STUDENT COPY IBA Name Batch: ENGLISH LECTURE - 03 Part Contents Page REVIEW TEST 03 ot | STRUCTURE AND WRITTENEXPRESSION PRONOUNS ‘SUBJECT PRONOUNS ‘OBJECT PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS RELATIVE PRONOUNS INDEFINITE PRONOUNS ‘COMMON PROBLEMS ON PRONOUN.VERB AGRE! ANTECEDENTS OF PRONOUNS. THE PRONOUNS ONE AND YOU PREFIX AND SUFFIX 02 | TAKE-HOME ASSIGNMENT © VOCABULARY. 2 UST OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS-3 MENTORS” ations study abroadREVIEW TEST Time: 15 min Score: In each gap, write either "MUCH" or "LITTLE" or "MANY" or "FEW". When we got to the beach, people were already there, and we couldn't find a place to sit down. There were a ‘empty spaces near one end of the beach, but they were a long way from the sea, We walked along the beach for a while, but we didn't have fun because we kept bumping into people. Finally, we decided to get back in the car ‘and go down the coast to the next beach, This was much better; there were only a families on the beach, so there was more room to spread out our things. Because we had eaten so food in the car, all we wanted to do was lie down, and after a minutes we were all dozing happily in the sun Identify the one underlined word or phrase A, B, C, or D that should be corrected or rewritten, Write down E if you think there is no error in the sentence, 1. Energy in a tomado is enormous by any set of standards A 8 c D 2. The amount of women earning Master's Degrees has risen sharply in recent years. A 8 c D 3. There is fewer rainfall on the West Coast of the United States than on the East Coast AB e D 4, In 1999 the Hawaii was included in the Union as ihe SOP state, A 8 er 5. Most of the magnesium used in-the United States comes from the sea water. A 8 ° D 6. The Rhode Island is the.smaliest-siate,in.the United States. A 8 c D 7, Most American university degrees are awarded on completion of a specified amount of courses A B that eam students credits or points, c D Fill in the following blanks with the right word from the options below. 1. Over the years, Professor Sogra has mastered the art of leading her subordinates; nobody subordinate to her has any problems with her over them, (A) subordination (8) presence (C) absurdity (D) ascendancy _(E) randomness 2. Honestly, Raihan is no despite achieving so much at such an early age, he prefers to remain ignorant of his fame and recognition. (A) braggart (8) failure (C) saint (©) clairvoyant —_(€) hypochondriac 3. Rafid has been working on his speech day in and day out so that on the day of the finale, he can Use valid logics to his statement. (A) refute (8) bolster (C)repudiate (OD) negate (©) retract 4. Iwas waiting to hear about his adventures but ended up listening to how he survived in a severely area with minimal basic requirements. (A) blighted (8) salacious (C) wholesome (D) cramped (E) narrow 5. She can work for hours without taking rest for even a few minutes; | have never seen a more. person. (A) indolent (B)laidback ——(C) apathetic. (D) assiduous _(E) arrogant Copyright © wewr@Re" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Di 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www. mba Page-3PART - 1: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRONOUNS ‘There are five forms of pronouns in English: subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and relative pronouns. The possessive adjectives, although they are not pronouns, follow similar patterns to the possessive pronouns and will therefore be included in this category. Here is a list where you can observe the different forms each of these pronouns takes according to how we use it. ‘Subject Object Possessive | Possessive | Reflexive Pronouns | Relative Pronouns | Pronouns _| Adjectives _| Pronouns Pronouns, T Me M Mine Myself ‘You ‘You ‘Your Yours: Yourselfvourselves Who He Him His His Himself ‘Whom She Her Her Hers Herself Whose Tt Tt Tis Tis Tiself Which We Us. Our ‘Ours ‘Ourselves. That The} Them Their Theirs Themselves ‘SUBJECT PRONOUNS ‘The subject pronoun is used: (i) When itis the subject of a verb f We ‘She went6 LOs"Angeles You You We, the gontestants, were Searched. He/Sherlt They (id After the verb "to 6” Itis he in the piture: (formal) It’s him in the pietore (informal It could not have been they under the circumstances: (formal) It could not have been them under the circumstances. (informal) (ii) When the subjects of two clauses are compared We are better than they (are) at baseball You speak louder than | (do) (iv) After “as” and “that” whenever they inliate clauses or comparisons between subjects They say that she controls him. He is not as resourceful as she (is). ‘OBJECT PRONOUNS: Me Us The object pronoun is used: You You () when itis the direct object of a verb HimiHeriit Them She gave him her card. We saw her in class (ii) when the objects of two clauses are compared ‘She worries about you more than him. ‘The office staff helped you more than (they helped) me. (ii) after prepositions Tanvir studies English with us. It did not sound like a good idea to me. NN. B.If the preposition introduces a new clause, a subject pronoun must be used because it is the subject of the new clause We left after she called. Copyright © Mew7@Re" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 9959796 www. mba Page-4Exercise 1: Choose the correct subject/object pronoun. 1. Jawaad is heavier than me/l 2. Itmust be herishe. 3. Bobby and Ime went to the movies. 4, She is not as fast as he/him. 5. Itwas theyithem who told us. 6 7. 8 8 1 Could you please explain this exercise to her/she? Mushfig sat between Sajid and l/me. He understands her better than himvhe. He told Mary and mefl about his trip. 10. She gets along with him better than mel POssessivE ADJECTIVES My our ‘The possessive adjective is used: Your Your Po " His/Herlts Their (i) to indicate ownership by modifying a noun My picture is on the card. He left his books on the table. (ii) to modify a gerund The teacher was irritated at my whispering in class. We were surprised at her going on a trip alone. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Mine Ours Yours Yours ‘The possessive pronoun is used HisiHers/its. Theirs () To replace a possessive adjective + noun. Instead of saying "This BOK Ts Miy BOOK," We 88 ‘Our car is big, and theirs (their car) is small His score was good but hers (her score) was better (ii) After the preposition “of,” when it indicates “one of several” Jamie is a colleague of mine. (one of several colleagues) “That BOOK Te Mire.” (li) After the verb “to be” That essay is mine. Is this watch yours? (iv) To replace the second adjective + noun when comparing two objects His grades are better than hers (her grades). Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjective/ possessive pronoun’ 4. The dog wags __ tail when it’s happy. 2. Her mothers very warm and I loved ____cooking 3. Tknow Jon. He was __ classmate at college. 4, Bob wants you to return that book of __which you borrowed last month. 5. We had a test too, but yours was harder than__. 6. Iwas on time for my class but Jane was late for 7. We have several trees in _ garden, 8. We've already had lunch. Have youhad___? 8, We have got our tickets. Do they have. 2 10. He was verynice and | appreciated calling me. Copyright © wewr@Re" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Di 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www. mba Page-5REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (sometimes called Emphatic Pronoun) The reflexive pronoun is used: ()_Astthe object of a verb when the subject and the object are the same person She served herself in the cafeteria, He cut himself while shaving. (i) For emphasis. It follows the subject verb before a preposition and means the subject did the action alone. | looked myself for the missing documents. Myself ‘Ourselves Otherwise it goes at the end of the sentence Yourself Yourselves. I made this sweater myself You told me yourself. Himselffherselfiself Themselves (ii) After the preposition “by.” It means that the subject did the action alone. She likes to shop by herself Little Sam has learned to eat by himself Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronoun The director Be careful not to cuts with that knife. Shelives by 0 The children decorated:the auditorium 2 os = We promised that We would win the mateh for our supporters, The cat defended _. ‘againstthe big dog, ‘They are going to paint the house by. ___ issued the warning, My brother always ignored me and let me play by _ Being there when it counts is in_ 10. He always rides the rickshaw by. RELATIVE PRONOUNS ‘your greatest gift to me, The relative pronouns in English are “who" “whom,” ‘whose," “which,” and “that,” Pronoun Use Who People + household animals Whom People + household animals Which Things That ‘All nouns Whose All nouns Who: Refers to persons and household animals Whom: Refers to persons and household animals. Its used in the complement position (abject) In formal written English; otherwise “who: +preposition is used To whom were you talking? (formal written) Who were you talking to ? (spoken) Copyright © Mew7@Re" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 9959796 www. mba Page-6Whose: Refers to animals, people, and things and indicates possession. Which: Refers to things, collective nouns, and animals, That: Refers to people, things, and animals that have already been mentioned. Note: The use of which and that is often interchangeable, but sometimes there's a difference: ‘Sam's car, which he recently bought, is now in the garage. ‘Sam's car that he recently bought is now in the garage. The first suggests that Sami has only one car and it is now in the garage. The second sentence suggests that Sami may have multiple cars. The phrase “that he recently bought” is known as a restrictive clause because another part of the sentence (Sami's car) depends on it. You will learn more about clauses in the coming lectures. Reference books will agree that the word "that" should be used to introduce restrictive clauses. In the sentence you give us, "which was twenty years old” is not a restrictive clause. We can remove it without changing the essential meaning of the sentence: The car was in amazingly good condition.” ‘The added information, the nonrestrictive clause, is properly introduced by "which," but we need commas to set it off: "The car, which was twenty years old, was in amazingly good condition.” When which introduces a nonrestrictive clause, you will use a comma before it. Exercise 4: Correct the relative pronouns where necessary: 4, The gold that you saw was mined from the sea. Itwas your schoo! counselor whom called you The devastation which the tomado had brought about was unbelievable Some scientists believe that the Ameritas were populated by groups of Siberian hunters which crossed the Bering Strait Our office, which has twe’ boardrooms, is located in Dhaka. | work in the Khulna branch. The student whose paper you have réadis sitting there: | would return this book tots Fghtful owrier But" forgot whic BOOK ES. The doctor whom was treating my brother, who I've not spoken to for years, recently died Did you find the book which you were looking for? We are going to see Silence of the Lambs, that is my favorite flm, next Thursday. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. Up to now we have discussed about pronouns that refer to specific nouns and these nouns are easily identifiable. Now we shall study a list of Indefinite Pronouns, which do not have any particular noun to refer to ‘Any no many, several anybody nobody somebody anyone no one someone INDEFINITE anything nothing something PRONOUNS every each everybody everyone everything one, few either neither some, all For example: Somebody has stolen my pen. Here, the pronoun somebody refers to no particular noun: it just gives us the idea that the subject is an unknown person. Copyright © wewr@Re" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Di 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www. mba Page-7PRONOUN VERB AGREEMENT © Asingular verb and a singular possessive adjective must be used with indefinite pronouns: Everyone has his own viewpoint. ‘Somebody has left his coat on the chair. ‘Anyone is welcome to enjoy our hospitality Neither of the girls loves me. Indefinite pronouns are singular; however, in informal spoken English, a plural possessive adjective is often used with an indefinite pronoun: Everyone has their own viewpoint. ‘Somebody has left their coat on the chair. HOWEVER, THIS RULE IS NOT APPLICABLE FOR YOUR ADMISSION TESTS. + “Each/every" refers to a number of persons or number of things considered individually, and is followed by a singular verb and possessive adjective: Every applicant must-send-his photographvin. Each car must have its registration number listed. ANTECEDENTS OF PRONOUNS ‘= if a pronoun is used in.a sentence, there must be-a noun of the same person and number before it = There must be one, and only one, antecedent to which the pronoun refers, Incorrect: Henry was denied admission to graduate school because they did not believe that he could handle the workload, (The pronoun they does not have an antecedent in the sentence. The graduate school is a singular unit, and the members of its faculty are not mentioned.) Correct: The members of the admissions committee denied Henry admission to graduate school because they did not believe that he could handle the workload. (In this sentence, they refer to members.) oR Henry was denied admission to graduate school because the members of the admissions committee did not believe that he could handle the workload. (Here the noun is given instead of the pronoun.) Incorrect: George dislikes poltics because he believes that they are corrupt. (The pronoun they does not have an antecedent in this sentence. The word politics is singular, so they cannot refer to it) George dislikes politics because he believes that politicians are corrupt. oR George dislikes politicians because he believes that they are corrupt. Copyright © wewr@Re" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Di 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www.Incorrect: Mr. Brown told Mr. Adams that he would have to work al night in order to finish the repor. (Its not clear whether the pronoun he refers to Mr. Brown or Mr. Adams.) Correct: According to Mr. Brown, Mr. Adams wil have to work all night in order to finish the report. OR Mr. Brown said that, in order to finish the report, Mr. Adams would have to work all night. Incorrect: Janet visited her friend every day while she was on vacation. (The pronoun she could refer to either Janet or her friend.) Correct: While Janet was on vacation, she visited her friend every day. Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences so that each pronoun has a clear antecedent. If 10. you have to supply a noun, use any noun that will make the sentence correct. The dispute between the faculty and the adi working conditions. ‘Salma spotted her friend as she walked toward the Student Union Foreigners are easily impressed by the bullfighters as they march into arena. Both Wais and Ershad wanted to watch Kung Fu Panda 3, though he had already watched it. In their spare time, many great books have been written about the famous Greek and Roman heroes, Dr. Byrd's book was accepted for publication because they thought it would be beneficial to students Messi missing the loose-cross-made-by Ronaldo made-him realy ang. Robert bought a plant for Jimmy before |he'left for Kashani. =) Cena eeaegeeng)at t a reviews for the film,» FPmaerai 5 Both Antony and Caesar loved Cleopatra but she only. loved him, istration was not resolved until they got better ‘THE PRONOUNS ONE AND YOU If one (meaning a person in general) is used in a sentence, a subsequent pronoun referring to the same person must also be one or he. if you is used, the subsequent pronoun must also be you.Heor ‘you can be in the possessive, complement, or reflexive case. NOTE: Many times itis considered more appropriate to use he or she and similar expression so that the masculine pronoun is not used exclusively. Ione takes this exam without studying one is likely to fail. If one takes this exam without studying he is likely to fail. One should always do one's homework, One should always do his homework Copyright © MENT ORE’ 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www.mentors.combd Page-9{you take this exam without studying you are likely to fal You should always do your homework NOTE: It is NEVER CORRECT to say: Ione takes this exam without studying you are likely to fail. If one takes this exam without studying they are likely to fail PREFIX dis- Dis- means “apart” or “away.” Examples: Meanings The boys dissected the frog. The boys took the frog apart. She dissented from the majority opinion. ‘She voted apart from the majority opinion The employer dismissed the staff member. The employer sent the staff member away. The materials dissipated. ‘The materials separated or moved away from each other. Hes a dissident. His ideas are apart from those of the majorly dys- The prefix dys- means “bad,” “faulty,” “dificulty,” or “lines Examples, Meanings He was suffering from dysentery. He was suffering from an lines of the large Intestin Too has dyslexia. Joo has difficulty reading The doctor has treated Jane for dysphasia The doctor has treated Jane for difficuly in swallowing. Many children in that country have died from Many children in thal country have died trom bad dystrophy. nutrition or illness caused by lack of proper nutrition, eu- The prefix eu- means “good “well.” I's the opposite of the prefix dys- Examples, Meanings Tim gave a beautiful eulogy about Glenn. Tim gave a beautiful statement about the good things Glenn has done. He tried fo think of an appropriate euphemism to | He tried to think of an appropriate good substitute lessen the impact of his words. expression to lessen the impact of his words. “The doctor says his dyspepsia has been replaced | The doctor says his dyspepsia has been replaced by eupepsia. by good digestion This instrument provides @ euphonious sound, | This instrument provides good, or pleasing, sound. ex. The prefix ex- means “out.” “out of,” or “from, Copyright © MEW7@Re" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www.mentors.combd POge-I0Examples, He emitted a low sound. (The xis deleted before the m.) He sent outa low sound. They expelied the unruly students, Thay drove out, or removed, the unruly students from the institution, “The doctor asked him to exhale slowly. The doctor asked him to breathe out slowly. That organ exorefes waste. That organ sends out waste, They exculpated him Thay showed that he was wilhoul blame. ine Before /, m, or r, the 1 of this prefix becomes the same as the first consonant of the word. The prefix ‘n-has two meanings. The first meaning is “not. Examples, Meanings Jim knew his aclions ware legal. Jim knew Fis aclions were not legal The amount of poisonous gas was insignificant. "The amount of poisonous gas was not significant He suffered from an irregular heartbeat He suffered from a heartbeat that was nof regular. Bruce's actions were immoral. Bruce's actions were not moral The counci’s decision was impossible to understand. The council's decision was not possible to understand, or comprehend. The second meaning of the prefix in-is “in,” “int Examples, Meanings: The doctor injected him with an antibioti; Ths doctor forced an antibiotic info his body with a syringe, This countty imporfs @ large amount af grain fram overseas, This country Brings in @ large amount of grain from overseas. (lmport is the opposite of export.) They need to Muminate the field better. They need to put more light on the field She tried to introduce a new topic. She tried to bring a new topic info the discussion. SUFFIX Verb Endings ‘The endings -en and -ize normally indicate that the word is a verb. The suffixes -en and -ize are normally added to nouns or adjectives to make verbs. Root ‘Suffix Verb. Haste “en Hasten awaken, harden, flatten, shorten, heighten, enlighten, weaken, hearten, darken, strengthen. Standard “ize ‘Standardize authorize, legalize, criticize, rationalize, intellectualize, symbolize, neutralize, centralize, summarize, ‘emphasize, visualize, mobilize, categorize, stabilize, ‘economize, and terrorize, Copyright © MEWr@Re" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 9959796 www.mentors.combd Page-11PART TAKE-HOME EXERCISE Find out the best alternative. 1. 1. Hello Henry, Kate, Peter. Help to some food and I'l be with you in a moment. (A) you (8) yours (C) yoursett (0) yourselves 2. Astudent of —- has just been to see me. (A) your (8) yours (C) yourself (0) you 3. Her parents were in Malaya, So were (A) mine (6) your (c)my (D) myself 4, The cal caught -— {ail n the door. (adits (8) itso (Cyits (it 5, When Sally won the lottery, she pinched ~~ to make sure she wasn't dreaming. (A) hers. (B) herself (C) her (D) himself 6, ---in the village went to the party but ~~ enjoyed it very much (A) Someone/ no one (B) Nobody/ no one (C) Everyone no body (0) Everyone! somebody 7. Wiliam Shakespeare is —- who I have always admired, (A) someone (8) no one (C) everyone (P) anyone 8. You mustn't blame —-, You are the guilty one. (A) yourself (B) me (C) myself (0) you 9. Almost no fiend of -~- came to the funeral (A) her (8) myself (C) theirs (0) them 410, It's partly finished. There is -— left. (A) nothing (B) everything (C) anything (0) something Choose the best relative pronoun to complete each sentence. If there is none required, put "X". 4, twas Robbin gave me the old map; he had found it in an old junk shop. 2. Myuncle apologized for his insult, we accepted gracefully. 3, Asif put the keys down on the table ‘was in the kitchen, 4. Much your father left in his willis going to your mother. 5. Unfortunately, the car hit the dog ove so much and it was killed. 6. The car, owner was arrested by the police, has been parked there ever since. 7. There are several reasons for the closure of the school, most of. have already been explained fully. 8. This was the room we first met and spoke. Do you remember? Copyright © MEWrORe" 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 9959796 www.mentors.combd Page-12Vocabulary Section LIST OF VOCABULARY - 3 commemorate V. honor the memory of. The statue of the Minute Man commemorates the valiant soldiers who fought in the Revolutionary War. compile V. assemble; gather; accumulate, We planned to compile a list of the words most frequently used on SAT examinations, complacency N. solf-satisfaction; smugness. Full of complacency about his latest victories, he looked smugly at the row of trophies on his mantelpiece. complacent, ADJ. complementary ADJ. serving to complete something. John and Lisa's skills are complementary: he's good at following a daily routine, while she's great at improvising and handling emergencies. Together they make great team. compliance N. readiness to yield} conformity in fulflling requirements, Bylheadéd, Bill) was; not noted for easy compliance with the demands of others. As an architeet, however, Bill recognized that his design: for=the=new: ‘school had to be in compliance with the local building code composure N. mental calmness. Even the latest work crisis failed to shake her composure. comprehensive ADJ. thorough; inclusive. This book provides a comprehensive review of verbal and math skills for the SAT. compress V. close; squeeze; contract. She compressed the package under her arm. concede V. admit; yield. Despite all the evidence Monica had assembled, Mark refused to concede that she was right. conciliatory ADJ. reconciling; soothing. She was stil angry despite his conciliatory words. conellate, V. concise ADJ. brief and compact. When you define a new word, be concise: the shorter the definition, the easier itis to remember. concur V. agree. Did you concur with the decision of the court or did you find it unfair? condone V. overlook; forgive; give tacit approval; excuse. Unlike Widow Douglass, who condoned Huck’s minor offenses, Miss Watson did nothing but scold conflagration N. great fire. Inthe conflagration that followed the 1906 earthquake, much of San Francisco was destroyed. confluence N. flowing together; crowd. They built the city at the confluence of two rivers. confound V. confuse; puzzle. No mystery could confound Sherlock Holmes for long. conjecture y. surmise; guess. I's all conjectures; you can't really prove anything. conserisuis N. general agreement. Every time the.garden clubymembers had nearly reached @ cofisensus about what to plant, Mistress Maryquite contrary, disagreed. ‘constraint™=Ne-compulsion; repression of feelings. There was a feeling of constraint in the room because no one dared to criticize the speaker. constrain, V contend V. struggle; compete; assert earnestly. Sociologist Harry Edwards contends that young black athletes are exploited by some college recruiters. contentious ADJ. quarrelsome. Disagreeing violently with the referees’ ruling, the coach became so contentious that they threw him out of the game. contract V. compress or shrink; make a pledge; catch a disease. Warm metal expands; cold metal contracts. converge V. approach; tend to meet; come together. African-American men from all over the United States converged on Washington to take part in the historic Million Men march, conviction N. judgment that someone is guilty of a crime; strongly held belief. Even her Copyright © MENTORS” 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www.ment scombd Page-13,conviction for murder did not shake Peter's conviction that Harriet was innocent of the crime, cordial ADJ. gracious; heartfelt. Our hosts greeted us at the airport with a cordial welcome and a hearty hug, corroborate V. confirm; support. Though Huck was quite willing to corroborate Tom's story, ‘Aunt Polly knew better than to believe either of them. corrode V. destroy by chemical action. The girders supporting the bridge corroded so ‘gradually that no one suspected any danger Until the bridge suddenly collapsed. corrosion, N. credulity N. belief on slight evidence; gullbility; naivete. Con artists take advantage of the credulity of inexperienced investors to ‘swindle them out of their savings. credulous, ADA. creed N. system of religious: or-ethical: belie. ‘Any loyal American's creed) must] emphasize love of democracy. cryptic ADJ. mysterious; “hidden; secret. Thoroughly baffled by Holmies’s’ Cofyplic remarks, Watson wondered=whether:Holmes: was intentionally concealing his thoughts about the crime. culpable ADJ. deserving blame. Corrupt Politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally culpable. cursory ADJ. casual; hastily done. Because a cursory examination of the ruins indicates the Possibility of arson, we believe the insurance agency should undertake @ more extensive investigation of the fire's cause, curtail V. shorten; reduce. When Herb asked Diane for a date, she said she was really sorry she couldn't go out with him, but her dad had ordered her to curtail her social life. debilitate V. weaken; enfeeble. Michael's severe bout of the flu debilitated him so much that he was too tired to go to work for a week debunk V. expose as false, exaggerated, worthless, etc; ridicule. Pointing out that he consistently had voted against strengthening anti-pollution legislation, reporters debunked the candidate's claim that he was a fervent environmentalist. decorum N. propriety; orderliness and good taste in manners. Even the best-mannered students have trouble behaving with decorum ‘on the last day of school. decorous, ADJ. doference-N.courteous regard for another's Wisht: In| deference {0 the minister's request, please, do spotstake photographs during the wedding sérvice degradation! [N.o humiliation; debasement; dageneration=Some secretaries object to fetching the boss a cup of coffee because they resent the degradation of being made to do such lowly tasks. degrade, V. dehydrate V. remove water from; dry out, Running under a hot sun quickly dehydrates the body; joggers soon leam to carry water bottles and to drink from them frequently. Copyright © MENTORS” 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www.ment combd Page-14LIST OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS - 3 Got off the ground Get on Get over Get rid of Get under way Give away Give (someone) a cold shoulder Give a hand Give a hand (with) Go easy on Go on (with) Gowith = Gowithout saying = Grow up = Hand in = Hand out = Hang on = Hard to come by = Have on = Have one’s hands full = Have a heart = Have a hunch = Have a word with (somédhe) = Have the time of one's life = Hear firsthand (from) = Hear from = Hear of = Hititoff = Hitthe road = Hold on (to) = Hold stl = Hold up = Inhot water = Inthe dark = Inthe tong run = Inno time = Inanutshell = Inthe same boat = Inperson = Instore = Iron out = Join the club = Jump to conclusions = Keep an eye on = Keep an eye out (for) = Keep on (with) = Keep track of = Keep up (with) Start to be successful Board (a vehicle) Recover from (a disease) Discard; no longer have Begin; start Distribute (for free) ‘Act unfriendly toward someone; ignore Applaud; clap Assist Not punish severely Continue (1) accompany; (2) look good together; complement (for example, two artcies of clothing) Be clear; be obvious To mature; to become an adult Give back to; return Distribute Wait Difficult go find Wear Be very busy; have a challenging job Be compassionate; show mercy Have an-intulive feeting Talk to Someon briefly Have fun; have a great time Gellinforrvation directly from someone Be.contacted by. be in.touch with Know about; be familiar with Become friendly (especially ata frst meeting) Leave, go away Grasp Not move Delay In trouble Not knowing; confused Over a long period of time Very soon; very quickly in summary, in brief In the same situation; having the same problem Face to face (not by telephone, letter, ec.) In the future; coming up Solve (a problem) Have the same problem Form opinions without sufficient evidence Watch; take care of; look after Look for Continue Know where something or someone is Maintain the same speed as + Killtime "Spend time doing unimportant things (before an appointment) = Know like the back of one's hand Be very familiar with Copyright © MENTORS” 2020-21 IBA (BBA) Eng-3 Dial: 9131828, 9348059, 8959796 www.ment scombd Page-15|