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Running head: EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 1

Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Articles

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 2

Evaluation of Qualitative and Quantitative ArticlesIntroduction

Most medical practitioners use research journals to answer specific questions about their practices,
enhance the quality of care, derive new research questions, amend health policy, aswell as to solve
problems. Professionals who confront questions about practices and policiesrequire robust and best
evidence-based research. There has been a growing emphasis onevidence-based practice (EBP) to
validate medical decision-making. Grove, Burns, & Gray(2013) define EBP as the thorough integration of
the optimal research evidence with medicalexpertise, patient value, cost-efficient health care, and the
provision of high-quality care. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the quantitative and
qualitative peer reviewedarticles. The key goal is to simplify the terminology and the processes of the
research for thenovice audience to better comprehend the concepts involved. Working in the health
care facilityrequires nurses to be acquainted with the research in a manner that enlightens their daily
practice(Parahoo, 2014). As such, they end up benefitting from the discussion that helps them
tounderstand the sequence of a research article that uses qualitative and quantitative designs.

Quantitative Research ArticleArticle

Sand

Jecklin, K., & Sherman, J. (2014). A quantitative assessment of patientand nurse outcomes of bedside
nursing report implementation.

Journal ofclinical nursing

23

(19-20), 2854-2863.

BackgroundInformation

This article seeks to describe the research study conducted to determine thevarious benefits generated
from bedside nursing shift report. Enhancing theeffectiveness of quality communication is one of the
patient safety goals. Thearticle incorporates an abstract that includes different aspects of the research

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 3study.

Review ofLiterature
 Numerous sources were reviewed by the authors to establish the need for theresearch and to stress the
purpose of implementing shift report to a unifiedtechnique of bedside nurse change handoff and to
assess the new approachconcerning nurse and patient satisfaction and how it affects patient safety.
Thereview of the literature on nursing bedside report was centered on the processof implementing
bedside report which sought to describe the experiencesrelated to the implementation and clarifying
how health care providers canenact this change and the methods of enhancing the process of bedside
report.All sources used were useful to the topic and the citations within the articlewere references
appropriately.

Methodology

The quasi-experimental pre and post-implementation study techniques wereused to carry out research.
Seven surgical divisions at the hospital executed amix of documented and bedside nursing report. The
sampling technique usedwas found to be cost efficient and requiring less time.

Data Analysis

The authors were able to study patients, and caregivers' satisfaction, treatmentinaccuracies, overtime
nursing, and patient falls. The baseline data wascollected while using "the patient judgment of nursing
care' survey tool whichwas adapted by Larrabee. The survey tool incorporated at least 17 items withfive-
point response options that analyzed the nurses' behavior, includingtreating patients kindheartedly and
with respect, listening, teaching, andcommunicating to patients about their care, passing patient
information duringhandoff, including the patient's in their report discussions, etc. The patient

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 4sample targeted were identified through
circulating letters to patients who had been admitted to the facility for 48 hours and were ready to be
discharged fromsurgical units during the period of data collection baseline.An online survey was also
conducted on nurses to gauge their perception onshift report. The study was based on the literature
that emphasized on identified benefits and drawbacks of bedside report. Likewise, baseline data was
gatheredto evaluate the patient falls during the hand-off process, medication errors, andcaregivers over
time.

Conclusion

The results of the study showed that there was a tremendous improvementduring post implementation
which was impacted by the shift in bedside report.It also revealed a decrease in patient falls from 20 to
13 during before and afterimplementation. The nurse's over time showed no substantial shift between
thestarting point and the post-implementation period. The authors then concludedseveral positive
findings of the implementation of blended bedside handoffreport. The paper includes information on
the sampling and study design thatwas easy to read. Statistical evidence is demonstrated in a manner
that isconcise and properly defined. The implications and the results are discussedopenly and
objectively.

Researcher’s Conclusion

The overall results indicated decreased patient falls during the shift as well as medicationerrors at 12
weeks post-implementation of the new system of reporting. At the same time, anincreased nurse
accountability, patient safety concerns, and patient involvement in care were

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 5noted. These findings were found to be
compatible with the conclusion as patient safety is anessential component of quality care.

Protection and Consideration

As a way to protect the human participants, where patients were found to be unable tocomplete survey
forms, their family members were encouraged to take part in the study.Similarly, when the researchers
collected the survey forms, they were sealed in an envelope to

protect the participants’ identity and boost confidentiality.

Strengths and Limitations

The study generated several strengths. Numerous positive results were documented due to blending
recorded and bedside reports at the university hospital. Similarly, nurses perceivedincreased
accountability, patient participation in care, as well as prevention of patient safetyissues due to the
execution of bedside report. Despite the strengths, various limitations wereidentified during the study.
One was that a convenient sample was used to identify patients whowere waiting to be discharged and
caregivers whose home-based component was a medical,surgical unit. Secondly, both the patients and
the nurses reported some degree of inconsistencieswhile using the mixed bedside reporting process.

Evidence Application

Based on the evidence, it is clear to say that facilitating the mixed approach of both recordedand
bedside handoff report will most likely increase and improve patient perception ofinteraction among
caregivers, patient safety, and patient participation in care. This approach mayalso significantly affect
medication errors, and patient falls during the process of handoff.Besides, further studies on
measurable results of mixed documented and bedside handoff report
EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 6are demanded in all functions of care
amenities to offer supplementary records of greatest practices with regards to shift change reports.

Qualitative Research ArticleArticle

Slatore, C. G., Hansen, L., Ganzini, L., Press, N., Osborne, M. L., Chesnutt, M.S., & Mularski, R. A. (2012).
Communication by nurses in the intensive careunit: a qualitative analysis of domains of patient-centered
care.

American Journal of Critical Care

21

(6), 410-418.

BackgroundInformation

The article was designed to carry out qualitative analysis on nurses’

communication to patients. It is believed that in patient-centered care, effectivecommunication is an

essential element and facilitator. Caregivers engage in aninteraction with patients and their relatives
while in the ICU. The significance ofunderstanding, analyzing, and applying research becomes crucial
when so mucheffort is put on professional responsibility and ability. The article includes anabstract to
summarize the main features of the study. However, backgroundinformation is included which clearly
demonstrates the importance of effectivecommunication in patient-centered facilities.

Review ofLiterature

The review of literature focused on two overlapping areas that steered interaction behaviors that
emanated from nurses' responsibility while in the ICU. Theleading area of interest was caregivers felt
that their primary responsibility is toact as an intermediary between the physician and the patient and
their families.The second element was that nurses are or are not willing to discuss patientinformation
with them and their families. Under the review of the literature, theresearcher was able to discuss what
is known about understanding nurses'

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 7communication in particular domains,

establish the significance of theinvestigation, identify gaps in knowledge, as well as situate the study
contained by the existing body of study.

Methodology
The study utilized multiple cases and the prospective research designs. Thesedesigns were relevant as
they allowed the researcher to explore the bigger pictureof the situation and develop theories, establish
deficiencies, and make a judgment of the current practices. The study was carried out in a medical
ICUunit with a twenty-six-bed capacity. The sample of the patient was targeted onICU patients with the
end-stage liver disease. About 320 hours of interactions inthe ICU as well as 50 interviews with 30
nurses, were reviewed to evaluatecommunication interaction into five patient-centered care realms.

Data Analysis

The data analysis and collection were focused on human experiences. The datacollected reported that
nurses supported the significance of shared responsibility, power, and therapeutic alliance themes;
however, they had limitedcommunication interactions in these areas. The authors further stated that
thenurses' roles directly influenced communication behaviors as intermediaries ofinformation between
physicians and the patients with their relatives and whatthey are and are not eager to discuss with the
parties concerned. The interviewsused helped to control its content and to increase accuracy in the
results.

Conclusion

The authors concluded that critical care coupled with high-qualitycommunication is a collective power.
As such, being aware of how caregiversenter into contact with patients in ICU can help improve future
patient-centered

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 8care communication practices. All key
evidence related to the original purpose ofthe research are discussed in relation to whether the data
promotes or negates theresearch question. It is clear that the article describes the nurses' experiences
inclinical practice. The researchers' findings were accurate and were found torelate to the data
collected. Similarly, the process of obtaining results was clearand appropriate to the study. It is evident
that the investigator was mindful of hisown knowledge and assumptions.

Researche

r’s Conclusion

The researchers concluded that communication is an essential tool for understanding hownurses and
patients with their families engage in specific environments while at the ICU in patient-centered
facilities. These interactions are deemed essential to help improve patient-centered communication in
care centers. This conclusion relates systematically and logically tothe researcher's aim addressed as
well as the evidence. It clearly outlines the experiences of
nurses’ interactions with patient

s and their families. The evidence established a high influence

with the nurses’ role as the intermediaries of information between physicians and the patients

which presented an accurate association with the conclusion. While reading through the paper, itcan be
observed that there were no alterations attempted to fit predetermined notions.

Protection and Consideration

The data collection design mostly focuses on human subjects. The data collection utilizedinterviews
which were found to be an appropriate method in qualitative and descriptive design asit concentrated
on human subjects. To protect the human subjects, each patient-centered care

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 9domain was categorized as per their
uniqueness. As such, the researchers sought to understandthe patients' unique personalities outside of
their ailment.

Strengths and Limitations

The research had various significant advantages. The key strength was from the fact thatsevere
qualitative design was used and the analysis was clearly monitored by a theoreticalmethod to facilitate
an extensive and organized assessment and generate findings in a mannerthat can enhance future
studies and interventions. Likewise, since observations were conductedon only six patients, about 315
hours of ICU communication interaction and 50 completeinterviews were observed to perform an in-
depth analysis (Slatore et al., 2012). A 98 percent of participation from the caregivers guaranteed less
risk of partiality response (Slatore et al., 2012).The study also featured various drawbacks. First, the
study was carried out in a teachinghospital among patients suffering from the ESLD. Thus, the results are
less likely to apply toother patient population and settings. Secondly, there may be interaction
differences between thenurses working during the day with those working at night, because, when the
night shift nurseswere cross-examined, the interaction with patients and families was not observed.

Evidence Application

The findings suggest that communication is an essential element in a patient-centered carefacility. The
patient-centered facility is a critical care unit that requires collaborative efforts thattake the lead of all
services and know-how provided by a team of the intensive care unitcommunity. It is crucial to note that
the research does not automatically substantiate a point buthighlights an issue that requires further
studies.
EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 10

Conclusion

Research articles undergo many review process to ensure that academic criterions arefulfilled. A
methodical approach to analyzing and critiquing a research article serves animportant role of
interpreting evidence into policies and practice. It is believed that every nurse possesses this skill.

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ARTICLES 11

References

Burton, M. A., & Ludwig, L. J. M. (2014).

Fundamentals of nursing care: concepts, connections& skills

. FA Davis.Grove, S. K., Burns, N., & Gray, J. (2013).

The practice of nursing research: Appraisal,Synthesis, and generation of evidence

. Elsevier Health Sciences.Parahoo, K. (2014).

Nursing research: principles, process, and issues

. Palgrave Macmillan.Sand

Jecklin, K., & Sherman, J. (2014). A quantitative assessment of patient and nurseoutcomes of bedside
nursing report implementation.

Journal of clinical nursing

23

(19-20), 2854-2863.Slatore, C. G., Hansen, L., Ganzini, L., Press, N., Osborne, M. L., Chesnutt, M. S., &
Mularski,R. A. (2012). Communication by nurses in the intensive care unit: a qualitative analysisof
domains of patient-centered care.

American Journal of Critical Care

,

21

(6), 410-418.Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3992836/

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