1920) devised the most popular theory of glassfractiu-esfrength. His
theory suggests high localized stresses concenfrated in the neighborhoods of minute
surface flaws confrol glass fracture. Shand (1969) added to this model and developed a
relationship between the maximum principal tensile stress and the maximum loca! sfress
through the use of an idealized surface flaw. He also noted that the level of tensile stress
that initiates glassfracturecan range from 1,000 psi (69.0 kPa) to more than 300,000 psi
(207000 kPa). He determined that treatment of the glass, environmental exposure, effects
of load duration, and the stress concentration in minuteflawscause the wide variatíon in
glass strength. Beason (1980) developed a failure prediction mode! for window glass
which relates the probability of failure to the characteristic of glass plate surface flaws
through the use of WeibuII's (1939) statística! theory for the sfrength of material.
NorviUe (1990) developed a dynamic failure predictíon model for annealed window glass
lites based upon load-induced stresses, static fatigue constant, and surface strength
parameters. He used the theory offracturefor window glass lites to relate the strength of
glass to a spatially uniform dynamic loading.
Glass strength largely depends on the duration of applied loads (Black 1935).
Figure 2.2 indicates that tensile stress levels at whichfractureinitíates varies mversely
with sfress duration. This characteristíc causes an apparent increase in glass strength
imder very short diu-atíon air blast loading, but according to NorviUe (1990) an afr blast
pressure loading creates higher mode shapes in window lites which resuUs in higher
stresses and a radically different stress distribution in the glass than if the loading occurs
at a quasi-static rate. These higher stresses and their distribution overshadow the increase
in strength of window glass imder short duration load. Although •window glass strength
increases with shorter duration loads, this increase is generally not large enough to
counteract the effects of even small air blast pressure loadings (NorviUe, 1990).
</)
</)
C/3
Duration
Figure 2.2 - Duration of Applied Load versus Fracture Stress
10
Blast-Resistant Glazing Desien
No uniformly accepted approach to blast resistant glazing design currently exists.
According to Norville and Conrath (2001), state-of-the-art blast resistant glazing design
consists of formulatíng a trial design and testing it at a designed air blast pressure load.
When formulating a tria! design, one must consider three factors: the window glass type
and constmction, the framing system, and the attachment of the glazing to the frame
(Norville and Conrath, 1999). The window glass must consist of either a laminated or
insulatíng glass unit fabricated with laminated glass. Theframingsystem must resist the
fiill load acting on the glazing and frame. The attachment of the window glass to the
framing system should hold thefracturedlite in theframeimder air blast pressure loading
(Norville et al., 1999). The connection of theframeto the stmcture must also resist air
blast pressure loading.
NorviUe and Conrath (2001) developed a relatíonship between equivalent
hemispherical trinifrotoluene (TNT) weight and standoff distance to a 60-second duratíon
equivalent design load for a blast resistant glazing fabricated with laminated glass. They
took into consideration the magnitude of reflected air blast pressure, magnitude of
positive phase impulse, and resultsfromblast tests involving laminated glass and
insulting glass fabricated with laminated glass to develop this relatíonship. This
relationship yields design loads for only laminated glass and insulating glass fabricated
with laminated glass lites with a recommended PVB interlayer of at least 0.030 in. (0.762
mm). When subjected to air blast pressure loadings, laminated glass or insulating glass
units fabricated with laminated glass designed using this relationship willfracturebut
11
wil! eliminate or reduce flying and falling glass shards and maintain closure of
fenesfrations. Because of the change in design load duration in ASTM E-1300, NorviUe
and Conrath modified this relationship to reflect a 3-sec duration equivalent design load.
Figure 2.3 shows this relationship (ASTM, hi Ballot).
Standoff Distance (m)

7 8 9 10 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120
40 50 125 150 200 250 300

Standoff Distance (ft)
Figure 2.3 - Relationship Between Standoff Distance, TNT Charge Size, and 3-
Second Equivalent Design Load
12
CHAPTERIII
RESEARCH EQUIPMENT AND TEST PROCEDURES
Introductíon
The GRTL at Texas Tech University conducted several blast resistant glazing
tests using a specific charge size at a fixed standoff distance. These tests required many
different elements for successfijl completíon. One element consists of pre-blast
preparation. This includes finding an adequate blast site, installing the glass specimen,
setting up high-speed cameras, setting up the data acquisitíon system, and preparing the
blast components. Proper pre-blast preparation insured successfiil data acquisition of air
blast pressures and insures the high-speed cameras capture the blasts. Other
responsibilities included post-blast dutíes such as clean up and data analysis. Data
analysis formed a basis for determining loads acting on the blast resistant glazing.
Chapter III describes the equipment and procedures utilized in the blast resistant glazing
tests.
Blast Site
The blast site, located 7 miles west of Tahoka, Texas, and 40 miles south of Texas
Tech University, creates an ideal location for blast testíng. Located amidst cotton fields,
this site offers an area with flat terrain secluded from any houses or populated areas. This
minimizes any possible problems that may arise with the public's concem with noise or
their general concems of an explosion. Although secluded, the blast site offers electrical
13
power. Pre-blast setup, the data acquisition system, and the high-speed cameras al!
require electrical power.
Research Equipment
Blast Reaction Chamber
The blast reaction chamber consisted of a reinforced steelframewith a stee! plate
securing and enclosing the area behind the test specimen. Stmctural steel W-sectíons
comprise the chamber's frame and stmctural steel plates of ^/g in. (9.53 mm) and VA in.
(6.35 mm) thicknesses create the outer skin of the blast reaction chamber. This design
allowed resistance to air blast pressure loading and facilitated relatively simple mounting
of glazing constmctíons to the blast reaction chamber. The GRTL staff retrofitted the
original blast reaction chamber to secure the prefabricated test specimen discussed in the
next section. The enclosed space behind the test specimen housed the stmctura!
members, witness panels, and eliminated air blast pressure from wrapping around the test
specimen. Figure 3.1 shows the blast reaction chamber with a test specimen moimted.
14
Figure 3.1 - Blast Reactíon Chamber with Mounted Specimen
Test Specimen
The test specimen consisted of eight heat sfrengthened insulating glass units,
fabricated with laminated glass mounted in an aluminum frame as shown in Figures 3.1
and 3.2. Each insulating glass unit consists of two VA in. (6 mm) heat sfrengthened
laminated glass lites with a 0.030 in. (0.762 ram) PVB interlayer sealing a Vi in. (13.0
mm) air space. Architectural specifications required a green tint on the test specimen.
Therefore, the laminated glass required heat strengthening to resist thermal induced
stresses. The two larger panels shown in Figure 3.1 served as operable vents. Latching
the vents at the bottom and hinging them at the top allow them to open and close. AU
15
other insulating glass imits, fabricated with laminated glass, adhere securely to the
aluminiun frame and can neither open nor close.
The test specimen had the same bolt sizes and spacing used in thefieldto secure
the test specimen to the blast reaction chamber and insured uniformity of the test method
and results. The designers sized theframe,and its attachment to resist a GSA Level D air
blast pressure loading. Figure 3.2 shows the test specimen and dimension of each panel.
-G'-G"-
_2'_7Í'C l'-3"
2'-8 4 -2'-5 2 i'-\\;

_pio"
^ ^
^ ^
111"
Figure 3.2 - Test Specimen and Glass Frame
Witness Panel
The GRTL staff used "Star-R-Foam" insulating panels to act as wittiess panels.
The panels mounted 12.0 in. (30.5 cm) behind the test specimen. The Star-R-Foam
16
insulating panels constmction consists of a thin aluminum skin stretched over a blue
Styrofoam core. The contrast of the silver on blue allows an inspector to easily find
perforations in the witness panel caused by flying or falling glass shards. Any glass
fragment that perforates the aluminum skin of the witness panel constitutes a failure for
the series of blasts discussed in this thesis.
Blast Equipment
The blast equipment consisted of all equipment required to conduct a
scientifically controUed blast test. Ladshaw explosives stacked five, 50.0 Ib. (22.7 kg)
bags of ANFO, at a standoff distance of 75 ft (22.9 m), shown in Figure 3.3. An electric
shock tube initiator used a 9 volt battery to ignite the shock tube, which contained a high
density powder explosive in a plastic tube. The shock tube subsequently detonated a
blasting cap. The blasting cap detonated a 1/3 Ib. (151 kg) cast booster made from a high-
grade explosive. Since A I ^ O is a relatively stable substance (Hinman and Hammond,
1997), a high-grade explosive is required to detonate the ANFO. The booster detonated
the ANFO creating an air blast pressure loading. A data acquisition system then recorded
the air blast pressures.
17
^'-ri,*^^-
Figure 3.3 - Five, Fifty-Pound Bags of ANFO with Booster.
Data Acquisition Svstem
The data acquisition system consisted of three PCB Piezoelectric reflected
pressure transducers, one PCB Piezoelectricfreefieldpressure transducer, a PCB
Piezoelectric rack power supply, a Zonic Medallion Mobile FFT analyzer, a Dell Inspiron
8100 notebook with "eZ-Analyst using ZonicBook Softtware," foiu- three himdred foot
long coaxial cables, four twelve inch long coaxial cables, and an unintermptible power
supply as showoi schematically in Figure 3.4. Four, three himdred-foot long coaxial
cables connected the three reflected air blast pressure transducers and thefreefield
18
pressure transducer to the PCB Piezoelectric rack power supply. Twelve-inch long
coaxial cables connected the PCB Piezoelectric rack power supply to the Zonic
Medallion Mobile FFT analyzer, which connected to the notebook computer through a
data acquisition card as shown in Figure 3.4. The PCB Piezoelectric rack power supply,
the Zonic Medallion mobile FFT analyzer, and the notebook computer connected to an
unintermptible power supply ensuring continuous power during data acquisition. The
PCB Piezoelectric free field pressure transducer, Figure 3.5, mounted on a stake next to
the test specimen. The three PCB Piezoelectric reflected pressure transducers, shown in
Figure 3.6, affixed vertically to the blast reactíon chamber at 1.44 ft (0.439 m), 4.10 ft
(1.25 m), and 7.25 ft (2.21 m) above the ground as shown in Figure 3.7. Coaxial cables
connected the pressure transducers to the PCB Piezoelectric rack power supply.
PCB Piezoelectric Reflected

Pressure Transducers PCB Piezoelectric Free Field
Pressure Transducer
eZ-Analyst using
ZonicBook Software
Zonic MedallionMobile
FFT Analyzer
BOOOO||»L
« 5 (, 7 «811 r
OOÔÔ0009 Q ^ J " 3.
DellInspironSlOO
PCB Piezoelectric Rack Notebook
PowerSupply
12" Coaxial
Cables
Figure 3.4 - Data Acquishion System
19
Figure 3.5 - PCB Piezoelectric Free Field Figure 3.6 - PCB Piezoelectric
Pressiu-e Transducer Reflected Pressure Transducer
4'-
Figure 3.7 - PCB Piezoelectric Reflected and Free Field Pressure

Transducer Arrangement
20
PCB Piezoelectric Reflected Pressure Transducer
The GRTL stafîmounted three PCB piezoelectric reflected pressure transducers,
shown in Figures 3.6 and 3.8, normal to the explosives andflushwdth the blast reaction
chamber. This ensured proper reflected pressure readingsfromthe reflected pressure
transducers. The staff secured the reflected pressure transducers to the 3/8 in. (0.952 cm)
steel plate on the blast reaction chamber. Washers ensured a tight connection to the steel
plate and a single nut secured the reflected pressure transducers as shown in Figure 3.8.
A bayonet navel connector (BNC) connected the reflected pressiu-e transducers to the
coaxial cables. The GRTL staff secured al! cablesfromthe reflected pressure transducers
to the blast reaction chamber using duct tape to reduce the blast effects on the cables.
The reflected pressure transducer mounting system has three parts. The outer
portion consists of the mounting disk. The fabricated circular Teflon mold connects the
mountmg disk to the reflected pressure transducer as shovm in Figure 3.8.
ReflectedPressure
Mounting i^ Transducer
Disk
Washers and Nut
BNC Connector
Transducer
3/8"SteelPlate
Figure 3.8 - Reflected Pressure Transducer and

Mounting Assembly
21
PCB Piezoelectric Free Field Pressure Transducer
One PCB Piezoelectric series 137A12 ICP pressure transducer, shown in Figures
3.5 and 3.9, acquired free field air blast pressure-time historiesfromtest blasts. The
GRTL staff mounted the free field pressure transducer in an axial directíon to the blast
source and aligned the sensing surface in the vertical plane. This ensured proper free field
air blast pressure-time data acquisitionfromthe free field pressure transducer. The
GRTL staff drove a stake into the ground to secure the PCB Piezoelectricfreefield
pressure transducer above the ground surface. Two bolts attached the plastic mounting
bracket to the stake which held the PCB Piezoelectricfreefieldpressure transducer. A
single plastic set pin secured the pressure probe to the plastic mounting bracket as shown
in Figure 3.5.
A single BNC connector connected thefreefieldpressure transducer to the
coaxial cable which connected to the PCB Piezoelectric rack power supply. The free
field pressure transducer has a total length of 16.0 m. (406 mm) with a sensing element
6.20 in. (158 mm)fromthe tip of the pressure transducer as shown in Figure 3.9.
Sensing
BNC Connector Element
\ ^ ^
-16,000 in.-
Figure 3.9 - Free Field Pressure Transducer
22
The eZ-Analvst Using ZonicBook Software
The eZ-Analyst using ZonicBook Software collected air blast pressure-time
histories in conjunction with the Zonic Medallion mobile FFT analyzer and the data
acquisition card. The GRTL staff configured the system to trigger when thefreefield
pressure transducer sensed a positive air pressure change greater than 0.270 psi (1.86
kPa). Once triggered, the eZ-Analyst using ZonicBook Sofhvare coUected 40,960 points
per second for all four pressure transducers. The GRTL staff determined data acquisition
for 0.05 second would adequately record the entire positive blast phase. This allowed
0.01 second for pre-blast data acquisition, and 0.04 second for air blast pressure data
acquisition. To ensure acquisition of the initíal air blast pressures, the ZonicBook
analyzer buffered datafromthe system contínuously. The system then retíieved and
saved the buffered data for 0.1 seconds, or specified duratíon, prior to system triggering.
The system has a voltage range of 0 to 2.27 volts. This corresponded to a maximum
pressure of 22.7 psi (157 kPa) on thefreefieldpressure transducer and 68.0 psi (469 kPa)
on the reflected pressure fransducer.
ConWep Software
The GRTL staff used ConWep software (TM 5-855-1,1992) to predict the
positive phase duration, the peak air blast pressure, and the positíve phase impulse caused
from an explosive materia! at afixedstandoff distance. This software uses applicatíons
from TM 5-855-1 (1992) to perform blast effect calculatíons. The GRTL staff also used
ConWep software (TM 5-855-1,1992) to scale the peak afr blast pressures and positive
23
phase impulses obtained from thefreefieldpressurefransducerand the reflected pressure
transducers. This data facilitated the prediction of the air blast pressures acting on the
center of the test specimen.
High-Speed Cameras
The GRTL staff used high-speed cameras to analyze the dynamic characteristics
of the glass under air blast pressure loading. Photec and Locam high-speed cameras
captured the blasts. The Photec high-speed camera, capable of taking 1000framesper
second, sat next to the Locam high-speed camera, capable of taking 450framesper
second. The GRTL staff placed both high-speed cameras 75 ft (22.9 m) awayfromthe
blast reaction chamber. The Locam high-speed camera used a C-mount telephoto 22.5 to
90 mm zoom lens. The Photec high-speed camera used afixedMamiya 80 mm lens.
Each camera used Kodak Ektachrome high-speed daylight film with an ISO of 400.
The GRTL staff activated the cameras remotely one to two seconds prior to the blast and
ran them for the entire blast phase. Activating the cameras one to two seconds prior to
the blast allows the cameras to achievefiillspeed by the time the blast event occurs
(Smith 2003). Figure 3.10 shows the Locam high-speed camera and Dr. Milton Smith
adjusting the camera lens.
The GRTL staff sent the exposed film off for development. This consisted of
developing the Kodak Ektachrome high-speed film and transferring it to VHS format.
One second viewed on high-speed film translates to 38 seconds viewed on VHS format
video tape for aframerate of 1000framesper second. This shows the dynamic
24
characteristics of the blast effects on the glazing at speed discemable to the human eye
facilitatíng a more thorough analysis.
Figure 3.10 - Dr. Milton Smith with Locam High-Speed Camera
Test Procedures
Proper installation of the test specimen constitutes the first basic step involved in
conductíng a successfiil test blast. The GRTL staff secured the test specimen to the blast
reaction chamber and sealed the test specimen by placing duct tape around it. The GRTL
staff then mounted a witness panel 12.0 in. (30.5 cm) behind the test specimen. The
25
author secured the reflected pressure transducers to the blast reaction chamber as
previously discussed. The GRTL staff then drove a stake into the ground next to the blast
reaction chamber to secure thefreefieldpressure transducer. Four, 300 ft (91.4 m) long
coaxial cables ran along the ground from thefreefieldpressure transducers and the
reflected pressure transducers to the PCB Piezoelectric rack power supply. The author
then set up the data acquisition system a safe distancefromthe blast arena. Set up
included configuring the DELL Inspiron 8100 and the "eZ-Analyst using ZonicBook
Software" and connecting the Zonic Medallion Mobile FFT Analyzer to the DELL
Inspiron 8100 computer. The author then connected the coaxial cablesfromthe pressure
sensors to the PCB Piezoelectric rack power supply, and connected the Zonic Medallion
Mobile FFT analyzer to the PCB Piezoelectric rack power supply. The GRTL staffthen
tested the data acquisition system upon completing installation of all system components.
Testing the system involved initíalizing the system and triggering it by exciting each
sensor to ensure the system worked properly and the computer recorded pressures. When
the system passed all tests, the GRTL staff initíalized the instruments to sense an increase
in air pressure.
Ladshaw Explosives delivered the blast components from Hobbs, New Mexico.
The GRTL staff placed the explosives 75 ft (22.9 m) normal to the test specimen and
placed 250 Ib. (113 kg) of ANFO at this point. The blast director then placed a blasting
cap in the explosives and installed the shock tube. The GRTL provided hard hats and ear
plugs to all individuals present at the blast site and checked to verify all spectators and
staff members maintained a safe distance from the blast arena. Upon verification of all
26
safety precautions, the blast director detonated the explosives. Two seconds prior to the
blast, staff members activated the high-speed cameras. The data acquisition system
automatically triggered once the system detected an increase in air pressure on the free
field pressure transducer and it recorded data for 0.05 second, as previously discussed.
Immediately following the blast, the GRTL staff saved the air blast pressure-time
histories to the hard drive of the Dell Inspiron 8100 laptop computer and also to a floppy
disk to prevent potential loss of the air blast pressure-time histories due to an unforeseen
system failure. Subsequent to the blast, the GRTL staff visually inspected the glazings.
Next, the GRTL staff examined the glazing'sfractureorigins and fractures. Finally, the
staff examined the witness panels for evidence of any glass shard impacts. After
completion of all necessary inspections, the GRTL staff secured all blast equipment and
cleaned up the blast site. Afterwards, the GRTL staff analyzed the air blast pressure-
time histories as next chapter discusses in great detail.
27
CHAPTER W
TEST RESULTS
Infroduction
The research conducted at Texas Tech University involved testing a blast resistant
glazing under full scale loading. The blast resistant glazing was sized to resist a GSA
Level D loading, with a peak reflected air blast pressure of 10.0 psi (68.9 kPa) and a
positive phase impulse of 80.0 psi-msec (551 kPa-msec). The GRTL staff utilized 250 Ib
(113 kg) of ANFO at a standoff distance of 75.0 ft (22.9 m), which produces a predicted
peak reflected air blast pressure of 14.3 psi (98.9 kPa) and a reflected positive phase
impulse of 81.6 psi-msec (563 kPa-msec). The GRTL staff performed five blast tests.
The first blast test, a calibration blast, ensured all systems worked properly. The data
acquisition system successfiilly acquired datafromthe second, fourth, andfífthblasts.
Data acquisition failed for the third blast due to technica! diffículties. This chapter
outlines the results of three sets of air blast pressure data.
The data acquisition system acquired four sets of raw data from each blast, three
reflected pressures-time histories and one free field air blast pressure-time history. The
GRTL staff analyzed the air blast pressure-tíme histories to predict the peak air blast
pressure and positive phase impulse acting on the test specimens. This chapter presents
air blast pressure-time histories from the middle and top reflected pressure fransducers.
The GRTL staff determined ground interference with the blast waves produced poor
28
results from the bottom reflected pressure transducer. Chapter FV discusses the analyses
of acquireddata.
Experimentallv Determined Results
Data Acquisition
The data acquisition system discussed in Chapter III acquired air blast pressures-
time histories from three blast tests. The data acquisition system acquired 40960 points
per second. ConWep software (TM 5-855-1, 1992) predicted 250 Ib (113 kg) of ANFO
at a standoff distance of 75.0 ft (22.9 m) would have a positive phase duratíon of 0.0172
msec. Using these predicted results, the GRTL staffdetermined data acquisition for 0.05
second would adequately capture the positive phase air blast pressure-time histories.
This allowed 0.01 second pre-blast data acquisition and 0.04 second air blast pressure
acquisition. The system captured 2048 points in 0.05 second at a time step of 0.0000244
second.
Following each blast the GRTL staff downloaded the air blast pressure-time
histories to a spreadsheet. This facilitated efficient computation of the blast wave
parameters: the peak air blast pressure, p°, the wave form parameter, a, and the positive
phase impulse. This section describes the computation of each blast wave parameter.
Transducer Sensitivitv
The eZ-analyst using Zonicbook Software acquired air blast pressure-time history
with time in seconds and pressure in millivolts. Multiplying the signal obtained in
29
miUivoIts by the sensitivity of each transducer yields the pressure in psi attíme,t. Each
fransducer has a different sensitivity and the PCB electronics technicians determined
these values through calibration. Table 4.1 gives the sensitivity of each transducer and
Appendixes A, B, and C show the conversion of pressure in miUivoIts to pressure in psi
for the reflected and free field pressure transducers.
Table 4.1 - Transducer Sensitivity
Free Field Middle Reflected Top Reflected

Pressure Transducer Transducer Transducer
psi/miUivolts Psi/millivolts psi/miUivoIts
(kPa/miUivoIts) (kPa/milIivoIts) (kPa/miIlivolts)
10.0 29.2 28.1
(69.0) (20.2) (194)
Zero Offset Correction
Each set of air blast pressure-time histories offset from the digital zero pressure
line. The GRTL staff applied a calculated correction factor to all data sets to correct this
offset. The GRTL staff calculated the average offset from the recorded zero pre-blast
pressure line to the digital zero pressure line for each pre-blast point, and then subfracted
the average offset from each of the 2048 points to correct this offset. Appendixes A, B,
and C show the zero offset correction for each pressure transducer from each blast. Table
4.2 gives the correction factors for each pressure transducer for each blast.
30
Table 4.2 - Zero Offset Correction Factors
Blast 2 Blast 4 Blast 5

Reflected Reflected Reflected
Free Free Free
Middle Top Middle Top Middle Top
Field Field Field
Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi Psi
(kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa)
-0.123 -0.0913 0.177 -0.577 -1.02 0.0768 -0.351 -0.123 0.0456
(-0.848) (-0.629) (1.22) (3.98) (-7.01) (0.542) (-2.42) (-0.848) (0.314)
Peak Air Blast Pressure
Technical inadequacies associated with the free field and reflected pressure
fransducers make the prediction of the actual peak air blast pressures difficult. This
results from the inability in digital readings to capture the exact peak air blast pressure.
Ethridge (1965) presented a procedure for determining the peak air blast pressure to
resolve this problem. This procedure predicts the peak air blast pressure at the
instantaneous pressure rise. The author foUowed these guidelines to determine the peak
air blast pressure.
According to Ethridge (1965), the initíal portion of an air blast pressure-time
history yields a line on a semi-Iog plot of pressure versus time. Obtaining this line allows
the extrapolation of the peak air blast pressure. The GRTL staff used this procedure to
predict the peak air blast pressure on the reflected pressure transducers.
The GRTL staff plotted the initia! portion of the blast curve on a semi-Iog plot of
air blast pressure versus time. The author used a spreadsheet to fit a line to the initial
portion of the air blast pressure-time histories. Equation 4.1 yields the form of the line fit
31
to each data set. The GRTL staff solved for the air blast pressure at time zero to predict
the peak air blast pressure.
y = m*Ln{x) + b Equatíon 4.1
where:
y = time, sec.
m = slope
X = air blast pressure, psi
b = time intercept, sec.
The Wave Form Parameter
The wave form parameter yields the exponentíal decay rate of an air blast
pressure-time history. Ethridge (1965) notíced when plottíng the semi-log of an air blast
pressure-time history it yields a straight line for the entire blast. In order to determine the
wave form parameter, the GRTL staff plotted the semi-Iog of pressure versus tíme for the
logarithmic linear portion of the blast. Next, the author used a spreadsheet to determine
the equation of the exponential trend line for the air blast pressure-time histories.
Equation 4.2 gives the equation for an exponentíal trend line. From this equation the
author predicted the wave form parameter.
32
a
— X
^r*o'<i
y = C*e' Equation4.2
where:
y = pressure, psi
C = constant
x = time, sec.
a = decay rate
td = positive phase duration, sec.
Ideal Air Blast Pressure-Time History
The determination of the ideal air blast pressure-time history requires the values
of the peak air blast pressure, the wave form parameter, and the positive phase duration.
Kinney and Graham (1985) give Equation 4.3 to describe the ideal air blast pressure-tíme
history. This equation smoothes the experimentally obtained air blast pressure-time
histories and gives an ideal air blast pressure-time history. Taking the integral of
Equatíon 4.3 over the duration of the entire positive phase yields the predicted positive
phase impulse of the blast. Equation 4.4 shows the equation for the positíve phase
impulse.
33
p^p"* 1 - — *e '" Equation 4.3
where:
p = air blast pressure, psi
p° = peak air blast pressure, psi
t = time, sec.
t
-a—
.0 :|c
*e '" dt Equation 4.4
\ ^d J
where:
I = positive phase impulse.
Reflected Pressure Transducers
Tliree reflected pressure transducers acquired air blast pressure-time histories
from the second, fourth, and fifth blasts. The GRTL staff mounted the reflected pressure
transducers at three different heights on the blast reaction chamber as discussed in
Chapter III. The GRTL staff discarded the air blast pressure-time histories from the
bottom reflected pressure transducer due to bouncing waves from the ground interfering
with measurements.
34
Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer, Second Blast
Figure 4.1 shows the raw data for the middle reflected pressure transducer for the
second blast. The GRTL staff plotted the initíal portion of this data set to predict the
peak air blast pressure. Figure 4.2 shows the initial portion of the air blast pressure-time
history for the second blast, the trend line for this data set, and the equatíon of the trend
line. Solving the equation given in Figure 4.2 for the air blast pressure at time zero yields
a peak air blast pressure of 14.4 psi (99.2 kPa). Equation 4.5 shows this calculatíon.
Figure 4.1 - Raw Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the

Second Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer
35
y =-0.0021 Ln(x) +0.0056
0.0006
0.0005
•o^ 0.0004
O
^ 0.0003
E
H 0.0002
0.0001
fOOOO 10.0000 100.0000

Pressure (psi)
Figure 4.2 - Semi-Log Plot of Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the
Initíal Portion of the Second Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer
0.0056
p",0 --0.0021
=e' = 14.39 psi Equation 4.5
The GRTL staff determined the wave form parameter for the second blast, middle
reflected pressure transducer by plotting the semi-log of air blast pressure versus time for
the linear log portion of the air blast pressure-time history. Figure 4.3 shows this plot, the
exponential tend line, and the equatíon for the trend line. From the equation given in
Figure 4.4 the author calculated a wave form parameter of 0.800. Equatíon 4.6 shows the
calculatíon of the wave form parameter.
36
100.0000
y = 7.1311e 106.74X
V)
3 10.0000
(/>
tf)
1.0000
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007
Time (sec)
Figure 4.3 - Semi-Log of Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the

a = 106.74 *t^= 106.74 * 0.007495 = 0.800 Equation 4.6
The final step in analyzing the air blast pressure history comprised of predicting
the ideal air blast pressure-time history and its positive phase impulse. The author used
Equation 4.3 to calculate the ideal air blast pressure-time history for the second blast,
middle reflected pressure transducer. Equatíon 4.7 gives the equation for the ideal air
blast pressure-time ftinction and Figure 4.4 shows the ideal air blast pressure-time
history. Integrating Equation 4.7 over the duration of the positive phase yields a positive
phase impulse of 42.0 psi-msec (290 kPa-msec) as given in Equatíon 4.8 for the second
blast, middle reflected pressure transducer.
37
\
/? = 14.39* 1- t ^ -106.74V
Equatíon 4.7
0.007495
16, 000000
14. 000000
S " 1? 000000
co
3 10 000000
£ 8 000000
3
6 000000
0)
4 000000
000000
000000
000000
-0.0010 0.0010 0.0030 0.0050 0.0070 0.0090
Time (sec)
Figure 4.4 - Raw and Ideal Air Blast Pressure-Time Histories for the
0.00786
/ = ^p dt = 42 psi-:
msec Equatíon 4.8
Top Reflected Pressure Transducer. Second Blast
The procedure for analyzing each reflected air blast pressure-time history consists
of repetitíon of the procedure previously described. Figure 4.5 shows the raw data
obtained from the second blast, top reflected pressure fransducer. Figures 4.6,4.7, and
4.8 show the plots to determine the peak air blast pressure, the wave form parameter, and
the positive phase impulse. Solving for the pressure at time zero for the equatíon given in
38
Figure 4.6 yields a peak air blast pressure of 13.8 psi (95.1 kPa). The equatíon in Figure
4.7 yields a wave form parameter of 0.915 and Equatíon 4.9 gives the ideal air blast
pressure-time function. Integratíng Equation 4.4 yields a positive phase impulse of 37.0
psi (255 kPa) at the reflected pressure transducer. Figure 4.8 shows the ideal air blast
pressure-time history.

Second Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer
39
0.000300
y = -0.0008Ln(x) + 0.0021
0.000250
^ 0.000200
'o'
^ 0.000150
1 0.000100
p
0.000050
0.000000
f
-0.000050
Pressure (psi)

Initial Portion of the Second Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer
100.000000
y = 5.11e,-130.54x
(psi)
g) 10.000000
Press
1.000000
0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
Time (sec)

40
16.000000
14.000000
12.000000
(0 10.000000
Q.
8.000000
6.000000
4.000000
s
Q. 2.000000
0.000000
-2.000000
-0.001 0.0000 0.0010 0.0020 0.0030 0.0040 0.0050 0.0060 0.0070
000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Time (sec)
Figure 4.8 - Raw and Idea! Air Blast Pressure-Time Histories for the
* -130.54«/
/7 = 13.82' 1-- Equation 4.9
0.007080
Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer. Fourth Blast
Figure 4.9 shows the raw data obtained from the fourth blast, middle reflected
fransducer. The author used Figures 4.10,4.11, and 4.12 to predict the blast wave
parameters. Using Figure 4.10 the GRTL staff predicted a peak air blast pressure of 12.2
psi (84.0 kPa). Figure 4.11 shows the logarithmic linear portion of the air blast pressure-
time history plotted on a semi-Iog plot. Using the equation shown in this figure, the
author calculated 0.722 for the wave form parameter. Equation 4.8 gives the air blast
pressure-time history for fourth blast. Integral Equation 4.10 yields a positive phase
41
impulse of 37.0 psi-msec (255 kPa-msec) at the reflected pressure transducer. Figure
4.12 shows the ideal air blast pressure-time history.

Fourth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer
42
V =-0.0014Ln(x) +0.0035
0.001200
0.001000
0.000800
$ 0.000600
I 0.000400
0.000200
0.000000
100
-0.000200
Pressure (psi)

Initial Portion of the Fourth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer
100
96.063X
(/) y = 5.9845e
a.
S?
D 10
(/)
(/)
9i
1
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
Time (sec)

43
14.000000
12.000000
(/) 10.000000
o.
8.000000
3 6.000000
(/)
tfí 4.000000
<0
2.000000
0.000000
-2.000000
-0.00100 0.001000 0.003000 0.005000 0.007000 0.009000
0
Time (sec)
/? = 12.18* 1-- t * -96.063'/

Equation4.10
0.007520,
Top Reflected Pressiu-e Transducer. Fourth Blast
Figure 4.13 shows the raw datafromthe fourth blast, top reflected pressure
transducer. The GRTL staff calculated a peak air blast pressure of 12.8 psi (88.3 kPa)
using Figure 4.14. The GRTL staff calculated 0.860 for the wave form parameter using
Figure 4.15. Taking the integral ofthe ideal air blast pressure-tíme functíon given in
Equatíon 4.11 yields the positíve phase impulse of 38.0 psi-msec (262 kPa-msec) at the
reflected pressure transducer. Figure 4.16 shows the ideal air blast pressure-time history.
44
Fourth Blast Top Reflected Pressure Transducer
0.000600 v =-0.0011Ln(x) +0.0028
0.000500
-c? 0.000400
0)
^ 0.000300
E
P 0.000200
0.000100
0.000000
10 100
Pressure (psi)

Initial Portion of the Fourth Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer
45
100
y = 4.9404e 109.42X
(/)
3 10
(fí
Ifí
(0
1
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
Time (sec)

Fourth Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer
1A nnnnnn
12.000000 IL
|l\ Ideal Data
^ 10.000000
^ 8.000000 L\. /
^ 6.000000 — \ ^ ^ ^ Raw Data
« 4.000000 ^V- ^ ^ A M. /
(^ 2.000000 ^N'^VV/
0.000000 ^ ^^^•^•*%
-2.000000 - ~t
-0.00100 0.001000 0.003000 0.005000 0.007000 0.009000
0
Time (sec)
Fourth Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer
46
/ * -109.42*/
/7 = 12.75* 1 - Equation 4.11
0.007861
Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer. Fifth Blast
Figure 4.17 shows the raw data from the fifth blast middle reflected pressure
fransducer. The middle reflected pressure transducer for the fifth blast, yielded a peak air
blast pressure of 14.4 psi (99.3 kPa) as shown in Figure 4.18. The GRTL staff calculated
1.127 for the wave form parameter using Figure 4.19. Taking the integral of the ideal afr
blast pressure-time function given in Equation 4.12 yields the positive phase impulse of
39.0 psi-msec (269 kPa-msec) at the reflected pressure transducer. Figure 4.20 shows the
ideal air blast pressure-time history.
0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030

Time (sec.)
Figure 4 . 1 7 - Raw Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the

Fifth Blast Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer
47
0 000800
y =-0.0012Ln(x) +0.0032
0 000700
0 000600
îo,000500
(/) ,000400
' 'o,000300
E„,000200
0
,000100
0
,000000
0 1.0000 10.0000 100.0000
Pressure (psi)
Figure 4.18 - Semi-Log Plot of Air Blast Pressure-Time History

Initial Portion of the Fifth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer
mn nnnn
lUU.UUUU
y = 6.6998e'^*®^^''
(psl)
3 10.0000 -
Press
1 .UUUU 1 1
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
Time (sec)

Fifth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer
48
16.000000
14.000000
Ideal Data
fz:- 12.000000
3 10.000000
g) 8.000000
5 6.000000 Raw Data
2 4.000000
Û^ 2.000000
0.000000
-2.000000
-0.00100 0.001000 0.003000 0.005000 0.007000 0.009000
0
Time (sec)
Fifth Blast, Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer
t U ^-148.28«/
/7 = 14.39* 1 - Equation4.12
0.007600.
Top Reflected Pressure Transducer. Fifth Blast
Figure 4.6(a) shows the raw data from the fifth blast, top reflected pressure
fransducer. The author predicted a peak air blast pressure of 14.1 psi (97.2 kPa-msec)
using Figure 4.6(b) for the top reflected pressure transducer for the fifth blast. The
GRTL staff predicted 1.76 for the wave form parameter using Figiu-e 4.6(c). Taking the
integral of the ideal air blast pressure-time fiinction, Equation 4.13, yields a positive
phase impulse of 36.0 psi-msec (248 kPa-msec) at the reflected pressure transducer.
Figure 4.6(d) shows the idea! air blast pressure-time history.
49
14.0000 n1 ^ ---
12.0000 -
^ 10.0000
fo. 8.0000 -
^ 6.0000
= 4.0000
e 2.0000
°" 0.0000
-2.0000
-4 nnnn
0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030
Time (sec.)

Fifth Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer
0,001000 V =-0.0014Ln(x) +0.0037

0,000900
0.000800
^ 0,000700
o
(U 000600
(/>
<D
000500
E 000400
000300
000200
000100
000000
1.0000 10.0000 100.0000
Pressure (psl)
Figure 4.22 - Semi-Log Plot of Air Blast Pressure-Time History for the
Initial Portion of the Fifth Blast, Top Reflected Pressure Transducer
50
100.0000
-209.56X
y = 7.321 e
(/)
3
Sí
3 10.0000
(/)
(/)
aî
Q.
1.0000
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
Time (sec)

16.000000
14.000000 ^ Ideal Data
12.000000
(fí
3
10.000000
8.000000
Dvv /
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ RawData
(0 6.000000
(0
0) 4.000000 >OKi^ y
2.000000 ^^VSAÍ^
0.000000
, ^•SyUbi^
-2.000000 r 1 1 '
-0.00100 0.001000 0.003000 0.005000 0.007000 0.009000

0
Time (sec)
51
/7 = 14.05* I *e-209.«-r Equation4 13
l 0.008400 J Equduon^.ij
Free Field Pressure Transducer
The GRTL staff acquired onefreefieldor incident air blast pressure-tíme history
for each blast. Appendixes A, B, and C gives the raw air blast pressure-tíme histories
from thefreefieldpressurefransducer,the zero offset corrections, and the ideal pressure-
tíme history calculations for each blast. The GRTL staff analyzed each set of raw blast
data to obtain the peak free field air blast pressure, p°, the wave form parameter, a, and
the positive phase impulse.
Free Field Pressure Transducer. Second Blast
Figure 4.25 shows the raw data recorded from thefreefieldpressure transducer
for the second blast. Using the same procedure to determine the peak air blast pressure as
shown previously yields a smaller value for the peak air blast pressure than the raw peak
air blast pressure acquired from thefreefieldpressure transducer. The GRTL staff
estimated the peak air blast pressure as the raw peak air blast pressurefromthefreefield
pressure transducer. The free field pressure transducer recorded a peak air blast pressure
of 8.38 psi (57.8 kPa-msec) for the second blast. The author used direct numerical
integration to predict the positive phase impulse at thefreefieldpressure fransducer.
This transducer produced consistent, smooth, and non-erratíc test data. Therefore, the
GRTL staff felt direct integration represented the positive phase impulse accurately. The
52
author determined the wave form parameter using trial and error to match the positíve
phase impulse from direct integration to the positive phase impulsefromthe idea! air
blast pressure history. A wave form parameter of 1.0 matched the impulses for the
experimental and ideal pressure curves. The GRTL staff predicted an impulse of 41.0
psi-msec (283 kPa-msec) acted on thefreefieldpressure transducer. Appendixes A, B,
and C show the direct integration of the free fíeld positíve phase impulse. Figure 4.26
shows the ideal air blast pressure-time history.
0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
<A 4 ,0000
a.
£ 3.0000
S«) 2 0000
0000
l^ 0000
0
1.)^ »»»»<•*
-1 0000
-2 0000
-3 0000
-4 0000
0.000000 0.005000 0.010000 0.015000 0.020000 0.025000 0.030000 0.035000 0.040000 0.045000 0.050000
Time (sec.)

Second Blast, Free Field Pressure Transducer
53
9.000000
8.000000
7.000000
(0
6.000000
3 5.000000
3 4.000000
tfí
3.000000
<n
0) 2.000000
1.000000
0.000000 ^r-i
-1.000000
-0.0010 0.0040 0.0090 0.0140
Time (sec)
Second Blast, Free Field Pressure Transducer
Free Field Pressure Transducer. Fourth Blast
Figure 4.27 shows the raw data recorded from the free fíeld pressure fransducer
for the fourth blast. A direct numerical integration yielded an impulse of 39.0 psi-msec
(269 kPa-msec) and a peak afr blast pressure of 6.81 psi (47.0 kPa). The GRTL staff
predicted a wave form parameter of 0.7 for the fourth blast. Figure 2.28 shows the ideal
air blast pressure-tíme history.
54
8.0000
7.0000
6.0000
4.0000
I
" 3.0000
S
3
S 2.0000
1.0000
-1.0000
-2.0000
-3.0000
0.00EH)0 5.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.506-02 2.00E-02 2.50E-02 3.00E-02 3.50Ê-02 4.00E-02 4.50E-02 5.00E-02
Time (sec.)

Fourth Blast, Free Field Pressure Transducer
000000
000000
000000
(0
.000000
3 000000
¥
3
000000
(0 000000
(0
000000
000000 4
000000
-0.0010 0.0040 0.0090 0.0140
Time (sec)
Fourth Blast, Free Field Pressure Transducer
55
Free Field Pressiu-e Transducer. Fifth Blast
Figure 4.29 shows the rawfreefieldair blast pressure-time history for the fifth
blast. TheGRTLstaffpredictedawaveformparameterof l.I. TheGRTLstaff
predicted a peak air blast pressure of 7.83 psi (54.0 kPa) and an impulse of 39.0 psi-msec
(269 kPa-msec) acted on thefreefieldpressure transducer. Figure 4.30 shows the ideal
air blast pressure-time history.
7.000000
6.000000
5.000000
^ 4.000000
tfi
Q.
•J' 3.000000 •
3
2 2.000000
OT
-1.000000 ^w 1 y w w '*'^
-2.000000
-3.000000 J1 r- r 1 r ^ r- i , , ,
0.000000 0.005000 0.010000 0.015000 0.020000 0.025000 0.030000 0.035000 0.040000 0.045000 0.050000
Time (sec.)

Fifth Blast, Free Field Pressure Transducer
56
9.000000
8.000000
7.000000
0) 6.000000
3 5.000000
¥
3
4.000000
(0 3.000000
(0 2.000000
9>
1.000000
0.000000 i
-1.000000
-0.0010 0.0040 0.0090 0.0140
Time (sec)
Fifth Blast, Free Field Pressure Transducer
Summary
Table 4.3 gives a summary of the blast parameter of each blast for each
fransducer. This table gives the peak afr blast pressure, wave form parameter, positíve
phase duratíon, and the positive phase impulse from data analysis.
57
Table 4.3 - Summary of Blast Parameters
Peak Air Wave Positíve Positive

Blast # Transducer Blast Form Phase Phase
Pressiu-e Parameter Duration Impulse
psi psi-msec
(kPa) sec
(kPa-msec)
2 14.4 42.0
IVIiddle 0.800 0.00750
(99.3) (290)
2 13.8 36.0
Top 0.915 0.00708
(95.1) (248)
2 8.38 41.0
Free Field 1.00 0.0134
(57.8) (283)
4 12.2 37.0
Middle 0.722 0.00752
(84.1) (255)
12.8 38.0
4 Top 0.860 0.00786
(88.3) (262)
6.81 39.0
4 Free Field 0.700 0.0141
(47.0) (269)
14.4 39.0
5 IVliddle 1.13 0.00760
(99.3) (269)
14.1 36.0
5 Top 1.76 0.00840
(97.2) (248)
5 Free Field 7.83 1.10 0.0138 39.0
(54.0) (269)
Pressures Acting on the Middle of the Test Specimen
The GRTL staff used ConWep software (TM 5-855-1,1992) to predict the peak
air blast pressure and positive phase impulse actíng on the middle of the test specimen.
ConWep software (TM 5-855-1,1992) requires the coordinates of the reflecting surface
to predict the reflected peak air blast pressure and positive phase impulse acting on the
reflectíng surface. The GRTL staff placed the charge normal to the vertical centerline of
the test specimen; therefore the vertica! axis passes tlirough the middle of the reflecting
58
surface. Figure 4.31 shows the coordinate inputs for ConWep software (TM 5-855-1,
1992).
(-4.635,9)
(-4,125,7,a5) ® ''y ^
''/ ^/
(-4,125,4.104) 0
Figure 4.31 - Coordinates of Blast Reaction Chamber with Test Specimen Used with
ConWep Software (TM 5-855-1,1992)
The GRTL staff scaled the charge size and standoff distance to match the peak air
blast pressure and positive phase impulse recorded from each reflected pressure
fransducer to the peak air blast pressure and positive phase impulse predicted by ConWep
software (TM 5-855-1, 1992). The GRTL staff then used the scaled charge size and
standoff distance to predict the peak air blast pressure and positíve phase impulse, by
inputting the scaled values back into the software, acting on the center of the test
specimen located at [0 ft (0 m), 4.18 ft (1.27 m)]. Tables 4.4 through 4.6 show the peak
59
air blast pressure and positive phase impulse calculated from the reflected pressure
transducers' air blast pressure-time histories and the predicted values of the peak air blast
pressure and positíve phase impulse on the center of the test specimen. The column
labeled "Middle Transducer" shows the peak reflected air blast pressure and reflected
positive phase impulse recorded by the middle reflectíve pressure transducer. The
column labeled "Estimated on Test Specimen" shows the peak air blast pressure and
positive phase impulse from the scaled blast, acting on the middle of the test specimen.
The bottom row shows equivalent charge sizes and equivalent standoff distances used to
represent the peak air blast pressures and positive phase impulses acting on the reflected
pressure fransducers.
Table 4.4 - Peak Air Blast Pressure and Positíve Phase Impulse Acting on the
Reflected Pressure Transducer and Middle of the Test Specimen, Second Blast
Blast2
Estimated Estimated
Middle Top
on Test on Test
Transducer Transducer
Specimen Specimen
Peak Air Blast Pressure, psi 14.4 14.5 13.8 13.9
(kPa) (99.3) (100) (95.1) (95.8)
Impulse, psi-msec 42.0 70.5 36.0 61.5
(kPa-msec) (290) (486) (248) (424)
Equivalent Charge size, Ib 153 62.5 103 55.0
(kg) Standoff Distance, ft (m) (69.4) (19.1) (46.7) (16.8)
60
Table 4.5 - Peak Air Blast Pressure and Positíve Phase hnpulse Acting on the
Reflected Pressure Transducer and Middle of the Test Specimen, Fourth Blast
Blast 4
Estímated Estimated
Middle Top
on Test on Test
Specimen Specimen
(kPa) (84.1) (84.8) (88.3) (88.9)
Impulse, psi-msec 37.0 62.0 38.0 65.1
(kPa-msec) (255) (427) (262) (449)
Equivalent Charge size, Ib 137 65.5 145 65.0
(kg) Standoff Distance, ft (m) (62.1) (20.0) (65.8) (19.8)
Table 4.6 - Peak Air Blast Pressure and Positive Phase Impulse Acting on the
Reflected Pressure Transducer and Middle of the Test Specimen, Fifth Blast
Blast5
Estimated Estimated
Middle Top
on Test on Test
Specimen Specimen
(kPa) (99.3) (95.1) (97.2) (91.7)
Impulse, psi-msec 39.0 65.3 36.0 60.0
(kPa-msec) (269) (450) (248) (414)
Equivalent Charge size, Ib 122 58.0 96.0 58.0
(kg) Standoff Distance, ft (m) (55.3) (18) (43.5) (17.7)
The author also used ConWep software (TM 5-855-1,1992) to predict the peak
air blast pressure and positíve phase impulse acting on the center of the test specimen
from the recorded free field pressure transducer air blast pressure-time history. He scaled
the charge size and standoff distance to match the peak free field air blast pressure and
positive phase impulse for each blast. The author then used ConWep software (TM 5-
61
855-1,1992) to predict the peak air blast pressure and positive phase impulse acting on
the center of the test specimen using the values of the scaled charge size and standoff
distance. Table 4.7 shows the peak air blast pressures and positive phase impulses
obtained from the free field pressure transducer and the predicted peak air blast pressures
and positíve phase impulses acting on the center of the test specimen from the scaled
blãsts.
Table 4.7 - Estimated Peak Free Field

Air Blast Pressure and Positive Phase Impulse On the Test Specimen
Blast 2 Blast4 BlastS

Free Field Estimated Free Field Estimated Free Field Estimated
Pressure on Test Pressure on Test Pressure on Test
Transducer Specimen Transducer Specimen Transducer Specimen
Peak Air
blast 8.38 20.0 6.81 15.7 7.83 18.4
pressiu-e, psi (57.8) (137) (47.0) (108) (54.0) (127)
(kPa)
Impulse, 83.2 39.0 84.8
41.0 89.9 39.0
psi-msec (574) (269) (585)
(282) (619) (269)
(lcPa-msec)
Clearíng Time
According to Kinney and Graham (1985) as a blast wave strikes a reflecting
surface (i.e., the test specimen), a reflected air blast pressure occurs instantaneously. This
reflected air blast pressure has significantly greater pressure than the surtounding air. As
the blast wave hits the front face of the reflecting surface, it instantaneously feels the fiill
reflected air blast pressure. High pressure on the reflecting surface causes aflowof air
towards the lower pressure region around the blast reaction chamber. This pressure
62
difference causes an air flow, or rarefaction wave, on the reflecting surface. The
rarefaction wave causes the maximum positive phase impulse to occur at the stagnation
point of the reflecting surface and lower positíve phase impulses to act awayfromthis
point. Predicting the positive phase impulse on the center of the reflecting surface from
data obtained near the edge of the reflecting surface causes difficulties due to clearing
times calculatíons. According to Kinney and Graham (1985), no concise method for
estimating the rarefaction wave parameters exists. The prefabricated test specimen did
not allow for placement of the transducers in the middle of the test specimen. Therefore,
this required the placement of the reflected pressurefransducersnear the edge of the blast
reaction chamber. Placement of the reflected pressure transducers on the center of the
test specimen eliminates any difficuUy in predicting the positive phase impulse acting on
the center of the test specimen.
Peak Air Blast Pressure
The peak air blast pressures from thefreefieldpressure transducer show higher
peak air blast pressures than ConWep software (TM 5-855-1, 1992) predicted at the
center of the test specimen for each blast. According to ConWep software (TM 5-855-1,
1992) a 250 Ib (113 kg) charge size at a standoff distance of 75.0 ft (22.9 m) produces a
peak air blast pressure of 14.3 psi (98.9 kPa) and positive phase impulse of 81.6 psi-msec
(563 kPa-msec). The peak air blast pressure actíng on the middle of the test specimen,
found by scaling the peak air blast pressure from the reflected pressure transducers,
produce similar resuUs, within 3% for the second and fifth blasts, to the values predicted
63
by ConWep software (TM 5-855-1, 1992). The peak afr blast pressure actíng on the
middle of the test specimen found by scaling the peak air blast pressure from the free
field pressure transducer produces significantly higher results compared to predicted
values of the peak air blast pressure. Less error exists acquiring the peak air blast
pressure from the reflected pressure transducer than the free field pressure transducer
because aligning the reflected pressurefransducernormal to the explosion requires less
precision. Additionally, clearing times are insignificant in the scaling of the reflected
peak air blast pressure at the reflected transducer to the center of the test specimen
because the peak air blast pressure occurs instantaneously over the whole reflecting
surface as previously discussed. Therefore, the GRTL staff feels the peak air blast
pressure reported from the reflected pressurefransducerbest represents the actual peak
air blast pressure at the center of the test specimen. Thefreefieldpressure transducer
reported higher values of the peak air blast pressure than actually acted on the test
specimen. Table 4.8 shows the summary of the peak air blast pressure for each blast.
Positive Phase Impulse
The positive phase impulse actíng on the center of the test specimen, found by
scaling thefreefieldpositive phase impulsefromthefreefieldair blast pressure-tíme
histories, yielded similar results, within 10%, of the values predicted by ConWep
software (TM 5-855-1, 1992) for each blast. The positive phase impulses acting on the
center of the test specimen, found by scaling the reflected positíve phase impulses from
the reflected pressure transducers, yield significantly lower positive phase impulses at the
64
center of the test specimen than the theoretical values. Clearing times play a significant
role in predicting the positive phase impulse acting on the center of the test specimen
from the reflected pressure transducer located only six inchesfromthe edge of the blast
reaction chamber. Clearing time plays no role in the scaling of the positive phase
impulse obtained from thefreefieldpressure transducer to the center of the test
specimen. This eliminates any error involved in accounting for clearing times. The
GRTL staff determined the positive phase impulse obtained from thefreefieldpressure
fransducer scaled to the center of the test specimen more accurately. Table 4.8 shows the
estimated values of the positive phase impulses actíng ontiiecenter of the test specimen
for each blast.
Table 4.8 - Estímated Peak Air Blast Pressures and Positíve Phase Impulses
Acting at the Center of the Test Specimen
Blast2 Blast 4 Blast 5 Theoretical

Peak Air blast pressure, psi 14.4 12.6 14.3 14.0
(kPa) (99.3) (86.9) (98.6) (96.5)
Impulse, psi-msec 89.9 83.2 84.8 81.0
(kPa-msec) (620) (574) (585) (558)
Test Specimen Performance
Second Blast
In the second blast resistant glazing test, the test specimen underwent a peak air
blast pressure of 14.4 psi (99.3 kPa) and a positive phase impulse of 89.9 psi-msec (619
kPa-msec). The insulatíng glass units fabricated with laminated glass remained in the
frame and no glass shards embedded the witness panels. Glassfracturedin three
65
insulating glass units in the test specimen, the topright,top left, andrightmiddle, but
remained in the aluminum frame and maintained closure of their fenesfration. The
framing system failed as Figure 4.32 shows. The operable vent latches, discussed in
Chapter III, failed. AIso, the center connectíons failed on the frame. Figure 4.31 shows
this failiu-e. In order to prevent these failures, the GRTL staff installed blast resistant
latches and added reinforcement to the middle connections of the test specimens. The
GRTL staff performed the next blast subsequent to the completíon of these afrerations.
Figure 4.32 - Post Blast Test Specimen, Second Blast
66
Third Blast
Data acquisition for the third blast failed due to a technical error. Consequently,
this test was invalid although the test specimen behaved similarly to the second blast test
specimen.
Fourth Blast
The test specimen underwent a peak air blast pressure of 12.6 psi (86.9 kPa) and a
peak impulse of 83.2 psi-msec (574 kPa-msec). Nofractureoccurred under air blast
pressure loading on the insulating glass units, fabricated with laminated glass, and no
glass shards imbedded in the witíiess panel. Figure 4.33 shows the window glass
remained in the frame and maintained closure of fenesfratíons, but the left operable vent
failed, again due to the latches. The GRTL staff reinforced the connectíon between the
latch and the frame.
67
Figure 4.33 - Post Blast Test Specimen, Fourth Blast
Fifth Blast
The test specimen imderwent a peak air blast pressure of 14.3 psi (98.6 kPa) and a
phase impulse of 84.8 psi-msec (585 kPa-msec). Figure 4.34 shows the post-blast test
specimen from the fifth blast. The two middle insulatíng glass imits, fabricated with
laminated glass fractured under air blast loading. The units remain in their frame and
maintained closure of their fenestration. The witness panels remained free from any glass
shards. The frame maintained its integrity and did not fail under the air blast pressure
loading as shown in Figure 4.34. Therefore, the blast resistant glazing design adequately
resisted a GSA Level D air blast pressure loading.
68
Figure 4.34 - Post Blast Test Specimen, Fifth Blast
69
CHAPTER V
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The main objective of a blast resistant glazing is to reduce or eliminate glass
related injiuies from an air blast pressure loading. This design results in a reductíon or
elimination flying or falling glass shards and maintains closure of fenesfrations. The
glass frame must also resist air blast pressure loadings. Accomplishing this objective will
significantly reduce injuries from an air blast pressure loading.
Chapter IV gives the estímated air blast pressures acting on the center of the test
specimen. The test specimen for each blast resistant glazing test underwent an equivalent
or greater GS A Level D air blast pressure loading. Theframefor the test specimen failed
for the second, third, and fourth blasts. The failure modes for the first blast included a
failure of the latching devices for the operable vents on the test specimen and the center
connections for the glass frame. The GRTL staff reinforced the center connection on the
test specimen and the latches that held the operable vents shut. The operable vents failed
for the third and fourth blasts, but the center connectíon resisted the air blast pressure
loading. The GRTL staff reinforced the latches on the operable vents for thefifthand
final blast. The test specimen for thefifthblast test resisted afr blast pressure loading.
The insulating glass units, fabricated with laminated glass, successfiilly resisted a
GSA Level D air blast pressure loading. Although some insulting glass units fractured,
they remained in theframe,maintained closure of fenesfrations, and prevented any flying
or falling glass shards.
70
Future Research
No uniformly accepted approach to blast resistant glazing design currently exists.
Full scale blast tests are required to ensure a blast resistant glazing can resists a designed
air blast pressure loading. Future research can develop efficient blast resistant glazing
design and create uniform approaches to blast resistant glazing design.
Anyfiitureresearch must carefiilly align the free field and reflected pressure
transducers in the correct orientations to the explosion to ensure precise air blast pressure
data. Whenever possible, one should mount the reflected pressure transducers on the
reflecting surface where the peak air blast pressure and positíve phase impulse are of
concem. This facilitates a better estimation of the air blast pressures acting on the
reflecting surface.
71
REFERENCES
ASTM (fri Ballot). "Standard practice to specify an equivalent 3-second duratíon design
loading for blast resistant glazing fabricated with laminated glass." ASTM Fxxxx-
XX, ASTM fric, West Conshohocken, PA.
Beason, W. L. (1980). "A failure predictíon model for window glass." NTIS Accession
Number PB81-148421, fristítute for Disaster Research, Texas Tech University,
Lubbock, TX
Black, L.V. (1935). "Effect of the rate of loading of the breaking strength of glass."
Bulletin oftheAmerican Ceramic Society. Volume 15, No. 8, 274-75
Ethridge, N.M. (1965). "A procedure for reading and smoothing pressure - time data
for H.E. and nuclear explosions." Ballistic Research Laboratory Memorandum
Report No. 1691, Aberedeen Proving Grounds, MD
Griffith, A.A., (1920) "The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids." Philosophical
Transactions ofthe Royal Society ofLondon, CCXXI-A587, 163-179.
Hinman, E. E., and Hammond, D. J. (1997). Lessonsfrom the Oklahoma City

bombing: defensive design techniques, ASCE Press, New York, New York.
Kinney, G. F., and Graham, K.J. (1985). Explosive shocks in air. 2"'' Ed. Springer-
Verlag, New York.
Mays, G. S., and Smith, P. D. (1995). Blast effects on building: design ofbuildings to
optimize resistance to blast loading. Thomas Telford Publications, London.
Misty picture data: window glass experiment, final data report. (1987). Glass Research
and Testíng Lab., Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
Norville, H. S. (1990). "Dynamic failure predictíon for annealed window glass lites,"
Glass research and Testing L aboratory, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock,
TX
Norville, H. S., and Conrath, E.J. (2001). "Considerations for blast resistant glazing
design."y.^rc/i. Engr. ASCE, 7(3), 80-86.
NorviIIe, H. S., Smith, M.L., Harvill, N., Conrath, E.J., Shariat, S., and Mallonee, S.
(1999). "Glass-related injuries in the Oklahoma City bombing." J. Perf. Constr.
F û c A S C E , 13(2), 50-56
72
NorviIIe, H.S., Swofford, J.L., Smith, M.L., and King, K.W. (1996). Survey of window
glass broken by the Oklahoma City bomb on April 19, 1995, revised, Glass
Research and Testing Laboratory, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, TX
Shand, E.B. (1969). "New information on glassfracture."Proceedings ofAmerican

Scientific Glass Blowers Symposium. 117 - 128
Smith, M. (2003). Personal communication. Department of Industrial Engineering. Texas

Tech University, Lubbock, TX
TM 5-855-1 (1992). "Fundamentals of protective design for conventional weapons."

Headquarters, Department of the Army. Washington, D.C.
Weibull, W. (1939), "A statistícal theory of the strength of materials."

Ingeniôrsvetenskapsakapsakademiens, Handlingar. NR151, Stockholm
73
APPENDDC A
SECOND AIR BLAST PRESSURE-TIME HISTORIES
AND SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
74
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
SECOND BLAST, MIDDLE REFLECTED PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
Row 3: Conversion of pressure in millivolts to pressure in psi
Row_3 = Row_2Sensitivity
Row_3 := -0.039036-29.23
Row_3 = -1.141 psi
Row 4: Zero Offset Correction
Row_4 = Row_3 - CorrectionFacto^CF)
Row_4 := -1.141 - (-0.0913)
Row_4 = -1.05 psi
Row 6: Ideal Pressure-Time History

( t'
-a —
f Row 3
Row_6 = PQ 1 -
l 'd J
0.000024
0.000024^1 l~^"^'0.007495
Row 6 := 14.39- 1 -
0.0074957
Row_6 = 14.307 psi
75
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
SECOND BLAST, FREE FIELD PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
Row 3: Conversion of pressure in millivolts to pressure in psi
Row_3 = Row_2-Sensitivity
Row_3:=-0.021016-10
Row_3 = -0.21 psi
Row 4: Zero Offset Correction
Row_4 = Row_3 - Correction_Facto<CF)
Row_4:=-0.21-(-0.1235)
Row_4 = -0.087 psi
Row 5: Positive Phase Load Impulse
(ROW 4i+Row 4i+i) _.

Row 5 = -^^ — ^-Time_Step
2
^^^ 5 . ^ M:086662^f4517800) ^,^^^^244141.1000

2
Row_5 = 0.054 psi-msec
td
Impulse= y ^ Row_5
t=0
Impulse= 42.5 psi-msec
76
Row 7: Ideal Pressure-Time History
í-a--^^
Row 3 M ** M
Row_6 = PQ- 1 -
t.d ;
0.000024
( 0.000024^ l 0.013379
Row 6 := 8.38- 1 -e^
V 0.013379J
Row_6 = 8.35 psi
77
Table A. 1 Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast
Pressure-Time History for the Second Blast
Po = 14.39 psi a= 0.800
td = 0.007495 sec 1= 42 psi-msec
Sensitivity = 29.23 CF = -0.0913
R a w Data Corrected Ideal
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Time Pressure
(sec) (miUivolts) (psi) (psi) (sec) (psi)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
-0.001000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
0.011182 -0.039036 -1.141019 -1.049719 0.000024 14.307703
0.011206 0.150798 4.407826 4.499126 0.000049 14.223832
0.011231 0.412792 12.065910 12.157210 0.000073 14.140299
0.011255 0.333182 9.738910 9.830210 0.000098 14.057106
0.011279 0.446969 13.064904 13.156204 0.000122 13.974249
0.011304 0.369869 10.811271 10.902571 0.000146 13.891729
0.011328 0.365172 10.673978 10.765278 0.000171 13.809543
0.011353 0.269121 7.866407 7.957707 0.000195 13.727691
0.011377 0.190320 5.563054 5.654354 0.000220 13.646172
0.011401 0.176552 5.160615 5.251915 0.000244 13.564984
0.011426 0.181087 5.293173 5.384473 0.000269 13.484126
0.011450 0.167158 4.886028 4.977328 0.000293 13.403597
0.011475 0.170397 4.980704 5.072004 0.000317 13.323396
0.011499 0.161651 4.725059 4.816359 0.000342 13.243522
0.011523 0.203035 5.934713 6.026013 0.000366 13.163973
0.011548 0.362499 10.595846 10.687146 0.000391 13.084749
0.011572 0.412873 12.068278 12.159578 0.000415 13.005847
0.011597 0.401454 11.734500 11.825800 0.000439 12.927268
0.011621 0.399996 11.691883 11.783183 0.000464 12.849010
0.011646 0.394570 11.533281 11.624581 0.000488 12.771072
0.011670 0.368654 10.775756 10.867056 0.000513 12.693452
0.011694 0.357316 10.444347 10.535647 0.000537 12.616149
0.011719 0.355372 10.387524 10.478824 0.000562 12.539163
0.011743 0.339904 9.935394 10.026694 0.000586 12.462493
0.011768 0.320790 9.376692 9.467992 0.000610 12.386136
0.011792 0.300949 8.796739 8.888039 0.000635 12.310093
0.011816 0.282322 8.252272 8.343572 0.000659 12.234361
0.011841 0.278920 8.152832 8.244132 0.000684 12.158941
0.011865 0.278677 8.145729 8.237029 0.000708 12.083830
0.011890 0.279325 8.164670 8.255970 0.000732 12.009027
0.011914 0.276814 8.091273 8.182573 0.000757 11.934532
0.011939 0.273170 7.984759 8.076059 0.000781 11.860344
0.011963 0.275195 8.043950 8.135250 0.000806 11.786460
0.011987 0.269445 7.875877 7.967177 0.000830 11.712882
0.012012 0.273332 7.989494 8.080794 0.000854 11.639606
0.012036 0.267825 7.828525 7.919825 0.000879 11.566632
78
TableA.l (cont.)
RawData Corrected Ideal
(sec) (millivolts) (psi) (psi) (sec) (psi)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.012061 0.254624 7.442660 7.533960 0.000903 11.493959
0.012085 0.249522 7.293528 7.384828 0.000928 11.421587
0.012109 0.250656 7.326675 7.417975 0.000952 11.349513
0.012134 0.253733 7.416616 7.507916 0.000977 11.277737
0.012158 0.248145 7.253278 7.344578 0.001001 11.206257
0.012183 0.242476 7.087573 7.178873 0.001025 11.135073
0.012207 0.240694 7.035486 7.126786 0.001050 11.064184
0.012231 0.236321 6.907663 6.998963 0.001074 10.993589
0.012256 0.233729 6.831899 6.923199 0.001099 10.923286
0.012280 0.229599 6.711179 6.802479 0.001123 10.853274
0.012305 0.231138 6.756164 6.847464 0.001147 10.783553
0.012329 0.223282 6.526533 6.617833 0.001172 10.714121
0.012354 0.213563 6.242446 6.333746 0.001196 10.644978
0.012378 0.204898 5.989169 6.080469 0.001221 10.576122
0.012402 0.197447 5.771376 5.862676 0.001245 10.507552
0.012427 0.192912 5.638818 5.730118 0.001270 10.439268
0.012451 0.191859 5.608039 5.699339 0.001294 10.371267
0.012476 0.185542 5.423393 5.514693 0.001318 10.303550
0.012500 0.182626 5.338158 5.429458 0.001343 10.236116
0.012524 0.178253 5.210335 5.301635 0.001367 10.168962
0.012549 0.175661 5.134571 5.225871 0.001392 10.102089
0.012573 0.173313 5.065939 5.157239 0.001416 10.035495
0.012598 0.167644 4.900234 4.991534 0.001440 9.969179
0.012622 0.163675 4.784220 4.875520 0.001465 9.903140
0.012647 0.162622 4.753441 4.844741 0.001489 9.837378
0.012671 0.159707 4.668236 4.759536 0.001514 9.771891
0.012695 0.159626 4.665868 4.757168 0.001538 9.706678
0.012720 0.157682 4.609045 4.700345 0.001563 9.641738
0.012744 0.164647 4.812632 4.903932 0.001587 9.577070
0.012769 0.166996 4.881293 4.972593 0.001611 9.512674
0.012793 0.164080 4.796058 4.887358 0.001636 9.448548
0.012817 0.164566 4.810264 4.901564 0.001660 9.384692
0.012842 0.160112 4.680074 4.771374 0.001685 9.321104
0.012866 0.158978 4.646927 4.738227 0.001709 9.257783
0.012891 0.164080 4.796058 4.887358 0.001733 9.194729
0.012915 0.161489 4.720323 4.811623 0.001758 9.131940
0.012940 0.159302 4.656397 4.747697 0.001782 9.069416
0.012964 0.157358 4.599574 4.690874 0.001807 9.007155
0.012988 0.156872 4.585369 4.676669 0.001831 8.945157
0.013013 0.153552 4.488325 4.579625 0.001855 8.883421
0.013037 0.152337 4.452811 4.544111 0.001880 8.821945
0.013062 0.155010 4.530942 4.622242 0.001904 8.760730
79
TableA.l cont.)
{^) (2) (3) (4) (5)
0.013086 0.151041 4.414928 4.506228 0.001929 8.699773
0.013110 0.151527 4.429134 4.520434 0.001953 8.639074
0.013135 0.151932 4.440972 4.532272 0.001978 8.578632
0.013232 0.166267 4.859984 4.951284 0.002075 8.339417
0.013257 0.183355 5.359467 5.450767 0.002100 8.280246
0.013281 0.209352 6.119359 6.210659 0.002124 8.221327
0.013306 0.218180 6.377401 6.468701 0.002148 8.162658
0.013330 0.202468 5.918140 6.009440 0.002173 8.104240
0.013355 0.194288 5.679038 5.770338 0.002197 8.046070
0.013379 0.179792 5.255320 5.346620 0.002222 7.988147
0.013403 0.171774 5.020954 5.112254 0.002246 7.930472
0.013428 0.177929 5.200865 5.292165 0.002271 7.873043
0.013452 0.172665 5.046998 5.138298 0.002295 7.815860
0.013477 0.168130 4.914440 5.005740 0.002319 7.758920
0.013501 0.167563 4.897866 4.989166 0.002344 7.702224
0.013525 0.158735 4.639824 4.731124 0.002368 7.645771
0.013550 0.159788 4.670603 4.761903 0.002393 7.589559
0.013574 0.156467 4.573530 4.664830 0.002417 7.533588
0.013599 0.151770 4.436237 4.527537 0.002441 7.477857
0.013623 0.148693 4.346296 4.437596 0.002466 7.422365
0.013648 0.148936 4.353399 4.444699 0.002490 7.367111
0.013672 0.147397 4.308414 4.399714 0.002515 7.312094
0.013696 0.150879 4.410193 4.501493 0.002539 7.257314
0.013721 0.149583 4.372311 4.463611 0.002563 7.202770
0.013745 0.146911 4.294209 4.385509 0.002588 7.148460
0.013770 0.143185 4.185298 4.276598 0.002612 7.094384
0.013794 0.139946 4.090622 4.181922 0.002637 7.040542
0.013818 0.137111 4.007755 4.099055 0.002661 6.986931
0.013843 0.136787 3.998284 4.089584 0.002686 6.933552
0.013867 0.138164 4.038534 4.129834 0.002710 6.880403
0.013892 0.134925 3.943858 4.035158 0.002734 6.827485
0.013916 0.137435 4.017225 4.108525 0.002759 6.774794
0.013940 0.140918 4.119033 4.210333 0.002783 6.722332
0.013965 0.143023 4.180562 4.271862 0.002808 6.670097
0.013989 0.142133 4.154548 4.245848 0.002832 6.618089
0.014014 0.147073 4.298944 4.390244 0.002856 6.566306
0.014038 0.151203 4.419664 4.510964 0.002881 6.514748
0.014063 0.141971 4.149812 4.241112 0.002905 6.463413
0.014087 0.139136 4.066945 4.158245 0.002930 6.412302
0.014111 0.137597 4.021960 4.113260 0.002954 6.361413
0.014136 0.135087 3.948593 4.039893 0.002979 6.310745
0.014160 0.129499 3.785256 3.876556 0.003003 6.260298
80
Table A.l (cont.)
(1) (2) í^ (4) (5) (6)
0.014185 0.129499 3.785256 3.876556 0.003027 6.210071
0.014209 0.126907 3.709492 3.800792 0.003052 6.160063
0.014282 0.133710 3.908343 3.999643 0.003125 6.011345
0.014307 0.134115 3.920181 4.011481 0.003149 5.962205
0.014331 0.136221 3.981740 4.073040 0.003174 5.913280
0.014356 0.140837 4.116666 4.207966 0.003198 5.864570
0.014380 0.144805 4.232650 4.323950 0.003223 5.816073
0.014404 0.150717 4.405458 4.496758 0.003247 5.767788
0.014429 0.156224 4.566428 4.657728 0.003271 5.719716
0.014453 0.163027 4.765279 4.856579 0.003296 5.671854
0.014478 0.165376 4.833940 4.925240 0.003320 5.624204
0.014502 0.173556 5.073042 5.164342 0.003345 5.576762
0.014526 0.184408 5.390246 5.481546 0.003369 5.529530
0.014551 0.195908 5.726391 5.817691 0.003394 5.482505
0.014575 0.208866 6.105153 6.196453 0.003418 5.435688
0.014600 0.209514 6.124094 6.215394 0.003442 5.389078
0.014624 0.203764 5.956022 6.047322 0.003467 5.342673
0.014648 0.198176 5.792684 5.883984 0.003491 5.296473
0.014673 0.207246 6.057801 6.149101 0.003516 5.250478
0.014697 0.206032 6.022315 6.113615 0.003540 5.204686
0.014722 0.202792 5.927610 6.018910 0.003564 5.159097
0.014746 0.204574 5.979698 6.070998 0.003589 5.113710
0.014771 0.203278 5.941816 6.033116 0.003613 5.068524
0.014795 0.198014 5.787949 5.879249 0.003638 5.023539
0.014819 0.192507 5.626980 5.718280 0.003662 4.978754
0.014844 0.194369 5.681406 5.772706 0.003687 4.934168
0.014868 0.189348 5.534642 5.625942 0.003711 4.889780
0.014893 0.178577 5.219806 5.311106 0.003735 4.845590
0.014917 0.175742 5.136939 5.228239 0.003760 4.801596
0.014941 0.174042 5.087248 5.178548 0.003784 4.757799
0.014966 0.171531 5.013851 5.105151 0.003809 4.714197
0.014990 0.172098 5.030425 5.121725 0.003833 4.670790
0.015015 0.175823 5.139306 5.230606 0.003857 4.627577
0.015039 0.179063 5.234011 5.325311 0.003882 4.584558
0.015064 0.176228 5.151144 5.242444 0.003906 4.541730
0.015088 0.170721 4.990175 5.081475 0.003931 4.499095
0.015112 0.173232 5.063571 5.154871 0.003955 4.456651
0.015137 0.174770 5.108527 5.199827 0.003979 4.414397
0.015161 0.173070 5.058836 5.150136 0.004004 4.372334
0.015186 0.169182 4.945190 5.036490 0.004028 4.330459
0.015210 0.172098 5.030425 5.121725 0.004053 4.288772
0.015234 0.169911 4.966499 5.057799 0.004077 4.247273
81
Table A. 1 (cont.)
R a w Data Conected Ideal
(l^ (2) (3) (4) ^^) (6)
0.015259 0.167401 4.893131 4.984431 0.004102 4.205961
0.015283 0.168615 4.928616 5.019916 0.004126 4.164836
0.015356 0.163351 4.774750 4.866050 0.004199 4.042570
0.015381 0.162136 4.739235 4.830535 0.004224 4.002182
0.015405 0.165295 4.831573 4.922873 0.004248 3.961978
0.015430 0.165943 4.850514 4.941814 0.004272 3.921955
0.015454 0.163108 4.767647 4.858947 0.004297 3.882114
0.015479 0.164647 4.812632 4.903932 0.004321 3.842454
0.015503 0.162298 4.743971 4.835271 0.004346 3.802974
0.015527 0.154767 4.523839 4.615139 0.004370 3.763673
0.015552 0.153228 4.478854 4.570154 0.004395 3.724552
0.015576 0.152661 4.462281 4.553581 0.004419 3.685608
0.015601 0.151932 4.440972 4.532272 0.004443 3.646842
0.015625 0.164080 4.796058 4.887358 0.004468 3.608253
0.015649 0.171693 5.018586 5.109886 0.004492 3.569840
0.015674 0.174609 5.103821 5.195121 0.004517 3.531602
0.015698 0.178901 5.229276 5.320576 0.004541 3.493539
0.015723 0.177362 5.184291 5.275591 0.004565 3.455651
0.015747 0.175418 5.127468 5.218768 0.004590 3.417936
0.015772 0.167887 4.907337 4.998637 0.004614 3.380394
0.015796 0.162217 4.741603 4.832903 0.004639 3.343024
0.015820 0.158249 4.625618 4.716918 0.004663 3.305826
0.015845 0.154929 4.528575 4.619875 0.004688 3.268798
0.015869 0.149583 4.372311 4.463611 0.004712 3.231941
0.015894 0.143104 4.182930 4.274230 0.004736 3.195254
0.015918 0.143752 4.201871 4.293171 0.004761 3.158736
0.015942 0.138407 4.045637 4.136937 0.004785 3.122386
0.015967 0.136383 3.986475 4.077775 0.004810 3.086204
0.015991 0.131523 3.844417 3.935717 0.004834 3.050190
0.016016 0.131766 3.851520 3.942820 0.004858 3.014342
0.016040 0.128851 3.766315 3.857615 0.004883 2.978659
0.016065 0.125935 3.681080 3.772380 0.004907 2.943142
0.016089 0.135816 3.969902 4.061202 0.004932 2.907790
0.016113 0.139946 4.090622 4.181922 0.004956 2.872602
0.016138 0.150798 4.407826 4.499126 0.004980 2.837578
0.016162 0.148288 4.334458 4.425758 0.005005 2.802716
0.016187 0.154281 4.509634 4.600934 0.005029 2.768016
0.016211 0.161975 4.734529 4.825829 0.005054 2.733478
0.016235 0.163594 4.781853 4.873153 0.005078 2.699101
0.016260 0.161570 4.722691 4.813991 0.005103 2.664885
0.016284 0.157763 4.611412 4.702712 0.005127 2.630828
0.016309 0.160274 4.684809 4.776109 0.005151 2.596931
82
Table A. 1 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
0.016333 0.163189 4.770014 4.861314 0.005176 2.563192
0.016357 0.160760 4.699015 4.790315 0.005200 2.529611
0.016431 0.166105 4.855249 4.946549 0.005273 2.429811
0.016455 0.166429 4.864720 4.956020 0.005298 2.396856
0.016480 0.167563 4.897866 4.989166 0.005322 2.364057
0.016504 0.165700 4.843411 4.934711 0.005347 2.331412
0.016528 0.158168 4.623251 4.714551 0.005371 2.298921
0.016553 0.159302 4.656397 4.747697 0.005396 2.266583
0.016577 0.160517 4.691912 4.783212 0.005420 2.234398
0.016602 0.161408 4.717956 4.809256 0.005444 2.202365
0.016626 0.154605 4.519104 4.610404 0.005469 2.170483
0.016650 0.149826 4.379414 4.470714 0.005493 2.138753
0.016675 0.144967 4.237385 4.328685 0.005518 2.107173
0.016699 0.137759 4.026696 4.117996 0.005542 2.075743
0.016724 0.134115 3.920181 4.011481 0.005566 2.044463
0.016748 0.129418 3.782888 3.874188 0.005591 2.013331
0.016773 0.124396 3.636095 3.727395 0.005615 1.982347
0.016797 0.120995 3.536684 3.627984 0.005640 1.951511
0.016821 0.117674 3.439611 3.530911 0.005664 1.920823
0.016846 0.109495 3.200539 3.291839 0.005688 1.890280
0.016870 0.104636 3.058510 3.149810 0.005713 1.859884
0.016895 0.098804 2.888053 2.979353 0.005737 1.829633
0.016919 0.094512 2.762589 2.853889 0.005762 1.799527
0.016943 0.090868 2.656063 2.747363 0.005786 1.769565
0.016968 0.087061 2.544802 2.636102 0.005811 1.739747
0.016992 0.083741 2.447744 2.539044 0.005835 1.710072
0.017017 0.083093 2.428805 2.520105 0.005859 1.680540
0.017041 0.083579 2.443008 2.534308 0.005884 1.651150
0.017065 0.084146 2.459582 2.550882 0.005908 1.621901
0.017090 0.079611 2.327015 2.418315 0.005933 1.592794
0.017114 0.075399 2.203916 2.295216 0.005957 1.563827
0.017139 0.078234 2.286771 2.378071 0.005981 1.535000
0.017163 0.079044 2.310444 2.401744 0.006006 1.506313
0.017188 0.076128 2.225221 2.316521 0.006030 1.477764
0.017212 0.074589 2.180245 2.271545 0.006055 1.449354
0.017236 0.073941 2.161307 2.252607 0.006079 1.421082
0.017261 0.069487 2.031108 2.122408 0.006104 1.392947
0.017285 0.068839 2.012170 2.103470 0.006128 1.364949
0.017310 0.067057 1.960088 2.051388 0.006152 1.337087
0.017334 0.066977 1.957723 2.049023 0.006177 1.309361
0.017358 0.065114 1.903273 1.994573 0.006201 1.281770
0.017383 0.062360 1.822789 1.914089 0.006226 1.254315
83
TableA.l cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) {^} (6)
0.017407 0.055881 1.633407 1.724707 0.006250 1.226993
0.017432 0.054585 1.595531 1.686831 0.006274 1.199805
0.017505 0.056205 1.642875 1.734175 0.006348 1.119038
0.017529 0.057663 1.685487 1.776787 0.006372 1.092380
0.017554 0.055638 1.626305 1.717605 0.006396 1.065853
0.017578 0.050617 1.479535 1.570835 0.006421 1.039456
0.017603 0.049807 1.455864 1.547164 0.006445 1.013190
0.017627 0.048754 1.425088 1.516388 0.006470 0.987053
0.017651 0.051508 1.505576 1.596876 0.006494 0.961046
0.017676 0.053047 1.550555 1.641855 0.006519 0.935167
0.017700 0.051103 1.493741 1.585041 0.006543 0.909417
0.017725 0.052804 1.543452 1.634752 0.006567 0.883794
0.017749 0.053290 1.557655 1.648955 0.006592 0.858299
0.017773 0.054504 1.593164 1.684464 0.006616 0.832930
0.017798 0.055557 1.623940 1.715240 0.006641 0.807687
0.017822 0.058149 1.699689 1.790989 0.006665 0.782570
0.017847 0.055881 1.633407 1.724707 0.006689 0.757579
0.017871 0.054909 1.605002 1.696302 0.006714 0.732712
0.017896 0.053776 1.571858 1.663158 0.006738 0.707969
0.017920 0.053128 1.552920 1.644220 0.006763 0.683351
0.017944 0.051670 1.510311 1.601611 0.006787 0.658855
0.017969 0.049321 1.441659 1.532959 0.006812 0.634483
0.017993 0.045353 1.325665 1.416965 0.006836 0.610233
0.018018 0.042194 1.233342 1.324642 0.006860 0.586105
0.018042 0.037659 1.100775 1.192075 0.006885 0.562098
0.018066 0.035877 1.048696 1.139996 0.006909 0.538212
0.018091 0.035715 1.043961 1.135261 0.006934 0.514447
0.018115 0.033529 0.980044 1.071344 0.006958 0.490802
0.018140 0.033772 0.987147 1.078447 0.006982 0.467277
0.018164 0.034096 0.996614 1.087914 0.007007 0.443870
0.018189 0.031909 0.932700 1.024000 0.007031 0.420582
0.018213 0.029236 0.854580 0.945880 0.007056 0.397413
0.018237 0.028427 0.830907 0.922207 0.007080 0.374361
0.018262 0.025106 0.733848 0.825148 0.007105 0.351427
0.018286 0.023081 0.674669 0.765969 0.007129 0.328609
0.018311 0.023891 0.698340 0.789640 0.007153 0.305908
0.018335 0.020490 0.598917 0.690217 0.007178 0.283323
0.018359 0.015550 0.454515 0.545815 0.007202 0.260853
0.018384 0.011662 0.340886 0.432186 0.007227 0.238498
0.018408 0.010123 0.295907 0.387207 0.007251 0.216258
0.018433 0.010852 0.317213 0.408513 0.007275 0.194132
0.018457 0.006236 0.182279 0.273579 0.007300 0.172119
84
TableA.n ,cont.)
Raw Data Corrected Ideal
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.018481 0.003887 0.113628 0.204928 0.007324 0.150220
0.018506 0.002673 0.078120 0.169420 0.007349 0.128434
0.018530 0.001620 0.047345 0.138645 0.007373 0.106760
0.018555 0.002430 0.071018 0.162318 0.007397 0.085198
0.018579 0.001377 0.040243 0.131543 0.007422 0.063748
0.018604 0.002754 0.080487 0.171787 0.007446 0.042409
0.018628 0.000567 0.016571 0.107871 0.007471 0.021180
0.018652 -0.001296 -0.037876 0.053393 0.007495 0.000062
0.018677 -0.006155 -0.179912 -0.088643 0.007520 -0.020947
85
Table A.2 - Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast
Pressure-Time History for the Second Blast
Po = 13.80 psi a= 0.915
td = 0.007007 sec 1= 37 psi-msec
Sensitivity = 28.14 CF = 0.1769
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
-0.001000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
0.011377 0.001410 0.041220 0.132520 0.000000 14.391916
0.011401 0.030941 0.904408 0.995708 0.000024 14.307703
0.011426 0.341181 9.972721 10.064021 0.000049 14.223832
0.011450 0.373118 10.906239 10.997539 0.000073 14.140299
0.011475 0.471084 13.769785 13.861085 0.000098 14.057106
0.011499 0.408787 11.948844 12.040144 0.000122 13.974249
0.011523 0.359762 10.515843 10.607143 0.000146 13.891729
0.011548 0.340435 9.950915 10.042215 0.000171 13.809543
0.011572 0.212689 6.216899 6.308199 0.000195 13.727691
0.011597 0.205140 5.996242 6.087542 0.000220 13.646172
0.011621 0.191951 5.610728 5.702028 0.000244 13.564984
0.011646 0.175941 5.142755 5.234055 0.000269 13.484126
0.011670 0.187886 5.491908 5.583208 0.000293 13.403597
0.011694 0.186974 5.465250 5.556550 0.000317 13.323396
0.011719 0.249602 7.295866 7.387166 0.000342 13.243522
0.011743 0.357108 10.438267 10.529567 0.000366 13.163973
0.011768 0.420317 12.285866 12.377166 0.000391 13.084749
0.011792 0.421230 12.312553 12.403853 0.000415 13.005847
0.011816 0.416584 12.176750 12.268050 0.000439 12.927268
0.011841 0.407543 11.912482 12.003782 0.000464 12.849010
0.011865 0.388464 11.354803 11.446103 0.000488 12.771072
0.011890 0.384648 11.243261 11.334561 0.000513 12.693452
0.011914 0.382491 11.180212 11.271512 0.000537 12.616149
0.011939 0.372703 10.894109 10.985409 0.000562 12.539163
0.011963 0.365984 10.697712 10.789012 0.000586 12.462493
0.011987 0.348896 10.198230 10.289530 0.000610 12.386136
0.012012 0.339107 9.912098 10.003398 0.000635 12.310093
0.012036 0.336121 9.824817 9.916117 0.000659 12.234361
0.012061 0.322932 9.439302 9.530602 0.000684 12.158941
0.012085 0.312812 9.143495 9.234795 0.000708 12.083830
0.012109 0.311567 9.107103 9.198403 0.000732 12.009027
0.012134 0.307171 8.978608 9.069908 0.000757 11.934532
0.012158 0.303438 8.869493 8.960793 0.000781 11.860344
0.012183 0.302774 8.850084 8.941384 0.000806 11.786460
0.012207 0.295724 8.644013 8.735313 0.000830 11.712882
0.012231 0.281954 8.241515 8.332815 0.000854 11.639606
86
Table A.2 cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.012256 0.284608 8.319092 8.410392 0.000879 11.566632
0.012305 0.283613 8.290008 8.381308 0.000928 11.421587
0.012329 0.276147 8.071777 8.163077 0.000952 11.349513
0.012354 0.271999 7.950531 8.041831 0.000977 11.277737
0.012378 0.267769 7.826888 7.918188 0.001001 11.206257
0.012402 0.265363 7.756560 7.847860 0.001025 11.135073
0.012427 0.262875 7.683836 7.775136 0.001050 11.064184
0.012451 0.259722 7.591674 7.682974 0.001074 10.993589
0.012476 0.259391 7.581999 7.673299 0.001099 10.923286
0.012500 0.257317 7.521376 7.612676 0.001123 10.853274
0.012524 0.254331 7.434095 7.525395 0.001147 10.783553
0.012549 0.251676 7.356489 7.447789 0.001172 10.714121
0.012573 0.251676 7.356489 7.447789 0.001196 10.644978
0.012598 0.248026 7.249800 7.341100 0.001221 10.576122
0.012622 0.242800 7.097044 7.188344 0.001245 10.507552
0.012647 0.237906 6.953992 7.045292 0.001270 10.439268
0.012671 0.232099 6.784254 6.875554 0.001294 10.371267
0.012695 0.230606 6.740613 6.831913 0.001318 10.303550
0.012720 0.228532 6.679990 6.771290 0.001343 10.236116
0.012744 0.225297 6.585431 6.676731 0.001367 10.168962
0.012769 0.220486 6.444806 6.536106 0.001392 10.102089
0.012793 0.219574 6.418148 6.509448 0.001416 10.035495
0.012817 0.217666 6.362377 6.453677 0.001440 9.969179
0.012842 0.217002 6.342968 6.434268 0.001465 9.903140
0.012866 0.215343 6.294476 6.385776 0.001489 9.837378
0.012891 0.210117 6.141720 6.233020 0.001514 9.771891
0.012915 0.208873 6.105358 6.196658 0.001538 9.706678
0.012940 0.206965 6.049587 6.140887 0.001563 9.641738
0.012964 0.205140 5.996242 6.087542 0.001587 9.577070
0.012988 0.203896 5.959880 6.051180 0.001611 9.512674
0.013013 0.202652 5.923518 6.014818 0.001636 9.448548
0.013037 0.203315 5.942897 6.034197 0.001660 9.384692
0.013062 0.199665 5.836208 5.927508 0.001685 9.321104
0.013086 0.193693 5.661646 5.752946 0.001709 9.257783
0.013110 0.188633 5.513743 5.605043 0.001733 9.194729
0.013135 0.181748 5.312494 5.403794 0.001758 9.131940
0.013159 0.176853 5.169413 5.260713 0.001782 9.069416
0.013184 0.170798 4.992426 5.083726 0.001807 9.007155
0.013208 0.169471 4.953637 5.044937 0.001831 8.945157
0.013232 0.167397 4.893014 4.984314 0.001855 8.883421
0.013257 0.161176 4.711174 4.802474 0.001880 8.821945
0.013281 0.158521 4.633569 4.724869 0.001904 8.760730
87
Table A.2 (cont.)
(1) (3) (4) (6)
0.013306 0.154042 4.502648 4.593948 0.001929 8.699773
0.013330 0.154208 4.507500 4.598800 0.001953 8.639074
0.013403 0.150309 4.393532 4.484832 0.002026 8.458516
0.013428 0.148899 4.352318 4.443618 0.002051 8.398840
0.013452 0.147986 4.325631 4.416931 0.002075 8.339417
0.013477 0.150060 4.386254 4.477554 0.002100 8.280246
0.013501 0.147903 4.323205 4.414505 0.002124 8.221327
0.013525 0.139774 4.085594 4.176894 0.002148 8.162658
0.013550 0.127995 3.741294 3.832594 0.002173 8.104240
0.013574 0.115469 3.375159 3.466459 0.002197 8.046070
0.013599 0.112151 3.278174 3.369474 0.002222 7.988147
0.013623 0.108833 3.181189 3.272489 0.002246 7.930472
0.013648 0.115967 3.389715 3.481015 0.002271 7.873043
0.013672 0.111902 3.270895 3.362195 0.002295 7.815860
0.013696 0.113146 3.307258 3.398558 0.002319 7.758920
0.013721 0.123515 3.610343 3.701643 0.002344 7.702224
0.013745 0.130815 3.823722 3.915022 0.002368 7.645771
0.013770 0.130898 3.826149 3.917449 0.002393 7.589559
0.013794 0.118372 3.460014 3.551314 0.002417 7.533588
0.013818 0.115718 3.382437 3.473737 0.002441 7.477857
0.013843 0.117792 3.443060 3.534360 0.002466 7.422365
0.013867 0.123598 3.612770 3.704070 0.002490 7.367111
0.013892 0.116796 3.413947 3.505247 0.002515 7.312094
0.013916 0.108916 3.183615 3.274915 0.002539 7.257314
0.013940 0.111404 3.256339 3.347639 0.002563 7.202770
0.013965 0.114142 3.336371 3.427671 0.002588 7.148460
0.013989 0.116382 3.401846 3.493146 0.002612 7.094384
0.014014 0.112483 3.287878 3.379178 0.002637 7.040542
0.014038 0.110658 3.234533 3.325833 0.002661 6.986931
0.014063 0.112980 3.302405 3.393705 0.002686 6.933552
0.014087 0.121359 3.547324 3.638624 0.002710 6.880403
0.014111 0.122935 3.593390 3.684690 0.002734 6.827485
0.014136 0.122271 3.573981 3.665281 0.002759 6.774794
0.014160 0.119368 3.489127 3.580427 0.002783 6.722332
0.014185 0.111902 3.270895 3.362195 0.002808 6.670097
0.014209 0.116879 3.416373 3.507673 0.002832 6.618089
0.014233 0.121607 3.554573 3.645873 0.002856 6.566306
0.014258 0.119617 3.496405 3.587705 0.002881 6.514748
0.014282 0.115054 3.363028 3.454328 0.002905 6.463413
0.014307 0.113395 3.314536 3.405836 0.002930 6.412302
0.014331 0.114059 3.333945 3.425245 0.002954 6.361413
0.014356 0.108833 3.181189 3.272489 0.002979 6.310745
88
Table A.2 cont.)
(1) (2) {'} . (4) (5) {^} .
0.014380 0.106676 3.118139 3.209439 0.003003 6.260298
0.014404 0.101616 2.970236 3.061536 0.003027 6.210071
0.014478 0.100870 2.948430 3.039730 0.003101 6.060701
0.014502 0.099459 2.907195 2.998495 0.003125 6.011345
0.014526 0.102031 2.982366 3.073666 0.003149 5.962205
0.014551 0.103026 3.011450 3.102750 0.003174 5.913280
0.014575 0.108501 3.171484 3.262784 0.003198 5.864570
0.014600 0.111404 3.256339 3.347639 0.003223 5.816073
0.014624 0.116050 3.392142 3.483442 0.003247 5.767788
0.014648 0.122354 3.576407 3.667707 0.003271 5.719716
0.014673 0.120944 3.535193 3.626493 0.003296 5.671854
0.014697 0.130649 3.818870 3.910170 0.003320 5.624204
0.014722 0.135295 3.954673 4.045973 0.003345 5.576762
0.014746 0.131728 3.850409 3.941709 0.003369 5.529530
0.014771 0.130152 3.804343 3.895643 0.003394 5.482505
0.014795 0.128410 3.753424 3.844724 0.003418 5.435688
0.014819 0.125423 3.666114 3.757414 0.003442 5.389078
0.014844 0.126253 3.690375 3.781675 0.003467 5.342673
0.014868 0.121442 3.549750 3.641050 0.003491 5.296473
0.014893 0.120031 3.508506 3.599806 0.003516 5.250478
0.014917 0.126999 3.712181 3.803481 0.003540 5.204686
0.014941 0.126419 3.695227 3.786527 0.003564 5.159097
0.014966 0.126004 3.683097 3.774397 0.003589 5.113710
0.014990 0.126751 3.704932 3.796232 0.003613 5.068524
0.015015 0.124677 3.644309 3.735609 0.003638 5.023539
0.015039 0.125838 3.678245 3.769545 0.003662 4.978754
0.015064 0.124677 3.644309 3.735609 0.003687 4.934168
0.015088 0.119451 3.491553 3.582853 0.003711 4.889780
0.015112 0.117792 3.443060 3.534360 0.003735 4.845590
0.015137 0.118953 3.476996 3.568296 0.003760 4.801596
0.015161 0.121276 3.544897 3.636197 0.003784 4.757799
0.015186 0.117294 3.428504 3.519804 0.003809 4.714197
0.015210 0.120446 3.520637 3.611937 0.003833 4.670790
0.015234 0.122022 3.566703 3.658003 0.003857 4.627577
0.015259 0.120031 3.508506 3.599806 0.003882 4.584558
0.015283 0.119119 3.481848 3.573148 0.003906 4.541730
0.015308 0.117377 3.430930 3.522230 0.003931 4.499095
0.015332 0.119119 3.481848 3.573148 0.003955 4.456651
0.015356 0.117792 3.443060 3.534360 0.003979 4.414397
0.015381 0.119036 3.479422 3.570722 0.004004 4.372334
0.015405 0.118704 3.469718 3.561018 0.004028 4.330459
0.015430 0.117792 3.443060 3.534360 0.004053 4.288772
89
Table A.2 cont.)
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.015454 0.117958 3.447912 3.539212 0.004077 4.247273
0.015479 0.119617 3.496405 3.587705 0.004102 4.205961
0.015552 0.123598 3.612770 3.704070 0.004175 4.083141
0.015576 0.122022 3.566703 3.658003 0.004199 4.042570
0.015601 0.122769 3.588538 3.679838 0.004224 4.002182
0.015625 0.124013 3.624900 3.716200 0.004248 3.961978
0.015649 0.122603 3.583686 3.674986 0.004272 3.921955
0.015674 0.125009 3.654013 3.745313 0.004297 3.882114
0.015698 0.123432 3.607917 3.699217 0.004321 3.842454
0.015723 0.120861 3.532767 3.624067 0.004346 3.802974
0.015747 0.116962 3.418799 3.510099 0.004370 3.763673
0.015772 0.116962 3.418799 3.510099 0.004395 3.724552
0.015796 0.116547 3.406669 3.497969 0.004419 3.685608
0.015820 0.113478 3.316962 3.408262 0.004443 3.646842
0.015845 0.112732 3.295156 3.386456 0.004468 3.608253
0.015869 0.114059 3.333945 3.425245 0.004492 3.569840
0.015894 0.110326 3.224829 3.316129 0.004517 3.531602
0.015918 0.109828 3.210272 3.301572 0.004541 3.493539
0.015942 0.108584 3.173910 3.265210 0.004565 3.455651
0.015967 0.109331 3.195745 3.287045 0.004590 3.417936
0.015991 0.109579 3.202994 3.294294 0.004614 3.380394
0.016016 0.109994 3.215125 3.306425 0.004639 3.343024
0.016040 0.107755 3.149679 3.240979 0.004663 3.305826
0.016065 0.105681 3.089056 3.180356 0.004688 3.268798
0.016089 0.106427 3.110861 3.202161 0.004712 3.231941
0.016113 0.106344 3.108435 3.199735 0.004736 3.195254
0.016138 0.104105 3.042989 3.134289 0.004761 3.158736
0.016162 0.107920 3.154502 3.245802 0.004785 3.122386
0.016187 0.108418 3.169058 3.260358 0.004810 3.086204
0.016211 0.110741 3.236959 3.328259 0.004834 3.050190
0.016235 0.109579 3.202994 3.294294 0.004858 3.014342
0.016260 0.109579 3.202994 3.294294 0.004883 2.978659
0.016284 0.110907 3.241812 3.333112 0.004907 2.943142
0.016309 0.111653 3.263617 3.354917 0.004932 2.907790
0.016333 0.113312 3.312110 3.403410 0.004956 2.872602
0.016357 0.110990 3.244238 3.335538 0.004980 2.837578
0.016382 0.108833 3.181189 3.272489 0.005005 2.802716
0.016406 0.105847 3.093908 3.185208 0.005029 2.768016
0.016431 0.104602 3.057516 3.148816 0.005054 2.733478
0.016455 0.102529 2.996923 3.088223 0.005078 2.699101
0.016480 0.098879 2.890224 2.981524 0.005103 2.664885
0.016504 0.101035 2.953253 3.044553 0.005127 2.630828
90
Table A.2 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5^ (6)
0.016528 0.101201 2.958105 3.049405 0.005151 2.596931
0.016553 0.099128 2.897497 2.988797 0.005176 2.563192
0.016626 0.098049 2.865978 2.957278 0.005249 2.462921
0.016650 0.097469 2.849004 2.940304 0.005273 2.429811
0.016675 0.093985 2.747167 2.838467 0.005298 2.396856
0.016699 0.090832 2.655028 2.746328 0.005322 2.364057
0.016724 0.092823 2.713222 2.804522 0.005347 2.331412
0.016748 0.090832 2.655028 2.746328 0.005371 2.298921
0.016773 0.087680 2.562892 2.654192 0.005396 2.266583
0.016797 0.084279 2.463478 2.554778 0.005420 2.234398
0.016821 0.084611 2.473177 2.564477 0.005444 2.202365
0.016846 0.081044 2.368916 2.460216 0.005469 2.170483
0.016870 0.076648 2.240409 2.331709 0.005493 2.138753
0.016895 0.072749 2.126447 2.217747 0.005518 2.107173
0.016919 0.072085 2.107050 2.198350 0.005542 2.075743
0.016943 0.069348 2.027036 2.118336 0.005566 2.044463
0.016968 0.069597 2.034309 2.125609 0.005591 2.013331
0.016992 0.067523 1.973691 2.064991 0.005615 1.982347
0.017017 0.065532 1.915500 2.006800 0.005640 1.951511
0.017041 0.063873 1.867008 1.958308 0.005664 1.920823
0.017065 0.062214 1.818512 1.909812 0.005688 1.890280
0.017090 0.061219 1.789417 1.880717 0.005713 1.859884
0.017114 0.057403 1.677881 1.769181 0.005737 1.829633
0.017139 0.056324 1.646359 1.737659 0.005762 1.799527
0.017163 0.052177 1.525125 1.616425 0.005786 1.769565
0.017188 0.050186 1.466934 1.558234 0.005811 1.739747
0.017212 0.047531 1.389343 1.480643 0.005835 1.710072
0.017236 0.047449 1.386920 1.478220 0.005859 1.680540
0.017261 0.045955 1.343276 1.434576 0.005884 1.651150
0.017285 0.047946 1.401467 1.492767 0.005908 1.621901
0.017310 0.048527 1.418441 1.509741 0.005933 1.592794
0.017334 0.046204 1.350549 1.441849 0.005957 1.563827
0.017358 0.049273 1.440261 1.531561 0.005981 1.535000
0.017383 0.049356 1.442688 1.533988 0.006006 1.506313
0.017407 0.047614 1.391769 1.483069 0.006030 1.477764
0.017432 0.050269 1.469360 1.560660 0.006055 1.449354
0.017456 0.048693 1.423291 1.514591 0.006079 1.421082
0.017481 0.049771 1.454809 1.546109 0.006104 1.392947
0.017505 0.049108 1.435412 1.526712 0.006128 1.364949
0.017529 0.048527 1.418441 1.509741 0.006152 1.337087
0.017554 0.047697 1.394192 1.485492 0.006177 1.309361
0.017578 0.045541 1.331152 1.422452 0.006201 1.281770
91
Table A.2 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.017603 0.049025 1.432989 1.524289 0.006226 1.254315
0.017627 0.048195 1.408743 1.500043 0.006250 1.226993
0.017700 0.029033 0.848640 0.939940 0.006323 1.145828
0.017725 0.023807 0.695884 0.787184 0.006348 1.119038
0.017749 0.023724 0.693458 0.784758 0.006372 1.092380
0.017773 0.028618 0.836516 0.927816 0.006396 1.065853
0.017798 0.032600 0.952901 1.044201 0.006421 1.039456
0.017822 0.031190 0.911681 1.002981 0.006445 1.013190
0.017847 0.034425 1.006243 1.097543 0.006470 0.987053
0.017871 0.042388 1.239013 1.330313 0.006494 0.961046
0.017896 0.036831 1.076558 1.167858 0.006519 0.935167
0.017920 0.034010 0.994121 1.085421 0.006543 0.909417
0.017944 0.028784 0.841365 0.932665 0.006567 0.883794
0.017969 0.027457 0.802571 0.893871 0.006592 0.858299
0.017993 0.031937 0.933504 1.024804 0.006616 0.832930
0.018018 0.033761 0.986846 1.078146 0.006641 0.807687
0.018042 0.037660 1.100808 1.192108 0.006665 0.782570
0.018066 0.043550 1.272961 1.364261 0.006689 0.757579
0.018091 0.045955 1.343276 1.434576 0.006714 0.732712
0.018115 0.043384 1.268108 1.359408 0.006738 0.707969
0.018140 0.043550 1.272961 1.364261 0.006763 0.683351
0.018164 0.042057 1.229314 1.320614 0.006787 0.658855
0.018189 0.040149 1.173547 1.264847 0.006812 0.634483
0.018213 0.041310 1.207491 1.298791 0.006836 0.610233
0.018237 0.037328 1.091109 1.182409 0.006860 0.586105
0.018262 0.032849 0.960176 1.051476 0.006885 0.562098
0.018286 0.023475 0.686186 0.777486 0.006909 0.538212
0.018311 0.015512 0.453416 0.544716 0.006934 0.514447
0.018335 0.010452 0.305509 0.396809 0.006958 0.490802
0.018359 0.006802 0.198824 0.290124 0.006982 0.467277
0.018384 0.002074 0.060617 0.151917 0.007007 0.443870
92
Ta jle A.3 - Free Fleld Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure Time History
Pressure Time History for the Second Blast
td = 0.013379 sec a= 1.0
P° = 8.38 psi 1= 41.0 psi-msec
Sensitivity = 10 CF = -0.1235
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Itnpulse Time Pressure
(sec) (miUivolts) (psi) (psi) (psi-msec) (sec) (psi)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
-0.001000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
0.009961 -0.021016 -0.210162 -0.086662 0.00000000 0.000000 8.380460
0.009985 0.439430 4.394300 4.517800 0.000054 0.000024 8.349916
0.010010 0.592275 5.922750 6.046250 0.000129 0.000049 8.319456
0.010034 0.550575 5.505750 5.629250 0.000143 0.000073 8.289079
0.010059 0.584799 5.847990 5.971490 0.000142 0.000098 8.258785
0.010083 0.573169 5.731690 5.855190 0.000144 0.000122 8.228573
0.010107 0.589949 5.899490 6.022990 0.000145 0.000146 8.198445
0.010132 0.583220 5.832200 5.955700 0.000146 0.000171 8.168399
0.010156 0.590697 5.906970 6.030470 0.000146 0.000195 8.138436
0.010181 0.589866 5.898660 6.022160 0.000147 0.000220 8.108554
0.010205 0.591112 5.911120 6.034620 0.00014718 0.000244 8.078755
0.010230 0.589118 5.891180 6.014680 0.00014709 0.000269 8.049037
0.010254 0.587789 5.877890 6.001390 0.00014668 0.000293 8.019400
0.010278 0.591527 5.915270 6.038770 0.00014697 0.000317 7.989845
0.010303 0.589866 5.898660 6.022160 0.00014723 0.000342 7.960371
0.010327 0.587208 5.872080 5.995580 0.00014670 0.000366 7.930978
0.010352 0.592524 5.925240 6.048740 0.00014703 0.000391 7.901666
0.010376 0.591195 5.911950 6.035450 0.00014751 0.000415 7.872434
0.010400 0.588869 5.888690 6.012190 0.00014707 0.000439 7.843283
0.010425 0.584633 5.846330 5.969830 0.00014627 0.000464 7.814212
0.010449 0.598007 5.980070 6.103570 0.00014738 0.000488 7.785220
0.010474 0.585962 5.859620 5.983120 0.00014754 0.000513 7.756308
0.010498 0.695362 6.953620 7.077120 0.00015943 0.000537 7.727476
0.010523 0.825696 8.256960 8.380460 0.00018869 0.000562 7.698724
0.010547 0.802769 8.027690 8.151190 0.00020180 0.000586 7.670050
0.010571 0.748193 7.481930 7.605430 0.00019234 0.000610 7.641455
0.010596 0.716461 7.164610 7.288110 0.00018181 0.000635 7.612940
0.010620 0.684646 6.846460 6.969960 0.00017405 0.000659 7.584502
0.010645 0.646352 6.463520 6.587020 0.00016549 0.000684 7.556143
0.010669 0.623010 6.230100 6.353600 0.00015797 0.000708 7.527863
0.010693 0.607975 6.079750 6.203250 0.00015328 0.000732 7.499660
0.010718 0.587457 5.874570 5.998070 0.00014894 0.000757 7.471535
0.010742 0.565859 5.658590 5.782090 0.00014380 0.000781 7.443488
0.010767 0.557137 5.571370 5.694870 0.00014010 0.000806 7.415518
0.010791 0.562786 5.627860 5.751360 0.00013972 0.000830 7.387625
0.010815 0.559463 5.594630 5.718130 0.00014001 0.000854 7.359810
93
Table A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiu-e Impulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.010840 0.565278 5.652780 5.776280 0.00014031 0.000879 7.332071
0.010889 0.581310 5.813100 5.936600 0.00014425 0.000928 7.276824
0.010913 0.583220 5.832200 5.955700 0.00014517 0.000952 7.249315
0.010938 0.591361 5.913610 6.037110 0.00014640 0.000977 7.221881
0.010962 0.591527 5.915270 6.038770 0.00014741 0.001001 7.194524
0.010986 0.596594 5.965940 6.089440 0.00014805 0.001025 7.167243
0.011011 0.598256 5.982560 6.106060 0.00014887 0.001050 7.140037
0.011035 0.594933 5.949330 6.072830 0.00014867 0.001074 7.112907
0.011060 0.591029 5.910290 6.033790 0.00014779 0.001099 7.085851
0.011084 0.588786 5.887860 6.011360 0.00014704 0.001123 7.058871
0.011108 0.580396 5.803960 5.927460 0.00014574 0.001147 7.031966
0.011133 0.577073 5.770730 5.894230 0.00014431 0.001172 7.005135
0.011157 0.579067 5.790670 5.914170 0.00014415 0.001196 6.978379
0.011182 0.577738 5.777380 5.900880 0.00014423 0.001221 6.951697
0.011206 0.576326 5.763260 5.886760 0.00014389 0.001245 6.925089
0.011231 0.574166 5.741660 5.865160 0.00014346 0.001270 6.898555
0.011255 0.575993 5.759930 5.883430 0.00014342 0.001294 6.872094
0.011279 0.574083 5.740830 5.864330 0.00014341 0.001318 6.845708
0.011304 0.568351 5.683510 5.807010 0.00014247 0.001343 6.819394
0.011328 0.569016 5.690160 5.813660 0.00014185 0.001367 6.793154
0.011353 0.561789 5.617890 5.741390 0.00014105 0.001392 6.766987
0.011377 0.567354 5.673540 5.797040 0.00014085 0.001416 6.740893
0.011401 0.562952 5.629520 5.753020 0.00014099 0.001440 6.714871
0.011426 0.557719 5.577190 5.700690 0.00013982 0.001465 6.688922
0.011450 0.556639 5.566390 5.689890 0.00013905 0.001489 6.663045
0.011475 0.560875 5.608750 5.732250 0.00013943 0.001514 6.637240
0.011499 0.555642 5.556420 5.679920 0.00013931 0.001538 6.611507
0.011523 0.552901 5.529010 5.652510 0.00013834 0.001563 6.585846
0.011548 0.551738 5.517380 5.640880 0.00013786 0.001587 6.560257
0.011572 0.548664 5.486640 5.610140 0.00013734 0.001611 6.534739
0.011597 0.543597 5.435970 5.559470 0.00013635 0.001636 6.509292
0.011621 0.540357 5.403570 5.527070 0.00013533 0.001660 6.483916
0.011646 0.538530 5.385300 5.508800 0.00013472 0.001685 6.458612
0.011670 0.540191 5.401910 5.525410 0.00013470 0.001709 6.433377
0.011694 0.542351 5.423510 5.547010 0.00013516 0.001733 6.408214
0.011719 0.535872 5.358720 5.482220 0.00013463 0.001758 6.383121
0.011743 0.526734 5.267340 5.390840 0.00013273 0.001782 6.358098
0.011768 0.523162 5.231620 5.355120 0.00013118 0.001807 6.333145
0.011792 0.523079 5.230790 5.354290 0.00013073 0.001831 6.308261
0.011816 0.527233 5.272330 5.395830 0.00013123 0.001855 6.283448
0.011841 0.533130 5.331300 5.454800 0.00013245 0.001880 6.258704
0.011865 0.528229 5.282290 5.405790 0.00013258 0.001904 6.234029
94
Table A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Inûlse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.011890 0.524574 5.245740 5.369240 0.00013153 0.001929 6.209424
0.011914 0.518593 5.185930 5.309430 0.00013036 0.001953 6.184888
0.011987 0.511616 5.116160 5.239660 0.00012854 0.002026 6.111691
0.012012 0.511450 5.114500 5.238000 0.00012790 0.002051 6.087428
0.012036 0.504887 5.048870 5.172370 0.00012708 0.002075 6.063234
0.012061 0.507047 5.070470 5.193970 0.00012654 0.002100 6.039108
0.012085 0.509705 5.097050 5.220550 0.00012713 0.002124 6.015050
0.012109 0.507961 5.079610 5.203110 0.00012724 0.002148 5.991060
0.012134 0.504389 5.043890 5.167390 0.00012659 0.002173 5.967137
0.012158 0.508542 5.085420 5.208920 0.00012666 0.002197 5.943281
0.012183 0.501149 5.011490 5.134990 0.00012627 0.002222 5.919492
0.012207 0.496581 4.965810 5.089310 0.00012481 0.002246 5.895771
0.012231 0.502561 5.025610 5.149110 0.00012498 0.002271 5.872116
0.012256 0.504306 5.043060 5.166560 0.00012592 0.002295 5.848528
0.012280 0.497162 4.971620 5.095120 0.00012526 0.002319 5.825006
0.012305 0.490932 4.909320 5.032820 0.00012363 0.002344 5.801551
0.012329 0.488772 4.887720 5.011220 0.00012261 0.002368 5.778162
0.012354 0.487277 4.872770 4.996270 0.00012216 0.002393 5.754839
0.012378 0.486612 4.866120 4.989620 0.00012190 0.002417 5.731581
0.012402 0.488274 4.882740 5.006240 0.00012202 0.002441 5.708390
0.012427 0.497743 4.977430 5.100930 0.00012338 0.002466 5.685264
0.012451 0.496082 4.960820 5.084320 0.00012433 0.002490 5.662203
0.012476 0.484619 4.846190 4.969690 0.00012273 0.002515 5.639207
0.012500 0.478887 4.788870 4.912370 0.00012063 0.002539 5.616277
0.012524 0.477724 4.777240 4.900740 0.00011979 0.002563 5.593411
0.012549 0.476976 4.769760 4.893260 0.00011956 0.002588 5.570610
0.012573 0.473072 4.730720 4.854220 0.00011899 0.002612 5.547874
0.012598 0.473986 4.739860 4.863360 0.00011862 0.002637 5.525202
0.012622 0.472574 4.725740 4.849240 0.00011856 0.002661 5.502594
0.012647 0.465015 4.650150 4.773650 0.00011747 0.002686 5.480050
0.012671 0.459615 4.596150 4.719650 0.00011589 0.002710 5.457570
0.012695 0.464433 4.644330 4.767830 0.00011581 0.002734 5.435154
0.012720 0.464849 4.648490 4.771990 0.00011645 0.002759 5.412802
0.012744 0.464516 4.645160 4.768660 0.00011646 0.002783 5.390513
0.012769 0.462523 4.625230 4.748730 0.00011618 0.002808 5.368287
0.012793 0.458785 4.587850 4.711350 0.00011548 0.002832 5.346124
0.012817 0.457954 4.579540 4.703040 0.00011492 0.002856 5.324025
0.012842 0.452554 4.525540 4.649040 0.00011416 0.002881 5.301988
0.012866 0.446989 4.469890 4.593390 0.00011282 0.002905 5.280014
0.012891 0.452638 4.526380 4.649880 0.00011283 0.002930 5.258102
0.012915 0.449813 4.498130 4.621630 0.00011318 0.002954 5.236253
0.012940 0.441589 4.415890 4.539390 0.00011183 0.002979 5.214465
95
Table A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Iiiq)ulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.012964 0.438848 4.388480 4.511980 0.00011049 0.003003 5.192740
0.012988 0.435775 4.357750 4.481250 0.00010978 0.003027 5.171077
0.013062 0.436190 4.361900 4.485400 0.00010869 0.003101 5.106457
0.013086 0.432618 4.326180 4.449680 0.00010907 0.003125 5.085040
0.013110 0.429295 4.292950 4.416450 0.00010823 0.003149 5.063684
0.013135 0.430292 4.302920 4.426420 0.00010795 0.003174 5.042389
0.013159 0.424062 4.240620 4.364120 0.00010731 0.003198 5.021154
0.013184 0.420989 4.209890 4.333390 0.00010617 0.003223 4.999981
0.013208 0.420158 4.201580 4.325080 0.00010569 0.003247 4.978868
0.013232 0.417583 4.175830 4.299330 0.00010528 0.003271 4.957815
0.013257 0.418663 4.186630 4.310130 0.00010510 0.003296 4.936822
0.013281 0.421155 4.211550 4.335050 0.00010553 0.003320 4.915890
0.013306 0.415921 4.159210 4.282710 0.00010520 0.003345 4.895017
0.013330 0.410356 4.103560 4.227060 0.00010388 0.003369 4.874205
0.013355 0.415755 4.157550 4.281050 0.00010386 0.003394 4.853451
0.013379 0.407282 4.072820 4.196320 0.00010348 0.003418 4.832758
0.013403 0.402797 4.027970 4.151470 0.00010190 0.003442 4.812123
0.013428 0.407449 4.074490 4.197990 0.00010192 0.003467 4.791548
0.013452 0.410107 4.101070 4.224570 0.00010281 0.003491 4.771032
0.013477 0.404790 4.047900 4.171400 0.00010249 0.003516 4.750575
0.013501 0.397730 3.977300 4.100800 0.00010098 0.003540 4.730176
0.013525 0.392413 3.924130 4.047630 0.00009947 0.003564 4.709836
0.013550 0.390004 3.900040 4.023540 0.00009853 0.003589 4.689555
0.013574 0.388841 3.888410 4.011910 0.00009809 0.003613 4.669331
0.013599 0.389423 3.894230 4.017730 0.00009802 0.003638 4.649166
0.013623 0.391915 3.919150 4.042650 0.00009839 0.003662 4.629059
0.013648 0.392579 3.925790 4.049290 0.00009878 0.003687 4.609010
0.013672 0.392413 3.924130 4.047630 0.00009884 0.003711 4.589018
0.013696 0.388924 3.889240 4.012740 0.00009839 0.003735 4.569085
0.013721 0.389091 3.890910 4.014410 0.00009799 0.003760 4.549208
0.013745 0.386100 3.861000 3.984500 0.00009764 0.003784 4.529389
0.013770 0.381864 3.818640 3.942140 0.00009676 0.003809 4.509627
0.013794 0.379205 3.792050 3.915550 0.00009592 0.003833 4.489922
0.013818 0.379538 3.795380 3.918880 0.00009564 0.003857 4.470274
0.013843 0.379953 3.799530 3.923030 0.00009573 0.003882 4.450682
0.013867 0.375384 3.753840 3.877340 0.00009522 0.003906 4.431147
0.013892 0.379704 3.797040 3.920540 0.00009519 0.003931 4.411669
0.013916 0.376880 3.768800 3.892300 0.00009537 0.003955 4.392247
0.013940 0.375052 3.750520 3.874020 0.00009480 0.003979 4.372881
0.013965 0.372145 3.721450 3.844950 0.00009423 0.004004 4.353571
0.013989 0.368656 3.686560 3.810060 0.00009345 0.004028 4.334317
0.014014 0.370400 3.704000 3.827500 0.00009323 0.004053 4.315118
96
Ta ble A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Inpulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.014038 0.370151 3.701510 3.825010 0.00009341 0.004077 4.295976
0.014063 0.373225 3.732250 3.855750 0.00009376 0.004102 4.276888
0.014136 0.362841 3.628410 3.751910 0.00009176 0.004175 4.219958
0.014160 0.362343 3.623430 3.746930 0.00009154 0.004199 4.201091
0.014185 0.361180 3.611800 3.735300 0.00009134 0.004224 4.182279
0.014209 0.356279 3.562790 3.686290 0.00009060 0.004248 4.163521
0.014233 0.357857 3.578570 3.702070 0.00009019 0.004272 4.144818
0.014258 0.352042 3.520420 3.643920 0.00008967 0.004297 4.126170
0.014282 0.351627 3.516270 3.639770 0.00008891 0.004321 4.107575
0.014307 0.351710 3.517100 3.640600 0.00008887 0.004346 4.089035
0.014331 0.350132 3.501320 3.624820 0.00008869 0.004370 4.070549
0.014356 0.351544 3.515440 3.638940 0.00008867 0.004395 4.052116
0.014380 0.348221 3.482210 3.605710 0.00008844 0.004419 4.033737
0.014404 0.347557 3.475570 3.599070 0.00008795 0.004443 4.015412
0.014429 0.345314 3.453140 3.576640 0.00008759 0.004468 3.997140
0.014453 0.342323 3.423230 3.546730 0.00008696 0.004492 3.978921
0.014478 0.340662 3.406620 3.530120 0.00008639 0.004517 3.960756
0.014502 0.343985 3.439850 3.563350 0.00008659 0.004541 3.942643
0.014526 0.337339 3.373390 3.496890 0.00008618 0.004565 3.924584
0.014551 0.336924 3.369240 3.492740 0.00008532 0.004590 3.906577
0.014575 0.338253 3.382530 3.506030 0.00008543 0.004614 3.888623
0.014600 0.334266 3.342660 3.466160 0.00008511 0.004639 3.870721
0.014624 0.328036 3.280360 3.403860 0.00008386 0.004663 3.852872
0.014648 0.329115 3.291150 3.414650 0.00008323 0.004688 3.835074
0.014673 0.334016 3.340160 3.463660 0.00008396 0.004712 3.817329
0.014697 0.329531 3.295310 3.418810 0.00008401 0.004736 3.799636
0.014722 0.327371 3.273710 3.397210 0.00008320 0.004761 3.781995
0.014746 0.325211 3.252110 3.375610 0.00008268 0.004785 3.764405
0.014771 0.322138 3.221380 3.344880 0.00008204 0.004810 3.746867
0.014795 0.324796 3.247960 3.371460 0.00008199 0.004834 3.729381
0.014819 0.327122 3.271220 3.394720 0.00008260 0.004858 3.711945
0.014844 0.327952 3.279520 3.403020 0.00008298 0.004883 3.694561
0.014868 0.321889 3.218890 3.342390 0.00008234 0.004907 3.677228
0.014893 0.319646 3.196460 3.319960 0.00008133 0.004932 3.659946
0.014917 0.319147 3.191470 3.314970 0.00008099 0.004956 3.642715
0.014941 0.319480 3.194800 3.318300 0.00008097 0.004980 3.625534
0.014966 0.319563 3.195630 3.319130 0.00008102 0.005005 3.608404
0.014990 0.313249 3.132490 3.255990 0.00008026 0.005029 3.591324
0.015015 0.311007 3.110070 3.233570 0.00007922 0.005054 3.574295
0.015039 0.309345 3.093450 3.216950 0.00007874 0.005078 3.557315
0.015064 0.308348 3.083480 3.206980 0.00007842 0.005103 3.540386
0.015088 0.307933 3.079330 3.202830 0.00007824 0.005127 3.523507
97
Table A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Inpulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.015112 0.306189 3.061890 3.185390 0.00007798 0.005151 3.506677
0.015137 0.304278 3.042780 3.166280 0.00007754 0.005176 3.489897
0.015210 0.296802 2.968020 3.091520 0.00007638 0.005249 3.439854
0.015234 0.294144 2.941440 3.064940 0.00007515 0.005273 3.423272
0.015259 0.293645 2.936450 3.059950 0.00007477 0.005298 3.406738
0.015283 0.295141 2.951410 3.074910 0.00007489 0.005322 3.390253
0.015308 0.293064 2.930640 3.054140 0.00007482 0.005347 3.373818
0.015332 0.290240 2.902400 3.025900 0.00007422 0.005371 3.357430
0.015356 0.289409 2.894090 3.017590 0.00007377 0.005396 3.341092
0.015381 0.284840 2.848400 2.971900 0.00007311 0.005420 3.324802
0.015405 0.282763 2.827630 2.951130 0.00007230 0.005444 3.308560
0.015430 0.279441 2.794410 2.917910 0.00007164 0.005469 3.292366
0.015454 0.277530 2.775300 2.898800 0.00007100 0.005493 3.276220
0.015479 0.276201 2.762010 2.885510 0.00007061 0.005518 3.260122
0.015503 0.276035 2.760350 2.883850 0.00007043 0.005542 3.244072
0.015527 0.271965 2.719650 2.843150 0.00006991 0.005566 3.228070
0.015552 0.272629 2.726290 2.849790 0.00006949 0.005591 3.212115
0.015576 0.272629 2.726290 2.849790 0.00006958 0.005615 3.196208
0.015601 0.268144 2.681440 2.804940 0.00006903 0.005640 3.180348
0.015625 0.267230 2.672300 2.795800 0.00006837 0.005664 3.164536
0.015649 0.265735 2.657350 2.780850 0.00006807 0.005688 3.148770
0.015674 0.269057 2.690570 2.814070 0.00006830 0.005713 3.133051
0.015698 0.267147 2.671470 2.794970 0.00006847 0.005737 3.117379
0.015723 0.267479 2.674790 2.798290 0.00006828 0.005762 3.101754
0.015747 0.266399 2.663990 2.787490 0.00006819 0.005786 3.086176
0.015772 0.262661 2.626610 2.750110 0.00006760 0.005811 3.070644
0.015796 0.263076 2.630760 2.754260 0.00006719 0.005835 3.055158
0.015820 0.262827 2.628270 2.751770 0.00006721 0.005859 3.039719
0.015845 0.258923 2.589230 2.712730 0.00006671 0.005884 3.024326
0.015869 0.259421 2.594210 2.717710 0.00006629 0.005908 3.008978
0.015894 0.257594 2.575940 2.699440 0.00006613 0.005933 2.993677
0.015918 0.255933 2.559330 2.682830 0.00006570 0.005957 2.978422
0.015942 0.257179 2.571790 2.695290 0.00006565 0.005981 2.963212
0.015967 0.258508 2.585080 2.708580 0.00006597 0.006006 2.948048
0.015991 0.261498 2.614980 2.738480 0.00006649 0.006030 2.932929
0.016016 0.261332 2.613320 2.736820 0.00006684 0.006055 2.917855
0.016040 0.257677 2.576770 2.700270 0.00006637 0.006079 2.902827
0.016065 0.254188 2.541880 2.665380 0.00006550 0.006104 2.887844
0.016089 0.256265 2.562650 2.686150 0.00006533 0.006128 2.872906
0.016113 0.255600 2.556000 2.679500 0.00006550 0.006152 2.858012
0.016138 0.249785 2.497850 2.621350 0.00006471 0.006177 2.843164
0.016162 0.253025 2.530250 2.653750 0.00006439 0.006201 2.828360
98
Table A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Impulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.016187 0.250284 2.502840 2.626340 0.00006445 0.006226 2.813601
0.016211 0.246380 2.463800 2.587300 0.00006364 0.006250 2.798886
0.016284 0.237990 2.379900 2.503400 0.00006133 0.006323 2.755006
0.016309 0.238073 2.380730 2.504230 0.00006113 0.006348 2.740468
0.016333 0.238571 2.385710 2.509210 0.00006120 0.006372 2.725973
0.016357 0.235166 2.351660 2.475160 0.00006084 0.006396 2.711522
0.016382 0.234003 2.340030 2.463530 0.00006029 0.006421 2.697115
0.016406 0.234999 2.349990 2.473490 0.00006027 0.006445 2.682751
0.016431 0.232507 2.325070 2.448570 0.00006008 0.006470 2.668431
0.016455 0.233006 2.330060 2.453560 0.00005984 0.006494 2.654154
0.016480 0.231012 2.310120 2.433620 0.00005966 0.006519 2.639920
0.016504 0.226942 2.269420 2.392920 0.00005892 0.006543 2.625730
0.016528 0.226693 2.266930 2.390430 0.00005839 0.006567 2.611582
0.016553 0.227357 2.273570 2.397070 0.00005844 0.006592 2.597477
0.016577 0.225862 2.258620 2.382120 0.00005834 0.006616 2.583415
0.016602 0.225862 2.258620 2.382120 0.00005816 0.006641 2.569395
0.016626 0.226443 2.264430 2.387930 0.00005823 0.006665 2.555418
0.016650 0.223121 2.231210 2.354710 0.00005789 0.006689 2.541484
0.016675 0.221625 2.216250 2.339750 0.00005731 0.006714 2.527592
0.016699 0.221625 2.216250 2.339750 0.00005712 0.006738 2.513742
0.016724 0.220961 2.209610 2.333110 0.00005704 0.006763 2.499934
0.016748 0.222124 2.221240 2.344740 0.00005710 0.006787 2.486168
0.016773 0.220961 2.209610 2.333110 0.00005710 0.006812 2.472444
0.016797 0.221210 2.212100 2.335600 0.00005699 0.006836 2.458762
0.016821 0.217472 2.174720 2.298220 0.00005657 0.006860 2.445121
0.016846 0.217970 2.179700 2.303200 0.00005617 0.006885 2.431522
0.016870 0.221708 2.217080 2.340580 0.00005669 0.006909 2.417965
0.016895 0.216392 2.163920 2.287420 0.00005649 0.006934 2.404448
0.016919 0.213568 2.135680 2.259180 0.00005550 0.006958 2.390973
0.016943 0.213402 2.134020 2.257520 0.00005514 0.006982 2.377540
0.016968 0.212903 2.129030 2.252530 0.00005505 0.007007 2.364147
0.016992 0.208584 2.085840 2.209340 0.00005447 0.007031 2.350795
0.017017 0.204596 2.045960 2.169460 0.00005345 0.007056 2.337484
0.017041 0.200443 2.004430 2.127930 0.00005246 0.007080 2.324214
0.017065 0.201108 2.011080 2.134580 0.00005203 0.007105 2.310984
0.017090 0.200443 2.004430 2.127930 0.00005203 0.007129 2.297795
0.017114 0.196539 1.965390 2.088890 0.00005147 0.007153 2.284646
0.017139 0.195459 1.954590 2.078090 0.00005087 0.007178 2.271538
0.017163 0.197702 1.977020 2.100520 0.00005101 0.007202 2.258469
0.017188 0.198117 1.981170 2.104670 0.00005133 0.007227 2.245441
0.017212 0.197370 1.973700 2.097200 0.00005129 0.007251 2.232453
0.017236 0.191389 1.913890 2.037390 0.00005047 0.007275 2.219505
99
Table A.3 (cont. )
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure InQ)ulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.017261 0.195542 1.955420 2.078920 0.00005025 0.007300 2.206596
0.017285 0.186072 1.860720 1.984220 0.00004960 0.007324 2.193728
0.017358 0.296221 2.962210 3.085710 0.00007657 0.007397 2.155359
0.017383 0.299792 2.997920 3.121420 0.00007577 0.007422 2.142648
0.017407 0.300789 3.007890 3.131390 0.00007633 0.007446 2.129976
0.017432 0.315991 3.159910 3.283410 0.00007831 0.007471 2.117343
0.017456 0.330611 3.306110 3.429610 0.00008195 0.007495 2.104749
0.017481 0.331026 3.310260 3.433760 0.00008378 0.007520 2.092194
0.017505 0.326457 3.264570 3.388070 0.00008327 0.007544 2.079678
0.017529 0.329282 3.292820 3.416320 0.00008306 0.007568 2.067201
0.017554 0.329946 3.299460 3.422960 0.00008349 0.007593 2.054762
0.017578 0.323301 3.233010 3.356510 0.00008276 0.007617 2.042362
0.017603 0.324214 3.242140 3.365640 0.00008206 0.007642 2.030000
0.017627 0.347141 3.471410 3.594910 0.00008497 0.007666 2.017676
0.017651 0.360598 3.605980 3.729480 0.00008941 0.007690 2.005391
0.017676 0.363838 3.638380 3.761880 0.00009145 0.007715 1.993143
0.017700 0.365416 3.654160 3.777660 0.00009204 0.007739 1.980934
0.017725 0.361761 3.617610 3.741110 0.00009178 0.007764 1.968762
0.017749 0.355033 3.550330 3.673830 0.00009051 0.007788 1.956629
0.017773 0.353039 3.530390 3.653890 0.00008945 0.007813 1.944533
0.017798 0.355863 3.558630 3.682130 0.00008955 0.007837 1.932474
0.017822 0.356860 3.568600 3.692100 0.00009002 0.007861 1.920453
0.017847 0.356611 3.566110 3.689610 0.00009011 0.007886 1.908470
0.017871 0.359103 3.591030 3.714530 0.00009038 0.007910 1.896524
0.017896 0.360349 3.603490 3.726990 0.00009084 0.007935 1.884615
0.017920 0.359684 3.596840 3.720340 0.00009091 0.007959 1.872743
0.017944 0.353288 3.532880 3.656380 0.00009005 0.007983 1.860908
0.017969 0.347557 3.475570 3.599070 0.00008857 0.008008 1.849110
0.017993 0.359186 3.591860 3.715360 0.00008929 0.008032 1.837349
0.018018 0.373557 3.735570 3.859070 0.00009246 0.008057 1.825625
0.018042 0.381614 3.816140 3.939640 0.00009520 0.008081 1.813937
0.018066 0.375800 3.758000 3.881500 0.00009547 0.008105 1.802286
0.018091 0.369071 3.690710 3.814210 0.00009394 0.008130 1.790671
0.018115 0.358688 3.586880 3.710380 0.00009185 0.008154 1.779093
0.018140 0.344898 3.448980 3.572480 0.00008890 0.008179 1.767551
0.018164 0.340662 3.406620 3.530120 0.00008670 0.008203 1.756045
0.018189 0.336342 3.363420 3.486920 0.00008566 0.008228 1.744575
0.018213 0.325377 3.253770 3.377270 0.00008379 0.008252 1.733141
0.018237 0.320559 3.205590 3.329090 0.00008186 0.008276 1.721744
0.018262 0.314662 3.146620 3.270120 0.00008056 0.008301 1.710381
0.018286 0.319895 3.198950 3.322450 0.00008048 0.008325 1.699055
0.018311 0.323467 3.234670 3.358170 0.00008155 0.008350 1.687764
100
Table A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiu-e Impulse Time Pressure
(sec) (millivolts) (psi) (psi) (psi-msec) (sec) (psi)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.018335 0.324547 3.245470 3.368970 0.00008212 0.008374 1.676509
0.018359 0.328534 3.285340 3.408840 0.00008274 0.008398 1.665289
0.018433 0.314579 3.145790 3.269290 0.00008069 0.008472 1.631841
0.018457 0.308016 3.080160 3.203660 0.00007902 0.008496 1.620762
0.018481 0.303530 3.035300 3.158800 0.00007767 0.008521 1.609718
0.018506 0.299709 2.997090 3.120590 0.00007665 0.008545 1.598709
0.018530 0.294310 2.943100 3.066600 0.00007553 0.008569 1.587735
0.018555 0.290489 2.904890 3.028390 0.00007440 0.008594 1.576795
0.018579 0.289824 2.898240 3.021740 0.00007385 0.008618 1.565890
0.018604 0.284342 2.843420 2.966920 0.00007310 0.008643 1.555019
0.018628 0.277281 2.772810 2.896310 0.00007157 0.008667 1.544183
0.018652 0.276118 2.761180 2.884680 0.00007057 0.008691 1.533381
0.018677 0.269057 2.690570 2.814070 0.00006956 0.008716 1.522614
0.018701 0.263242 2.632420 2.755920 0.00006799 0.008740 1.511881
0.018726 0.263824 2.638240 2.761740 0.00006735 0.008765 1.501181
0.018750 0.256763 2.567630 2.691130 0.00006656 0.008789 1.490516
0.018774 0.260003 2.600030 2.723530 0.00006610 0.008813 1.479885
0.018799 0.270968 2.709680 2.833180 0.00006783 0.008838 1.469287
0.018823 0.266482 2.664820 2.788320 0.00006862 0.008862 1.458723
0.018848 0.267230 2.672300 2.795800 0.00006817 0.008887 1.448193
0.018872 0.265901 2.659010 2.782510 0.00006809 0.008911 1.437696
0.018897 0.259837 2.598370 2.721870 0.00006719 0.008936 1.427233
0.018921 0.255683 2.556830 2.680330 0.00006594 0.008960 1.416803
0.018945 0.252942 2.529420 2.652920 0.00006510 0.008984 1.406407
0.018970 0.251031 2.510310 2.633810 0.00006454 0.009009 1.396043
0.018994 0.245549 2.455490 2.578990 0.00006363 0.009033 1.385713
0.019019 0.243805 2.438050 2.561550 0.00006275 0.009058 1.375416
0.019043 0.237907 2.379070 2.502570 0.00006182 0.009082 1.365152
0.019067 0.237491 2.374910 2.498410 0.00006105 0.009106 1.354920
0.019092 0.236827 2.368270 2.491770 0.00006092 0.009131 1.344721
0.019116 0.239070 2.390700 2.514200 0.00006111 0.009155 1.334556
0.019141 0.233255 2.332550 2.456050 0.00006067 0.009180 1.324422
0.019165 0.234667 2.346670 2.470170 0.00006013 0.009204 1.314321
0.019190 0.241229 2.412290 2.535790 0.00006111 0.009229 1.304253
0.019214 0.234916 2.349160 2.472660 0.00006114 0.009253 1.294217
0.019238 0.236495 2.364950 2.488450 0.00006056 0.009277 1.284213
0.019263 0.231427 2.314270 2.437770 0.00006013 0.009302 1.274241
0.019287 0.228437 2.284370 2.407870 0.00005915 0.009326 1.264302
0.019312 0.227108 2.271080 2.394580 0.00005862 0.009351 1.254394
0.019336 0.225447 2.254470 2.377970 0.00005826 0.009375 1.244519
0.019360 0.223619 2.236190 2.359690 0.00005783 0.009399 1.234675
0.019385 0.217721 2.177210 2.300710 0.00005689 0.009424 1.224863
101
Table A.3 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.019409 0.210993 2.109930 2.233430 0.00005535 0.009448 1.215083
0.019458 0.198117 1.981170 2.104670 0.00005226 0.009497 1.195616
0.019482 0.192718 1.927180 2.050680 0.00005072 0.009521 1.185931
0.019507 0.193133 1.931330 2.054830 0.00005012 0.009546 1.176276
0.019531 0.194878 1.948780 2.072280 0.00005038 0.009570 1.166653
0.019556 0.193715 1.937150 2.060650 0.00005045 0.009595 1.157061
0.019580 0.194794 1.947940 2.071440 0.00005044 0.009619 1.147500
0.019605 0.193715 1.937150 2.060650 0.00005044 0.009644 1.137970
0.019629 0.191389 1.913890 2.037390 0.00005002 0.009668 1.128471
0.019653 0.188730 1.887300 2.010800 0.00004942 0.009692 1.119003
0.019678 0.187651 1.876510 2.000010 0.00004896 0.009717 1.109566
0.019702 0.186654 1.866540 1.990040 0.00004871 0.009741 1.100159
0.019727 0.189146 1.891460 2.014960 0.00004889 0.009766 1.090783
0.019751 0.185242 1.852420 1.975920 0.00004872 0.009790 1.081437
0.019775 0.179676 1.796760 1.920260 0.00004756 0.009814 1.072122
0.019800 0.180756 1.807560 1.931060 0.00004701 0.009839 1.062838
0.019824 0.177682 1.776820 1.900320 0.00004677 0.009863 1.053583
0.019849 0.171535 1.715350 1.838850 0.00004564 0.009888 1.044359
0.019873 0.173612 1.736120 1.859620 0.00004515 0.009912 1.035165
0.019898 0.172034 1.720340 1.843840 0.00004521 0.009937 1.026001
0.019922 0.170788 1.707880 1.831380 0.00004486 0.009961 1.016867
0.019946 0.168960 1.689600 1.813100 0.00004449 0.009985 1.007763
0.019971 0.164641 1.646410 1.769910 0.00004374 0.010010 0.998688
0.019995 0.164475 1.644750 1.768250 0.00004319 0.010034 0.989644
0.020020 0.161650 1.616500 1.740000 0.00004283 0.010059 0.980629
0.020044 0.158992 1.589920 1.713420 0.00004216 0.010083 0.971643
0.020068 0.158660 1.586600 1.710100 0.00004179 0.010107 0.962688
0.020093 0.159574 1.595740 1.719240 0.00004186 0.010132 0.953761
0.020117 0.158577 1.585770 1.709270 0.00004185 0.010156 0.944864
0.020142 0.161983 1.619830 1.743330 0.00004215 0.010181 0.935996
0.020166 0.162149 1.621490 1.744990 0.00004258 0.010205 0.927158
0.020190 0.161900 1.619000 1.742500 0.00004257 0.010230 0.918348
0.020215 0.162398 1.623980 1.747480 0.00004260 0.010254 0.909568
0.020239 0.160654 1.606540 1.730040 0.00004245 0.010278 0.900816
0.020264 0.165555 1.655550 1.779050 0.00004284 0.010303 0.892094
0.020288 0.164309 1.643090 1.766590 0.00004328 0.010327 0.883400
0.020313 0.164641 1.646410 1.769910 0.00004317 0.010352 0.874735
0.020337 0.164225 1.642250 1.765750 0.00004316 0.010376 0.866098
0.020361 0.161816 1.618160 1.741660 0.00004282 0.010400 0.857491
0.020386 0.156999 1.569990 1.693490 0.00004193 0.010425 0.848911
0.020410 0.150851 1.508510 1.632010 0.00004059 0.010449 0.840360
0.020435 0.158826 1.588260 1.711760 0.00004082 0.010474 0.831838
102
1rable A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiu-e Pressure Inqjulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.020459 0.165721 1.657210 1.780710 0.00004263 0.010498 0.823344
0.020483 0.181005 1.810050 1.933550 0.00004534 0.010522 0.814878
0.020557 0.221875 2.218750 2.342250 0.00005669 0.010596 0.789648
0.020581 0.215645 2.156450 2.279950 0.00005642 0.010620 0.781294
0.020606 0.208251 2.082510 2.206010 0.00005476 0.010645 0.772968
0.020630 0.195957 1.959570 2.083070 0.00005236 0.010669 0.764670
0.020654 0.198117 1.981170 2.104670 0.00005112 0.010693 0.756399
0.020679 0.192967 1.929670 2.053170 0.00005075 0.010718 0.748156
0.020703 0.184743 1.847430 1.970930 0.00004912 0.010742 0.739941
0.020728 0.178845 1.788450 1.911950 0.00004740 0.010767 0.731753
0.020752 0.173944 1.739440 1.862940 0.00004608 0.010791 0.723592
0.020776 0.172117 1.721170 1.844670 0.00004526 0.010815 0.715459
0.020801 0.176852 1.768520 1.892020 0.00004561 0.010840 0.707353
0.020825 0.186571 1.865710 1.989210 0.00004738 0.010864 0.699274
0.020850 0.194628 1.946280 2.069780 0.00004955 0.010889 0.691222
0.020874 0.183913 1.839130 1.962630 0.00004922 0.010913 0.683197
0.020898 0.189312 1.893120 2.016620 0.00004857 0.010938 0.675200
0.020923 0.209082 2.090820 2.214320 0.00005165 0.010962 0.667229
0.020947 0.205926 2.059260 2.182760 0.00005368 0.010986 0.659285
0.020972 0.203600 2.036000 2.159500 0.00005301 0.011011 0.651367
0.020996 0.196954 1.969540 2.093040 0.00005191 0.011035 0.643477
0.021021 0.188897 1.888970 2.012470 0.00005012 0.011060 0.635613
0.021045 0.183414 1.834140 1.957640 0.00004846 0.011084 0.627775
0.021069 0.182500 1.825000 1.948500 0.00004768 0.011108 0.619964
0.021094 0.183331 1.833310 1.956810 0.00004767 0.011133 0.612180
0.021118 0.183746 1.837460 1.960960 0.00004782 0.011157 0.604421
0.021143 0.180258 1.802580 1.926080 0.00004745 0.011182 0.596689
0.021167 0.178679 1.786790 1.910290 0.00004683 0.011206 0.588983
0.021191 0.174277 1.742770 1.866270 0.00004610 0.011230 0.581304
0.021216 0.171286 1.712860 1.836360 0.00004520 0.011255 0.573650
0.021240 0.168130 1.681300 1.804800 0.00004445 0.011279 0.566022
0.021265 0.159158 1.591580 1.715080 0.00004297 0.011304 0.558420
0.021289 0.163312 1.633120 1.756620 0.00004238 0.011328 0.550844
0.021314 0.165056 1.650560 1.774060 0.00004310 0.011353 0.543294
0.021338 0.157580 1.575800 1.699300 0.00004240 0.011377 0.535770
0.021362 0.156500 1.565000 1.688500 0.00004136 0.011401 0.528271
0.021387 0.159657 1.596570 1.720070 0.00004161 0.011426 0.520798
0.021411 0.160238 1.602380 1.725880 0.00004206 0.011450 0.513350
0.021436 0.156666 1.566660 1.690160 0.00004170 0.011475 0.505927
0.021460 0.156832 1.568320 1.691820 0.00004128 0.011499 0.498530
0.021484 0.154008 1.540080 1.663580 0.00004096 0.011523 0.491159
0.021509 0.147197 1.471970 1.595470 0.00003978 0.011548 0.483812
103
Table A.3 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.021533 0.139637 1.396370 1.519870 0.00003803 0.011572 0.476491
0.021558 0.139554 1.395540 1.519040 0.00003710 0.011597 0.469194
0.021631 0.140634 1.406340 1.529840 0.00003761 0.011670 0.447455
0.021655 0.132826 1.328260 1.451760 0.00003640 0.011694 0.440259
0.021680 0.129005 1.290050 1.413550 0.00003498 0.011719 0.433087
0.021704 0.121030 1.210300 1.333800 0.00003354 0.011743 0.425940
0.021729 0.115132 1.151320 1.274820 0.00003184 0.011768 0.418817
0.021753 0.109733 1.097330 1.220830 0.00003046 0.011792 0.411719
0.021777 0.108819 1.088190 1.211690 0.00002969 0.011816 0.404646
0.021802 0.110564 1.105640 1.229140 0.00002980 0.011841 0.397597
0.021826 0.112723 1.127230 1.250730 0.00003027 0.011865 0.390572
0.021851 0.108819 1.088190 1.211690 0.00003006 0.011890 0.383572
0.021875 0.106244 1.062440 1.185940 0.00002927 0.011914 0.376595
0.021899 0.105247 1.052470 1.175970 0.00002883 0.011938 0.369643
0.021924 0.105247 1.052470 1.175970 0.00002871 0.011963 0.362715
0.021948 0.104250 1.042500 1.166000 0.00002859 0.011987 0.355812
0.021973 0.099432 0.994324 1.117824 0.00002788 0.012012 0.348932
0.021997 0.095279 0.952790 1.076290 0.00002678 0.012036 0.342076
0.022022 0.089381 0.893812 1.017312 0.00002556 0.012061 0.335243
0.022046 0.084729 0.847294 0.970794 0.00002427 0.012085 0.328435
0.022070 0.080991 0.809913 0.933413 0.00002324 0.012109 0.321650
0.022095 0.076589 0.765887 0.889387 0.00002225 0.012134 0.314889
0.022119 0.073681 0.736813 0.860313 0.00002136 0.012158 0.308152
0.022144 0.067368 0.673681 0.797181 0.00002023 0.012183 0.301438
0.022168 0.061803 0.618026 0.741526 0.00001878 0.012207 0.294747
0.022192 0.064959 0.649592 0.773092 0.00001849 0.012231 0.288080
0.022217 0.063298 0.632978 0.756478 0.00001867 0.012256 0.281436
0.022241 0.063381 0.633809 0.757309 0.00001848 0.012280 0.274816
0.022266 0.058397 0.583968 0.707468 0.00001788 0.012305 0.268219
0.022290 0.052499 0.524990 0.648490 0.00001655 0.012329 0.261645
0.022315 0.049841 0.498408 0.621908 0.00001551 0.012354 0.255093
0.022339 0.048761 0.487609 0.611109 0.00001505 0.012378 0.248565
0.022363 0.046435 0.464350 0.587850 0.00001464 0.012402 0.242060
0.022388 0.038128 0.381282 0.504782 0.00001334 0.012427 0.235578
0.022412 0.035802 0.358023 0.481523 0.00001204 0.012451 0.229119
0.022437 0.032230 0.322304 0.445804 0.00001132 0.012476 0.222682
0.022461 0.028991 0.289907 0.413407 0.00001049 0.012500 0.216268
0.022485 0.026333 0.263326 0.386826 0.00000977 0.012524 0.209877
0.022510 0.026914 0.269140 0.392640 0.00000951 0.012549 0.203508
0.022534 0.027496 0.274955 0.398455 0.00000966 0.012573 0.197162
0.022559 0.027662 0.276616 0.400116 0.00000975 0.012598 0.190839
0.022583 0.025668 0.256680 0.380180 0.00000953 0.012622 0.184537
104
Table A.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Impulse Time Pressiu-e
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.022607 0.023010 0.230098 0.353598 0.00000896 0.012647 0.178258
0.022632 0.021598 0.215977 0.339477 0.00000846 0.012671 0.172002
0.022705 0.016780 0.167797 0.291297 0.00000736 0.012744 0.153365
0.022730 0.018773 0.187734 0.311234 0.00000736 0.012769 0.147197
0.022754 0.020767 0.207670 0.331170 0.00000784 0.012793 0.141051
0.022778 0.020019 0.200194 0.323694 0.00000799 0.012817 0.134926
0.022803 0.019023 0.190226 0.313726 0.00000778 0.012842 0.128824
0.022827 0.024837 0.248373 0.371873 0.00000837 0.012866 0.122743
0.022852 0.045854 0.458535 0.582035 0.00001164 0.012891 0.116685
0.022876 0.070608 0.706078 0.829578 0.00001723 0.012915 0.110647
0.022900 0.070857 0.708570 0.832070 0.00002028 0.012939 0.104632
0.022925 0.062966 0.629655 0.753155 0.00001935 0.012964 0.098638
0.022949 0.057317 0.573169 0.696669 0.00001770 0.012988 0.092666
0.022974 0.052582 0.525820 0.649320 0.00001643 0.013013 0.086715
0.022998 0.050588 0.505884 0.629384 0.00001561 0.013037 0.080785
0.023023 0.046186 0.461858 0.585358 0.00001483 0.013062 0.074877
0.023047 0.039374 0.393742 0.517242 0.00001346 0.013086 0.068990
0.023071 0.035553 0.355531 0.479031 0.00001216 0.013110 0.063124
0.023096 0.030984 0.309844 0.433344 0.00001114 0.013135 0.057279
0.023120 0.026416 0.264156 0.387656 0.00001002 0.013159 0.051456
0.023145 0.024007 0.240067 0.363567 0.00000917 0.013184 0.045654
0.023169 0.021598 0.215977 0.339477 0.00000858 0.013208 0.039872
0.023193 0.015451 0.154506 0.278006 0.00000754 0.013232 0.034112
0.023218 0.013208 0.132078 0.255578 0.00000651 0.013257 0.028372
0.023242 0.008473 0.084729 0.208229 0.00000566 0.013281 0.022653
0.023267 -0.000083 -0.000831 0.122669 0.00000404 0.013306 0.016955
0.023291 -0.004070 -0.040703 0.082797 0.00000251 0.013330 0.011278
0.023315 -0.007476 -0.074761 0.048739 0.0000016 0.013355 0.005621
0.023340 -0.005482 -0.054825 0.068675 0.0000014 0.013379 -0.000015
105
APPENDIX B
FOURTH AIR BLAST PRESSURE-TEVIE HISTORIES
106
Table B.l - Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast
Pressure-Time History for the Fourth Blast
Po = 12.18 psi a= 0.72
td = 0.007520 sec 1= 37 psi-msec
Time Pressure Pressme Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
-0.001000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
0.011182 -0.036078 -1.054572 -0.038869 0.000000 14.391916
0.011206 -0.033102 -0.967574 0.048128 0.000024 14.307703
0.011231 -0.020257 -0.592097 0.423605 0.000049 14.223832
0.011255 0.284991 8.330287 9.345989 0.000073 14.140299
0.011279 0.348298 10.180751 11.196453 0.000098 14.057106
0.011304 0.360685 10.542823 11.558525 0.000122 13.974249
0.011328 0.329018 9.617196 10.632899 0.000146 13.891729
0.011353 0.284066 8.303249 9.318952 0.000171 13.809543
0.011377 0.280340 8.194338 9.210041 0.000195 13.727691
0.011401 0.279610 8.173000 9.188703 0.000220 13.646172
0.011426 0.282207 8.248911 9.264613 0.000244 13.564984
0.011450 0.281948 8.241340 9.257043 0.000269 13.484126
0.011475 0.276180 8.072741 9.088444 0.000293 13.403597
0.011499 0.278898 8.152189 9.167891 0.000317 13.323396
0.011523 0.261853 7.653963 8.669666 0.000342 13.243522
0.011548 0.265311 7.755041 8.770743 0.000366 13.163973
0.011572 0.270581 7.909083 8.924785 0.000391 13.084749
0.011597 0.266299 7.783920 8.799622 0.000415 13.005847
0.011621 0.255018 7.454176 8.469879 0.000439 12.927268
0.011646 0.251477 7.350673 8.366375 0.000464 12.849010
0.011670 0.241596 7.061851 8.077554 0.000488 12.771072
0.011694 0.232785 6.804306 7.820008 0.000513 12.693452
0.011719 0.230068 6.724888 7.740590 0.000537 12.616149
0.011743 0.227515 6.650263 7.665966 0.000562 12.539163
0.011768 0.223151 6.522704 7.538406 0.000586 12.462493
0.011792 0.222328 6.498647 7.514350 0.000610 12.386136
0.011816 0.215081 6.286818 7.302520 0.000635 12.310093
0.011841 0.210553 6.154464 7.170167 0.000659 12.234361
0.011865 0.201824 5.899316 6.915018 0.000684 12.158941
0.011890 0.201858 5.900321 6.916024 0.000708 12.083830
0.011914 0.199202 5.822674 6.838377 0.000732 12.009027
0.011939 0.199579 5.833694 6.849397 0.000757 11.934532
0.011963 0.197954 5.786195 6.801898 0.000781 11.860344
0.011987 0.196554 5.745273 6.760976 0.000806 11.786460
0.012012 0.187002 5.466068 6.481771 0.000830 11.712882
0.012036 0.178439 5.215772 6.231474 0.000854 11.639606
107
TableB.l (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiu-e Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.012061 0.172016 5.028028 6.043730 0.000879 11.566632
0.012109 0.165181 4.828241 5.843943 0.000928 11.421587
0.012134 0.164605 4.811404 5.827107 0.000952 11.349513
0.012158 0.156288 4.568298 5.584001 0.000977 11.277737
0.012183 0.151348 4.423902 5.439605 0.001001 11.206257
0.012207 0.157029 4.589958 5.605660 0.001025 11.135073
0.012231 0.155712 4.551462 5.567164 0.001050 11.064184
0.012256 0.152583 4.460001 5.475704 0.001074 10.993589
0.012280 0.153653 4.491277 5.506980 0.001099 10.923286
0.012305 0.153488 4.486454 5.502157 0.001123 10.853274
0.012329 0.153488 4.486454 5.502157 0.001147 10.783553
0.012354 0.152171 4.447958 5.463661 0.001172 10.714121
0.012378 0.151512 4.428696 5.444398 0.001196 10.644978
0.012402 0.147971 4.325192 5.340895 0.001221 10.576122
0.012427 0.145854 4.263312 5.279015 0.001245 10.507552
0.012451 0.145466 4.251971 5.267674 0.001270 10.439268
0.012476 0.143250 4.187198 5.202900 0.001294 10.371267
0.012500 0.143667 4.199386 5.215089 0.001318 10.303550
0.012524 0.142207 4.156711 5.172413 0.001343 10.236116
0.012549 0.142619 4.168753 5.184456 0.001367 10.168962
0.012573 0.143690 4.200059 5.215761 0.001392 10.102089
0.012598 0.143937 4.207279 5.222981 0.001416 10.035495
0.012622 0.141549 4.137477 5.153180 0.001440 9.969179
0.012647 0.138420 4.046017 5.061719 0.001465 9.903140
0.012671 0.136690 3.995449 5.011151 0.001489 9.837378
0.012695 0.135455 3.959350 4.975052 0.001514 9.771891
0.012720 0.135455 3.959350 4.975052 0.001538 9.706678
0.012744 0.133973 3.916031 4.931733 0.001563 9.641738
0.012769 0.135985 3.974842 4.990544 0.001587 9.577070
0.012793 0.134197 3.922578 4.938281 0.001611 9.512674
0.012817 0.134420 3.929097 4.944799 0.001636 9.448548
0.012842 0.134067 3.918778 4.934481 0.001660 9.384692
0.012866 0.134138 3.920854 4.936556 0.001685 9.321104
0.012891 0.133314 3.896768 4.912471 0.001709 9.257783
0.012915 0.132161 3.863066 4.878769 0.001733 9.194729
0.012940 0.127056 3.713847 4.729549 0.001758 9.131940
0.012964 0.123927 3.622386 4.638089 0.001782 9.069416
0.012988 0.126480 3.697010 4.712713 0.001807 9.007155
0.013013 0.126162 3.687715 4.703418 0.001831 8.945157
0.013037 0.126233 3.689791 4.705493 0.001855 8.883421
0.013062 0.125656 3.672925 4.688627 0.001880 8.821945
0.013086 0.118739 3.470741 4.486443 0.001904 8.760730
108
TableB.l cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiu-e Pressiu-e Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.013110 0.116516 3.405763 4.421465 0.001929 8.699773
0.013135 0.115034 3.362444 4.378146 0.001953 8.639074
0.013208 0.106141 3.102501 4.118204 0.002026 8.458516
0.013232 0.106059 3.100105 4.115807 0.002051 8.398840
0.013257 0.110047 3.216674 4.232376 0.002075 8.339417
0.013281 0.107083 3.130039 4.145742 0.002100 8.280246
0.013306 0.110294 3.223894 4.239596 0.002124 8.221327
0.013330 0.111612 3.262419 4.278121 0.002148 8.162658
0.013355 0.108071 3.158921 4.174624 0.002173 8.104240
0.013379 0.106918 3.125225 4.140927 0.002197 8.046070
0.013403 0.107001 3.127633 4.143336 0.002222 7.988147
0.013428 0.103835 3.035097 4.050800 0.002246 7.930472
0.013452 0.105153 3.073622 4.089325 0.002271 7.873043
0.013477 0.104988 3.068799 4.084502 0.002295 7.815860
0.013501 0.104906 3.066402 4.082105 0.002319 7.758920
0.013525 0.100212 2.929197 3.944899 0.002344 7.702224
0.013550 0.097165 2.840145 3.855847 0.002368 7.645771
0.013574 0.099553 2.909946 3.925648 0.002393 7.589559
0.013599 0.097165 2.840145 3.855847 0.002417 7.533588
0.013623 0.095107 2.779975 3.795677 0.002441 7.477857
0.013648 0.094119 2.751090 3.766792 0.002466 7.422365
0.013672 0.097495 2.849773 3.865476 0.002490 7.367111
0.013696 0.094942 2.775161 3.790863 0.002515 7.312094
0.013721 0.092390 2.700545 3.716248 0.002539 7.257314
0.013745 0.087614 2.560946 3.576648 0.002563 7.202770
0.013770 0.085967 2.512807 3.528509 0.002588 7.148460
0.013794 0.085143 2.488739 3.504441 0.002612 7.094384
0.013818 0.088355 2.582608 3.598310 0.002637 7.040542
0.013843 0.088684 2.592236 3.607939 0.002661 6.986931
0.013867 0.089178 2.606676 3.622378 0.002686 6.933552
0.013892 0.090002 2.630744 3.646446 0.002710 6.880403
0.013916 0.090660 2.650001 3.665703 0.002734 6.827485
0.013940 0.089837 2.625933 3.641635 0.002759 6.774794
0.013965 0.087449 2.556131 3.571834 0.002783 6.722332
0.013989 0.091319 2.669254 3.684957 0.002808 6.670097
0.014014 0.092143 2.693325 3.709028 0.002832 6.618089
0.014038 0.093295 2.727022 3.742724 0.002856 6.566306
0.014063 0.095519 2.792009 3.807711 0.002881 6.514748
0.014087 0.090002 2.630744 3.646446 0.002905 6.463413
0.014111 0.090331 2.640372 3.656075 0.002930 6.412302
0.014136 0.090413 2.642781 3.658483 0.002954 6.361413
0.014160 0.088684 2.592236 3.607939 0.002979 6.310745
109
TableB.l(cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.014185 0.089013 2.601862 3.617564 0.003003 6.260298
0.014209 0.088355 2.582608 3.598310 0.003027 6.210071
0.014282 0.099800 2.917166 3.932868 0.003101 6.060701
0.014307 0.101612 2.970119 3.985821 0.003125 6.011345
0.014331 0.103506 3.025480 4.041183 0.003149 5.962205
0.014356 0.103588 3.027877 4.043580 0.003174 5.913280
0.014380 0.105235 3.076019 4.091722 0.003198 5.864570
0.014404 0.106717 3.119338 4.135040 0.003223 5.816073
0.014429 0.102765 3.003821 4.019523 0.003247 5.767788
0.014453 0.100459 2.936417 3.952119 0.003271 5.719716
0.014478 0.096013 2.806448 3.822151 0.003296 5.671854
0.014502 0.100965 2.951210 3.966912 0.003320 5.624204
0.014526 0.101459 2.965647 3.981349 0.003345 5.576762
0.014551 0.102200 2.987306 4.003009 0.003369 5.529530
0.014575 0.098824 2.888631 3.904334 0.003394 5.482505
0.014600 0.096272 2.814016 3.829718 0.003418 5.435688
0.014624 0.095366 2.787542 3.803245 0.003442 5.389078
0.014648 0.093225 2.724961 3.740663 0.003467 5.342673
0.014673 0.096683 2.826053 3.841755 0.003491 5.296473
0.014697 0.097918 2.862155 3.877857 0.003516 5.250478
0.014722 0.100389 2.934362 3.950064 0.003540 5.204686
0.014746 0.101377 2.963250 3.978952 0.003564 5.159097
0.014771 0.103024 3.011392 4.027094 0.003589 5.113710
0.014795 0.100965 2.951210 3.966912 0.003613 5.068524
0.014819 0.107964 3.155788 4.171490 0.003638 5.023539
0.014844 0.111587 3.261688 4.277391 0.003662 4.978754
0.014868 0.111082 3.246927 4.262629 0.003687 4.934168
0.014893 0.117257 3.427422 4.443125 0.003711 4.889780
0.014917 0.115281 3.369664 4.385366 0.003735 4.845590
0.014941 0.110423 3.227664 4.243367 0.003760 4.801596
0.014966 0.106717 3.119338 4.135040 0.003784 4.757799
0.014990 0.111082 3.246927 4.262629 0.003809 4.714197
0.015015 0.111658 3.263763 4.279466 0.003833 4.670790
0.015039 0.112317 3.283026 4.298728 0.003857 4.627577
0.015064 0.110917 3.242104 4.257806 0.003882 4.584558
0.015088 0.109846 3.210799 4.226501 0.003906 4.541730
0.015112 0.106800 3.121764 4.137467 0.003931 4.499095
0.015137 0.103341 3.020657 4.036360 0.003955 4.456651
0.015161 0.109846 3.210799 4.226501 0.003979 4.414397
0.015186 0.110258 3.222841 4.238544 0.004004 4.372334
0.015210 0.112070 3.275806 4.291509 0.004028 4.330459
0.015234 0.114375 3.343181 4.358884 0.004053 4.288772
110
TableB.l(cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.015259 0.115034 3.362444 4.378146 0.004077 4.247273
0.015283 0.121457 3.550188 4.565891 0.004102 4.205961
0.015356 0.120716 3.528529 4.544231 0.004175 4.083141
0.015381 0.118328 3.458727 4.474430 0.004199 4.042570
0.015405 0.118245 3.456301 4.472004 0.004224 4.002182
0.015430 0.120551 3.523706 4.539408 0.004248 3.961978
0.015454 0.120963 3.535748 4.551451 0.004272 3.921955
0.015479 0.120304 3.516486 4.532188 0.004297 3.882114
0.015503 0.120304 3.516486 4.532188 0.004321 3.842454
0.015527 0.118904 3.475564 4.491266 0.004346 3.802974
0.015552 0.117010 3.420202 4.435905 0.004370 3.763673
0.015576 0.120716 3.528529 4.544231 0.004395 3.724552
0.015601 0.122280 3.574244 4.589947 0.004419 3.685608
0.015625 0.122610 3.583890 4.599593 0.004443 3.646842
0.015649 0.129197 3.776428 4.792131 0.004468 3.608253
0.015674 0.130679 3.819747 4.835450 0.004492 3.569840
0.015698 0.128538 3.757166 4.772868 0.004517 3.531602
0.015723 0.130926 3.826967 4.842669 0.004541 3.493539
0.015747 0.128127 3.745152 4.760855 0.004565 3.455651
0.015772 0.127139 3.716273 4.731975 0.004590 3.417936
0.015796 0.125080 3.656088 4.671791 0.004614 3.380394
0.015820 0.117916 3.446685 4.462387 0.004639 3.343024
0.015845 0.118986 3.477961 4.493663 0.004663 3.305826
0.015869 0.121704 3.557408 4.573110 0.004688 3.268798
0.015894 0.119563 3.494826 4.510529 0.004712 3.231941
0.015918 0.119481 3.492430 4.508132 0.004736 3.195254
0.015942 0.119481 3.492430 4.508132 0.004761 3.158736
0.015967 0.116434 3.403366 4.419068 0.004785 3.122386
0.015991 0.112564 3.290246 4.305948 0.004810 3.086204
0.016016 0.108611 3.174700 4.190402 0.004834 3.050190
0.016040 0.108199 3.162657 4.178359 0.004858 3.014342
0.016065 0.108447 3.169906 4.185608 0.004883 2.978659
0.016089 0.103753 3.032700 4.048403 0.004907 2.943142
0.016113 0.104576 3.056756 4.072459 0.004932 2.907790
0.016138 0.106882 3.124161 4.139863 0.004956 2.872602
0.016162 0.108364 3.167480 4.183182 0.004980 2.837578
0.016187 0.109352 3.196359 4.212061 0.005005 2.802716
0.016211 0.104082 3.042317 4.058019 0.005029 2.768016
0.016235 0.107541 3.143423 4.159126 0.005054 2.733478
0.016260 0.106059 3.100105 4.115807 0.005078 2.699101
0.016284 0.105812 3.092885 4.108587 0.005103 2.664885
0.016309 0.099389 2.905132 3.920834 0.005127 2.630828
111
TableB.l(cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.016333 0.096589 2.823296 3.838999 0.005151 2.596931
0.016357 0.096754 2.828111 3.843813 0.005176 2.563192
0.016431 0.083085 2.428566 3.444268 0.005249 2.462921
0.016455 0.082838 2.421346 3.437048 0.005273 2.429811
0.016480 0.080450 2.351545 3.367247 0.005298 2.396856
0.016504 0.077732 2.272115 3.287818 0.005322 2.364057
0.016528 0.075509 2.207131 3.222834 0.005347 2.331412
0.016553 0.075838 2.216756 3.232459 0.005371 2.298921
0.016577 0.073780 2.156586 3.172289 0.005396 2.266583
0.016602 0.070157 2.050680 3.066383 0.005420 2.234398
0.016626 0.069416 2.029021 3.044723 0.005444 2.202365
0.016650 0.068839 2.012170 3.027872 0.005469 2.170483
0.016675 0.073039 2.134924 3.150627 0.005493 2.138753
0.016699 0.075427 2.204722 3.220425 0.005518 2.107173
0.016724 0.073368 2.144550 3.160252 0.005542 2.075743
0.016748 0.073121 2.137330 3.153032 0.005566 2.044463
0.016773 0.077979 2.279338 3.295040 0.005591 2.013331
0.016797 0.075180 2.197503 3.213205 0.005615 1.982347
0.016821 0.071145 2.079565 3.095268 0.005640 1.951511
0.016846 0.067275 1.966439 2.982142 0.005664 1.920823
0.016870 0.064722 1.891827 2.907529 0.005688 1.890280
0.016895 0.067028 1.959220 2.974922 0.005713 1.859884
0.016919 0.066863 1.954405 2.970108 0.005737 1.829633
0.016943 0.067110 1.961625 2.977328 0.005762 1.799527
0.016968 0.071557 2.091599 3.107302 0.005786 1.769565
0.016992 0.075756 2.214351 3.230053 0.005811 1.739747
0.017017 0.076497 2.236013 3.251716 0.005835 1.710072
0.017041 0.080697 2.358765 3.374467 0.005859 1.680540
0.017065 0.080779 2.361173 3.376876 0.005884 1.651150
0.017090 0.082014 2.397275 3.412978 0.005908 1.621901
0.017114 0.089919 2.628338 3.644041 0.005933 1.592794
0.017139 0.093872 2.743870 3.759572 0.005957 1.563827
0.017163 0.097001 2.835333 3.851036 0.005981 1.535000
0.017188 0.099883 2.919574 3.935277 0.006006 1.506313
0.017212 0.100871 2.948459 3.964162 0.006030 1.477764
0.017236 0.105317 3.078416 4.094118 0.006055 1.449354
0.017261 0.105400 3.080842 4.096545 0.006079 1.421082
0.017285 0.102353 2.991778 4.007481 0.006104 1.392947
0.017310 0.100871 2.948459 3.964162 0.006128 1.364949
0.017334 0.099718 2.914760 3.930463 0.006152 1.337087
0.017358 0.098236 2.871435 3.887138 0.006177 1.309361
0.017383 0.097083 2.837739 3.853442 1 0.006201 1.281770
112
TableB.l(cont.)
Time Pressiu'e Pressure Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.017407 0.095519 2.792009 3.807711 0.006226 1.254315
0.017432 0.094695 2.767938 3.783640 0.006250 1.226993
0.017505 0.093378 2.729427 3.745130 0.006323 1.145828
0.017529 0.087614 2.560946 3.576648 0.006348 1.119038
0.017554 0.089013 2.601862 3.617564 0.006372 1.092380
0.017578 0.085555 2.500773 3.516475 0.006396 1.065853
0.017603 0.082014 2.397275 3.412978 0.006421 1.039456
0.017627 0.078638 2.298592 3.314294 0.006445 1.013190
0.017651 0.072627 2.122890 3.138593 0.006470 0.987053
0.017676 0.067110 1.961625 2.977328 0.006494 0.961046
0.017700 0.061099 1.785921 2.801623 0.006519 0.935167
0.017725 0.052453 1.533198 2.548901 0.006543 0.909417
0.017749 0.049324 1.441735 2.457437 0.006567 0.883794
0.017773 0.044466 1.299727 2.315429 0.006592 0.858299
0.017798 0.037302 1.090326 2.106028 0.006616 0.832930
0.017822 0.032937 0.962760 1.978463 0.006641 0.807687
0.017847 0.027420 0.801498 1.817201 0.006665 0.782570
0.017871 0.023386 0.683561 1.699264 0.006689 0.757579
0.017896 0.020586 0.601726 1.617428 0.006714 0.732712
0.017920 0.018116 0.529519 1.545222 0.006738 0.707969
0.017944 0.017045 0.498228 1.513931 0.006763 0.683351
0.017969 0.016057 0.469346 1.485049 0.006787 0.658855
0.017993 0.013175 0.385105 1.400808 0.006812 0.634483
0.018018 0.010540 0.308084 1.323787 0.006836 0.610233
0.018042 0.009881 0.288828 1.304531 0.006860 0.586105
0.018066 0.010046 0.293642 1.309344 0.006885 0.562098
0.018091 0.010211 0.298456 1.314158 0.006909 0.538212
0.018115 0.007082 0.206994 1.222696 0.006934 0.514447
0.018140 0.000494 0.014441 1.030144 0.006958 0.490802
0.018164 -0.004364 -0.127566 0.888137 0.006982 0.467277
0.018189 -0.002635 -0.077021 0.938681 0.007007 0.443870
0.018213 -0.001482 -0.043324 0.972378 0.007031 0.420582
0.018237 0.000494 0.014441 1.030144 0.007056 0.397413
0.018262 0.000659 0.019255 1.034958 0.007080 0.374361
0.018286 -0.006752 -0.197366 0.818336 0.007105 0.351427
0.018311 -0.009387 -0.274387 0.741316 0.007129 0.328609
0.018335 -0.010211 -0.298456 0.717247 0.007153 0.305908
0.018359 -0.010046 -0.293642 0.722061 0.007178 0.283323
0.018384 -0.012352 -0.361034 0.654668 0.007202 0.260853
0.018408 -0.015645 -0.457312 0.558390 0.007227 0.238498
0.018433 -0.014493 -0.423616 0.592087 0.007251 0.216258
0.018457 -0.013998 -0.409173 0.606529 0.007275 0.194132
113
TableB.l(cont.)
Time Pressiu-e Pressure Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.018481 -0.016139 -0.471752 0.543951 0.007300 0.172119
0.018506 -0.016057 -0.469346 0.546356 0.007324 0.150220
0.018579 -0.019104 -0.558401 0.457301 0.007397 0.085198
0.018604 -0.023962 -0.700409 0.315293 0.007422 0.063748
0.018628 -0.027338 -0.799093 0.216610 0.007446 0.042409
0.018652 -0.031949 -0.933878 0.081824 0.007471 0.021180
0.018677 -0.033267 -0.972389 0.043314 0.007495 0.000062
0.018701 -0.035078 -1.025342 -0.009639 0.007520 -0.020947
114
Table B.2 - Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast
Pressure-Time History for the Fourth Blast
Po = 12.75 psi a= 0.86
td = 0.007861 sec 1= 38 psi-msec
Sensitivity = 28.14 CF = 0.0768
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Time Pressiure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.000000 0.000000
0.011401 -0.024637 -0.720131 -0.628831 0.000000 14.391916
0.011426 0.156447 4.572946 4.664246 0.000024 14.307703
0.011450 0.299705 8.760377 8.851677 0.000049 14.223832
0.011475 0.314056 8.837536 8.760771 0.000073 14.140299
0.011499 0.383487 10.791324 10.714559 0.000098 14.057106
0.011523 0.323761 9.110635 9.033870 0.000122 13.974249
0.011548 0.380915 10.718948 10.642183 0.000146 13.891729
0.011572 0.326416 9.185346 9.108581 0.000171 13.809543
0.011597 0.281871 7.931850 7.855085 0.000195 13.727691
0.011621 0.305844 8.606450 8.529685 0.000220 13.646172
0.011646 0.284027 7.992520 7.915755 0.000244 13.564984
0.011670 0.293318 8.253969 8.177204 0.000269 13.484126
0.011694 0.310157 8.727818 8.651053 0.000293 13.403597
0.011719 0.320028 9.005588 8.928823 0.000317 13.323396
0.011743 0.329402 9.269372 9.192608 0.000342 13.243522
0.011768 0.321356 9.042958 8.966193 0.000366 13.163973
0.011792 0.309742 8.716140 8.639375 0.000391 13.084749
0.011816 0.295060 8.302988 8.226224 0.000415 13.005847
0.011841 0.301862 8.494397 8.417632 0.000439 12.927268
0.011865 0.291493 8.202613 8.125848 0.000464 12.849010
0.011890 0.285189 8.025218 7.948454 0.000488 12.771072
0.011914 0.279133 7.854803 7.778038 0.000513 12.693452
0.011939 0.264700 7.448658 7.371893 0.000537 12.616149
0.011963 0.253584 7.135854 7.059089 0.000562 12.539163
0.011987 0.257400 7.243236 7.166471 0.000586 12.462493
0.012012 0.248192 6.984123 6.907358 0.000610 12.386136
0.012036 0.233758 6.577950 6.501185 0.000635 12.310093
0.012061 0.225546 6.346864 6.270100 0.000659 12.234361
0.012085 0.218412 6.146114 6.069349 0.000684 12.158941
0.012109 0.219325 6.171806 6.095041 0.000708 12.083830
0.012134 0.219159 6.167134 6.090370 0.000732 12.009027
0.012158 0.218578 6.150785 6.074020 0.000757 11.934532
0.012183 0.216504 6.092423 6.015658 0.000781 11.860344
0.012207 0.218993 6.162463 6.085698 0.000806 11.786460
0.012231 0.207546 5.840344 5.763580 0.000830 11.712882
0.012256 0.194854 5.483192 5.406427 0.000854 11.639606
0.012280 0.195766 5.508855 5.432090 0.000879 11.566632
115
Table B.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiu'e Pressiure Time Pressiu-e
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.012305 0.192780 5.424829 5.348064 0.000903 11.493959
0.012354 0.190209 5.352481 5.275717 0.000952 11.349513
0.012378 0.185480 5.219407 5.142642 0.000977 11.277737
0.012402 0.186227 5.240428 5.163663 0.001001 11.206257
0.012427 0.185232 5.212428 5.135664 0.001025 11.135073
0.012451 0.183407 5.161073 5.084308 0.001050 11.064184
0.012476 0.188218 5.296455 5.219690 0.001074 10.993589
0.012500 0.189628 5.336132 5.259367 0.001099 10.923286
0.012524 0.186393 5.245099 5.168334 0.001123 10.853274
0.012549 0.187222 5.268427 5.191662 0.001147 10.783553
0.012573 0.184153 5.182065 5.105301 0.001172 10.714121
0.012598 0.183656 5.168080 5.091315 0.001196 10.644978
0.012622 0.182577 5.137717 5.060952 0.001221 10.576122
0.012647 0.179425 5.049020 4.972255 0.001245 10.507552
0.012671 0.180089 5.067704 4.990940 0.001270 10.439268
0.012695 0.178595 5.025663 4.948899 0.001294 10.371267
0.012720 0.176024 4.953315 4.876551 0.001318 10.303550
0.012744 0.174365 4.906631 4.829866 0.001343 10.236116
0.012769 0.172872 4.864618 4.787853 0.001367 10.168962
0.012793 0.171296 4.820269 4.743505 0.001392 10.102089
0.012817 0.170217 4.789906 4.713142 0.001416 10.035495
0.012842 0.165240 4.649854 4.573089 0.001440 9.969179
0.012866 0.162254 4.565828 4.489063 0.001465 9.903140
0.012891 0.161839 4.554149 4.477385 0.001489 9.837378
0.012915 0.158106 4.449103 4.372338 0.001514 9.771891
0.012940 0.156033 4.390769 4.314004 0.001538 9.706678
0.012964 0.154539 4.348727 4.271963 0.001563 9.641738
0.012988 0.154373 4.344056 4.267291 0.001587 9.577070
0.013013 0.152051 4.278715 4.201950 0.001611 9.512674
0.013037 0.150309 4.229695 4.152931 0.001636 9.448548
0.013062 0.143922 4.049965 3.973200 0.001660 9.384692
0.013086 0.137534 3.870207 3.793442 0.001685 9.321104
0.013110 0.134880 3.795523 3.718758 0.001709 9.257783
0.013135 0.132391 3.725483 3.648718 0.001733 9.194729
0.013159 0.129073 3.632114 3.555349 0.001758 9.131940
0.013184 0.128327 3.611122 3.534357 0.001782 9.069416
0.013208 0.125174 3.522396 3.445632 0.001807 9.007155
0.013232 0.124179 3.494397 3.417632 0.001831 8.945157
0.013257 0.120778 3.398693 3.321928 0.001855 8.883421
0.013281 0.120363 3.387015 3.310250 0.001880 8.821945
0.013306 0.119865 3.373001 3.296236 0.001904 8.760730
0.013330 0.121607 3.422021 3.345256 0.001929 8.699773
116
Table B.2 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.013355 0.123101 3.464062 3.387297 0.001953 8.639074
0.013379 0.117128 3.295982 3.219217 0.001978 8.578632
0.013452 0.113312 3.188600 3.111835 0.002051 8.398840
0.013477 0.110492 3.109245 3.032480 0.002075 8.339417
0.013501 0.111902 3.148922 3.072158 0.002100 8.280246
0.013525 0.109579 3.083553 3.006788 0.002124 8.221327
0.013550 0.105930 2.980870 2.904105 0.002148 8.162658
0.013574 0.109662 3.085889 3.009124 0.002173 8.104240
0.013599 0.112815 3.174614 3.097849 0.002197 8.046070
0.013623 0.120114 3.380008 3.303243 0.002222 7.988147
0.013648 0.119700 3.368358 3.291593 0.002246 7.930472
0.013672 0.116547 3.279633 3.202868 0.002271 7.873043
0.013696 0.115635 3.253969 3.177204 0.002295 7.815860
0.013721 0.118206 3.326317 3.249552 0.002319 7.758920
0.013745 0.119036 3.349673 3.272908 0.002344 7.702224
0.013770 0.120114 3.380008 3.303243 0.002368 7.645771
0.013794 0.119700 3.368358 3.291593 0.002393 7.589559
0.013818 0.114308 3.216627 3.139862 0.002417 7.533588
0.013843 0.117460 3.305324 3.228560 0.002441 7.477857
0.013867 0.114308 3.216627 3.139862 0.002466 7.422365
0.013892 0.109331 3.076574 2.999810 0.002490 7.367111
0.013916 0.104602 2.943500 2.866736 0.002515 7.312094
0.013940 0.100538 2.829139 2.752375 0.002539 7.257314
0.013965 0.101367 2.852467 2.775703 0.002563 7.202770
0.013989 0.100870 2.838482 2.761717 0.002588 7.148460
0.014014 0.095561 2.689075 2.612311 0.002612 7.094384
0.014038 0.096307 2.710085 2.633320 0.002637 7.040542
0.014063 0.093487 2.630719 2.553954 0.002661 6.986931
0.014087 0.096556 2.717086 2.640321 0.002686 6.933552
0.014111 0.099293 2.794116 2.717352 0.002710 6.880403
0.014136 0.102280 2.878159 2.801394 0.002734 6.827485
0.014160 0.108418 3.050883 2.974118 0.002759 6.774794
0.014185 0.114308 3.216627 3.139862 0.002783 6.722332
0.014209 0.115220 3.242291 3.165526 0.002808 6.670097
0.014233 0.117709 3.312331 3.235567 0.002832 6.618089
0.014258 0.132557 3.730154 3.653389 0.002856 6.566306
0.014282 0.134465 3.783845 3.707080 0.002881 6.514748
0.014307 0.136041 3.828194 3.751429 0.002905 6.463413
0.014331 0.131230 3.692812 3.616047 0.002930 6.412302
0.014356 0.124428 3.501404 3.424639 0.002954 6.361413
0.014380 0.121690 3.424357 3.347592 0.002979 6.310745
0.014404 0.120861 3.401029 3.324264 0.003003 6.260298
117
Table B.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiure Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.014429 0.122437 3.445377 3.368612 0.003027 6.210071
0.014453 0.126833 3.569081 3.492316 0.003052 6.160063
0.014526 0.136456 3.839872 3.763107 0.003125 6.011345
0.014551 0.136954 3.853886 3.777121 0.003149 5.962205
0.014575 0.132640 3.732490 3.655725 0.003174 5.913280
0.014600 0.133967 3.769831 3.693067 0.003198 5.864570
0.014624 0.137451 3.867871 3.791106 0.003223 5.816073
0.014648 0.142345 4.005588 3.928824 0.003247 5.767788
0.014673 0.145000 4.080300 4.003535 0.003271 5.719716
0.014697 0.144668 4.070958 3.994193 0.003296 5.671854
0.014722 0.145995 4.108299 4.031535 0.003320 5.624204
0.014746 0.148069 4.166662 4.089897 0.003345 5.576762
0.014771 0.145332 4.089642 4.012878 0.003369 5.529530
0.014795 0.148401 4.176004 4.099239 0.003394 5.482505
0.014819 0.148401 4.176004 4.099239 0.003418 5.435688
0.014844 0.150724 4.241373 4.164609 0.003442 5.389078
0.014868 0.148401 4.176004 4.099239 0.003467 5.342673
0.014893 0.146659 4.126984 4.050220 0.003491 5.296473
0.014917 0.143341 4.033616 3.956851 0.003516 5.250478
0.014941 0.138613 3.900570 3.823805 0.003540 5.204686
0.014966 0.137783 3.877214 3.800449 0.003564 5.159097
0.014990 0.134216 3.776838 3.700073 0.003589 5.113710
0.015015 0.130234 3.664785 3.588020 0.003613 5.068524
0.015039 0.125672 3.536410 3.459645 0.003638 5.023539
0.015064 0.125672 3.536410 3.459645 0.003662 4.978754
0.015088 0.121359 3.415042 3.338278 0.003687 4.934168
0.015112 0.123101 3.464062 3.387297 0.003711 4.889780
0.015137 0.118124 3.324009 3.247245 0.003735 4.845590
0.015161 0.117128 3.295982 3.219217 0.003760 4.801596
0.015186 0.115386 3.246962 3.170197 0.003784 4.757799
0.015210 0.112234 3.158265 3.081500 0.003809 4.714197
0.015234 0.112732 3.172278 3.095514 0.003833 4.670790
0.015259 0.113229 3.186264 3.109499 0.003857 4.627577
0.015283 0.114308 3.216627 3.139862 0.003882 4.584558
0.015308 0.116879 3.288975 3.212210 0.003906 4.541730
0.015332 0.119036 3.349673 3.272908 0.003931 4.499095
0.015356 0.116133 3.267983 3.191218 0.003955 4.456651
0.015381 0.118289 3.328652 3.251888 0.003979 4.414397
0.015405 0.118538 3.335659 3.258895 0.004004 4.372334
0.015430 0.118704 3.340331 3.263566 0.004028 4.330459
0.015454 0.118704 3.340331 3.263566 0.004053 4.288772
0.015479 0.122271 3.440706 3.363941 0.004077 4.247273
118
Table B.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Time Pressttfe
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.015503 0.119617 3.366022 3.289258 0.004102 4.205961
0.015527 0.118953 3.347337 3.270573 0.004126 4.164836
0.015601 0.118870 3.345002 3.268237 0.004199 4.042570
0.015625 0.122520 3.447713 3.370948 0.004224 4.002182
0.015649 0.120861 3.401029 3.324264 0.004248 3.961978
0.015674 0.121027 3.405700 3.328935 0.004272 3.921955
0.015698 0.126087 3.548088 3.471323 0.004297 3.882114
0.015723 0.122686 3.452384 3.375619 0.004321 3.842454
0.015747 0.123598 3.478048 3.401283 0.004346 3.802974
0.015772 0.126087 3.548088 3.471323 0.004370 3.763673
0.015796 0.130152 3.662477 3.585713 0.004395 3.724552
0.015820 0.133138 3.746503 3.669739 0.004419 3.685608
0.015845 0.135212 3.804866 3.728101 0.004443 3.646842
0.015869 0.136124 3.830529 3.753765 0.004468 3.608253
0.015894 0.137617 3.872542 3.795778 0.004492 3.569840
0.015918 0.133884 3.767496 3.690731 0.004517 3.531602
0.015942 0.131976 3.713805 3.637040 0.004541 3.493539
0.015967 0.126999 3.573752 3.496987 0.004565 3.455651
0.015991 0.125589 3.534074 3.457310 0.004590 3.417936
0.016016 0.124345 3.499068 3.422304 0.004614 3.380394
0.016040 0.121359 3.415042 3.338278 0.004639 3.343024
0.016065 0.120280 3.384679 3.307914 0.004663 3.305826
0.016089 0.119617 3.366022 3.289258 0.004688 3.268798
0.016113 0.119202 3.354344 3.277580 0.004712 3.231941
0.016138 0.118124 3.324009 3.247245 0.004736 3.195254
0.016162 0.118704 3.340331 3.263566 0.004761 3.158736
0.016187 0.123432 3.473376 3.396612 0.004785 3.122386
0.016211 0.126087 3.548088 3.471323 0.004810 3.086204
0.016235 0.123018 3.461727 3.384962 0.004834 3.050190
0.016260 0.118455 3.333324 3.256559 0.004858 3.014342
0.016284 0.115137 3.239955 3.163190 0.004883 2.978659
0.016309 0.113146 3.183928 3.107164 0.004907 2.943142
0.016333 0.109745 3.088224 3.011460 0.004932 2.907790
0.016357 0.106842 3.006534 2.929769 0.004956 2.872602
0.016382 0.102694 2.889809 2.813044 0.004980 2.837578
0.016406 0.103524 2.913165 2.836401 0.005005 2.802716
0.016431 0.103524 2.913165 2.836401 0.005029 2.768016
0.016455 0.105183 2.959850 2.883085 0.005054 2.733478
0.016480 0.108501 3.053218 2.976453 0.005078 2.699101
0.016504 0.107755 3.032226 2.955461 0.005103 2.664885
0.016528 0.107920 3.036869 2.960104 0.005127 2.630828
0.016553 0.106842 3.006534 2.929769 0.005151 2.596931
119
Table B.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiue Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.016577 0.102529 2.885166 2.808401 0.005176 2.563192
0.016602 0.100289 2.822132 2.745368 0.005200 2.529611
0.016675 0.086270 2.427638 2.350873 0.005273 2.429811
0.016699 0.088261 2.483659 2.406894 0.005298 2.396856
0.016724 0.086934 2.446312 2.369547 0.005322 2.364057
0.016748 0.081708 2.299252 2.222487 0.005347 2.331412
0.016773 0.079717 2.243231 2.166466 0.005371 2.298921
0.016797 0.080463 2.264237 2.187473 0.005396 2.266583
0.016821 0.079468 2.236227 2.159462 0.005420 2.234398
0.016846 0.076731 2.159196 2.082432 0.005444 2.202365
0.016870 0.078141 2.198879 2.122115 0.005469 2.170483
0.016895 0.072666 2.044818 1.968054 0.005493 2.138753
0.016919 0.072085 2.028478 1.951713 0.005518 2.107173
0.016943 0.071090 2.000467 1.923702 0.005542 2.075743
0.016968 0.065615 1.846406 1.769641 0.005566 2.044463
0.016992 0.066445 1.869748 1.792983 0.005591 2.013331
0.017017 0.064620 1.818393 1.741628 0.005615 1.982347
0.017041 0.064868 1.825397 1.748632 0.005640 1.951511
0.017065 0.063126 1.776377 1.699612 0.005664 1.920823
0.017090 0.062380 1.755368 1.678603 0.005688 1.890280
0.017114 0.056573 1.591970 1.515205 0.005713 1.859884
0.017139 0.052177 1.468252 1.391488 0.005737 1.829633
0.017163 0.052094 1.465920 1.389155 0.005762 1.799527
0.017188 0.051098 1.437909 1.361144 0.005786 1.769565
0.017212 0.051181 1.440242 1.363477 0.005811 1.739747
0.017236 0.050850 1.430905 1.354140 0.005835 1.710072
0.017261 0.049356 1.388889 1.312124 0.005859 1.680540
0.017285 0.046204 1.300186 1.223421 0.005884 1.651150
0.017310 0.046038 1.295518 1.218753 0.005908 1.621901
0.017334 0.045458 1.279177 1.202412 0.005933 1.592794
0.017358 0.042554 1.197478 1.120713 0.005957 1.563827
0.017383 0.044213 1.244165 1.167400 0.005981 1.535000
0.017407 0.041227 1.160131 1.083366 0.006006 1.506313
0.017432 0.041061 1.155462 1.078697 0.006030 1.477764
0.017456 0.041642 1.171803 1.095038 0.006055 1.449354
0.017481 0.042388 1.192810 1.116045 0.006079 1.421082
0.017505 0.039651 1.115779 1.039014 0.006104 1.392947
0.017529 0.038656 1.087769 1.011004 0.006128 1.364949
0.017554 0.043965 1.237161 1.160396 0.006152 1.337087
0.017578 0.043135 1.213819 1.137054 0.006177 1.309361
0.017603 0.045707 1.286181 1.209416 0.006201 1.281770
0.017627 0.042803 1.204482 1.127717 0.006226 1.254315
120
Table B.2 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.017651 0.044794 1.260503 1.183738 0.006250 1.226993
0.017676 0.048029 1.351542 1.274777 0.006274 1.199805
0.017749 0.040066 1.127452 1.050687 0.006348 1.119038
0.017773 0.040812 1.148458 1.071693 0.006372 1.092380
0.017798 0.037328 1.050421 0.973656 0.006396 1.065853
0.017822 0.037494 1.055090 0.978325 0.006421 1.039456
0.017847 0.036499 1.027076 0.950311 0.006445 1.013190
0.017871 0.034093 0.959383 0.882618 0.006470 0.987053
0.017896 0.033927 0.954714 0.877949 0.006494 0.961046
0.017920 0.037826 1.064426 0.987662 0.006519 0.935167
0.017944 0.037245 1.048086 0.971321 0.006543 0.909417
0.017969 0.035669 1.003734 0.926969 0.006567 0.883794
0.017993 0.034010 0.957050 0.880285 0.006592 0.858299
0.018018 0.031190 0.877684 0.800919 0.006616 0.832930
0.018042 0.029946 0.842669 0.765904 0.006641 0.807687
0.018066 0.029033 0.816994 0.740230 0.006665 0.782570
0.018091 0.025715 0.723623 0.646858 0.006689 0.757579
0.018115 0.026959 0.758638 0.681873 0.006714 0.732712
0.018140 0.024803 0.697945 0.621180 0.006738 0.707969
0.018164 0.026711 0.751633 0.674869 0.006763 0.683351
0.018189 0.020489 0.576563 0.499799 0.006787 0.658855
0.018213 0.019991 0.562558 0.485793 0.006812 0.634483
0.018237 0.019826 0.557890 0.481125 0.006836 0.610233
0.018262 0.018249 0.513538 0.436773 0.006860 0.586105
0.018286 0.023890 0.672267 0.595503 0.006885 0.562098
0.018311 0.022646 0.637256 0.560491 0.006909 0.538212
0.018335 0.021816 0.613913 0.537149 0.006934 0.514447
0.018359 0.023724 0.667599 0.590834 0.006958 0.490802
0.018384 0.023641 0.665266 0.588501 0.006982 0.467277
0.018408 0.022978 0.646592 0.569828 0.007007 0.443870
0.018433 0.022978 0.646592 0.569828 0.007031 0.420582
0.018457 0.025052 0.704949 0.628184 0.007056 0.397413
0.018481 0.023641 0.665266 0.588501 0.007080 0.374361
0.018506 0.022065 0.620915 0.544150 0.007105 0.351427
0.018530 0.022065 0.620915 0.544150 0.007129 0.328609
0.018555 0.019577 0.550888 0.474124 0.007153 0.305908
0.018579 0.017835 0.501868 0.425104 0.007178 0.283323
0.018604 0.023475 0.660598 0.583833 0.007202 0.260853
0.018628 0.023227 0.653594 0.576829 0.007227 0.238498
0.018652 0.021236 0.597573 0.520808 0.007251 0.216258
0.018677 0.022480 0.632587 0.555822 0.007275 0.194132
0.018701 0.021236 0.597573 0.520808 0.007300 0.172119
121
Table B.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiue Pressiu-e Time Pressiue
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.018726 0.024305 0.683940 0.607175 0.007324 0.150220
0.018750 0.025466 0.716619 0.639854 0.007349 0.128434
0.018823 0.029614 0.833332 0.756568 0.007422 0.063748
0.018848 0.025300 0.711950 0.635186 0.007446 0.042409
0.018872 0.024388 0.686276 0.609511 0.007471 0.021180
0.018897 0.021733 0.611578 0.534813 0.007495 0.000062
0.018921 0.021402 0.602241 0.525476 0.007520 -0.020947
0.018945 0.022646 0.637256 0.560491 0.007544 -0.041847
0.018970 0.020074 0.564894 0.488129 0.007568 -0.062637
0.018994 0.018664 0.525211 0.448446 0.007593 -0.083319
0.019019 0.018498 0.520542 0.443777 0.007617 -0.103893
0.019043 0.015346 0.431839 0.355075 0.007642 -0.124359
0.019067 0.018664 0.525211 0.448446 0.007666 -0.144718
0.019092 0.023724 0.667599 0.590834 0.007690 -0.164970
0.019116 0.022978 0.646592 0.569828 0.007715 -0.185116
0.019141 0.026379 0.742297 0.665532 0.007739 -0.205155
0.019165 0.018084 0.508870 0.432105 0.007764 -0.225090
0.019190 0.012858 0.361810 0.285045 0.007788 -0.244919
0.019214 0.006304 0.177404 0.100639 0.007813 -0.264643
0.019238 0.004894 0.137722 0.060957 0.007837 -0.284263
0.019263 0.002323 0.065359 -0.011405 0.007861 -0.303779
122
Table B.3 -Free Field Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure
Time History for the Fourth Blast
td = 0.014136 sec a= 0.7
P"= 6.8094 psi 1= 39.0 psi-msec
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Inpulse Time Pressxue
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
-0.001000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
0.009985 0.290240 2.902400 3.479231 0.000000 0.000000 8.380460
0.010010 0.449315 4.493150 5.069981 0.000104 0.000024 8.349916
0.010034 0.411519 4.115190 4.692021 0.000119 0.000049 8.319456
0.010059 0.440260 4.402600 4.979431 0.000118 0.000073 8.289079
0.010083 0.430708 4.307080 4.883911 0.000120 0.000098 8.258785
0.010107 0.446241 4.462410 5.039241 0.000121 0.000122 8.228573
0.010132 0.448484 4.484840 5.061671 0.000123 0.000146 8.198445
0.010156 0.461360 4.613600 5.190431 0.000125 0.000171 8.168399
0.010181 0.455130 4.551300 5.128131 0.000126 0.000195 8.138436
0.010205 0.470497 4.704970 5.281801 0.000127 0.000220 8.108554
0.010230 0.454880 4.548800 5.125631 0.000127 0.000244 8.078755
0.010254 0.449481 4.494810 5.071641 0.000124 0.000269 8.049037
0.010278 0.453053 4.530530 5.107361 0.000124 0.000293 8.019400
0.010303 0.455628 4.556280 5.133111 0.000125 0.000317 7.989845
0.010327 0.454880 4.548800 5.125631 0.000125 0.000342 7.960371
0.010352 0.449398 4.493980 5.070811 0.000124 0.000366 7.930978
0.010376 0.449896 4.498960 5.075791 0.000124 0.000391 7.901666
0.010400 0.455213 4.552130 5.128961 0.000125 0.000415 7.872434
0.010425 0.456957 4.569570 5.146401 0.000125 0.000439 7.843283
0.010449 0.451558 4.515580 5.092411 0.000125 0.000464 7.814212
0.010474 0.446989 4.469890 5.046721 0.000124 0.000488 7.785220
0.010498 0.452970 4.529700 5.106531 0.000124 0.000513 7.756308
0.010523 0.449066 4.490660 5.067491 0.000124 0.000537 7.727476
0.010547 0.493922 4.939220 5.516051 0.000129 0.000562 7.698724
0.010571 0.603157 6.031570 6.608401 0.000148 0.000586 7.670050
0.010596 0.623259 6.232590 6.809421 0.000164 0.000610 7.641455
0.010620 0.576077 5.760770 6.337601 0.000160 0.000635 7.612940
0.010645 0.536619 5.366190 5.943021 0.000150 0.000659 7.584502
0.010669 0.511948 5.119480 5.696311 0.000142 0.000684 7.556143
0.010693 0.483788 4.837880 5.414711 0.000136 0.000708 7.527863
0.010718 0.465015 4.650150 5.226981 0.000130 0.000732 7.499660
0.010742 0.446075 4.460750 5.037581 0.000125 0.000757 7.471535
0.010767 0.423315 4.233150 4.809981 0.000120 0.000781 7.443488
0.010791 0.407033 4.070330 4.647161 0.000115 0.000806 7.415518
0.010815 0.403461 4.034610 4.611441 0.000113 0.000830 7.387625
123
Table B.3 (cont.)
^l) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.010840 0.408612 4.086120 4.662951 0.000113 0.000854 7.359810
0.010864 0.404292 4.042920 4.619751 0.000113 0.000879 7.332071
0.010938 0.419161 4.191610 4.768441 0.000115 0.000952 7.249315
0.010962 0.425557 4.255570 4.832401 0.000117 0.000977 7.221881
0.010986 0.423564 4.235640 4.812471 0.000118 0.001001 7.194524
0.011011 0.424477 4.244770 4.821601 0.000118 0.001025 7.167243
0.011035 0.435027 4.350270 4.927101 0.000119 0.001050 7.140037
0.011060 0.441008 4.410080 4.986911 0.000121 0.001074 7.112907
0.011084 0.432369 4.323690 4.900521 0.000121 0.001099 7.085851
0.011108 0.432452 4.324520 4.901351 0.000120 0.001123 7.058871
0.011133 0.429794 4.297940 4.874771 0.000119 0.001147 7.031966
0.011157 0.425640 4.256400 4.833231 0.000119 0.001172 7.005135
0.011182 0.428382 4.283820 4.860651 0.000118 0.001196 6.978379
0.011206 0.430541 4.305410 4.882241 0.000119 0.001221 6.951697
0.011231 0.426222 4.262220 4.839051 0.000119 0.001245 6.925089
0.011255 0.427302 4.273020 4.849851 0.000118 0.001270 6.898555
0.011279 0.421487 4.214870 4.791701 0.000118 0.001294 6.872094
0.011304 0.417500 4.175000 4.751831 0.000116 0.001318 6.845708
0.011328 0.419161 4.191610 4.768441 0.000116 0.001343 6.819394
0.011353 0.419826 4.198260 4.775091 0.000116 0.001367 6.793154
0.011377 0.424477 4.244770 4.821601 0.000117 0.001392 6.766987
0.011401 0.423979 4.239790 4.816621 0.000118 0.001416 6.740893
0.011426 0.417749 4.177490 4.754321 0.000117 0.001440 6.714871
0.011450 0.419410 4.194100 4.770931 0.000116 0.001465 6.688922
0.011475 0.426222 4.262220 4.839051 0.000117 0.001489 6.663045
0.011499 0.429545 4.295450 4.872281 0.000119 0.001514 6.637240
0.011523 0.421653 4.216530 4.793361 0.000118 0.001538 6.611507
0.011548 0.425142 4.251420 4.828251 0.000117 0.001563 6.585846
0.011572 0.423481 4.234810 4.811641 0.000118 0.001587 6.560257
0.011597 0.426222 4.262220 4.839051 0.000118 0.001611 6.534739
0.011621 0.430708 4.307080 4.883911 0.000119 0.001636 6.509292
0.011646 0.433033 4.330330 4.907161 0.000120 0.001660 6.483916
0.011670 0.437519 4.375190 4.952021 0.000120 0.001685 6.458612
0.011694 0.425059 4.250590 4.827421 0.000119 0.001709 6.433377
0.011719 0.424976 4.249760 4.826591 0.000118 0.001733 6.408214
0.011743 0.424561 4.245610 4.822441 0.000118 0.001758 6.383121
0.011768 0.428299 4.282990 4.859821 0.000118 0.001782 6.358098
0.011792 0.418081 4.180810 4.757641 0.000117 0.001807 6.333145
0.011816 0.410356 4.103560 4.680391 0.000115 0.001831 6.308261
0.011841 0.403877 4.038770 4.615601 0.000113 0.001855 6.283448
0.011865 0.404043 4.040430 4.617261 0.000113 0.001880 6.258704
0.011890 0.406701 4.067010 4.643841 0.000113 0.001904 6.234029
124
Table B.3 (cont.)
^V (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.011914 0.397979 3.979790 4.556621 0.000112 0.001929 6.209424
0.011939 0.391333 3.913330 4.490161 0.000110 0.001953 6.184888
0.012012 0.395902 3.959020 4.535851 0.000110 0.002026 6.111691
0.012036 0.387761 3.877610 4.454441 0.000110 0.002051 6.087428
0.012061 0.387014 3.870140 4.446971 0.000109 0.002075 6.063234
0.012085 0.390087 3.900870 4.477701 0.000109 0.002100 6.039108
0.012109 0.391499 3.914990 4.491821 0.000109 0.002124 6.015050
0.012134 0.396068 3.960680 4.537511 0.000110 0.002148 5.991060
0.012158 0.393078 3.930780 4.507611 0.000110 0.002173 5.967137
0.012183 0.394656 3.946560 4.523391 0.000110 0.002197 5.943281
0.012207 0.394407 3.944070 4.520901 0.000110 0.002222 5.919492
0.012231 0.386931 3.869310 4.446141 0.000109 0.002246 5.895771
0.012256 0.370982 3.709820 4.286651 0.000107 0.002271 5.872116
0.012280 0.364918 3.649180 4.226011 0.000104 0.002295 5.848528
0.012305 0.367576 3.675760 4.252591 0.000103 0.002319 5.825006
0.012329 0.367410 3.674100 4.250931 0.000104 0.002344 5.801551
0.012354 0.366496 3.664960 4.241791 0.000104 0.002368 5.778162
0.012378 0.359518 3.595180 4.172011 0.000103 0.002393 5.754839
0.012402 0.362841 3.628410 4.205241 0.000102 0.002417 5.731581
0.012427 0.358189 3.581890 4.158721 0.000102 0.002441 5.708390
0.012451 0.355614 3.556140 4.132971 0.000101 0.002466 5.685264
0.012476 0.356362 3.563620 4.140451 0.000101 0.002490 5.662203
0.012500 0.361761 3.617610 4.194441 0.000102 0.002515 5.639207
0.012524 0.368573 3.685730 4.262561 0.000103 0.002539 5.616277
0.012549 0.363755 3.637550 4.214381 0.000103 0.002563 5.593411
0.012573 0.359186 3.591860 4.168691 0.000102 0.002588 5.570610
0.012598 0.360266 3.602660 4.179491 0.000102 0.002612 5.547874
0.012622 0.361014 3.610140 4.186971 0.000102 0.002637 5.525202
0.012647 0.355614 3.556140 4.132971 0.000102 0.002661 5.502594
0.012671 0.359435 3.594350 4.171181 0.000101 0.002686 5.480050
0.012695 0.354451 3.544510 4.121341 0.000101 0.002710 5.457570
0.012720 0.350049 3.500490 4.077321 0.000100 0.002734 5.435154
0.012744 0.352956 3.529560 4.106391 0.000100 0.002759 5.412802
0.012769 0.360349 3.603490 4.180321 0.000101 0.002783 5.390513
0.012793 0.354783 3.547830 4.124661 0.000101 0.002808 5.368287
0.012817 0.346726 3.467260 4.044091 0.000100 0.002832 5.346124
0.012842 0.346560 3.465600 4.042431 0.000099 0.002856 5.324025
0.012866 0.342074 3.420740 3.997571 0.000098 0.002881 5.301988
0.012891 0.340080 3.400800 3.977631 0.000097 0.002905 5.280014
0.012915 0.339001 3.390010 3.966841 0.000097 0.002930 5.258102
0.012940 0.340745 3.407450 3.984281 0.000097 0.002954 5.236253
0.012964 0.336758 3.367580 3.944411 0.000097 0.002979 5.214465
125
Table B.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiue Impulse Time Pressiue
(l^ (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.012988 0.333435 3.334350 3.911181 0.000096 0.003003 5.192740
0.013013 0.333186 3.331860 3.908691 0.000095 0.003027 5.171077
0.013086 0.332687 3.326870 3.903701 0.000096 0.003101 5.106457
0.013110 0.333103 3.331030 3.907861 0.000095 0.003125 5.085040
0.013135 0.344483 3.444830 4.021661 0.000097 0.003149 5.063684
0.013159 0.335429 3.354290 3.931121 0.000097 0.003174 5.042389
0.013184 0.332521 3.325210 3.902041 0.000096 0.003198 5.021154
0.013208 0.330777 3.307770 3.884601 0.000095 0.003223 4.999981
0.013232 0.329697 3.296970 3.873801 0.000095 0.003247 4.978868
0.013257 0.324713 3.247130 3.823961 0.000094 0.003271 4.957815
0.013281 0.324131 3.241310 3.818141 0.000093 0.003296 4.936822
0.013306 0.321805 3.218050 3.794881 0.000093 0.003320 4.915890
0.013330 0.324048 3.240480 3.817311 0.000093 0.003345 4.895017
0.013355 0.327786 3.277860 3.854691 0.000094 0.003369 4.874205
0.013379 0.324297 3.242970 3.819801 0.000094 0.003394 4.853451
0.013403 0.326540 3.265400 3.842231 0.000094 0.003418 4.832758
0.013428 0.320144 3.201440 3.778271 0.000093 0.003442 4.812123
0.013452 0.322304 3.223040 3.799871 0.000093 0.003467 4.791548
0.013477 0.315991 3.159910 3.736741 0.000092 0.003491 4.771032
0.013501 0.304943 3.049430 3.626261 0.000090 0.003516 4.750575
0.013525 0.301454 3.014540 3.591371 0.000088 0.003540 4.730176
0.013550 0.304029 3.040290 3.617121 0.000088 0.003564 4.709836
0.013574 0.308431 3.084310 3.661141 0.000089 0.003589 4.689555
0.013599 0.307019 3.070190 3.647021 0.000089 0.003613 4.669331
0.013623 0.312086 3.120860 3.697691 0.000090 0.003638 4.649166
0.013648 0.313748 3.137480 3.714311 0.000090 0.003662 4.629059
0.013672 0.306272 3.062720 3.639551 0.000090 0.003687 4.609010
0.013696 0.306687 3.066870 3.643701 0.000089 0.003711 4.589018
0.013721 0.308016 3.080160 3.656991 0.000089 0.003735 4.569085
0.013745 0.304776 3.047760 3.624591 0.000089 0.003760 4.549208
0.013770 0.300623 3.006230 3.583061 0.000088 0.003784 4.529389
0.013794 0.299460 2.994600 3.571431 0.000087 0.003809 4.509627
0.013818 0.294476 2.944760 3.521591 0.000087 0.003833 4.489922
0.013843 0.292815 2.928150 3.504981 0.000086 0.003857 4.470274
0.013867 0.292732 2.927320 3.504151 0.000086 0.003882 4.450682
0.013892 0.293396 2.933960 3.510791 0.000086 0.003906 4.431147
0.013916 0.287083 2.870830 3.447661 0.000085 0.003931 4.411669
0.013940 0.285754 2.857540 3.434371 0.000084 0.003955 4.392247
0.013965 0.290489 2.904890 3.481721 0.000084 0.003979 4.372881
0.013989 0.290904 2.909040 3.485871 0.000085 0.004004 4.353571
0.014014 0.289824 2.898240 3.475071 0.000085 0.004028 4.334317
0.014038 0.288744 2.887440 3.464271 0.000085 0.004053 4.315118
126
Table B.3 (cont.)
Time Pressiu-e Pressure Pressiue Inpulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7)
{^}
0.014063 0.291984 2.919840 3.496671 0.000085 0.004077 4.295976
0.014087 0.296553 2.965530 3.542361 0.000086 0.004102 4.276888
0.014160 0.297799 2.977990 3.554821 0.000087 0.004175 4.219958
0.014185 0.297965 2.979650 3.556481 0.000087 0.004199 4.201091
0.014209 0.288495 2.884950 3.461781 0.000086 0.004224 4.182279
0.014233 0.287997 2.879970 3.456801 0.000084 0.004248 4.163521
0.014258 0.287249 2.872490 3.449321 0.000084 0.004272 4.144818
0.014282 0.289243 2.892430 3.469261 0.000084 0.004297 4.126170
0.014307 0.285837 2.858370 3.435201 0.000084 0.004321 4.107575
0.014331 0.287665 2.876650 3.453481 0.000084 0.004346 4.089035
0.014356 0.279441 2.794410 3.371241 0.000083 0.004370 4.070549
0.014380 0.277530 2.775300 3.352131 0.000082 0.004395 4.052116
0.014404 0.280105 2.801050 3.377881 0.000082 0.004419 4.033737
0.014429 0.271549 2.715490 3.292321 0.000081 0.004443 4.015412
0.014453 0.265818 2.658180 3.235011 0.000080 0.004468 3.997140
0.014478 0.265485 2.654850 3.231681 0.000079 0.004492 3.978921
0.014502 0.272878 2.728780 3.305611 0.000080 0.004517 3.960756
0.014526 0.274207 2.742070 3.318901 0.000081 0.004541 3.942643
0.014551 0.267064 2.670640 3.247471 0.000080 0.004565 3.924584
0.014575 0.281684 2.816840 3.393671 0.000081 0.004590 3.906577
0.014600 0.298962 2.989620 3.566451 0.000085 0.004614 3.888623
0.014624 0.296387 2.963870 3.540701 0.000087 0.004639 3.870721
0.014648 0.289575 2.895750 3.472581 0.000086 0.004663 3.852872
0.014673 0.306770 3.067700 3.644531 0.000087 0.004688 3.835074
0.014697 0.305109 3.051090 3.627921 0.000089 0.004712 3.817329
0.014722 0.294725 2.947250 3.524081 0.000087 0.004736 3.799636
0.014746 0.292898 2.928980 3.505811 0.000086 0.004761 3.781995
0.014771 0.286834 2.868340 3.445171 0.000085 0.004785 3.764405
0.014795 0.292067 2.920670 3.497501 0.000085 0.004810 3.746867
0.014819 0.307102 3.071020 3.647851 0.000087 0.004834 3.729381
0.014844 0.300291 3.002910 3.579741 0.000088 0.004858 3.711945
0.014868 0.295307 2.953070 3.529901 0.000087 0.004883 3.694561
0.014893 0.295556 2.955560 3.532391 0.000086 0.004907 3.677228
0.014917 0.294144 2.941440 3.518271 0.000086 0.004932 3.659946
0.014941 0.297716 2.977160 3.553991 0.000086 0.004956 3.642715
0.014966 0.296885 2.968850 3.545681 0.000087 0.004980 3.625534
0.014990 0.291236 2.912360 3.489191 0.000086 0.005005 3.608404
0.015015 0.290323 2.903230 3.480061 0.000085 0.005029 3.591324
0.015039 0.290240 2.902400 3.479231 0.000085 0.005054 3.574295
0.015064 0.288827 2.888270 3.465101 0.000085 0.005078 3.557315
0.015088 0.285256 2.852560 3.429391 0.000084 0.005103 3.540386
0.015112 0.284591 2.845910 3.422741 0.000084 0.005127 3.523507
127
Table B.3 (cont.)
Time Pressiue Pressiure Pressure Impulse Time Pressure
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.015137 0.285089 2.850890 3.427721 0.000084 0.005151 3.506677
0.015161 0.288163 2.881630 3.458461 0.000084 0.005176 3.489897
0.015234 0.278693 2.786930 3.363761 0.000082 0.005249 3.439854
0.015259 0.273211 2.732110 3.308941 0.000081 0.005273 3.423272
0.015283 0.268227 2.682270 3.259101 0.000080 0.005298 3.406738
0.015308 0.257262 2.572620 3.149451 0.000078 0.005322 3.390253
0.015332 0.257262 2.572620 3.149451 0.000077 0.005347 3.373818
0.015356 0.254770 2.547700 3.124531 0.000077 0.005371 3.357430
0.015381 0.253607 2.536070 3.112901 0.000076 0.005396 3.341092
0.015405 0.254271 2.542710 3.119541 0.000076 0.005420 3.324802
0.015430 0.249204 2.492040 3.068871 0.000076 0.005444 3.308560
0.015454 0.249619 2.496190 3.073021 0.000075 0.005469 3.292366
0.015479 0.247626 2.476260 3.053091 0.000075 0.005493 3.276220
0.015503 0.244884 2.448840 3.025671 0.000074 0.005518 3.260122
0.015527 0.242392 2.423920 3.000751 0.000074 0.005542 3.244072
0.015552 0.242725 2.427250 3.004081 0.000073 0.005566 3.228070
0.015576 0.237658 2.376580 2.953411 0.000073 0.005591 3.212115
0.015601 0.236910 2.369100 2.945931 0.000072 0.005615 3.196208
0.015625 0.235747 2.357470 2.934301 0.000072 0.005640 3.180348
0.015649 0.235498 2.354980 2.931811 0.000072 0.005664 3.164536
0.015674 0.236245 2.362450 2.939281 0.000072 0.005688 3.148770
0.015698 0.229683 2.296830 2.873661 0.000071 0.005713 3.133051
0.015723 0.228603 2.286030 2.862861 0.000070 0.005737 3.117379
0.015747 0.224699 2.246990 2.823821 0.000069 0.005762 3.101754
0.015772 0.224616 2.246160 2.822991 0.000069 0.005786 3.086176
0.015796 0.226609 2.266090 2.842921 0.000069 0.005811 3.070644
0.015820 0.225447 2.254470 2.831301 0.000069 0.005835 3.055158
0.015845 0.226693 2.266930 2.843761 0.000069 0.005859 3.039719
0.015869 0.223702 2.237020 2.813851 0.000069 0.005884 3.024326
0.015894 0.221210 2.212100 2.788931 0.000068 0.005908 3.008978
0.015918 0.216807 2.168070 2.744901 0.000068 0.005933 2.993677
0.015942 0.219964 2.199640 2.776471 0.000067 0.005957 2.978422
0.015967 0.215728 2.157280 2.734111 0.000067 0.005981 2.963212
0.015991 0.210660 2.106600 2.683431 0.000066 0.006006 2.948048
0.016016 0.212820 2.128200 2.705031 0.000066 0.006030 2.932929
0.016040 0.208418 2.084180 2.661011 0.000066 0.006055 2.917855
0.016065 0.210162 2.101620 2.678451 0.000065 0.006079 2.902827
0.016089 0.210910 2.109100 2.685931 0.000065 0.006104 2.887844
0.016113 0.209331 2.093310 2.670141 0.000065 0.006128 2.872906
0.016138 0.207504 2.075040 2.651871 0.000065 0.006152 2.858012
0.016162 0.207089 2.070890 2.647721 0.000065 0.006177 2.843164
0.016187 0.209165 2.091650 2.668481 1 0.000065 1 0.006201 2.828360
128
Table B.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiue Pressiue Impulse Time Pressiu-e
(1) 9} (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.016211 0.207753 2.077530 2.654361 0.000065 0.006226 2.813601
0.016235 0.207753 2.077530 2.654361 0.000065 0.006250 2.798886
0.016309 0.201191 2.011910 2.588741 0.000064 0.006323 2.755006
0.016333 0.200609 2.006090 2.582921 0.000063 0.006348 2.740468
0.016357 0.202188 2.021880 2.598711 0.000063 0.006372 2.725973
0.016382 0.202271 2.022710 2.599541 0.000063 0.006396 2.711522
0.016406 0.199031 1.990310 2.567141 0.000063 0.006421 2.697115
0.016431 0.196539 1.965390 2.542221 0.000062 0.006445 2.682751
0.016455 0.197287 1.972870 2.549701 0.000062 0.006470 2.668431
0.016480 0.193798 1.937980 2.514811 0.000062 0.006494 2.654154
0.016504 0.189893 1.898930 2.475761 0.000061 0.006519 2.639920
0.016528 0.186820 1.868200 2.445031 0.000060 0.006543 2.625730
0.016553 0.184826 1.848260 2.425091 0.000059 0.006567 2.611582
0.016577 0.184328 1.843280 2.420111 0.000059 0.006592 2.597477
0.016602 0.184992 1.849920 2.426751 0.000059 0.006616 2.583415
0.016626 0.192718 1.927180 2.504011 0.000060 0.006641 2.569395
0.016650 0.192884 1.928840 2.505671 0.000061 0.006665 2.555418
0.016675 0.192136 1.921360 2.498191 0.000061 0.006689 2.541484
0.016699 0.189478 1.894780 2.471611 0.000061 0.006714 2.527592
0.016724 0.183082 1.830820 2.407651 0.000060 0.006738 2.513742
0.016748 0.178264 1.782640 2.359471 0.000058 0.006763 2.499934
0.016773 0.174609 1.746090 2.322921 0.000057 0.006787 2.486168
0.016797 0.173944 1.739440 2.316271 0.000057 0.006812 2.472444
0.016821 0.171951 1.719510 2.296341 0.000056 0.006836 2.458762
0.016846 0.170954 1.709540 2.286371 0.000056 0.006860 2.445121
0.016870 0.173695 1.736950 2.313781 0.000056 0.006885 2.431522
0.016895 0.170456 1.704560 2.281391 0.000056 0.006909 2.417965
0.016919 0.165305 1.653050 2.229881 0.000055 0.006934 2.404448
0.016943 0.165721 1.657210 2.234041 0.000054 0.006958 2.390973
0.016968 0.163644 1.636440 2.213271 0.000054 0.006982 2.377540
0.016992 0.161235 1.612350 2.189181 0.000054 0.007007 2.364147
0.017017 0.161484 1.614840 2.191671 0.000053 0.007031 2.350795
0.017041 0.156168 1.561680 2.138511 0.000053 0.007056 2.337484
0.017065 0.156999 1.569990 2.146821 0.000052 0.007080 2.324214
0.017090 0.154423 1.544230 2.121061 0.000052 0.007105 2.310984
0.017114 0.155171 1.551710 2.128541 0.000052 0.007129 2.297795
0.017139 0.158245 1.582450 2.159281 0.000052 0.007153 2.284646
0.017163 0.156749 1.567490 2.144321 0.000053 0.007178 2.271538
0.017188 0.215645 2.156450 2.733281 0.000060 0.007202 2.258469
0.017212 0.257095 2.570950 3.147781 0.000072 0.007227 2.245441
0.017236 0.256431 2.564310 3.141141 0.000077 0.007251 2.232453
0.017261 0.252194 2.521940 3.098771 1 0.000076 0.007275 2.219505
129
Table B.3 (cont.
Time Pressiure Pressure Pressure Inûlse Time Pressiue
(1) (2) ^3) (4) (5) (6) .™i2]
0.017285 0.251613 2.516130 3.092961 0.000076 0.007300 2.206596
0.017310 0.258674 2.586740 3.163571 0.000076 0.007324 2.193728
0.017383 0.259671 2.596710 3.173541 0.000078 0.007397 2.155359
0.017407 0.260750 2.607500 3.184331 0.000078 0.007422 2.142648
0.017432 0.259255 2.592550 3.169381 0.000078 0.007446 2.129976
0.017456 0.261415 2.614150 3.190981 0.000078 0.007471 2.117343
0.017481 0.263575 2.635750 3.212581 0.000078 0.007495 2.104749
0.017505 0.261913 2.619130 3.195961 0.000078 0.007520 2.092194
0.017529 0.262910 2.629100 3.205931 0.000078 0.007544 2.079678
0.017554 0.261830 2.618300 3.195131 0.000078 0.007568 2.067201
0.017578 0.263824 2.638240 3.215071 0.000078 0.007593 2.054762
0.017603 0.262661 2.626610 3.203441 0.000078 0.007617 2.042362
0.017627 0.266565 2.665650 3.242481 0.000079 0.007642 2.030000
0.017651 0.274540 2.745400 3.322231 0.000080 0.007666 2.017676
0.017676 0.276616 2.766160 3.342991 0.000081 0.007690 2.005391
0.017700 0.282182 2.821820 3.398651 0.000082 0.007715 1.993143
0.017725 0.282847 2.828470 3.405301 0.000083 0.007739 1.980934
0.017749 0.282847 2.828470 3.405301 0.000083 0.007764 1.968762
0.017773 0.282930 2.829300 3.406131 0.000083 0.007788 1.956629
0.017798 0.282930 2.829300 3.406131 0.000083 0.007813 1.944533
0.017822 0.283760 2.837600 3.414431 0.000083 0.007837 1.932474
0.017847 0.280687 2.806870 3.383701 0.000083 0.007861 1.920453
0.017871 0.286169 2.861690 3.438521 0.000083 0.007886 1.908470
0.017896 0.284508 2.845080 3.421911 0.000084 0.007910 1.896524
0.017920 0.280438 2.804380 3.381211 0.000083 0.007935 1.884615
0.017944 0.284508 2.845080 3.421911 0.000083 0.007959 1.872743
0.017969 0.288744 2.887440 3.464271 0.000084 0.007983 1.860908
0.017993 0.289409 2.894090 3.470921 0.000085 0.008008 1.849110
0.018018 0.290489 2.904890 3.481721 0.000085 0.008032 1.837349
0.018042 0.287748 2.877480 3.454311 0.000085 0.008057 1.825625
0.018066 0.275703 2.757030 3.333861 0.000083 0.008081 1.813937
0.018091 0.268642 2.686420 3.263251 0.000081 0.008105 1.802286
0.018115 0.275370 2.753700 3.330531 0.000080 0.008130 1.790671
0.018140 0.273709 2.737090 3.313921 0.000081 0.008154 1.779093
0.018164 0.263658 2.636580 3.213411 0.000080 0.008179 1.767551
0.018189 0.257677 2.576770 3.153601 0.000078 0.008203 1.756045
0.257262 2.572620 3.149451 0.000077 0.008228 1.744575
0.018213
0.018237 0.254603 2.546030 3.122861 0.000077 0.008252 1.733141
0.018262 0.257594 2.575940 3.152771 0.000077 0.008276 1.721744
0.018286 0.252942 2.529420 3.106251 0.000076 0.008301 1.710381
0.018311 0.251364 2.513640 3.090471 0.000076 0.008325 1.699055
0.018335 0.242725 2.427250 3.004081 0.000074 0.008350 1.687764
130
T îble B.3 (cont.)
Time Pressiue Pressure Pressure Inpulse Time Pressure
(V (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.018359 0.250782 2.507820 3.084651 0.000074 0.008374 1.676509
0.018384 0.255102 2.551020 3.127851 0.000076 0.008398 1.665289
0.018457 0.229351 2.293510 2.870341 0.000072 0.008472 1.631841
0.018481 0.221875 2.218750 2.795581 0.000069 0.008496 1.620762
0.018506 0.222207 2.222070 2.798901 0.000068 0.008521 1.609718
0.018530 0.221127 2.211270 2.788101 0.000068 0.008545 1.598709
0.018555 0.215645 2.156450 2.733281 0.000067 0.008569 1.587735
0.018579 0.216309 2.163090 2.739921 0.000067 0.008594 1.576795
0.018604 0.211574 2.115740 2.692571 0.000066 0.008618 1.565890
0.018628 0.206673 2.066730 2.643561 0.000065 0.008643 1.555019
0.018652 0.210162 2.101620 2.678451 0.000065 0.008667 1.544183
0.018677 0.203766 2.037660 2.614491 0.000065 0.008691 1.533381
0.018701 0.199280 1.992800 2.569631 0.000063 0.008716 1.522614
0.018726 0.199197 1.991970 2.568801 0.000063 0.008740 1.511881
0.018750 0.196040 1.960400 2.537231 0.000062 0.008765 1.501181
0.018774 0.191223 1.912230 2.489061 0.000061 0.008789 1.490516
0.018799 0.187900 1.879000 2.455831 0.000060 0.008813 1.479885
0.018823 0.185491 1.854910 2.431741 0.000060 0.008838 1.469287
0.018848 0.180839 1.808390 2.385221 0.000059 0.008862 1.458723
0.018872 0.181171 1.811710 2.388541 0.000058 0.008887 1.448193
0.018897 0.187651 1.876510 2.453341 0.000059 0.008911 1.437696
0.018921 0.187235 1.872350 2.449181 0.000060 0.008936 1.427233
0.018945 0.181919 1.819190 2.396021 0.000059 0.008960 1.416803
0.018970 0.174277 1.742770 2.319601 0.000058 0.008984 1.406407
0.018994 0.174360 1.743600 2.320431 0.000057 0.009009 1.396043
0.019019 0.168296 1.682960 2.259791 0.000056 0.009033 1.385713
0.019043 0.166385 1.663850 2.240681 0.000055 0.009058 1.375416
0.019067 0.166468 1.664680 2.241511 0.000055 0.009082 1.365152
0.019092 0.164309 1.643090 2.219921 0.000054 0.009106 1.354920
0.019116 0.166302 1.663020 2.239851 0.000054 0.009131 1.344721
0.019141 0.166385 1.663850 2.240681 0.000055 0.009155 1.334556
0.019165 0.165222 1.652220 2.229051 0.000055 0.009180 1.324422
0.019190 0.160321 1.603210 2.180041 0.000054 0.009204 1.314321
0.019214 0.159657 1.596570 2.173401 0.000053 0.009229 1.304253
0.019238 0.161069 1.610690 2.187521 0.000053 0.009253 1.294217
0.019263 0.169210 1.692100 2.268931 0.000054 0.009277 1.284213
0.019287 0.174027 1.740270 2.317101 0.000056 0.009302 1.274241
0.019312 0.171369 1.713690 2.290521 0.000056 0.009326 1.264302
0.019336 0.168711 1.687110 2.263941 0.000056 0.009351 1.254394
0.019360 0.166884 1.668840 2.245671 0.000055 0.009375 1.244519
0.019385 0.156999 1.569990 2.146821 0.000054 0.009399 1.234675
0.019409 0.153842 1.538420 2.115251 0.000052 0.009424 1.224863
131
Table B.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiue ItiQ)ulse Time Pressiu-e
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.019434 0.148193 1.481930 2.058761 0.000051 0.009448 1.215083
0.019482 0.142960 1.429600 2.006431 0.000049 0.009497 1.195616
0.019507 0.135899 1.358990 1.935821 0.000048 0.009521 1.185931
0.019531 0.134653 1.346530 1.923361 0.000047 0.009546 1.176276
0.019556 0.131331 1.313310 1.890141 0.000047 0.009570 1.166653
0.019580 0.129918 1.299180 1.876011 0.000046 0.009595 1.157061
0.019605 0.128672 1.286720 1.863551 0.000046 0.009619 1.147500
0.019629 0.127676 1.276760 1.853591 0.000045 0.009644 1.137970
0.019653 0.125350 1.253500 1.830331 0.000045 0.009668 1.128471
0.019678 0.126596 1.265960 1.842791 0.000045 0.009692 1.119003
0.019702 0.129586 1.295860 1.872691 0.000045 0.009717 1.109566
0.019727 0.128672 1.286720 1.863551 0.000046 0.009741 1.100159
0.019751 0.128672 1.286720 1.863551 0.000045 0.009766 1.090783
0.019775 0.125599 1.255990 1.832821 0.000045 0.009790 1.081437
0.019800 0.122691 1.226910 1.803741 0.000044 0.009814 1.072122
0.019824 0.124353 1.243530 1.820361 0.000044 0.009839 1.062838
0.019849 0.127925 1.279250 1.856081 0.000045 0.009863 1.053583
0.019873 0.122027 1.220270 1.797101 0.000045 0.009888 1.044359
0.019898 0.120781 1.207810 1.784641 0.000044 0.009912 1.035165
0.019922 0.125183 1.251830 1.828661 0.000044 0.009937 1.026001
0.019946 0.121612 1.216120 1.792951 0.000044 0.009961 1.016867
0.019971 0.117541 1.175410 1.752241 0.000043 0.009985 1.007763
0.019995 0.116295 1.162950 1.739781 0.000043 0.010010 0.998688
0.020020 0.117541 1.175410 1.752241 0.000043 0.010034 0.989644
0.020044 0.117375 1.173750 1.750581 0.000043 0.010059 0.980629
0.020068 0.116794 1.167940 1.744771 0.000043 0.010083 0.971643
0.020093 0.117375 1.173750 1.750581 0.000043 0.010107 0.962688
0.020117 0.118206 1.182060 1.758891 0.000043 0.010132 0.953761
0.020142 0.118538 1.185380 1.762211 0.000043 0.010156 0.944864
0.020166 0.121279 1.212790 1.789621 0.000043 0.010181 0.935996
0.020190 0.122858 1.228580 1.805411 0.000044 0.010205 0.927158
0.020215 0.120116 1.201160 1.777991 0.000044 0.010230 0.918348
0.020239 0.123356 1.233560 1.810391 0.000044 0.010254 0.909568
0.020264 0.130666 1.306660 1.883491 0.000045 0.010278 0.900816
0.020288 0.140717 1.407170 1.984001 0.000047 0.010303 0.892094
0.020313 0.136481 1.364810 1.941641 0.000048 0.010327 0.883400
0.020337 0.134570 1.345700 1.922531 0.000047 0.010352 0.874735
0.020361 0.133989 1.339890 1.916721 0.000047 0.010376 0.866098
0.020386 0.126679 1.266790 1.843621 0.000046 0.010400 0.857491
0.020410 0.124021 1.240210 1.817041 0.000045 0.010425 0.848911
0.020435 0.128340 1.283400 1.860231 0.000045 0.010449 0.840360
0.020459 0.146200 1.462000 2.038831 0.000048 0.010474 0.831838
132
Table B.3 (cont. )
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiue Impulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.020483 0.154423 1.544230 2.121061 0.000051 0.010498 0.823344
0.020508 0.158494 1.584940 2.161771 0.000052 0.010522 0.814878
0.020581 0.154091 1.540910 2.117741 0.000052 0.010596 0.789648
0.020606 0.149273 1.492730 2.069561 0.000051 0.010620 0.781294
0.020630 0.145203 1.452030 2.028861 0.000050 0.010645 0.772968
0.020654 0.141216 1.412160 1.988991 0.000049 0.010669 0.764670
0.020679 0.145535 1.455350 2.032181 0.000049 0.010693 0.756399
0.020703 0.144621 1.446210 2.023041 0.000050 0.010718 0.748156
0.020728 0.142628 1.426280 2.003111 0.000049 0.010742 0.739941
0.020752 0.147030 1.470300 2.047131 0.000049 0.010767 0.731753
0.020776 0.140385 1.403850 1.980681 0.000049 0.010791 0.723592
0.020801 0.138557 1.385570 1.962401 0.000048 0.010815 0.715459
0.020825 0.140302 1.403020 1.979851 0.000048 0.010840 0.707353
0.020850 0.137727 1.377270 1.954101 0.000048 0.010864 0.699274
0.020874 0.133656 1.336560 1.913391 0.000047 0.010889 0.691222
0.020898 0.130915 1.309150 1.885981 0.000046 0.010913 0.683197
0.020923 0.133158 1.331580 1.908411 0.000046 0.010938 0.675200
0.020947 0.135484 1.354840 1.931671 0.000047 0.010962 0.667229
0.020972 0.135650 1.356500 1.933331 0.000047 0.010986 0.659285
0.020996 0.128672 1.286720 1.863551 0.000046 0.011011 0.651367
0.021021 0.125682 1.256820 1.833651 0.000045 0.011035 0.643477
0.021045 0.123522 1.235220 1.812051 0.000045 0.011060 0.635613
0.021069 0.117707 1.177070 1.753901 0.000044 0.011084 0.627775
0.021094 0.110065 1.100650 1.677481 0.000042 0.011108 0.619964
0.021118 0.109484 1.094840 1.671671 0.000041 0.011133 0.612180
0.021143 0.110314 1.103140 1.679971 0.000041 0.011157 0.604421
0.021167 0.108985 1.089850 1.666681 0.000041 0.011182 0.596689
0.021191 0.105247 1.052470 1.629301 0.000040 0.011206 0.588983
0.021216 0.104001 1.040010 1.616841 0.000040 0.011230 0.581304
0.021240 0.104915 1.049150 1.625981 0.000040 0.011255 0.573650
0.021265 0.111477 1.114770 1.691601 0.000040 0.011279 0.566022
0.021289 0.117873 1.178730 1.755561 0.000042 0.011304 0.558420
0.021314 0.121362 1.213620 1.790451 0.000043 0.011328 0.550844
0.021338 0.116378 1.163780 1.740611 0.000043 0.011353 0.543294
0.021362 0.108487 1.084870 1.661701 0.000042 0.011377 0.535770
0.021387 0.106410 1.064100 1.640931 0.000040 0.011401 0.528271
0.021411 0.103835 1.038350 1.615181 0.000040 0.011426 0.520798
0.021436 0.097854 0.978541 1.555372 0.000039 0.011450 0.513350
0.021460 0.093701 0.937007 1.513838 0.000037 0.011475 0.505927
0.021484 0.089298 0.892981 1.469812 0.000036 0.011499 0.498530
0.021509 0.085975 0.859754 1.436585 0.000035 0.011523 0.491159
0.021533 0.085643 0.856431 1.433262 0.000035 1 0.011548 0.483812
133
Table B.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiue Pressure Impulse Time Pressure
(_1^ (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.021558 0.081490 0.814897 1.391728 0.000034 0.011572 0.476491
0.021582 0.082154 0.821543 1.398374 0.000034 0.011597 0.469194
0.021655 0.076007 0.760072 1.336903 0.000033 0.011670 0.447455
0.021680 0.078832 0.788315 1.365146 0.000033 0.011694 0.440259
0.021704 0.076173 0.761734 1.338565 0.000033 0.011719 0.433087
0.021729 0.075260 0.752596 1.329427 0.000033 0.011743 0.425940
0.021753 0.073183 0.731829 1.308660 0.000032 0.011768 0.418817
0.021777 0.067784 0.677835 1.254666 0.000031 0.011792 0.411719
0.021802 0.063132 0.631317 1.208148 0.000030 0.011816 0.404646
0.021826 0.060141 0.601412 1.178243 0.000029 0.011841 0.397597
0.021851 0.058397 0.583968 1.160799 0.000029 0.011865 0.390572
0.021875 0.053994 0.539942 1.116773 0.000028 0.011890 0.383572
0.021899 0.053496 0.534958 1.111789 0.000027 0.011914 0.376595
0.021924 0.050672 0.506715 1.083546 0.000027 0.011938 0.369643
0.021948 0.051751 0.517514 1.094345 0.000027 0.011963 0.362715
0.021973 0.050173 0.501731 1.078562 0.000027 0.011987 0.355812
0.021997 0.046767 0.467673 1.044504 0.000026 0.012012 0.348932
0.022022 0.040870 0.408695 0.985526 0.000025 0.012036 0.342076
0.022046 0.039374 0.393742 0.970573 0.000024 0.012061 0.335243
0.022070 0.036716 0.367161 0.943992 0.000023 0.012085 0.328435
0.022095 0.031981 0.319812 0.896643 0.000022 0.012109 0.321650
0.022119 0.029988 0.299875 0.876706 0.000022 0.012134 0.314889
0.022144 0.027412 0.274124 0.850955 0.000021 0.012158 0.308152
0.022168 0.024920 0.249204 0.826035 0.000020 0.012183 0.301438
0.022192 0.021265 0.212654 0.789485 0.000020 0.012207 0.294747
0.022217 0.018358 0.183580 0.760411 0.000019 0.012231 0.288080
0.022241 0.017112 0.171120 0.747951 0.000018 0.012256 0.281436
0.022266 0.018026 0.180258 0.757089 0.000018 0.012280 0.274816
0.022290 0.021847 0.218469 0.795300 0.000019 0.012305 0.268219
0.022315 0.019853 0.198533 0.775364 0.000019 0.012329 0.261645
0.022339 0.015949 0.159491 0.736322 0.000018 0.012354 0.255093
0.022363 0.014371 0.143708 0.720539 0.000018 0.012378 0.248565
0.022388 0.011630 0.116295 0.693126 0.000017 0.012402 0.242060
0.022412 0.006978 0.069777 0.646608 0.000016 0.012427 0.235578
0.022437 0.005150 0.051502 0.628333 0.000016 0.012451 0.229119
0.022461 0.005482 0.054825 0.631656 0.000015 0.012476 0.222682
0.022485 0.002160 0.021598 0.598429 0.000015 0.012500 0.216268
0.022510 0.002907 0.029074 0.605905 0.000015 0.012524 0.209877
0.022534 0.002243 0.022428 0.599260 0.000015 0.012549 0.203508
0.022559 -0.002160 -0.021598 0.555233 0.000014 0.012573 0.197162
0.022583 -0.004735 -0.047349 0.529482 0.000013 0.012598 0.190839
0.022607 -0.002907 -0.029074 0.547757 0.000013 0.012622 0.184537
134
Table B.3 (cont.)
Time Pressiure Pressure Pressure Inûlse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6J (7)
0.022632 0.003489 0.034889 0.611720 0.000014 0.012647 0.178258
0.022656 0.005399 0.053994 0.630825 0.000015 0.012671 0.172002
0.022730 0.010467 0.104666 0.681497 0.000016 0.012744 0.153365
0.022754 0.011380 0.113803 0.690634 0.000017 0.012769 0.147197
0.022778 0.011048 0.110480 0.687311 0.000017 0.012793 0.141051
0.022803 0.008556 0.085560 0.662391 0.000016 0.012817 0.134926
0.022827 0.010550 0.105496 0.682327 0.000016 0.012842 0.128824
0.022852 0.006895 0.068946 0.645778 0.000016 0.012866 0.122743
0.022876 0.012045 0.120449 0.697280 0.000016 0.012891 0.116685
0.022900 0.020019 0.200194 0.777025 0.000018 0.012915 0.110647
0.022925 0.026083 0.260834 0.837665 0.000020 0.012939 0.104632
0.022949 0.026748 0.267479 0.844310 0.000021 0.012964 0.098638
0.022974 0.022013 0.220130 0.796961 0.000020 0.012988 0.092666
0.022998 0.021847 0.218469 0.795300 0.000019 0.013013 0.086715
0.023023 0.019023 0.190226 0.767057 0.000019 0.013037 0.080785
0.023047 0.014288 0.142877 0.719708 0.000018 0.013062 0.074877
0.023071 0.015949 0.159491 0.736322 0.000018 0.013086 0.068990
0.023096 0.012045 0.120449 0.697280 0.000018 0.013110 0.063124
0.023120 0.006064 0.060640 0.637471 0.000016 0.013135 0.057279
0.023145 0.001495 0.014952 0.591783 0.000015 0.013159 0.051456
0.023169 -0.000332 -0.003323 0.573508 0.000014 0.013184 0.045654
0.023193 -0.001163 -0.011630 0.565202 0.000014 0.013208 0.039872
0.023218 -0.003406 -0.034058 0.542773 0.000014 0.013232 0.034112
0.023242 -0.006895 -0.068946 0.507885 0.000013 0.013257 0.028372
0.023267 -0.006396 -0.063962 0.512869 0.000012 0.013281 0.022653
0.023291 -0.013042 -0.130417 0.446414 0.000012 0.013306 0.016955
0.023315 -0.016863 -0.168628 0.408203 0.000010 0.013330 0.011278
0.023340 -0.019272 -0.192718 0.384113 0.000010 0.013355 0.005621
0.023364 -0.018856 -0.188564 0.388267 0.000009 0.013379 -0.000015
0.023389 -0.017943 -0.179427 0.397404 0.000010 0.013403 -0.005631
0.023413 -0.016614 -0.166136 0.410695 0.000010 0.013428 -0.011226
0.023438 -0.015201 -0.152014 0.424817 0.000010 0.013452 -0.016801
0.023462 -0.014703 -0.147030 0.429801 0.000010 0.013477 -0.022355
0.023486 -0.013540 -0.135401 0.441430 0.000011 0.013501 -0.027889
0.023511 -0.012876 -0.128755 0.448076 0.000011 0.013525 -0.033403
0.023535 -0.017029 -0.170289 0.406542 0.000010 0.013550 -0.038897
0.023560 -0.020435 -0.204347 0.372484 0.000010 0.013574 -0.044370
0.023584 -0.024422 -0.244220 0.332611 0.000009 0.013599 -0.049824
0.023608 -0.028243 -0.282431 0.294400 0.000008 0.013623 -0.055257
0.023633 -0.033310 -0.333103 0.243728 0.000007 0.013647 -0.060670
0.023657 -0.034390 -0.343902 0.232929 0.000006 0.013672 -0.066064
0.023682 -0.034224 -0.342240 0.234591 0.000006 0.013696 -0.071437
135
Table B.3 (cont. )
(2) (3) {^^} (5) (6) (7)
0.023706 -0.036716 -0.367161 0.209670 0.000005 0.013721 -0.076791
0.023731 -0.041202 -0.412017 0.164814 0.000005 0.013745 -0.082125
0.023804 -0.042199 -0.421985 0.154846 0.000003 0.013818 -0.098009
0.023828 -0.042697 -0.426970 0.149861 0.000004 0.013843 -0.103265
0.023853 -0.045189 -0.451890 0.124941 0.000003 0.013867 -0.108501
0.023877 -0.042531 -0.425308 0.151523 0.000003 0.013892 -0.113717
0.023901 -0.049426 -0.494255 0.082576 0.000003 0.013916 -0.118914
0.023926 -0.048429 -0.484286 0.092545 0.000002 0.013940 -0.124092
0.023950 -0.050007 -0.500069 0.076762 0.000002 0.013965 -0.129251
0.023975 -0.051087 -0.510868 0.065963 0.000002 0.013989 -0.134390
0.023999 -0.053745 -0.537450 0.039381 0.000001 0.014014 -0.139510
0.024023 -0.052084 -0.520836 0.055995 0.000001 0.014038 -0.144611
0.024048 -0.052001 -0.520006 0.056825 0.000001 0.014063 -0.149694
0.024072 -0.055573 -0.555725 0.021106 0.000001 0.014087 -0.154757
0.024097 -0.055988 -0.559878 0.016953 0.000000 0.014111 -0.159801
0.024121 -0.058397 -0.583968 -0.007137 0.000000 0.014136 -0.164826
136
APPENDIX C
FIFTH AIR BLAST PRESSURE-TME HISTORIES
137
Table C. 1 - Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast
Pressure-Time History for the Fifth Blast
Po = 14.39 psi a= 1.126928
td= 0.007600 sec 1= 39 psi-msec
Time Pressure Pressiue Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
-0.001 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 14.391916
0.011700 -0.010100 -0.295223 -0.203923 0.000024 14.307703
0.011700 0.283000 8.272090 8.363390 0.000049 14.223832
0.011700 0.302000 8.827460 8.918760 0.000073 14.140299
0.011800 0.337000 9.850510 9.941810 0.000098 14.057106
0.011800 0.416000 12.159680 12.250980 0.000122 13.974249
0.011800 0.402000 11.750460 11.841760 0.000146 13.891729
0.011800 0.395000 11.545850 11.637150 0.000171 13.809543
0.011900 0.389000 11.370470 11.461770 0.000195 13.727691
0.011900 0.356000 10.405880 10.497180 0.000220 13.646172
0.011900 0.334000 9.762820 9.854120 0.000244 13.564984
0.011900 0.333000 9.733590 9.824890 0.000269 13.484126
0.012000 0.332000 9.704360 9.795660 0.000293 13.403597
0.012000 0.331000 9.675130 9.766430 0.000317 13.323396
0.012000 0.331000 9.675130 9.766430 0.000342 13.243522
0.012000 0.330000 9.645900 9.737200 0.000366 13.163973
0.012100 0.328000 9.587440 9.678740 0.000391 13.084749
0.012100 0.326000 9.528980 9.620280 0.000415 13.005847
0.012100 0.327000 9.558210 9.649510 0.000439 12.927268
0.012100 0.302000 8.827460 8.918760 0.000464 12.849010
0.012200 0.283000 8.272090 8.363390 0.000488 12.771072
0.012200 0.284000 8.301320 8.392620 0.000513 12.693452
0.012200 0.276000 8.067480 8.158780 0.000537 12.616149
0.012200 0.271000 7.921330 8.012630 0.000562 12.539163
0.012300 0.268000 7.833640 7.924940 0.000586 12.462493
0.012300 0.264000 7.716720 7.808020 0.000610 12.386136
0.012300 0.269000 7.862870 7.954170 0.000635 12.310093
0.012300 0.269000 7.862870 7.954170 0.000659 12.234361
0.012400 0.264000 7.716720 7.808020 0.000684 12.158941
0.012400 0.265000 7.745950 7.837250 0.000708 12.083830
0.012400 0.262000 7.658260 7.749560 0.000732 12.009027
0.012400 0.262000 7.658260 7.749560 0.000757 11.934532
0.012500 0.262000 7.658260 7.749560 0.000781 11.860344
0.012500 0.256000 7.482880 7.574180 0.000806 11.786460
0.012500 0.262000 7.658260 7.749560 0.000830 11.712882
0.012500 0.260000 7.599800 7.691100 0.000854 11.639606
138
TableC.l
Time Pressiure Pressure Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.012500 0.256000 7.482880 7.574180 0.000879 11.566632
0.012600 0.247000 7.219810 7.311110 0.000928 11.421587
0.012600 0.250000 7.307500 7.398800 0.000952 11.349513
0.012600 0.248000 7.249040 7.340340 0.000977 11.277737
0.012700 0.237000 6.927510 7.018810 0.001001 11.206257
0.012700 0.234000 6.839820 6.931120 0.001025 11.135073
0.012700 0.229000 6.693670 6.784970 0.001050 11.064184
0.012700 0.227000 6.635210 6.726510 0.001074 10.993589
0.012800 0.229000 6.693670 6.784970 0.001099 10.923286
0.012800 0.220000 6.430600 6.521900 0.001123 10.853274
0.012800 0.222000 6.489060 6.580360 0.001147 10.783553
0.012800 0.220000 6.430600 6.521900 0.001172 10.714121
0.012900 0.219000 6.401370 6.492670 0.001196 10.644978
0.012900 0.215000 6.284450 6.375750 0.001221 10.576122
0.012900 0.212000 6.196760 6.288060 0.001245 10.507552
0.012900 0.210000 6.138300 6.229600 0.001270 10.439268
0.013000 0.212000 6.196760 6.288060 0.001294 10.371267
0.013000 0.211000 6.167530 6.258830 0.001318 10.303550
0.013000 0.205000 5.992150 6.083450 0.001343 10.236116
0.013000 0.201000 5.875230 5.966530 0.001367 10.168962
0.013100 0.197000 5.758310 5.849610 0.001392 10.102089
0.013100 0.201000 5.875230 5.966530 0.001416 10.035495
0.013100 0.197000 5.758310 5.849610 0.001440 9.969179
0.013100 0.191000 5.582930 5.674230 0.001465 9.903140
0.013200 0.190000 5.553700 5.645000 0.001489 9.837378
0.013200 0.191000 5.582930 5.674230 0.001514 9.771891
0.013200 0.189000 5.524470 5.615770 0.001538 9.706678
0.013200 0.194000 5.670620 5.761920 0.001563 9.641738
0.013300 0.186000 5.436780 5.528080 0.001587 9.577070
0.013300 0.183000 5.349090 5.440390 0.001611 9.512674
0.013300 0.199000 5.816770 5.908070 0.001636 9.448548
0.013300 0.187000 5.466010 5.557310 0.001660 9.384692
0.013400 0.189000 5.524470 5.615770 0.001685 9.321104
0.013400 0.181000 5.290630 5.381930 0.001709 9.257783
0.013400 0.177000 5.173710 5.265010 0.001733 9.194729
0.013400 0.178000 5.202940 5.294240 0.001758 9.131940
0.013500 0.176000 5.144480 5.235780 0.001782 9.069416
0.013500 0.172000 5.027560 5.118860 0.001807 9.007155
0.013500 0.172000 5.027560 5.118860 0.001831 8.945157
0.013500 0.170000 4.969100 5.060400 0.001855 8.883421
0.013500 0.173000 5.056790 5.148090 0.001880 8.821945
0.013600 0.168000 4.910640 5.001940 0.001904 8.760730
139
TableC.l(cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiure Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.013600 0.167000 4.881410 4.972710 0.001929 8.699773
0.013600 0.165000 4.822950 4.914250 0.001978 8.578632
0.013700 0.160000 4.676800 4.768100 0.002002 8.518446
0.013700 0.162000 4.735260 4.826560 0.002026 8.458516
0.013700 0.164000 4.793720 4.885020 0.002051 8.398840
0.013700 0.159000 4.647570 4.738870 0.002075 8.339417
0.013800 0.156000 4.559880 4.651180 0.002100 8.280246
0.013800 0.151000 4.413730 4.505030 0.002124 8.221327
0.013800 0.152000 4.442960 4.534260 0.002148 8.162658
0.013800 0.148000 4.326040 4.417340 0.002173 8.104240
0.013900 0.146000 4.267580 4.358880 0.002197 8.046070
0.013900 0.142000 4.150660 4.241960 0.002222 7.988147
0.013900 0.148000 4.326040 4.417340 0.002246 7.930472
0.013900 0.144000 4.209120 4.300420 0.002271 7.873043
0.014000 0.146000 4.267580 4.358880 0.002295 7.815860
0.014000 0.142000 4.150660 4.241960 0.002319 7.758920
0.014000 0.144000 4.209120 4.300420 0.002344 7.702224
0.014000 0.149000 4.355270 4.446570 0.002368 7.645771
0.014100 0.145000 4.238350 4.329650 0.002393 7.589559
0.014100 0.148000 4.326040 4.417340 0.002417 7.533588
0.014100 0.142000 4.150660 4.241960 0.002441 7.477857
0.014100 0.138000 4.033740 4.125040 0.002466 7.422365
0.014200 0.149000 4.355270 4.446570 0.002490 7.367111
0.014200 0.148000 4.326040 4.417340 0.002515 7.312094
0.014200 0.137000 4.004510 4.095810 0.002539 7.257314
0.014200 0.144000 4.209120 4.300420 0.002563 7.202770
0.014300 0.149000 4.355270 4.446570 0.002588 7.148460
0.014300 0.149000 4.355270 4.446570 0.002612 7.094384
0.014300 0.149000 4.355270 4.446570 0.002637 7.040542
0.014300 0.145000 4.238350 4.329650 0.002661 6.986931
0.014400 0.139000 4.062970 4.154270 0.002686 6.933552
0.014400 0.136000 3.975280 4.066580 0.002710 6.880403
0.014400 0.143000 4.179890 4.271190 0.002734 6.827485
0.014400 0.144000 4.209120 4.300420 0.002759 6.774794
0.014500 0.140000 4.092200 4.183500 0.002783 6.722332
0.014500 0.139000 4.062970 4.154270 0.002808 6.670097
0.014500 0.136000 3.975280 4.066580 0.002832 6.618089
0.014500 0.137000 4.004510 4.095810 0.002856 6.566306
0.014600 0.131000 3.829130 3.920430 0.002881 6.514748
0.014600 0.132000 3.858360 3.949660 0.002930 6.412302
0.014600 0.127000 3.712210 3.803510 0.002954 6.361413
0.014600 0.124000 3.624520 3.715820 0.002979 6.310745
140
TableC.l(cont.)
Time Pressiu-e Pressure Pressiue Time Pressiure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.014700 0.123000 3.595290 3.686590 0.003003 6.260298
0.014700 0.119000 3.478370 3.569670 0.003027 6.210071
0.014700 0.124000 3.624520 3.715820 0.003052 6.160063
0.014700 0.123000 3.595290 3.686590 0.003076 6.110273
0.014800 0.121000 3.536830 3.628130 0.003101 6.060701
0.014800 0.118000 3.449140 3.540440 0.003125 6.011345
0.014800 0.116000 3.390680 3.481980 0.003149 5.962205
0.014800 0.123000 3.595290 3.686590 0.003174 5.913280
0.014900 0.124000 3.624520 3.715820 0.003198 5.864570
0.014900 0.127000 3.712210 3.803510 0.003223 5.816073
0.014900 0.129000 3.770670 3.861970 0.003247 5.767788
0.014900 0.131000 3.829130 3.920430 0.003271 5.719716
0.015000 0.124000 3.624520 3.715820 0.003296 5.671854
0.015000 0.124000 3.624520 3.715820 0.003320 5.624204
0.015000 0.130000 3.799900 3.891200 0.003345 5.576762
0.015000 0.137000 4.004510 4.095810 0.003369 5.529530
0.015100 0.142000 4.150660 4.241960 0.003394 5.482505
0.015100 0.144000 4.209120 4.300420 0.003418 5.435688
0.015100 0.146000 4.267580 4.358880 0.003442 5.389078
0.015100 0.144000 4.209120 4.300420 0.003467 5.342673
0.015200 0.143000 4.179890 4.271190 0.003491 5.296473
0.015200 0.144000 4.209120 4.300420 0.003516 5.250478
0.015200 0.141000 4.121430 4.212730 0.003540 5.204686
0.015200 0.143000 4.179890 4.271190 0.003564 5.159097
0.015300 0.153000 4.472190 4.563490 0.003589 5.113710
0.015300 0.143000 4.179890 4.271190 0.003613 5.068524
0.015300 0.141000 4.121430 4.212730 0.003638 5.023539
0.015300 0.137000 4.004510 4.095810 0.003662 4.978754
0.015400 0.134000 3.916820 4.008120 0.003687 4.934168
0.015400 0.134000 3.916820 4.008120 0.003711 4.889780
0.015400 0.132000 3.858360 3.949660 0.003735 4.845590
0.015400 0.126000 3.682980 3.774280 0.003760 4.801596
0.015500 0.122000 3.566060 3.657360 0.003784 4.757799
0.015500 0.120000 3.507600 3.598900 0.003809 4.714197
0.015500 0.116000 3.390680 3.481980 0.003833 4.670790
0.015500 0.124000 3.624520 3.715820 0.003857 4.627577
0.015600 0.125000 3.653750 3.745050 0.003882 4.584558
0.015600 0.127000 3.712210 3.803510 0.003906 4.541730
0.015600 0.131000 3.829130 3.920430 0.003931 4.499095
0.015600 0.127000 3.712210 3.803510 0.003955 4.456651
0.015600 0.124000 3.624520 3.715820 0.003979 4.414397
0.015700 0.120000 3.507600 3.598900 0.004004 4.372334 |
141
TableC.l (cont.)
Time Pressiu-e Pressure Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.015700 0.118000 3.449140 3.540440 0.004028 4.330459
0.015700 0.118000 3.449140 3.540440 0.004077 4.247273
0.015800 0.122000 3.566060 3.657360 0.004102 4.205961
0.015800 0.126000 3.682980 3.774280 0.004126 4.164836
0.015800 0.114000 3.332220 3.423520 0.004150 4.123896
0.015800 0.114000 3.332220 3.423520 0.004175 4.083141
0.015900 0.132000 3.858360 3.949660 0.004199 4.042570
0.015900 0.133000 3.887590 3.978890 0.004224 4.002182
0.015900 0.139000 4.062970 4.154270 0.004248 3.961978
0.015900 0.150000 4.384500 4.475800 0.004272 3.921955
0.016000 0.152000 4.442960 4.534260 0.004297 3.882114
0.016000 0.159000 4.647570 4.738870 0.004321 3.842454
0.016000 0.154000 4.501420 4.592720 0.004346 3.802974
0.016000 0.152000 4.442960 4.534260 0.004370 3.763673
0.016100 0.159000 4.647570 4.738870 0.004395 3.724552
0.016100 0.157000 4.589110 4.680410 0.004419 3.685608
0.016100 0.169000 4.939870 5.031170 0.004443 3.646842
0.016100 0.151000 4.413730 4.505030 0.004468 3.608253
0.016200 0.141000 4.121430 4.212730 0.004492 3.569840
0.016200 0.142000 4.150660 4.241960 0.004517 3.531602
0.016200 0.138000 4.033740 4.125040 0.004541 3.493539
0.016200 0.145000 4.238350 4.329650 0.004565 3.455651
0.016300 0.135000 3.946050 4.037350 0.004590 3.417936
0.016300 0.135000 3.946050 4.037350 0.004614 3.380394
0.016300 0.138000 4.033740 4.125040 0.004639 3.343024
0.016300 0.134000 3.916820 4.008120 0.004663 3.305826
0.016400 0.124000 3.624520 3.715820 0.004688 3.268798
0.016400 0.120000 3.507600 3.598900 0.004712 3.231941
0.016400 0.126000 3.682980 3.774280 0.004736 3.195254
0.016400 0.115000 3.361450 3.452750 0.004761 3.158736
0.016500 0.118000 3.449140 3.540440 0.004785 3.122386
0.016500 0.119000 3.478370 3.569670 0.004810 3.086204
0.016500 0.120000 3.507600 3.598900 0.004834 3.050190
0.016500 0.117000 3.419910 3.511210 0.004858 3.014342
0.016600 0.118000 3.449140 3.540440 0.004883 2.978659
0.016600 0.121000 3.536830 3.628130 0.004907 2.943142
0.016600 0.120000 3.507600 3.598900 0.004932 2.907790
0.016600 0.121000 3.536830 3.628130 0.004956 2.872602
0.016700 0.121000 3.536830 3.628130 0.004980 2.837578
0.016700 0.123000 3.595290 3.686590 0.005005 2.802716
0.016700 0.119000 3.478370 3.569670 0.005029 2.768016
0.016700 0.118000 3.449140 3.540440 0.005054 2.733478
142
TableC.Kcont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.016700 0.122000 3.566060 3.657360 0.005078 2.699101
0.016800 0.117000 3.419910 3.511210 0.005127 2.630828
0.016800 0.121000 3.536830 3.628130 0.005151 2.596931
0.016800 0.122000 3.566060 3.657360 0.005176 2.563192
0.016900 0.122000 3.566060 3.657360 0.005200 2.529611
0.016900 0.119000 3.478370 3.569670 0.005225 2.496188
0.016900 0.120000 3.507600 3.598900 0.005249 2.462921
0.016900 0.123000 3.595290 3.686590 0.005273 2.429811
0.017000 0.120000 3.507600 3.598900 0.005298 2.396856
0.017000 0.120000 3.507600 3.598900 0.005322 2.364057
0.017000 0.121000 3.536830 3.628130 0.005347 2.331412
0.017000 0.116000 3.390680 3.481980 0.005371 2.298921
0.017100 0.113000 3.302990 3.394290 0.005396 2.266583
0.017100 0.118000 3.449140 3.540440 0.005420 2.234398
0.017100 0.123000 3.595290 3.686590 0.005444 2.202365
0.017100 0.105000 3.069150 3.160450 0.005469 2.170483
0.017200 0.105000 3.069150 3.160450 0.005493 2.138753
0.017200 0.101000 2.952230 3.043530 0.005518 2.107173
0.017200 0.099700 2.914231 3.005531 0.005542 2.075743
0.017200 0.096500 2.820695 2.911995 0.005566 2.044463
0.017300 0.094500 2.762235 2.853535 0.005591 2.013331
0.017300 0.093800 2.741774 2.833074 0.005615 1.982347
0.017300 0.094500 2.762235 2.853535 0.005640 1.951511
0.017300 0.100000 2.923000 3.014300 0.005664 1.920823
0.017400 0.099500 2.908385 2.999685 0.005688 1.890280
0.017400 0.097300 2.844079 2.935379 0.005713 1.859884
0.017400 0.093000 2.718390 2.809690 0.005737 1.829633
0.017400 0.091400 2.671622 2.762922 0.005762 1.799527
0.017500 0.089700 2.621931 2.713231 0.005786 1.769565
0.017500 0.090500 2.645315 2.736615 0.005811 1.739747
0.017500 0.088000 2.572240 2.663540 0.005835 1.710072
0.017500 0.085400 2.496242 2.587542 0.005859 1.680540
0.017600 0.081800 2.391014 2.482314 0.005884 1.651150
0.017600 0.080500 2.353015 2.444315 0.005908 1.621901
0.017600 0.080500 2.353015 2.444315 0.005933 1.592794
0.017600 0.076900 2.247787 2.339087 0.005957 1.563827
0.017700 0.072200 2.110406 2.201706 0.005981 1.535000
0.017700 0.066000 1.929180 2.020480 0.006006 1.506313
0.017700 0.058400 1.707032 1.798332 0.006030 1.477764
0.017700 0.055300 1.616419 1.707719 0.006055 1.449354
0.017700 0.049200 1.438116 1.529416 0.006079 1.421082
0.017800 0.045800 1.338734 1.430034 0.006104 1.392947
143
TableC.l (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.017800 0.041500 1.213045 1.304345 0.006128 1.364949
0.017800 0.040100 1.172123 1.263423 0.006177 1.309361
0.017900 0.038100 1.113663 1.204963 0.006201 1.281770
0.017900 0.035100 1.025973 1.117273 0.006226 1.254315
0.017900 0.034700 1.014281 1.105581 0.006250 1.226993
0.017900 0.033400 0.976282 1.067582 0.006274 1.199805
0.018000 0.033400 0.976282 1.067582 0.006299 1.172750
0.018000 0.030700 0.897361 0.988661 0.006323 1.145828
0.018000 0.027400 0.800902 0.892202 0.006348 1.119038
0.018000 0.023300 0.681059 0.772359 0.006372 1.092380
0.018100 0.021100 0.616753 0.708053 0.006396 1.065853
0.018100 0.020300 0.593369 0.684669 0.006421 1.039456
0.018100 0.022900 0.669367 0.760667 0.006445 1.013190
0.018100 0.025100 0.733673 0.824973 0.006470 0.987053
0.018200 0.024900 0.727827 0.819127 0.006494 0.961046
0.018200 0.025300 0.739519 0.830819 0.006519 0.935167
0.018200 0.024200 0.707366 0.798666 0.006543 0.909417
0.018200 0.024000 0.701520 0.792820 0.006567 0.883794
0.018300 0.025800 0.754134 0.845434 0.006592 0.858299
0.018300 0.024700 0.721981 0.813281 0.006616 0.832930
0.018300 0.024900 0.727827 0.819127 0.006641 0.807687
0.018300 0.020700 0.605061 0.696361 0.006665 0.782570
0.018400 0.019800 0.578754 0.670054 0.006689 0.757579
0.018400 0.007530 0.220102 0.311402 0.006714 0.732712
0.018400 0.015200 0.444296 0.535596 0.006738 0.707969
0.018400 0.019800 0.578754 0.670054 0.006763 0.683351
0.018500 0.010200 0.298146 0.389446 0.006787 0.658855
0.018500 0.011400 0.333222 0.424522 0.006812 0.634483
0.018500 0.008670 0.253424 0.344724 0.006836 0.610233
0.018500 0.012600 0.368298 0.459598 0.006860 0.586105
0.018600 0.010900 0.318607 0.409907 0.006885 0.562098
0.018600 0.010500 0.306915 0.398215 0.006909 0.538212
0.018600 0.009230 0.269793 0.361093 0.006934 0.514447
0.018600 0.011100 0.324453 0.415753 0.006958 0.490802
0.018700 0.007450 0.217764 0.309064 0.006982 0.467277
0.018700 0.011700 0.341991 0.433291 0.007007 0.443870
0.018700 0.009800 0.286454 0.377754 0.007031 0.420582
0.018700 0.008580 0.250793 0.342093 0.007056 0.397413
0.018800 0.008670 0.253424 0.344724 0.007080 0.374361
0.018800 0.002830 0.082721 0.174021 0.007105 0.351427
0.018800 0.005910 0.172749 0.264049 0.007129 0.328609
0.018800 0.007530 0.220102 0.311402 0.007153 0.305908
144
TableC.Kcont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.018800 0.004210 0.123058 0.214358 0.007178 0.283323
0.018900 0.005990 0.175088 0.266388 0.007227 0.238498
0.018900 0.006640 0.194087 0.285387 0.007251 0.216258
0.018900 0.006400 0.187072 0.278372 0.007275 0.194132
0.019000 0.004290 0.125397 0.216697 0.007300 0.172119
0.019000 0.005260 0.153750 0.245050 0.007324 0.150220
0.019000 0.002350 0.068691 0.159991 0.007349 0.128434
0.019000 0.005180 0.151411 0.242711 0.007373 0.106760
0.019100 0.005350 0.156381 0.247681 0.007397 0.085198
0.019100 0.006320 0.184734 0.276034 0.007422 0.063748
0.019100 0.005590 0.163396 0.254696 0.007446 0.042409
0.019100 0.003160 0.092367 0.183667 0.007471 0.021180
0.019200 0.002430 0.071029 0.162329 0.007495 0.000062
0.019200 0.002590 0.075706 0.167006 0.007520 -0.020947
0.019200 0.002590 0.075706 0.167006 0.007544 -0.041847
0.019200 0.009310 0.272131 0.363431 0.007568 -0.062637
0.019300 0.003730 0.109028 0.200328 0.007593 -0.083319
0.019300 -0.004450 -0.130074 -0.038774 0.007617 -0.103892
145
Table C.2 - Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast
Pressure-Time History for the Fifth Blast
Po = 14.05 psi a= 1.76
td = 0.008400 sec 1= 36 psi-msec
Time Pressure Pressiure Pressure Time Pressiue
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.000000 0.000000
0.000000 14.391916
0.011900 0.023900 0.686169 0.777469 0.000024 14.307703
0.011900 0.371000 10.651410 10.742710 0.000049 14.223832
0.011900 0.303000 8.699130 8.790430 0.000073 14.140299
0.012000 0.384000 11.024640 11.115940 0.000098 14.057106
0.012000 0.429000 12.316590 12.407890 0.000122 13.974249
0.012000 0.307000 8.813970 8.905270 0.000146 13.891729
0.012000 0.335000 9.617850 9.709150 0.000171 13.809543
0.012100 0.353000 10.134630 10.225930 0.000195 13.727691
0.012100 0.325000 9.330750 9.422050 0.000220 13.646172
0.012100 0.302000 8.670420 8.761720 0.000244 13.564984
0.012100 0.348000 9.991080 10.082380 0.000269 13.484126
0.012200 0.356000 10.220760 10.312060 0.000293 13.403597
0.012200 0.345000 9.904950 9.996250 0.000317 13.323396
0.012200 0.356000 10.220760 10.312060 0.000342 13.243522
0.012200 0.359000 10.306890 10.398190 0.000366 13.163973
0.012300 0.358000 10.278180 10.369480 0.000391 13.084749
0.012300 0.351000 10.077210 10.168510 0.000415 13.005847
0.012300 0.332000 9.531720 9.623020 0.000439 12.927268
0.012300 0.321000 9.215910 9.307210 0.000464 12.849010
0.012400 0.309000 8.871390 8.962690 0.000488 12.771072
0.012400 0.313000 8.986230 9.077530 0.000513 12.693452
0.012400 0.305000 8.756550 8.847850 0.000537 12.616149
0.012400 0.302000 8.670420 8.761720 0.000562 12.539163
0.012500 0.299000 8.584290 8.675590 0.000586 12.462493
0.012500 0.301000 8.641710 8.733010 0.000610 12.386136
0.012500 0.296000 8.498160 8.589460 0.000635 12.310093
0.012500 0.285000 8.182350 8.273650 0.000659 12.234361
0.012500 0.281000 8.067510 8.158810 0.000684 12.158941
0.012600 0.277000 7.952670 8.043970 0.000708 12.083830
0.012600 0.272000 7.809120 7.900420 0.000732 12.009027
0.012600 0.271000 7.780410 7.871710 0.000757 11.934532
0.012600 0.265000 7.608150 7.699450 0.000781 11.860344
0.012700 0.260000 7.464600 7.555900 0.000806 11.786460
0.012700 0.256000 7.349760 7.441060 0.000830 11.712882
0.012700 0.250000 7.177500 7.268800 0.000854 11.639606
1 0.012700 0.245000 7.033950 7.125250 0.000879 11.566632
146
Table C.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiue Pressiue Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4)
0.012800 0.238000 6.832980 6.924280 0.000903 11.493959
0.012800 0.245000 7.033950 7.125250 0.000952 11.349513
0.012800 0.247000 7.091370 7.182670 0.000977 11.277737
0.012900 0.242000 6.947820 7.039120 0.001001 11.206257
0.012900 0.241000 6.919110 7.010410 0.001025 11.135073
0.012900 0.237000 6.804270 6.895570 0.001050 11.064184
0.012900 0.231000 6.632010 6.723310 0.001074 10.993589
0.013000 0.228000 6.545880 6.637180 0.001099 10.923286
0.013000 0.226000 6.488460 6.579760 0.001123 10.853274
0.013000 0.226000 6.488460 6.579760 0.001147 10.783553
0.013000 0.222000 6.373620 6.464920 0.001172 10.714121
0.013100 0.221000 6.344910 6.436210 0.001196 10.644978
0.013100 0.219000 6.287490 6.378790 0.001221 10.576122
0.013100 0.216000 6.201360 6.292660 0.001245 10.507552
0.013100 0.214000 6.143940 6.235240 0.001270 10.439268
0.013200 0.214000 6.143940 6.235240 0.001294 10.371267
0.013200 0.208000 5.971680 6.062980 0.001318 10.303550
0.013200 0.206000 5.914260 6.005560 0.001343 10.236116
0.013200 0.206000 5.914260 6.005560 0.001367 10.168962
0.013300 0.200000 5.742000 5.833300 0.001392 10.102089
0.013300 0.194000 5.569740 5.661040 0.001416 10.035495
0.013300 0.194000 5.569740 5.661040 0.001440 9.969179
0.013300 0.192000 5.512320 5.603620 0.001465 9.903140
0.013400 0.191000 5.483610 5.574910 0.001489 9.837378
0.013400 0.192000 5.512320 5.603620 0.001514 9.771891
0.013400 0.193000 5.541030 5.632330 0.001538 9.706678
0.013400 0.194000 5.569740 5.661040 0.001563 9.641738
0.013500 5.512320 5.603620 0.001587 9.577070
0.192000
0.013500 5.512320 5.603620 0.001611 9.512674
0.192000
0.013500 5.512320 5.603620 0.001636 9.448548
0.192000
0.013500 5.368770 5.460070 0.001660 9.384692
0.187000
0.013500 5.139090 5.230390 0.001685 9.321104
0.179000
0.013600 5.081670 5.172970 0.001709 9.257783
0.177000
0.013600 4.909410 5.000710 0.001733 9.194729
0.171000
0.013600 4.851990 4.943290 0.001758 9.131940
0.169000
0.013600 4.765860 4.857160 0.001782 9.069416
0.166000
0.013700 4.679730 4.771030 0.001807 9.007155
0.163000
0.013700 4.536180 4.627480 0.001831 8.945157
0.158000
0.013700 4.507470 4.598770 0.001855 8.883421
0.157000
0.013700 4.536180 4.627480 0.001880 8.821945
0.158000
0.013800 4.450050 4.541350 0.001904 8.760730
0.155000
0.013800 4.392630 4.483930 0.001929 8.699773
0.153000
147
Table C.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiue Time Pressure
Í3) (4) (5) (6)
0.013800 0.153000 4.392630 4.483930 0.001953 8.639074
0.013900 0.146000 4.191660 4.282960 0.002002 8.518446
0.013900 0.144000 4.134240 4.225540 0.002026 8.458516
0.013900 0.144000 4.134240 4.225540 0.002051 8.398840
0.013900 0.140000 4.019400 4.110700 0.002075 8.339417
0.014000 0.137000 3.933270 4.024570 0.002100 8.280246
0.014000 0.134000 3.847140 3.938440 0.002124 8.221327
0.014000 0.133000 3.818430 3.909730 0.002148 8.162658
0.014000 0.129000 3.703590 3.794890 0.002173 8.104240
0.014100 0.123000 3.531330 3.622630 0.002197 8.046070
0.014100 0.129000 3.703590 3.794890 0.002222 7.988147
0.014100 0.135000 3.875850 3.967150 0.002246 7.930472
0.014100 0.155000 4.450050 4.541350 0.002271 7.873043
0.014200 0.171000 4.909410 5.000710 0.002295 7.815860
0.014200 0.183000 5.253930 5.345230 0.002319 7.758920
0.014200 0.199000 5.713290 5.804590 0.002344 7.702224
0.014200 0.210000 6.029100 6.120400 0.002368 7.645771
0.014300 0.218000 6.258780 6.350080 0.002393 7.589559
0.014300 0.210000 6.029100 6.120400 0.002417 7.533588
0.014300 0.185000 5.311350 5.402650 0.002441 7.477857
0.014300 0.161000 4.622310 4.713610 0.002466 7.422365
0.014400 0.141000 4.048110 4.139410 0.002490 7.367111
0.014400 0.129000 3.703590 3.794890 0.002515 7.312094
0.014400 0.128000 3.674880 3.766180 0.002539 7.257314
0.014400 0.121000 3.473910 3.565210 0.002563 7.202770
0.014500 0.121000 3.473910 3.565210 0.002588 7.148460
0.014500 0.115000 3.301650 3.392950 0.002612 7.094384
0.014500 0.116000 3.330360 3.421660 0.002637 7.040542
0.014500 0.125000 3.588750 3.680050 0.002661 6.986931
0.014600 0.117000 3.359070 3.450370 0.002686 6.933552
0.014600 0.114000 3.272940 3.364240 0.002710 6.880403
0.014600 0.111000 3.186810 3.278110 0.002734 6.827485
0.014600 0.108000 3.100680 3.191980 0.002759 6.774794
0.014600 0.102000 2.928420 3.019720 0.002783 6.722332
0.014700 0.099900 2.868129 2.959429 0.002808 6.670097
0.014700 0.110000 3.158100 3.249400 0.002832 6.618089
0.014700 0.102000 2.928420 3.019720 0.002856 6.566306
0.014700 0.109000 3.129390 3.220690 0.002881 6.514748
0.014800 0.121000 3.473910 3.565210 0.002905 6.463413
0.014800 0.128000 3.674880 3.766180 0.002930 6.412302
0.014800 0.134000 3.847140 3.938440 0.002954 6.361413
0.014800 0.139000 3.990690 4.081990 0.002979 6.310745
148
Table C.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Presstu'e Time Pressure
<1) (2) (3) (4) (6)
{^}
0.014900 0.144000 4.134240 4.225540 0.003003 6.260298
0.014900 0.151000 4.335210 4.426510 0.003052 6.160063
0.014900 0.149000 4.277790 4.369090 0.003076 6.110273
0.015000 0.138000 3.961980 4.053280 0.003101 6.060701
0.015000 0.130000 3.732300 3.823600 0.003125 6.011345
0.015000 0.121000 3.473910 3.565210 0.003149 5.962205
0.015000 0.127000 3.646170 3.737470 0.003174 5.913280
0.015100 0.126000 3.617460 3.708760 0.003198 5.864570
0.015100 0.122000 3.502620 3.593920 0.003223 5.816073
0.015100 0.125000 3.588750 3.680050 0.003247 5.767788
0.015100 0.135000 3.875850 3.967150 0.003271 5.719716
0.015200 0.145000 4.162950 4.254250 0.003296 5.671854
0.015200 0.149000 4.277790 4.369090 0.003320 5.624204
0.015200 0.147000 4.220370 4.311670 0.003345 5.576762
0.015200 0.142000 4.076820 4.168120 0.003369 5.529530
0.015300 0.142000 4.076820 4.168120 0.003394 5.482505
0.015300 0.138000 3.961980 4.053280 0.003418 5.435688
0.015300 0.136000 3.904560 3.995860 0.003442 5.389078
0.015300 0.131000 3.761010 3.852310 0.003467 5.342673
0.015400 0.124000 3.560040 3.651340 0.003491 5.296473
0.015400 0.123000 3.531330 3.622630 0.003516 5.250478
0.015400 0.125000 3.588750 3.680050 0.003540 5.204686
0.015400 0.126000 3.617460 3.708760 0.003564 5.159097
0.015500 0.131000 3.761010 3.852310 0.003589 5.113710
0.015500 0.128000 3.674880 3.766180 0.003613 5.068524
0.015500 0.127000 3.646170 3.737470 0.003638 5.023539
0.015500 0.131000 3.761010 3.852310 0.003662 4.978754
0.015600 0.128000 3.674880 3.766180 0.003687 4.934168
0.015600 0.124000 3.560040 3.651340 0.003711 4.889780
0.015600 0.126000 3.617460 3.708760 0.003735 4.845590
0.015600 0.123000 3.531330 3.622630 0.003760 4.801596
0.015600 0.116000 3.330360 3.421660 0.003784 4.757799
0.015700 0.111000 3.186810 3.278110 0.003809 4.714197
0.015700 0.111000 3.186810 3.278110 0.003833 4.670790
0.015700 0.113000 3.244230 3.335530 0.003857 4.627577
0.015700 0.113000 3.244230 3.335530 0.003882 4.584558
0.015800 0.111000 3.186810 3.278110 0.003906 4.541730
0.015800 0.114000 3.272940 3.364240 0.003931 4.499095
0.015800 0.115000 3.301650 3.392950 0.003955 4.456651
0.015800 0.112000 3.215520 3.306820 0.003979 4.414397
0.015900 0.107000 3.071970 3.163270 0.004004 4.372334
0.015900 0.104000 2.985840 3.077140 0.004028 4.330459
149
Table C.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressiue Pressure Time Pressure
(1) (3) (4) (5) (6)
{^}
0.015900 0.105000 3.014550 3.105850 0.004053 4.288772
0.016000 0.109000 3.129390 3.220690 0.004102 4.205961
0.016000 0.109000 3.129390 3.220690 0.004126 4.164836
0.016000 0.107000 3.071970 3.163270 0.004150 4.123896
0.016000 0.108000 3.100680 3.191980 0.004175 4.083141
0.016100 0.109000 3.129390 3.220690 0.004199 4.042570
0.016100 0.112000 3.215520 3.306820 0.004224 4.002182
0.016100 0.113000 3.244230 3.335530 0.004248 3.961978
0.016100 0.111000 3.186810 3.278110 0.004272 3.921955
0.016200 0.111000 3.186810 3.278110 0.004297 3.882114
0.016200 0.113000 3.244230 3.335530 0.004321 3.842454
0.016200 0.118000 3.387780 3.479080 0.004346 3.802974
0.016200 0.117000 3.359070 3.450370 0.004370 3.763673
0.016300 0.114000 3.272940 3.364240 0.004395 3.724552
0.016300 0.124000 3.560040 3.651340 0.004419 3.685608
0.016300 0.129000 3.703590 3.794890 0.004443 3.646842
0.016300 0.132000 3.789720 3.881020 0.004468 3.608253
0.016400 0.128000 3.674880 3.766180 0.004492 3.569840
0.016400 0.123000 3.531330 3.622630 0.004517 3.531602
0.016400 0.115000 3.301650 3.392950 0.004541 3.493539
0.016400 0.108000 3.100680 3.191980 0.004565 3.455651
0.016500 0.108000 3.100680 3.191980 0.004590 3.417936
0.016500 0.106000 3.043260 3.134560 0.004614 3.380394
0.016500 0.088400 2.537964 2.629264 0.004639 3.343024
0.016500 0.099500 2.856645 2.947945 0.004663 3.305826
0.016600 0.096600 2.773386 2.864686 0.004688 3.268798
0.016600 0.086800 2.492028 2.583328 0.004712 3.231941
0.016600 0.087000 2.497770 2.589070 0.004736 3.195254
0.016600 0.093500 2.684385 2.775685 0.004761 3.158736
0.016700 0.095700 2.747547 2.838847 0.004785 3.122386
0.016700 0.090700 2.603997 2.695297 0.004810 3.086204
0.016700 0.093300 2.678643 2.769943 0.004834 3.050190
0.016700 0.085700 2.460447 2.551747 0.004858 3.014342
0.016700 0.083700 2.403027 2.494327 0.004883 2.978659
0.016800 0.078600 2.256606 2.347906 0.004907 2.943142
0.016800 0.078800 2.262348 2.353648 0.004932 2.907790
0.016800 0.076000 2.181960 2.273260 0.004956 2.872602
0.016800 0.071000 2.038410 2.129710 0.004980 2.837578
0.016900 0.070400 2.021184 2.112484 0.005005 2.802716
0.016900 0.069600 1.998216 2.089516 0.005029 2.768016
0.016900 0.071200 2.044152 2.135452 0.005054 2.733478
0.016900 0.072300 2.075733 2.167033 0.005078 2.699101
150
Table C.2 (cont.)
Time Pressiu-e Pressiue Pressure Time Pressure
<^} (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.017000 0.075100 2.156121 2.247421 0.005103 2.664885
0.017000 0.073200 2.101572 2.192872 0.005151 2.596931
0.017000 0.076600 2.199186 2.290486 0.005176 2.563192
0.017100 0.074100 2.127411 2.218711 0.005200 2.529611
0.017100 0.071900 2.064249 2.155549 0.005225 2.496188
0.017100 0.073200 2.101572 2.192872 0.005249 2.462921
0.017100 0.070400 2.021184 2.112484 0.005273 2.429811
0.017200 0.072000 2.067120 2.158420 0.005298 2.396856
0.017200 0.070400 2.021184 2.112484 0.005322 2.364057
0.017200 0.067000 1.923570 2.014870 0.005347 2.331412
0.017200 0.068800 1.975248 2.066548 0.005371 2.298921
0.017300 0.067900 1.949409 2.040709 0.005396 2.266583
0.017300 0.069000 1.980990 2.072290 0.005420 2.234398
0.017300 0.067100 1.926441 2.017741 0.005444 2.202365
0.017300 0.067900 1.949409 2.040709 0.005469 2.170483
0.017400 0.065700 1.886247 1.977547 0.005493 2.138753
0.017400 0.062100 1.782891 1.874191 0.005518 2.107173
0.017400 0.058600 1.682406 1.773706 0.005542 2.075743
0.017400 0.056000 1.607760 1.699060 0.005566 2.044463
0.017500 0.057500 1.650825 1.742125 0.005591 2.013331
0.017500 0.052000 1.492920 1.584220 0.005615 1.982347
0.017500 0.049300 1.415403 1.506703 0.005640 1.951511
0.017500 0.048800 1.401048 1.492348 0.005664 1.920823
0.017600 0.049900 1.432629 1.523929 0.005688 1.890280
0.017600 0.046500 1.335015 1.426315 0.005713 1.859884
0.017600 0.043400 1.246014 1.337314 0.005737 1.829633
0.017600 0.041400 1.188594 1.279894 0.005762 1.799527
0.017700 0.039200 1.125432 1.216732 0.005786 1.769565
0.017700 0.038300 1.099593 1.190893 0.005811 1.739747
0.017700 0.035200 1.010592 1.101892 0.005835 1.710072
0.017700 0.030400 0.872784 0.964084 0.005859 1.680540
0.017700 0.032300 0.927333 1.018633 0.005884 1.651150
0.017800 0.033800 0.970398 1.061698 0.005908 1.621901
0.017800 0.034100 0.979011 1.070311 0.005933 1.592794
0.017800 0.033700 0.967527 1.058827 0.005957 1.563827
0.017800 0.032800 0.941688 1.032988 0.005981 1.535000
0.017900 0.027500 0.789525 0.880825 0.006006 1.506313
0.017900 0.026900 0.772299 0.863599 0.006030 1.477764
0.017900 0.025100 0.720621 0.811921 0.006055 1.449354
0.017900 0.023700 0.680427 0.771727 0.006079 1.421082
0.018000 0.023800 0.683298 0.774598 0.006104 1.392947
0.018000 0.023400 0.671814 0.763114 0.006128 1.364949
151
Table C.2 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Time Pressiue
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.018000 0.023100 0.663201 0.754501 0.006152 1.337087
0.018100 0.020600 0.591426 0.682726 0.006201 1.281770
0.018100 0.021900 0.628749 0.720049 0.006226 1.254315
0.018100 0.021900 0.628749 0.720049 0.006250 1.226993
0.018100 0.027900 0.801009 0.892309 0.006274 1.199805
0.018200 0.030900 0.887139 0.978439 0.006299 1.172750
0.018200 0.034400 0.987624 1.078924 0.006323 1.145828
0.018200 0.043800 1.257498 1.348798 0.006348 1.119038
0.018200 0.049100 1.409661 1.500961 0.006372 1.092380
0.018300 0.053200 1.527372 1.618672 0.006396 1.065853
0.018300 0.052800 1.515888 1.607188 0.006421 1.039456
0.018300 0.052300 1.501533 1.592833 0.006445 1.013190
0.018300 0.050400 1.446984 1.538284 0.006470 0.987053
0.018400 0.046100 1.323531 1.414831 0.006494 0.961046
0.018400 0.036700 1.053657 1.144957 0.006519 0.935167
0.018400 0.028500 0.818235 0.909535 0.006543 0.909417
0.018400 0.017900 0.513909 0.605209 0.006567 0.883794
0.018500 0.015400 0.442134 0.533434 0.006592 0.858299
0.018500 0.014500 0.416295 0.507595 0.006616 0.832930
0.018500 0.016200 0.465102 0.556402 0.006641 0.807687
0.018500 0.012600 0.361746 0.453046 0.006665 0.782570
0.018600 0.016700 0.479457 0.570757 0.006689 0.757579
0.018600 0.023000 0.660330 0.751630 0.006714 0.732712
0.018600 0.024100 0.691911 0.783211 0.006738 0.707969
0.018600 0.025500 0.732105 0.823405 0.006763 0.683351
0.018700 0.023200 0.666072 0.757372 0.006787 0.658855
0.018700 0.021500 0.617265 0.708565 0.006812 0.634483
0.018700 0.021600 0.620136 0.711436 0.006836 0.610233
0.018700 0.023600 0.677556 0.768856 0.006860 0.586105
0.018800 0.026700 0.766557 0.857857 0.006885 0.562098
0.018800 0.038000 1.090980 1.182280 0.006909 0.538212
0.018800 0.045500 1.306305 1.397605 0.006934 0.514447
0.018800 0.051300 1.472823 1.564123 0.006958 0.490802
0.018800 0.048900 1.403919 1.495219 0.006982 0.467277
0.018900 0.052000 1.492920 1.584220 0.007007 0.443870
0.018900 0.044600 1.280466 1.371766 0.007031 0.420582
0.018900 0.033000 0.947430 1.038730 0.007056 0.397413
0.018900 0.027500 0.789525 0.880825 0.007080 0.374361
0.019000 0.029400 0.844074 0.935374 0.007105 0.351427
0.019000 0.027400 0.786654 0.877954 0.007129 0.328609
0.019000 0.024200 0.694782 0.786082 0.007153 0.305908
0.019000 0.022500 0.645975 0.737275 0.007178 0.283323
152
Table C.2 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.019100 0.016300 0.467973 0.559273 0.007202 0.260853
0.019100 0.023000 0.660330 0.751630 0.007251 0.216258
0.019100 0.029600 0.849816 0.941116 0.007275 0.194132
0.019200 0.029000 0.832590 0.923890 0.007300 0.172119
0.019200 0.024000 0.689040 0.780340 0.007324 0.150220
0.019200 0.024000 0.689040 0.780340 0.007349 0.128434
0.019200 0.022900 0.657459 0.748759 0.007373 0.106760
0.019300 0.023600 0.677556 0.768856 0.007397 0.085198
0.019300 0.023400 0.671814 0.763114 0.007422 0.063748
0.019300 0.017900 0.513909 0.605209 0.007446 0.042409
0.019300 0.018200 0.522522 0.613822 0.007471 0.021180
0.019400 0.016000 0.459360 0.550660 0.007495 0.000062
0.019400 0.017400 0.499554 0.590854 0.007520 -0.020947
0.019400 0.024800 0.712008 0.803308 0.007544 -0.041847
0.019400 0.027000 0.775170 0.866470 0.007568 -0.062637
0.019500 0.027600 0.792396 0.883696 0.007593 -0.083319
0.019500 0.024400 0.700524 0.791824 0.007617 -0.103893
0.019500 0.024100 0.691911 0.783211 0.007642 -0.124359
0.019500 0.028900 0.829719 0.921019 0.007666 -0.144718
0.019600 0.026000 0.746460 0.837760 0.007690 -0.164970
0.019600 0.022300 0.640233 0.731533 0.007715 -0.185116
0.019600 0.017500 0.502425 0.593725 0.007739 -0.205155
0.019600 0.013800 0.396198 0.487498 0.007764 -0.225090
0.019700 0.008790 0.252361 0.343661 0.007788 -0.244919
0.019700 0.005640 0.161924 0.253224 0.007813 -0.264643
0.019700 0.004400 0.126324 0.217624 0.007837 -0.284263
0.019700 0.006970 0.200109 0.291409 0.007861 -0.303779
0.019800 0.005560 0.159628 0.250928 0.007886 -0.323192
0.019800 0.007050 0.202406 0.293706 0.007910 -0.342501
0.019800 0.011100 0.318681 0.409981 0.007935 -0.361708
0.019800 0.006890 0.197812 0.289112 0.007959 -0.380812
0.019800 0.005310 0.152450 0.243750 0.007983 -0.399815
0.019900 0.004980 0.142976 0.234276 0.008008 -0.418716
0.019900 0.007050 0.202406 0.293706 0.008032 -0.437516
0.019900 0.008460 0.242887 0.334187 0.008057 -0.456215
0.019900 0.006300 0.180873 0.272173 0.008081 -0.474814
0.020000 0.005390 0.154747 0.246047 0.008105 -0.493313
0.020000 0.006640 0.190634 0.281934 0.008130 -0.511713
0.020000 0.005390 0.154747 0.246047 0.008154 -0.530013
0.020000 0.003240 0.093020 0.184320 0.008179 -0.548215
0.020100 0.003400 0.097614 0.188914 0.008203 -0.566319
0.020100 0.003730 0.107088 0.198388 0.008228 -0.584324
153
Table C.2 (cont.)
(5) (6)
, Jî> (2) (3) (4)
0.020100 0.004810 0.138095 0.229395 0.008252 -0.602232
0.020200 0.001910 0.054836 0.146136 0.008301 -0.637757
0.020200 0.004060 0.116563 0.207863 0.008325 -0.655374
0.020200 0.004310 0.123740 0.215040 0.008350 -0.672896
0.020200 0.000083 0.002383 0.093683 0.008374 -0.690322
0.020300 -0.000083 -0.002383 0.088917 0.008398 -0.707652
154
Table C.3 - Free Field Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure Time History
td = 0.013760 sec a= 1.1

P°= 7.8310 psi 1= 39.0 psi-msec
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
-0.001000 0.000000
0.000000 0.000000
0.009940 -0.090400 -0.904000 -0.553000 -0.000007 0.000000 8.380460
0.009960 0.292000 2.920000 3.271000 0.000033 0.000024 8.349916
0.009990 0.648000 6.480000 6.831000 0.000123 0.000049 8.319456
0.010000 0.546000 5.460000 5.811000 0.000154 0.000073 8.289079
0.010000 0.593000 5.930000 6.281000 0.000148 0.000098 8.258785
0.010100 0.569000 5.690000 6.041000 0.000150 0.000122 8.228573
0.010100 0.586000 5.860000 6.211000 0.000150 0.000146 8.198445
0.010100 0.577000 5.770000 6.121000 0.000151 0.000171 8.168399
0.010100 0.582000 5.820000 6.171000 0.000150 0.000195 8.138436
0.010200 0.577000 5.770000 6.121000 0.000150 0.000220 8.108554
0.010200 0.576000 5.760000 6.111000 0.000149 0.000244 8.078755
0.010200 0.576000 5.760000 6.111000 0.000149 0.000269 8.049037
0.010200 0.573000 5.730000 6.081000 0.000149 0.000293 8.019400
0.010300 0.569000 5.690000 6.041000 0.000148 0.000317 7.989845
0.010300 0.569000 5.690000 6.041000 0.000147 0.000342 7.960371
0.010300 0.564000 5.640000 5.991000 0.000147 0.000366 7.930978
0.010300 0.569000 5.690000 6.041000 0.000147 0.000391 7.901666
0.010400 0.566000 5.660000 6.011000 0.000147 0.000415 7.872434
0.010400 0.564000 5.640000 5.991000 0.000147 0.000439 7.843283
0.010400 0.563000 5.630000 5.981000 0.000146 0.000464 7.814212
0.010400 0.558000 5.580000 5.931000 0.000145 0.000488 7.785220
0.010400 0.557000 5.570000 5.921000 0.000145 0.000513 7.756308
0.010500 0.564000 5.640000 5.991000 0.000145 0.000537 7.727476
0.010500 0.559000 5.590000 5.941000 0.000146 0.000562 7.698724
0.010500 0.550000 5.500000 5.851000 0.000144 0.000586 7.670050
0.010500 0.554000 5.540000 5.891000 0.000143 0.000610 7.641455
0.010600 0.556000 5.560000 5.911000 0.000144 0.000635 7.612940
0.010600 0.549000 5.490000 5.841000 0.000143 0.000659 7.584502
0.010600 0.560000 5.600000 5.951000 0.000144 0.000684 7.556143
0.010600 0.665000 6.650000 7.001000 0.000158 0.000708 7.527863
0.010700 0.748000 7.480000 7.831000 0.000181 0.000732 7.499660
0.010700 0.708000 7.080000 7.431000 0.000186 0.000757 7.471535
0.010700 0.673000 6.730000 7.081000 0.000177 0.000781 7.443488
0.010700 0.642000 6.420000 6.771000 0.000169 0.000806 7.415518
0.010800 0.613000 6.130000 6.481000 0.000162 0.000830 7.387625
0.010800 0.583000 5.830000 6.181000 0.000155 0.000854 7.359810
155
Table C.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Impulse Time Pressiue
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.010800 0.557000 5.570000 5.921000 0.000148 0.000879 7.332071
0.010900 0.513000 5.130000 5.481000 0.000137 0.000928 7.276824
0.010900 0.496000 4.960000 5.311000 0.000132 0.000952 7.249315
0.010900 0.493000 4.930000 5.281000 0.000129 0.000977 7.221881
0.010900 0.493000 4.930000 5.281000 0.000129 0.001001 7.194524
0.011000 0.487000 4.870000 5.221000 0.000128 0.001025 7.167243
0.011000 0.491000 4.910000 5.261000 0.000128 0.001050 7.140037
0.011000 0.500000 5.000000 5.351000 0.000130 0.001074 7.112907
0.011000 0.501000 5.010000 5.361000 0.000131 0.001099 7.085851
0.011100 0.505000 5.050000 5.401000 0.000131 0.001123 7.058871
0.011100 0.508000 5.080000 5.431000 0.000132 0.001147 7.031966
0.011100 0.514000 5.140000 5.491000 0.000133 0.001172 7.005135
0.011100 0.515000 5.150000 5.501000 0.000134 0.001196 6.978379
0.011200 0.512000 5.120000 5.471000 0.000134 0.001221 6.951697
0.011200 0.511000 5.110000 5.461000 0.000133 0.001245 6.925089
0.011200 0.508000 5.080000 5.431000 0.000133 0.001270 6.898555
0.011200 0.505000 5.050000 5.401000 0.000132 0.001294 6.872094
0.011300 0.506000 5.060000 5.411000 0.000132 0.001318 6.845708
0.011300 0.504000 5.040000 5.391000 0.000132 0.001343 6.819394
0.011300 0.499000 4.990000 5.341000 0.000131 0.001367 6.793154
0.011300 0.495000 4.950000 5.301000 0.000130 0.001392 6.766987
0.011400 0.489000 4.890000 5.241000 0.000129 0.001416 6.740893
0.011400 0.487000 4.870000 5.221000 0.000128 0.001440 6.714871
0.011400 0.488000 4.880000 5.231000 0.000128 0.001465 6.688922
0.011400 0.486000 4.860000 5.211000 0.000127 0.001489 6.663045
0.011500 0.478000 4.780000 5.131000 0.000126 0.001514 6.637240
0.011500 0.473000 4.730000 5.081000 0.000125 0.001538 6.611507
0.011500 0.473000 4.730000 5.081000 0.000124 0.001563 6.585846
0.011500 0.471000 4.710000 5.061000 0.000124 0.001587 6.560257
0.011500 0.475000 4.750000 5.101000 0.000124 0.001611 6.534739
0.011600 0.475000 4.750000 5.101000 0.000125 0.001636 6.509292
0.011600 0.475000 4.750000 5.101000 0.000125 0.001660 6.483916
0.011600 0.479000 4.790000 5.141000 0.000125 0.001685 6.458612
0.011600 0.471000 4.710000 5.061000 0.000125 0.001709 6.433377
0.011700 0.469000 4.690000 5.041000 0.000123 0.001733 6.408214
0.011700 0.463000 4.630000 4.981000 0.000122 0.001758 6.383121
0.011700 0.459000 4.590000 4.941000 0.000121 0.001782 6.358098
0.011700 0.464000 4.640000 4.991000 0.000121 0.001807 6.333145
0.011800 0.461000 4.610000 4.961000 0.000121 0.001831 6.308261
0.011800 0.460000 4.600000 4.951000 0.000121 0.001855 6.283448
0.011800 0.462000 4.620000 4.971000 0.000121 0.001880 6.258704
0.011800 0.460000 4.600000 4.951000 0.000121 0.001904 6.234029
156
Table C.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Impulse Time Pressiuê
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.011900 0.458000 4.580000 4.931000 0.000121 0.001929 6.209424
0.011900 0.458000 4.580000 4.931000 0.000120 0.001953 6.184888
0.012000 0.446000 4.460000 4.811000 0.000118 0.002026 6.111691
0.012000 0.441000 4.410000 4.761000 0.000117 0.002051 6.087428
0.012000 0.441000 4.410000 4.761000 0.000116 0.002075 6.063234
0.012000 0.440000 4.400000 4.751000 0.000116 0.002100 6.039108
0.012100 0.440000 4.400000 4.751000 0.000116 0.002124 6.015050
0.012100 0.434000 4.340000 4.691000 0.000115 0.002148 5.991060
0.012100 0.434000 4.340000 4.691000 0.000115 0.002173 5.967137
0.012100 0.433000 4.330000 4.681000 0.000114 0.002197 5.943281
0.012200 0.429000 4.290000 4.641000 0.000114 0.002222 5.919492
0.012200 0.432000 4.320000 4.671000 0.000114 0.002246 5.895771
0.012200 0.432000 4.320000 4.671000 0.000114 0.002271 5.872116
0.012200 0.425000 4.250000 4.601000 0.000113 0.002295 5.848528
0.012300 0.422000 4.220000 4.571000 0.000112 0.002319 5.825006
0.012300 0.418000 4.180000 4.531000 0.000111 0.002344 5.801551
0.012300 0.416000 4.160000 4.511000 0.000110 0.002368 5.778162
0.012300 0.414000 4.140000 4.491000 0.000110 0.002393 5.754839
0.012400 0.408000 4.080000 4.431000 0.000109 0.002417 5.731581
0.012400 0.417000 4.170000 4.521000 0.000109 0.002441 5.708390
0.012400 0.418000 4.180000 4.531000 0.000110 0.002466 5.685264
0.012400 0.422000 4.220000 4.571000 0.000111 0.002490 5.662203
0.012500 0.417000 4.170000 4.521000 0.000111 0.002515 5.639207
0.012500 0.418000 4.180000 4.531000 0.000110 0.002539 5.616277
0.012500 0.419000 4.190000 4.541000 0.000111 0.002563 5.593411
0.012500 0.414000 4.140000 4.491000 0.000110 0.002588 5.570610
0.012500 0.417000 4.170000 4.521000 0.000110 0.002612 5.547874
0.012600 0.420000 4.200000 4.551000 0.000111 0.002637 5.525202
0.012600 0.415000 4.150000 4.501000 0.000110 0.002661 5.502594
0.012600 0.415000 4.150000 4.501000 0.000110 0.002686 5.480050
0.012600 0.414000 4.140000 4.491000 0.000110 0.002710 5.457570
0.012700 0.405000 4.050000 4.401000 0.000109 0.002734 5.435154
0.012700 0.399000 3.990000 4.341000 0.000107 0.002759 5.412802
0.012700 0.401000 4.010000 4.361000 0.000106 0.002783 5.390513
0.012700 0.399000 3.990000 4.341000 0.000106 0.002808 5.368287
0.012800 0.397000 3.970000 4.321000 0.000106 0.002832 5.346124
0.012800 0.395000 3.950000 4.301000 0.000105 0.002856 5.324025
0.012800 0.395000 3.950000 4.301000 0.000105 0.002856 5.324025
0.012800 0.391000 3.910000 4.261000 0.000105 0.002881 5.301988
0.012800 0.395000 3.950000 4.301000 0.000105 0.002905 5.280014
0.012900 0.392000 3.920000 4.271000 0.000105 0.002930 5.258102
0.012900 0.389000 3.890000 4.241000 0.000104 0.002954 5.236253
157
Table C.3 (cont.)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.012900 0.384000 3.840000 4.191000 0.000103 0.002979 5.214465
0.012900 0.385000 3.850000 4.201000 0.000102 0.003003 5.192740
0.013000 0.385000 3.850000 4.201000 0.000103 0.003027 5.171077
0.013100 0.377000 3.770000 4.121000 0.000101 0.003125 5.085040
0.013100 0.379000 3.790000 4.141000 0.000101 0.003149 5.063684
0.013100 0.375000 3.750000 4.101000 0.000101 0.003174 5.042389
0.013100 0.369000 3.690000 4.041000 0.000099 0.003198 5.021154
0.013200 0.365000 3.650000 4.001000 0.000098 0.003223 4.999981
0.013200 0.370000 3.700000 4.051000 0.000098 0.003247 4.978868
0.013200 0.371000 3.710000 4.061000 0.000099 0.003271 4.957815
0.013200 0.373000 3.730000 4.081000 0.000099 0.003296 4.936822
0.013300 0.368000 3.680000 4.031000 0.000099 0.003320 4.915890
0.013300 0.364000 3.640000 3.991000 0.000098 0.003345 4.895017
0.013300 0.356000 3.560000 3.911000 0.000096 0.003369 4.874205
0.013300 0.352000 3.520000 3.871000 0.000095 0.003394 4.853451
0.013400 0.352000 3.520000 3.871000 0.000095 0.003418 4.832758
0.013400 0.351000 3.510000 3.861000 0.000094 0.003442 4.812123
0.013400 0.347000 3.470000 3.821000 0.000094 0.003467 4.791548
0.013400 0.341000 3.410000 3.761000 0.000093 0.003491 4.771032
0.013500 0.345000 3.450000 3.801000 0.000092 0.003516 4.750575
0.013500 0.345000 3.450000 3.801000 0.000093 0.003540 4.730176
0.013500 0.339000 3.390000 3.741000 0.000092 0.003564 4.709836
0.013500 0.338000 3.380000 3.731000 0.000091 0.003589 4.689555
0.013500 0.339000 3.390000 3.741000 0.000091 0.003613 4.669331
0.013600 0.340000 3.400000 3.751000 0.000091 0.003638 4.649166
0.013600 0.341000 3.410000 3.761000 0.000092 0.003662 4.629059
0.013600 0.344000 3.440000 3.791000 0.000092 0.003687 4.609010
0.013600 0.340000 3.400000 3.751000 0.000092 0.003711 4.589018
0.013700 0.338000 3.380000 3.731000 0.000091 0.003735 4.569085
0.013700 0.337000 3.370000 3.721000 0.000091 0.003760 4.549208
0.013700 0.335000 3.350000 3.701000 0.000091 0.003784 4.529389
0.013700 0.334000 3.340000 3.691000 0.000090 0.003809 4.509627
0.013800 0.330000 3.300000 3.651000 0.000090 0.003833 4.489922
0.013800 0.330000 3.300000 3.651000 0.000089 0.003857 4.470274
0.013800 0.330000 3.300000 3.651000 0.000089 0.003882 4.450682
0.013800 0.329000 3.290000 3.641000 0.000089 0.003906 4.431147
0.013900 0.327000 3.270000 3.621000 0.000089 0.003931 4.411669
0.013900 0.325000 3.250000 3.601000 0.000088 0.003955 4.392247
0.013900 0.326000 3.260000 3.611000 0.000088 0.003979 4.372881
0.013900 0.321000 3.210000 3.561000 0.000088 0.004004 4.353571
0.014000 0.320000 3.200000 3.551000 0.000087 0.004028 4.334317
0.014000 0.314000 3.140000 3.491000 0.000086 0.004053 4.315118
158
Table C.3 (cont.,
Time Pressiue Pressure Pressure Impulse Time Pressiue
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.014000 0.313000 3.130000 3.481000 0.000085 0.004077 4.295976
0.014000 0.310000 3.100000 3.451000 0.000085 0.004102 4.276888
0.014100 0.307000 3.070000 3.421000 0.000084 0.004175 4.219958
0.014100 0.307000 3.070000 3.421000 0.000084 0.004199 4.201091
0.014200 0.307000 3.070000 3.421000 0.000084 0.004224 4.182279
0.014200 0.307000 3.070000 3.421000 0.000084 0.004248 4.163521
0.014200 0.303000 3.030000 3.381000 0.000083 0.004272 4.144818
0.014200 0.302000 3.020000 3.371000 0.000082 0.004297 4.126170
0.014300 0.297000 2.970000 3.321000 0.000082 0.004321 4.107575
0.014300 0.295000 2.950000 3.301000 0.000081 0.004346 4.089035
0.014300 0.291000 2.910000 3.261000 0.000080 0.004370 4.070549
0.014300 0.287000 2.870000 3.221000 0.000079 0.004395 4.052116
0.014400 0.287000 2.870000 3.221000 0.000079 0.004419 4.033737
0.014400 0.286000 2.860000 3.211000 0.000079 0.004443 4.015412
0.014400 0.288000 2.880000 3.231000 0.000079 0.004468 3.997140
0.014400 0.287000 2.870000 3.221000 0.000079 0.004492 3.978921
0.014500 0.286000 2.860000 3.211000 0.000079 0.004517 3.960756
0.014500 0.284000 2.840000 3.191000 0.000078 0.004541 3.942643
0.014500 0.280000 2.800000 3.151000 0.000077 0.004565 3.924584
0.014500 0.280000 2.800000 3.151000 0.000077 0.004590 3.906577
0.014600 0.279000 2.790000 3.141000 0.000077 0.004614 3.888623
0.014600 0.277000 2.770000 3.121000 0.000076 0.004639 3.870721
0.014600 0.276000 2.760000 3.111000 0.000076 0.004663 3.852872
0.014600 0.278000 2.780000 3.131000 0.000076 0.004688 3.835074
0.014600 0.278000 2.780000 3.131000 0.000076 0.004712 3.817329
0.014700 0.278000 2.780000 3.131000 0.000076 0.004736 3.799636
0.014700 0.274000 2.740000 3.091000 0.000076 0.004761 3.781995
0.014700 0.272000 2.720000 3.071000 0.000075 0.004785 3.764405
0.014700 0.271000 2.710000 3.061000 0.000075 0.004810 3.746867
0.014800 0.271000 2.710000 3.061000 0.000075 0.004834 3.729381
0.014800 0.274000 2.740000 3.091000 0.000075 0.004858 3.711945
0.014800 0.268000 2.680000 3.031000 0.000075 0.004883 3.694561
0.014800 0.268000 2.680000 3.031000 0.000074 0.004907 3.677228
0.014900 0.263000 2.630000 2.981000 0.000073 0.004932 3.659946
0.014900 0.261000 2.610000 2.961000 0.000073 0.004956 3.642715
0.014900 0.258000 2.580000 2.931000 0.000072 0.004980 3.625534
0.014900 0.257000 2.570000 2.921000 0.000071 0.005005 3.608404
0.015000 0.258000 2.580000 2.931000 0.000071 0.005029 3.591324
0.015000 0.257000 2.570000 2.921000 0.000071 0.005054 3.574295
0.015000 0.259000 2.590000 2.941000 0.000072 0.005078 3.557315
0.015000 0.255000 2.550000 2.901000 0.000071 0.005103 3.540386
0.015100 0.254000 2.540000 2.891000 0.000071 0.005127 3.523507
159
Table C.3 (cont.,)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiure Impulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.015100 0.254000 2.540000 2.891000 0.000071 0.005151 3.506677
0.015100 0.253000 2.530000 2.881000 0.000070 0.005176 3.489897
0.015200 0.246000 2.460000 2.811000 0.000068 0.005249 3.439854
0.015200 0.243000 2.430000 2.781000 0.000068 0.005273 3.423272
0.015200 0.242000 2.420000 2.771000 0.000068 0.005298 3.406738
0.015300 0.245000 2.450000 2.801000 0.000068 0.005322 3.390253
0.015300 0.245000 2.450000 2.801000 0.000068 0.005347 3.373818
0.015300 0.244000 2.440000 2.791000 0.000068 0.005371 3.357430
0.015300 0.244000 2.440000 2.791000 0.000068 0.005396 3.341092
0.015400 0.241000 2.410000 2.761000 0.000068 0.005420 3.324802
0.015400 0.237000 2.370000 2.721000 0.000067 0.005444 3.308560
0.015400 0.237000 2.370000 2.721000 0.000066 0.005469 3.292366
0.015400 0.238000 2.380000 2.731000 0.000067 0.005493 3.276220
0.015500 0.244000 2.440000 2.791000 0.000067 0.005518 3.260122
0.015500 0.241000 2.410000 2.761000 0.000068 0.005542 3.244072
0.015500 0.238000 2.380000 2.731000 0.000067 0.005566 3.228070
0.015500 0.235000 2.350000 2.701000 0.000066 0.005591 3.212115
0.015600 0.234000 2.340000 2.691000 0.000066 0.005615 3.196208
0.015600 0.234000 2.340000 2.691000 0.000066 0.005640 3.180348
0.015600 0.233000 2.330000 2.681000 0.000066 0.005664 3.164536
0.015600 0.231000 2.310000 2.661000 0.000065 0.005688 3.148770
0.015600 0.226000 2.260000 2.611000 0.000064 0.005713 3.133051
0.015700 0.221000 2.210000 2.561000 0.000063 0.005737 3.117379
0.015700 0.225000 2.250000 2.601000 0.000063 0.005762 3.101754
0.015700 0.224000 2.240000 2.591000 0.000063 0.005786 3.086176
0.015700 0.221000 2.210000 2.561000 0.000063 0.005811 3.070644
0.015800 0.216000 2.160000 2.511000 0.000062 0.005835 3.055158
0.015800 0.215000 2.150000 2.501000 0.000061 0.005859 3.039719
0.015800 0.213000 2.130000 2.481000 0.000061 0.005884 3.024326
0.015800 0.214000 2.140000 2.491000 0.000061 0.005908 3.008978
0.015900 0.217000 2.170000 2.521000 0.000061 0.005933 2.993677
0.015900 0.214000 2.140000 2.491000 0.000061 0.005957 2.978422
0.015900 0.212000 2.120000 2.471000 0.000061 0.005981 2.963212
0.015900 0.209000 2.090000 2.441000 0.000060 0.006006 2.948048
0.016000 0.209000 2.090000 2.441000 0.000060 0.006030 2.932929
0.016000 0.209000 2.090000 2.441000 0.000060 0.006055 2.917855
0.016000 0.208000 2.080000 2.431000 0.000059 0.006079 2.902827
0.016000 0.209000 2.090000 2.441000 0.000059 0.006104 2.887844
0.016100 0.210000 2.100000 2.451000 0.000060 0.006128 2.872906
0.016100 0.206000 2.060000 2.411000 0.000059 0.006152 2.858012
0.016100 0.202000 2.020000 2.371000 0.000058 0.006177 2.843164
0.016100 0.200000 2.000000 2.351000 0.000058 0.006201 2.828360
160
Table C.3 (cont.)
R a w Data Conected Ideal
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.016200 0.196000 1.960000 2.311000 0.000057 0.006226 2.813601
0.016200 0.195000 1.950000 2.301000 0.000056 0.006250 2.798886
0.016300 0.193000 1.930000 2.281000 0.000056 0.006323 2.755006
0.016300 0.193000 1.930000 2.281000 0.000056 0.006348 2.740468
0.016300 0.188000 1.880000 2.231000 0.000055 0.006372 2.725973
0.016300 0.191000 1.910000 2.261000 0.000055 0.006396 2.711522
0.016400 0.193000 1.930000 2.281000 0.000055 0.006421 2.697115
0.016400 0.194000 1.940000 2.291000 0.000056 0.006445 2.682751
0.016400 0.190000 1.900000 2.251000 0.000055 0.006470 2.668431
0.016400 0.194000 1.940000 2.291000 0.000055 0.006494 2.654154
0.016500 0.195000 1.950000 2.301000 0.000056 0.006519 2.639920
0.016500 0.195000 1.950000 2.301000 0.000056 0.006543 2.625730
0.016500 0.191000 1.910000 2.261000 0.000056 0.006567 2.611582
0.016500 0.189000 1.890000 2.241000 0.000055 0.006592 2.597477
0.016600 0.191000 1.910000 2.261000 0.000055 0.006616 2.583415
0.016600 0.189000 1.890000 2.241000 0.000055 0.006641 2.569395
0.016600 0.190000 1.900000 2.251000 0.000055 0.006665 2.555418
0.016600 0.191000 1.910000 2.261000 0.000055 0.006689 2.541484
0.016700 0.190000 1.900000 2.251000 0.000055 0.006714 2.527592
0.016700 0.186000 1.860000 2.211000 0.000054 0.006738 2.513742
0.016700 0.185000 1.850000 2.201000 0.000054 0.006763 2.499934
0.016700 0.179000 1.790000 2.141000 0.000053 0.006787 2.486168
0.016700 0.186000 1.860000 2.211000 0.000053 0.006812 2.472444
0.016800 0.186000 1.860000 2.211000 0.000054 0.006836 2.458762
0.016800 0.183000 1.830000 2.181000 0.000054 0.006860 2.445121
0.016800 0.182000 1.820000 2.171000 0.000053 0.006885 2.431522
0.016800 0.181000 1.810000 2.161000 0.000053 0.006909 2.417965
0.016900 0.182000 1.820000 2.171000 0.000053 0.006934 2.404448
0.016900 0.179000 1.790000 2.141000 0.000053 0.006958 2.390973
0.016900 0.182000 1.820000 2.171000 0.000053 0.006982 2.377540
0.016900 0.184000 1.840000 2.191000 0.000053 0.007007 2.364147
0.017000 0.183000 1.830000 2.181000 0.000053 0.007031 2.350795
0.017000 0.180000 1.800000 2.151000 0.000053 0.007056 2.337484
0.017000 0.175000 1.750000 2.101000 0.000052 0.007080 2.324214
0.017000 0.176000 1.760000 2.111000 0.000051 0.007105 2.310984
0.017100 0.173000 1.730000 2.081000 0.000051 0.007129 2.297795
0.017100 0.167000 1.670000 2.021000 0.000050 0.007153 2.284646
0.017100 0.163000 1.630000 1.981000 0.000049 0.007178 2.271538
0.017100 0.161000 1.610000 1.961000 0.000048 0.007202 2.258469
0.017200 0.159000 1.590000 1.941000 0.000048 0.007227 2.245441
0.017200 0.161000 1.610000 1.961000 0.000048 0.007251 2.232453
0.017200 0.156000 1.560000 1.911000 0.000047 1 0.007275 2.219505
161
Table C.3 (cont.)
Time Pressiue Pressiue Pressure Impulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.017200 0.153000 1.530000 1.881000 0.000046 0.007300 2.206596
0.017300 0.154000 1.540000 1.891000 0.000046 0.007324 2.193728
0.017300 0.154000 1.540000 1.891000 0.000045 0.007397 2.155359
0.017400 0.152000 1.520000 1.871000 0.000046 0.007422 2.142648
0.017400 0.143000 1.430000 1.781000 0.000045 0.007446 2.129976
0.017400 0.143000 1.430000 1.781000 0.000043 0.007471 2.117343
0.017400 0.141000 1.410000 1.761000 0.000043 0.007495 2.104749
0.017500 0.140000 1.400000 1.751000 0.000043 0.007520 2.092194
0.017500 0.137000 1.370000 1.721000 0.000042 0.007544 2.079678
0.017500 0.140000 1.400000 1.751000 0.000042 0.007568 2.067201
0.017500 0.137000 1.370000 1.721000 0.000042 0.007593 2.054762
0.017600 0.148000 1.480000 1.831000 0.000043 0.007617 2.042362
0.017600 0.208000 2.080000 2.431000 0.000052 0.007642 2.030000
0.017600 0.245000 2.450000 2.801000 0.000064 0.007666 2.017676
0.017600 0.246000 2.460000 2.811000 0.000069 0.007690 2.005391
0.017700 0.239000 2.390000 2.741000 0.000068 0.007715 1.993143
0.017700 0.233000 2.330000 2.681000 0.000066 0.007739 1.980934
0.017700 0.237000 2.370000 2.721000 0.000066 0.007764 1.968762
0.017700 0.243000 2.430000 2.781000 0.000067 0.007788 1.956629
0.017700 0.246000 2.460000 2.811000 0.000068 0.007813 1.944533
0.017800 0.245000 2.450000 2.801000 0.000069 0.007837 1.932474
0.017800 0.244000 2.440000 2.791000 0.000068 0.007861 1.920453
0.017800 0.243000 2.430000 2.781000 0.000068 0.007886 1.908470
0.017800 0.243000 2.430000 2.781000 0.000068 0.007910 1.896524
0.017900 0.243000 2.430000 2.781000 0.000068 0.007935 1.884615
0.017900 0.242000 2.420000 2.771000 0.000068 0.007959 1.872743
0.017900 0.238000 2.380000 2.731000 0.000067 0.007983 1.860908
0.017900 0.235000 2.350000 2.701000 0.000066 0.008008 1.849110
0.018000 0.237000 2.370000 2.721000 0.000066 0.008032 1.837349
0.018000 0.237000 2.370000 2.721000 0.000066 0.008057 1.825625
0.018000 0.244000 2.440000 2.791000 0.000067 0.008081 1.813937
0.018000 0.247000 2.470000 2.821000 0.000069 0.008105 1.802286
0.018100 0.244000 2.440000 2.791000 0.000069 0.008130 1.790671
0.018100 0.244000 2.440000 2.791000 0.000068 0.008154 1.779093
0.018100 0.241000 2.410000 2.761000 0.000068 0.008179 1.767551
0.018100 0.241000 2.410000 2.761000 0.000067 0.008203 1.756045
0.018200 0.247000 2.470000 2.821000 0.000068 0.008228 1.744575
0.018200 0.253000 2.530000 2.881000 0.000070 0.008252 1.733141
0.018200 0.261000 2.610000 2.961000 0.000071 0.008276 1.721744
0.018200 0.267000 2.670000 3.021000 0.000073 0.008301 1.710381
0.018300 0.270000 2.700000 3.051000 0.000074 0.008325 1.699055
0.018300 0.274000 2.740000 3.091000 0.000075 0.008350 1.687764
162
Table C.3 (cont.)
Time Pressiue Pressure Pressure Inpulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.018300 0.274000 2.740000 3.091000 0.000075 0.008374 1.676509
0.018300 0.275000 2.750000 3.101000 0.000076 0.008398 1.665289
0.018400 0.280000 2.800000 3.151000 0.000077 0.008472 1.631841
0.018400 0.283000 2.830000 3.181000 0.000077 0.008496 1.620762
0.018500 0.288000 2.880000 3.231000 0.000078 0.008521 1.609718
0.018500 0.281000 2.810000 3.161000 0.000078 0.008545 1.598709
0.018500 0.277000 2.770000 3.121000 0.000077 0.008569 1.587735
0.018500 0.272000 2.720000 3.071000 0.000076 0.008594 1.576795
0.018600 0.268000 2.680000 3.031000 0.000074 0.008618 1.565890
0.018600 0.262000 2.620000 2.971000 0.000073 0.008643 1.555019
0.018600 0.257000 2.570000 2.921000 0.000072 0.008667 1.544183
0.018600 0.255000 2.550000 2.901000 0.000071 0.008691 1.533381
0.018700 0.254000 2.540000 2.891000 0.000071 0.008716 1.522614
0.018700 0.259000 2.590000 2.941000 0.000071 0.008740 1.511881
0.018700 0.269000 2.690000 3.041000 0.000073 0.008765 1.501181
0.018700 0.278000 2.780000 3.131000 0.000075 0.008789 1.490516
0.018800 0.274000 2.740000 3.091000 0.000076 0.008813 1.479885
0.018800 0.265000 2.650000 3.001000 0.000074 0.008838 1.469287
0.018800 0.261000 2.610000 2.961000 0.000073 0.008862 1.458723
0.018800 0.256000 2.560000 2.911000 0.000072 0.008887 1.448193
0.018800 0.250000 2.500000 2.851000 0.000070 0.008911 1.437696
0.018900 0.248000 2.480000 2.831000 0.000069 0.008936 1.427233
0.018900 0.241000 2.410000 2.761000 0.000068 0.008960 1.416803
0.018900 0.241000 2.410000 2.761000 0.000067 0.008984 1.406407
0.018900 0.236000 2.360000 2.711000 0.000067 0.009009 1.396043
0.019000 0.231000 2.310000 2.661000 0.000066 0.009033 1.385713
0.019000 0.224000 2.240000 2.591000 0.000064 0.009058 1.375416
0.019000 0.217000 2.170000 2.521000 0.000062 0.009082 1.365152
0.019000 0.210000 2.100000 2.451000 0.000061 0.009106 1.354920
0.019100 0.205000 2.050000 2.401000 0.000059 0.009131 1.344721
0.019100 0.201000 2.010000 2.361000 0.000058 0.009155 1.334556
0.019100 0.200000 2.000000 2.351000 0.000058 0.009180 1.324422
0.019100 0.202000 2.020000 2.371000 0.000058 0.009204 1.314321
0.019200 0.204000 2.040000 2.391000 0.000058 0.009229 1.304253
0.019200 0.201000 2.010000 2.361000 0.000058 0.009253 1.294217
0.019200 0.194000 1.940000 2.291000 0.000057 0.009277 1.284213
0.019200 0.194000 1.940000 2.291000 0.000056 0.009302 1.274241
0.019300 0.192000 1.920000 2.271000 0.000056 0.009326 1.264302
0.019300 0.184000 1.840000 2.191000 0.000054 0.009351 1.254394
0.019300 0.177000 1.770000 2.121000 0.000053 0.009375 1.244519
0.019300 0.174000 1.740000 2.091000 0.000051 0.009399 1.234675
0.019400 0.175000 1.750000 2.101000 0.000051 0.009424 1.224863
163
Table C.3 (cont. )
Time Pressiu-e Pressure Pressiuê Impulse Time Pressiu'e
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.019400 0.177000 1.770000 2.121000 0.000052 0.009448 1.215083
0.019400 0.176000 1.760000 2.111000 0.000052 0.009497 1.195616
0.019500 0.171000 1.710000 2.061000 0.000051 0.009521 1.185931
0.019500 0.168000 1.680000 2.031000 0.000050 0.009546 1.176276
0.019500 0.166000 1.660000 2.011000 0.000049 0.009570 1.166653
0.019500 0.160000 1.600000 1.951000 0.000048 0.009595 1.157061
0.019600 0.157000 1.570000 1.921000 0.000047 0.009619 1.147500
0.019600 0.156000 1.560000 1.911000 0.000047 0.009644 1.137970
0.019600 0.160000 1.600000 1.951000 0.000047 0.009668 1.128471
0.019600 0.160000 1.600000 1.951000 0.000048 0.009692 1.119003
0.019700 0.157000 1.570000 1.921000 0.000047 0.009717 1.109566
0.019700 0.154000 1.540000 1.891000 0.000047 0.009741 1.100159
0.019700 0.149000 1.490000 1.841000 0.000046 0.009766 1.090783
0.019700 0.150000 1.500000 1.851000 0.000045 0.009790 1.081437
0.019800 0.149000 1.490000 1.841000 0.000045 0.009814 1.072122
0.019800 0.147000 1.470000 1.821000 0.000045 0.009839 1.062838
0.019800 0.160000 1.600000 1.951000 0.000046 0.009863 1.053583
0.019800 0.165000 1.650000 2.001000 0.000048 0.009888 1.044359
0.019800 0.163000 1.630000 1.981000 0.000049 0.009912 1.035165
0.019900 0.162000 1.620000 1.971000 0.000048 0.009937 1.026001
0.019900 0.154000 1.540000 1.891000 0.000047 0.009961 1.016867
0.019900 0.149000 1.490000 1.841000 0.000046 0.009985 1.007763
0.019900 0.138000 1.380000 1.731000 0.000044 0.010010 0.998688
0.020000 0.131000 1.310000 1.661000 0.000041 0.010034 0.989644
0.020000 0.128000 1.280000 1.631000 0.000040 0.010059 0.980629
0.020000 0.122000 1.220000 1.571000 0.000039 0.010083 0.971643
0.020000 0.118000 1.180000 1.531000 0.000038 0.010107 0.962688
0.020100 0.117000 1.170000 1.521000 0.000037 0.010132 0.953761
0.020100 0.115000 1.150000 1.501000 0.000037 0.010156 0.944864
0.020100 0.115000 1.150000 1.501000 0.000037 0.010181 0.935996
0.020100 0.113000 1.130000 1.481000 0.000036 0.010205 0.927158
0.020200 0.108000 1.080000 1.431000 0.000036 0.010230 0.918348
0.020200 0.104000 1.040000 1.391000 0.000034 0.010254 0.909568
0.020200 0.102000 1.020000 1.371000 0.000034 0.010278 0.900816
0.020200 0.099700 0.997000 1.348000 0.000033 0.010303 0.892094
0.020300 0.095000 0.950000 1.301000 0.000032 0.010327 0.883400
0.020300 0.096600 0.966000 1.317000 0.000032 0.010352 0.874735
0.020300 0.097200 0.972000 1.323000 0.000032 0.010376 0.866098
0.020300 0.096500 0.965000 1.316000 0.000032 0.010400 0.857491
0.020400 0.093900 0.939000 1.290000 0.000032 0.010425 0.848911
0.020400 0.089500 0.895000 1.246000 0.000031 0.010449 0.840360
0.020400 0.091000 0.910000 1.261000 0.000031 0.010474 0.831838
164
Table C.3 (cont.)
Time Pressiue Pressure Pressure Impulse Time Pressiue
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.020400 0.094500 0.945000 1.296000 0.000031 0.010498 0.823344
0.020500 0.095200 0.952000 1.303000 0.000032 0.010522 0.814878
0.020500 0.092300 0.923000 1.274000 0.000031 0.010596 0.789648
0.020600 0.088600 0.886000 1.237000 0.000031 0.010620 0.781294
0.020600 0.087800 0.878000 1.229000 0.000030 0.010645 0.772968
0.020600 0.087700 0.877000 1.228000 0.000030 0.010669 0.764670
0.020600 0.087600 0.876000 1.227000 0.000030 0.010693 0.756399
0.020700 0.088000 0.880000 1.231000 0.000030 0.010718 0.748156
0.020700 0.087700 0.877000 1.228000 0.000030 0.010742 0.739941
0.020700 0.083800 0.838000 1.189000 0.000030 0.010767 0.731753
0.020700 0.081400 0.814000 1.165000 0.000029 0.010791 0.723592
0.020800 0.082900 0.829000 1.180000 0.000029 0.010815 0.715459
0.020800 0.083200 0.832000 1.183000 0.000029 0.010840 0.707353
0.020800 0.088500 0.885000 1.236000 0.000030 0.010864 0.699274
0.020800 0.090400 0.904000 1.255000 0.000030 0.010889 0.691222
0.020800 0.101000 1.010000 1.361000 0.000032 0.010913 0.683197
0.020900 0.112000 1.120000 1.471000 0.000035 0.010938 0.675200
0.020900 0.115000 1.150000 1.501000 0.000036 0.010962 0.667229
0.020900 0.118000 1.180000 1.531000 0.000037 0.010986 0.659285
0.020900 0.113000 1.130000 1.481000 0.000037 0.011011 0.651367
0.021000 0.108000 1.080000 1.431000 0.000036 0.011035 0.643477
0.021000 0.104000 1.040000 1.391000 0.000034 0.011060 0.635613
0.021000 0.107000 1.070000 1.421000 0.000034 0.011084 0.627775
0.021000 0.107000 1.070000 1.421000 0.000035 0.011108 0.619964
0.021100 0.102000 1.020000 1.371000 0.000034 0.011133 0.612180
0.021100 0.115000 1.150000 1.501000 0.000035 0.011157 0.604421
0.021100 0.139000 1.390000 1.741000 0.000040 0.011182 0.596689
0.021100 0.149000 1.490000 1.841000 0.000044 0.011206 0.588983
0.021200 0.142000 1.420000 1.771000 0.000044 0.011230 0.581304
0.021200 0.132000 1.320000 1.671000 0.000042 0.011255 0.573650
0.021200 0.132000 1.320000 1.671000 0.000041 0.011279 0.566022
0.021200 0.125000 1.250000 1.601000 0.000040 0.011304 0.558420
0.021300 0.124000 1.240000 1.591000 0.000039 0.011328 0.550844
0.021300 0.125000 1.250000 1.601000 0.000039 0.011353 0.543294
0.021300 0.123000 1.230000 1.581000 0.000039 0.011377 0.535770
0.021300 0.124000 1.240000 1.591000 0.000039 0.011401 0.528271
0.021400 0.124000 1.240000 1.591000 0.000039 0.011426 0.520798
0.021400 0.118000 1.180000 1.531000 0.000038 0.011450 0.513350
0.021400 0.113000 1.130000 1.481000 0.000037 0.011475 0.505927
0.021400 0.113000 1.130000 1.481000 0.000036 0.011499 0.498530
0.021500 0.122000 1.220000 1.571000 0.000037 0.011523 0.491159
0.021500 0.136000 1.360000 1.711000 0.000040 0.011548 0.483812
165
Table C.3 (cont.^
Time Pressiffe Pressiue Pressure Impulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.021500 0.153000 1.530000 1.881000 0.000044 0.011572 0.476491
0.021500 0.152000 1.520000 1.871000 0.000046 0.011597 0.469194
0.021600 0.140000 1.400000 1.751000 0.000043 0.011670 0.447455
0.021600 0.133000 1.330000 1.681000 0.000042 0.011694 0.440259
0.021700 0.136000 1.360000 1.711000 0.000041 0.011719 0.433087
0.021700 0.133000 1.330000 1.681000 0.000041 0.011743 0.425940
0.021700 0.127000 1.270000 1.621000 0.000040 0.011768 0.418817
0.021700 0.125000 1.250000 1.601000 0.000039 0.011792 0.411719
0.021800 0.123000 1.230000 1.581000 0.000039 0.011816 0.404646
0.021800 0.120000 1.200000 1.551000 0.000038 0.011841 0.397597
0.021800 0.120000 1.200000 1.551000 0.000038 0.011865 0.390572
0.021800 0.118000 1.180000 1.531000 0.000038 0.011890 0.383572
0.021900 0.130000 1.300000 1.651000 0.000039 0.011914 0.376595
0.021900 0.142000 1.420000 1.771000 0.000042 0.011938 0.369643
0.021900 0.129000 1.290000 1.641000 0.000042 0.011963 0.362715
0.021900 0.122000 1.220000 1.571000 0.000039 0.011987 0.355812
0.021900 0.112000 1.120000 1.471000 0.000037 0.012012 0.348932
0.022000 0.109000 1.090000 1.441000 0.000036 0.012036 0.342076
0.022000 0.106000 1.060000 1.411000 0.000035 0.012061 0.335243
0.022000 0.104000 1.040000 1.391000 0.000034 0.012085 0.328435
0.022000 0.103000 1.030000 1.381000 0.000034 0.012109 0.321650
0.022100 0.096800 0.968000 1.319000 0.000033 0.012134 0.314889
0.022100 0.093900 0.939000 1.290000 0.000032 0.012158 0.308152
0.022100 0.096300 0.963000 1.314000 0.000032 0.012183 0.301438
0.022100 0.092300 0.923000 1.274000 0.000032 0.012207 0.294747
0.022200 0.091100 0.911000 1.262000 0.000031 0.012231 0.288080
0.022200 0.096600 0.966000 1.317000 0.000031 0.012256 0.281436
0.022200 0.099600 0.996000 1.347000 0.000033 0.012280 0.274816
0.022200 0.098900 0.989000 1.340000 0.000033 0.012305 0.268219
0.022300 0.090700 0.907000 1.258000 0.000032 0.012329 0.261645
0.022300 0.080800 0.808000 1.159000 0.000030 0.012354 0.255093
0.022300 0.072900 0.729000 1.080000 0.000027 0.012378 0.248565
0.022300 0.065900 0.659000 1.010000 0.000026 0.012402 0.242060
0.022400 0.059600 0.596000 0.947000 0.000024 0.012427 0.235578
0.022400 0.054800 0.548000 0.899000 0.000023 0.012451 0.229119
0.022400 0.054300 0.543000 0.894000 0.000022 0.012476 0.222682
0.022400 0.055400 0.554000 0.905000 0.000022 0.012500 0.216268
0.022500 0.059500 0.595000 0.946000 0.000023 0.012524 0.209877
0.022500 0.058200 0.582000 0.933000 0.000023 0.012549 0.203508
0.022500 0.055700 0.557000 0.908000 0.000022 0.012573 0.197162
0.022500 0.052800 0.528000 0.879000 0.000022 0.012598 0.190839
0.022600 0.045400 0.454000 0.805000 0.000021 0.012622 0.184537
166
Table C.3 (cont.)
Time Pressure Pressure Pressiue Impulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.022600 0.039900 0.399000 0.750000 0.000019 0.012647 0.178258
0.022600 0.037300 0.373000 0.724000 0.000018 0.012671 0.172002
0.022700 0.029700 0.297000 0.648000 0.000016 0.012744 0.153365
0.022700 0.028300 0.283000 0.634000 0.000016 0.012769 0.147197
0.022700 0.023700 0.237000 0.588000 0.000015 0.012793 0.141051
0.022800 0.016000 0.160000 0.511000 0.000013 0.012817 0.134926
0.022800 0.015300 0.153000 0.504000 0.000012 0.012842 0.128824
0.022800 0.016500 0.165000 0.516000 0.000012 0.012866 0.122743
0.022800 0.011300 0.113000 0.464000 0.000012 0.012891 0.116685
0.022900 0.006890 0.068900 0.419900 0.000011 0.012915 0.110647
0.022900 0.005730 0.057300 0.408300 0.000010 0.012939 0.104632
0.022900 0.000914 0.009140 0.360140 0.000009 0.012964 0.098638
0.022900 -0.000997 -0.009970 0.341030 0.000009 0.012988 0.092666
0.022900 -0.001080 -0.010800 0.340200 0.000008 0.013013 0.086715
0.023000 -0.005230 -0.052300 0.298700 0.000008 0.013037 0.080785
0.023000 -0.008060 -0.080600 0.270400 0.000007 0.013062 0.074877
0.023000 -0.014200 -0.142000 0.209000 0.000006 0.013086 0.068990
0.023000 -0.014600 -0.146000 0.205000 0.000005 0.013110 0.063124
0.023100 -0.015400 -0.154000 0.197000 0.000005 0.013135 0.057279
0.023100 -0.015800 -0.158000 0.193000 0.000005 0.013159 0.051456
0.023100 -0.015700 -0.157000 0.194000 0.000005 0.013184 0.045654
0.023100 -0.015500 -0.155000 0.196000 0.000005 0.013208 0.039872
0.023200 -0.018600 -0.186000 0.165000 0.000004 0.013232 0.034112
0.023200 -0.021300 -0.213000 0.138000 0.000004 0.013257 0.028372
0.023200 -0.020300 -0.203000 0.148000 0.000003 0.013281 0.022653
0.023200 -0.021800 -0.218000 0.133000 0.000003 0.013306 0.016955
0.023300 -0.019900 -0.199000 0.152000 0.000003 0.013330 0.011278
0.023300 -0.021800 -0.218000 0.133000 0.000003 0.013355 0.005621
0.023300 -0.020200 -0.202000 0.149000 0.000003 0.013379 -0.000015
0.023300 -0.019400 -0.194000 0.157000 0.000004 0.013403 -0.005631
0.023400 -0.017300 -0.173000 0.178000 0.000004 0.013428 -0.011226
0.023400 -0.012500 -0.125000 0.226000 0.000005 0.013452 -0.016801
0.023400 -0.014000 -0.140000 0.211000 0.000005 0.013477 -0.022355
0.023400 -0.008220 -0.082200 0.268800 0.000006 0.013501 -0.027889
0.023500 -0.003070 -0.030700 0.320300 0.000007 0.013525 -0.033403
0.023500 -0.001250 -0.012500 0.338500 0.000008 0.013550 -0.038897
0.023500 0.007890 0.078900 0.429900 0.000009 0.013574 -0.044370
0.023500 0.015500 0.155000 0.506000 0.000011 0.013599 -0.049824
0.023600 0.015000 0.150000 0.501000 0.000012 0.013623 -0.055257
0.023600 0.007310 0.073100 0.424100 0.000011 0.013647 -0.060670
0.023600 0.007310 0.073100 0.424100 0.000010 0.013672 -0.066064
0.023600 0.004240 0.042400 0.393400 0.000010 0.013696 -0.071437
167
Time Pressiu-e Pressure Pressure Impulse Time Pressure
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
0.023700 -0.001500 -0.015000 0.336000 0.000009 0.013721 -0.076791
0.023700 -0.002330 -0.0233 0.327700 0.000008 0.013745 -0.082125
168
APPEISÍDIX D
EVIPULSE CALCULATIONS FOR PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS
169
IMIDDLE REFLECTED PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, SECOND BLAST
tjj := 0.007495sec a := 0.8 PQ := 14.39psi
t
. -a —
I:= 1 dt
I = 0.042 psi-sec
TOP REFLECTED PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, SECOND BLAST
tjj := 0.007007sec a := 0.915 Po := 13.82psi
•M
-a —
I:=
'\-S.' M dt
Po- 'ij
I = 0.036 psisec
MIDDLE REFLECTED PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, FOURTH BLAST
tjj := 0.007520sec a := 0.7220 pQ := 12.18psi
•td
-a —
I:=
"o '•--1 td
dt
I = 0.037 psi-sec
170
TOP REFLECTED PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, FOURTH BLAST
tî := 0.007861sec a := 0.86 PQ := 12.75psi
rM t
-a —
I.= Poil-f •e '"dl
I = 0.038 psi-sec
IVIIDDLE REFLECTED PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, FIFTH BLAST
tjj := 0.0076sec a := 1.127 PQ := 14.39psi
rU
-a —
I:= Po- •e '^dt
I = 0.039 psi-sec
TOP REFLECTED PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, FIFTH BLAST
tjj := 0.0084sec a := 1.76 PQ := 14.05psi
•td
t
-a —
I:= I- — e dt
I = 0.036 psisec
171
FREE FIELD PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, SECOND BLAST
tjj := 0.013379sec a := 1 PQ := 8.38psi
t
I:= Po-
'd
I = 0.041 psi-sec
FREE FIELD PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, FOURTH BLAST
tjj := 0.014136sec a := 0.70 PQ := 6.81psi
rM
-a —
( t^
I:= I e '"dt
I = 0.039 psi-sec
FREE FIELD PRESSURE TRANSDUCER, FIFTH BLAST
tjj := 0.01376sec a := 1.1 p- := 7.83psi
•M t
-a —
I:= Po- 1 - -\ '-d.

ly
I = 0.039 psi-sec
172
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BLAST RESISTANT GLAZING TESTS

STEVEN R. SAMUELS, B.S.C.E.

Submitted to the Graduate Faculty

support throughout my graduate career. He has played an instramental role in my

participating on my committee. Thanks goes to Dr. Heather Norville for providing

editorial commentary on this thesis.

support and faith in me enabled me to accomplish my goals.

Their participation enabled this project to take place.

Glass Constmctions as Blast-Resistant Glazings 6

Blast-Resistant Glazing Design 11

m. RESEARCH EQUIPMENT AND TEST PROCEDURES 13

Blast Reaction Chamber 14

Data Acquisition System 18

PCB Piezoelectric Reflected Pressure Transducer 21

PCB Piezoelectric Free Field Pressure Transducer 22

The eZ-Analyst Using ZonicBook Software 23

Experimentally Determined Results 29

Zero Offset Correction 30

Peak Air Blast Pressure 31

The Wave Form Parameter 32

Ideal Air Blast Pressiu-e-Time History 33

Reflected Pressure Transducers 34

Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer, Second Blast 35

Top Reflected Pressure Transducer, Second Blast 38

Middle Reflected Pressiu-e Transducer, Fourth Blast 41

Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer, Fifth Blast 47

Top Reflected Pressure Transducer, Fifth Blast 49

Free Field Pressure Transducer 52

Free Field Pressure Transducer, Second Blast 52

Free Field Pressure Transducer, Foiulh Blast 54

Free Field Pressure Transducer, Fifth Blast 56

Pressures Acting on the Middle of the Test Specimen 58

Peak Air Blast Pressure 63

Positive Phase Impulse 64

Test Specimen Performance 65

A. SECOND AIR BLAST PRESSURE-TIME HISTORIES AND

C. FEFTH AIR BLAST PRESSURE-TIME HISTORIES 137

D. IMPULSE CALCULATIONS FOR PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS 169

the test specimen.

The blast-resistant glazing consisted of an insulating glass unit fabricated with

specimen remained free of flying or falling glass shard.

4.1 Transducer Sensitivity 30

4.2 Zero Offset Correction Factor 31

A. 1 Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

A.2 Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

A.3 Free Field Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

B. 1 Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

B.2 Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

C. 1 Middle Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

C.2 Top Reflected Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

C.3 Free Field Pressure Transducer Air Blast Pressure-Time History

2.1 Ideal Blast Wave 5

2.2 Duration of Applied Load versus Fracture Stress 10

2.3 Relationship Between Standoff Distance, TNT Charge Size,

And 3-Second Equivalent Design Load 12

3.1 Blast Reaction Chamber with Mounted Specimen 15

3.2 Test Specimen and Glass Frame 16

3.4 Data Acquisition System 19

3.5 PCB Piezoelectric Free Field Pressure Transducer 20

3.6 PCB Piezoelectric Reflected Pressure Transducer 20