Unit 2.

Leisure time
Topic 1: peripheral vision in sports
1.range (n) area (phạm vi, khoảng cách, vùng)
Ex: Peripheral vision refers to what we see near the boundaries of our visual range.
2.Maneuver  /məˈnuː.vər/ (n) a movement (sự vận động, di chuyển, điều động )
Ex: Detecting and keeping track of as much motion as possible while performing physical maneuvers is quite a
feat.
3.performance(n) how well a person or machine does something (sự thực hiện)
Ex: The team gave an excellent performance at last night's game.
4.anticipate(v) to expect; be ready for something to happen (lường trước, dè trừng)
Ex: Good footwork and body positioning will help the athlete gain viewing time in this intense environment,
improving the opportunity to anticipate what will happen next.
5.detect(v) to notice, become aware of (dò ra, nhận thấy)
Ex: The fast-moving athlete must detect all kinds of motion from every angle and never lose concentration.
6.Indiscernibly /ˌɪn.dɪˈsɜː.nə.bli/ (adv) in a way that is impossible to see or notice (không phân biệt được, không
thấy rõ)
Ex: Everything that catches the athlete's attention cases the eyes to pause almost indiscernibly as they gather a
quick view of focused detail.
7.indistinct(adj) unclear (không rõ ràng)
Ex: Focusing our eyes on one object only will cause that object to look indistinct.
8.unconsciously(adv) without thinking, automatically (bất tỉnh, không có ý thức)
Ex: We unconsciously accept it.
9.athlete(n) a person who plays sports (vận động viên)
Ex: Poor lighting and confusing color combinations on uniforms can have a negative effect on an athlete's
performance.
10.boundary(n) an edge, border (giới hạn, biên giới, ranh giới)
Ex: A volleyball player must pay attention to body positioning in relation to the speed and angle of the moving
ball as well as to the court boundaries.
11.Peripheral  /pəˈrɪf.ər.əl/(adj) at the edge (thuộc ngoại vi, chu vi, thứ yếu
Ex: We tolerate this large outlying field of blur, this peripheral view, without taking note.
12.scan(v) to look over (quan sát, nhìn qua, quét)
Ex: He raised his binoculars to scan the coast.
13.tolerate(v) to accept, allow (chịu đựng, tha thứ, khoan dung)
Ex: Athletes need to be able tp tolerate a high level of action around them.
14.coordinate(v) to organize; make work together (phối hợp, đồng hàng)
Ex: An athlete must coordinate physical skill with sharp vision to play a game well.
15.Blur  /blɜːr/ (n) something not seen clearly (lờ mờ, mập mờ)
Ex: This is added to the rapid blurs that occur as the athlete's eyes move in and out of focus on specific objects.
16.vision(n) the ability to see; sight (thị giác, sự nhìn)
Ex: Good vision is important for playing sports well.
17.complicate(v) to cause to be more difficult (làm phức tạp, rắc rối)
Ex: The need to pay attention to many things at once complicates the game for an athlete.
18.focus(v) to center attention on one object; concentrate (tập trung)
Ex: A volleyball player does not need to focus on the movements of the other players on the court.
19.distracting(adj) taking attention away from something (mất tập trung)
Ex: Office workers tend to find that that certain kinds of movements are more distracting than others.
20.demonstrate(v) to show; model (chứng minh, làm thấy rõ)
Ex: Professional athletes demonstrate a high level of skills.
Topic 2. History of the circus
1.ancientadj . , very old, of the distant past
2.band:n. , a small group
3.century”n. , a period of 100 years
4.development (n)
Ex: Joshua Brown's introduction of the circus tent was an important contribution to the ... of the circus
-developer (n)nhà phát triển
Ex: Philip Astley is known as the ... of stunt riding.
-develop:v. , to grow and change
5.entertainmentn. , a performance or show
6.Exhibit: triển lãmn. , something shown to the
Ex: Let's go see the new dinosaur exhibit.
7.exotic(adj) . kỳ lạ, unusual, from a foreign
Ex: exotic flowers/food/designs
8.grandeurn. , hùng vĩ, greatness
Ex: We were struck by the silent ... of the desert.
9.massive(adj) . , to lớn, very big
Ex: They have a ... house
10.permanence (n)vĩnh cửu
Ex: The ... of the circus as a form of entertainment shows how much people enjoy it
11.permanent (a)dài hạn
Ex: Unlike the traveling bands of performances, court jesters had ... jobs
-permanently (adv)dài hạn,for always
Ex: Circuses don't stay in one place ... but travel around city to city
12.remnant(n). , tàn dư, a small leftover piece
Ex: the ... of last night's meal
13.Renovation: n. , cải tạo, repair or rebuilding
Ex: We have a commitment that the city will only carry out new construction and ... that meets green building
principles.
14.Spectator: n. , khán giả,a person who watches
Ex: They won 4-0 in front of over 40,000 cheering ...
15.survival (n): Sự sống còn
Ex: The ... of the circus is due to its ability to change with the times.
-survivor (n) người sống sót
Ex: The circus as a form of entertainment is a ... of the hard times of the Dark Ages
-survive (v)sống sót
Ex: The circus has ... in many forms throughout the centuries.
16.talent(n) năng lực
Ex: Her ... for music showed at an early age.
17.trainer (n)n. , a person who teaches skills
Ex: A circus animal trainer has to be able to work with exotic animals
-train (v)huấn luyện
Ex: Some animals are easier to train than others
-trained (a)có huấn luyện
Ex: Many circuses use ... elephants in their show
19.Venue: n. , địa điểm; place where an event is held
Ex: The hotel is an ideal ... for conferences and business meetings.
20.millennium (n): thiên niên kỷ
Ex: Imagine what the world will be like at the end of the next ...
21.coliseum(n) đấu trường
22.racetrack(n) đường đua
23.gladiator(n) đấu sĩ
24.chariot(n) xe ngựa
25.monarch(n) vua
26.amusement(n) vui chơi giải trí
Ex: I play the piano just for my own amusement
27.juggler(n) người tung hứng
28.Mime:(n) hí kịch
29.Medieval: (n) thời trung cổ
Ex: This church is a perfect example of ... architecture.
Topic 3: Uses of leisure time
1.leisure(/ˈliːʒər/)(n) thời gian rảnh rỗi
2.acknowledge(/əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ/)v. công nhận, thừa nhận, đền đáp
3.authority(/əˈθɔːrəti/)n. uy quyền, quyền lực, người có thẩm quyền
4.chunk(/tʃʌŋk/)n. khúc, khoanh
5.deliberate( /dɪˈlɪbərət/)adj. thận trọng, cân nhắc, có tính toán
6.crucial(/ˈkruːʃl/)adj. cốt yếu, chủ yếu
7.emotion(/ɪˈmoʊʃn/)n. xự xúc động, sự cảm động
8.engage(/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/)(v) hứa hẹn, cam kết, đính ước, thuê mướn
9.industrious(/ɪnˈdʌstriəs/)(adj) cần cù, siêng năng
10.intellectual(/ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/)adj. thuộc trí óc, có trí thức
11.merely(/ˈmɪrli/)(adv) chỉ, đơn thuần
12.obesity(/oʊˈbiːsəti/)(n) sự béo phì
13.obvious(/ˈɑːbviəs/)(adj) rõ ràng, hiển nhiên
14.overwhelming(/ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/)adj. tràn ngập, áp đảo, vượt trội
15.passive(/ˈpæsɪv/)adj. Thụ động, bị động
16.pastime(/ˈpæstaɪm/)n. trò tiêu khiển, sự giải trí
17.physical(/ˈfɪzɪkl/)adj. (thuộc) vật chất; (thuộc) cơ thể, thân thể
18.rejuvenate(/rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt/)(v) làm trẻ lại
19.reluctant(/rɪˈlʌktənt/)(adj) Miễn cưỡng, bất đắc dĩ, khó bảo
20.suffer(/ˈsʌfər/)(v) chịu đựng, chịu thiệt hại, đau khổ
UNIT 3: TRANSPORTATION
TOPIC 1: FIRST HEADLAMPS
https://quizlet.com/vn/599915722/unit-3-transportation-first-headlamps-flash-cards/
1.Tricky - It's tricky to learn to ride a skateboard
/ˈtrɪk.i/adj/ difficult
2.Vulnerable - flames are vulnerable to winds and weather
/ˈvʌl.nɚ.ə.bəl/
adj/ weak, without defense
3.Portable - a portable radio
/ˈpɔːr.t̬ ə.bəl/adj/ easy to carrydi động
4.Cast - the moon cast a white light into the room.
/kæst/v/ to throw light on somethingchiếu
5.Frieght - freight trains/freɪt/n/ cargo carried by a train, truck or ship
Hàng hóa được vận chuyển bằng tàu, xe hay thuyền
6.Innovation - recent innovations in technology
/ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/n/ a new idea or productsự đổi mới
7.Illuminator
n/ an object that produces lightmột vật thể tạo ra ánh sáng
8.Knot - it was a pile of pine knots
/nɑːt/n/ a hard bump in wood
9.nut cứng trên gỗ
10.Locomotive - the car was pushed ahead of the locomotive
/ˌloʊ.kəˈmoʊ.t̬ ɪv/n/ the engine of a trainđộng cơ xe lửa
11.Reflector - a curved reflector
/rɪˈflek.tɚ/n/ an object that sends light back or makes it stronger
vật thể phản chiếu ánh sáng, làm cho nó mạnh hơn
12.Generate - The new construction project will generate 500 new jobs.
/ˈdʒen.ə.reɪt/v/ to make or producetạo ra
13.Display - family photographs were displayed on the wall.
/dɪˈspleɪ/v/ to show or exhibittổ chức, triển lãm
14.Intense - an intense flavor
/ɪnˈtens/adj/ very strongdữ dội, mãnh liệt
15.Drawback - one of the drawbacks of living with someone is having to share a bathroom.
/ˈdrɑː.bæk/n/ a problem, disadvantagehạn chế, bất lợi
16.Equip - It's going to cost $4 million to equip the hospital.
ɪˈkwɪp/v/ to provide with sthtrang bị
17.Efficient - We need someone really efficient
/ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/adj/ able to work without waste hiệu quả, năng suất
18.Mode - the exciting new mode
/moʊd/n/ methodphương cách, chế độ
19.Stringent - car headlamps were more stringent
/ˈstrɪn.dʒənt/adj/ strict, firmnghiêm ngặt, chắc chắn
20.Rugged - cars required rugged parts
/ˈrʌɡ.ɪd/adj/ strong, able to stand rough treatment: mạnh, chắc chắn
Topic 2: major subways of Europe
https://quizlet.com/vn/727955586/unit-3-major-subways-of-europe-flash-cards/
1.centerpiece/ˈsen.tə.piːs/the most important part of something:
The centerpiece of most environmental studies is conservation.
(n): phần quan trọng nhất, the most important item. Ex: This treaty is the centerpiece of the government's
foreign policy.
2.clog /klɒɡ/
to (cause something to) become blocked or filled so that movement or activity is difficult:
The roads are clogged with holiday traffic.
Eating too much fat causes your arteries to clog (up).
Leaves are clogging (up) the drain.
a type of shoe made of wood, or with the top part made of leather and the bottom part of wood
(n): cái còng, sự cản trở, điều/vật trở ngại. to block something or to become blocked. Ex: The narrow streets
were clogged with traffic.
to become blocked or filled so that movement or activity is slowed or stopped, or to cause this to happen:
[ T ] During rush hour, downtown streets are clogged with commuters.
[ M ] Too much cholesterol clogs up your arteries.
3.decorate/ˈdek.ə.reɪt/(v): trang hoàng, trang trí. to make something look more attractive by putting things on
it. Ex: They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.
They decorated the wedding car with ribbons and flowers.
We're going to decorate the kitchen next week.
I hate the smell of paint when I'm decorating.
4.disruptive/dɪsˈrʌp.tɪv/(a): đập gẫy, phá vỡ. causing problems, noise, etc. so that something cannot continue
normally. Ex: She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class.
disruptiveadjectiveUK  /dɪsˈrʌp.tɪv/ US  /dɪsˈrʌp.t̬ ɪv/
causing trouble and therefore stopping something from continuing as usual:
His teacher described him as a noisy, disruptive influence in class.
changing the traditional way that an industry operates, especially in a new and effective way:
disruptive technologies
tending to damage the orderly control of a situation:
disruptive social changes
The teacher said disruptive behavior would not be tolerated.
5.intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk/(a):= inherent: bản chất, thật chất. belonging to or part of the real nature of something or
someone. Ex: the intrinsic value of education
-intrinsically
(adv): the adv of intrinsic
being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing:
works of little intrinsic value/interest
Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.
basic to a thing, being an important part of making it what it is:
Each human being has intrinsic dignity and worth.
6.pedestrian pəˈdes.tri.ən/(n): người đi bộ. a person walking in the street and not traveling in a vehicle. Ex:
Two pedestrians were injured when the car skidded.
7.rival/ˈraɪ.vəl/ a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area:
He beat his closest/nearest rival by 20 marks.
The companies produce rival versions of the toy.
(n)(a) to/for: đối thủ, địch thủ, người cạnh tranh. person, company, or thing that competes with another in
sports, business, etc. The two teams have always been rivals
8.spring up(v): nổi lên, bật mạnh. to appear or develop quickly and/or suddenly. Ex:Opposition groups are
springing up like mushrooms.
9.utilize /ˈjuː.təl.aɪz/
(v): dùng, sử dụng. = make use of: to use something, especially for a practical purpose. Ex: Vitamin C helps the
body utilize the iron present in your body.
to use something in an effective way:
The vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body.
to make use of something:
The library’s great collection allowed me to utilize many rare sources.
10.vent /vent/(n): lỗ thông, lỗ thoát. an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass out of or into a room,
building, container, etc. Ex: air/heating vents
11.imprint /ɪmˈprɪnt/
(v): in/on: ghi dấu, ảnh hưởng sâu sắc. to have a great effect on something so that it cannot be forgotten,
changed, etc. Ex: He imprints his own personal style on his work.
o mark a surface by pressing something hard into it
to fix an event or experience so firmly in the memory that it cannot be forgotten although you do
not try to remember it:
That look of grief would be imprinted on her mind forever.
12.chug /tʃʌɡ/
(v): phát ra tiếng bình bịch. to move making the sound of an engine running slowly. Ex: The boat chugged
down the river
to make the sound of an engine or motor, or to move making this sound:
The lorry chugged up the hill.
13.devise /dɪˈvaɪz/
(v): nghĩ ra, sáng chế. to invent something new or a new way of doing something
to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence or imagination:
He's good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.
The cartoon characters Snoopy and Charlie Brown were devised by Charles M. Schultz.
14.carvekɑːv/
(v): đục, khắc, tạc. to make objects, patterns, etc. by cutting away material from wood or stone carve
something. Ex: The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone
to make something by cutting into especially wood or stone, or to cut into the surface of stone, wood, etc.:
This totem pole is carved from/out of a single tree trunk.
He carved her name on a tree.
Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural, some were carved out (= cut into
the rock) by soldiers for defensive purposes.
15.mosaic/məʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ 
(n): khảm. a picture or pattern made by placing together small pieces of glass, stone, etc. of different colors
a pattern or picture made using many small pieces of coloured stone or glass, or the activity or method of
making these:
a beautiful tenth-century mosaic
On one of the clinic's walls is a mosaic depicting a woman and child wearing traditional clothing.
Mosaic is an ancient art form which can be used to brighten up a corner of your garden.
16.sculpture
(n): điêu khắc. a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal,
etc.
17.statuary /ˈstætʃ.u.ər.i/(un): tượng. statues.
18.populace /ˈpɒp.jə.ləs/(n): dân chúng, quần chúng. all the ordinary people of a particular country or area. Ex:
He had the support of large sections of the local populace.
19.citizen(n): công dân. person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country
20.emit(v): thải ra, phát ra. to send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.. Ex: The metal container
began to emit a clicking sound.
21.discharge(v) [usually passive]: đuổi, thả ra, cho về, giải ngũ. to give someone official permission to leave a
place or job; to make someone leave a job. Ex: She was discharged from the police force for bad conduct.
(v): chảy ra, đổ ra. Ex: The river is diverted through the power station before discharging into the sea.
22.divert /daɪˈvɜːt/(v): làm trệch hướng, chuyển hướng. to make someone or something change direction. Ex:
Northbound traffic will have to be diverted onto minor roads.
(v): làm lãng trí, sao lãng = distract.
to cause something or someone to change direction:
Traffic will be diverted through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced.
Our flight had to be diverted to Newark because of the storm.
to use something for a different purpose:
Should more funds/money/resources be diverted from roads into railways?
to take someone's attention away from something:
The war has diverted attention (away) from the country's economic problems.
to entertain someone:
It's a great game for diverting restless kids on long car rides .
Topic 3: Electric cars around the globe
https://quizlet.com/vn/729764614/unit-3-reading-3-electric-cars-around-the-globe-flash-cards/
1.appeal/əˈpiːl/(n)(v): lời kêu gọi, lời thỉnh cầu.= request
(n)(v): against sth: Kháng cáo. a formal request to a court or to someone in authority for a judgment or a
decision to be changed.
-a request to the public for money, information, or help:
They're launching (= starting) an appeal to raise money for famine victims.
[ + to infinitive ] The police have issued an appeal to the public to stay away from the area over
the weekend.
-the quality in someone or something that makes him, her, or it attractive or interesting:(n)(v): sự lôi
cuốn, quyến rũ.
Spielberg's movies have a wide appeal.
This used to be a marvellous hotel but it has lost its appeal in recent years.
2.charge(n): in .. of sth: chiu trách nhiệm. responsibility.
chargeverbUK  /tʃɑːdʒ/ US  /tʃɑːrdʒ/
to ask an amount of money for something, especially a service or activity:
How much/What do you charge for a haircut and blow-dry?
The bank charged commission to change my traveller's cheques.
[ + two objects ] They charge you $20 just to get in the nightclub.
The local museum doesn't charge for admission.
charge verb (SUPPLY ENERGY)
to put electricity into an electrical device such as a battery:
She drove the car round the block to charge (up) its batteries.
It's not working - I don't think the battery is charging.
charge noun (CONTROL)in charge: being the person who has control of or is responsible for someone or
something:
Who will be in charge of the department when Sophie leaves?
responsibility for controlling or caring for something:
Her ex-husband has charge of the children during the week and she has them at the weekend.
His boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away.
3.on the wane: become weaker, less vigorous 
waneverb [ I ]UK  /weɪn/ US  /weɪn/to become weaker in strength or influence:
By the late 70s the band's popularity was beginning to wane.
4.classify(v): phân loại. to arrange things in groups according to features that they have in common. Ex: The
books in the library are classified according to subject.
5.commuter(n): (AmE): a person who travels into a city to work each day.Ex: The five o'clock train is always
packed with commuters.
6.consume:(v): dùng, tiêu thụ: to use something, especially fuel, energy, or time. Ex: The electricity industry
consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.
7.embrace(v): bao gồm, gồm. to include something. Ex: The talks embraced a wide range of issues.
(v): đi theo. to accept an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc., especially when it is done with enthusiasm. Ex: It
is unlikely that such countries will embrace capitalist ideas.
embraceverbUK  /ɪmˈbreɪs/ US  /ɪmˈbreɪs/
to accept something enthusiastically:
This was an opportunity that he would embrace.
to hold someone tightly with both arms to express love, liking, or sympathy, or
when greeting or leaving someone:
She saw them embrace on the station platform.
He leaned over to embrace the child.
embraceverbUK  /ɪmˈbreɪs/ US  /ɪmˈbreɪs/
embrace verb (ACCEPT)C1 [ T ] formalto accept something enthusiastically:This was
an opportunity that he would embrace.
embrace verb (HOLD)C2 [ I or T ] literaryto hold someone tightly with
both arms to express love, liking, or sympathy, or when greeting or leaving someone:
She saw them embrace on the station platform.
He leaned over to embrace the child.
embrace verb (INCLUDE)C1 [ T ] formalto include something, often as one of a number of things:
Linguistics embraces a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics.
embracenoun [ C ]UK  /ɪmˈbreɪs/ US  /ɪmˈbreɪs/
the act of holding someone tightly with both arms to express love, liking, or sympathy, or
when greeting or leaving someone:
She greeted me with a warm embrace.
8.flair:(n): có tài,có khiếu, talent: a natural ability to do something well
flairUK  /fleər/ US  /fler/
natural ability to do something well:
He has a flair for languages.
a situation in which something is done in an exciting and interesting way:
He played with great imagination and flair.
It's a competent enough piece of writing but it lacks flair.
9.fume(v): bốc lên(khói). to produce smoke
(v): cáu kỉnh, nổi đóa. to be very angry about something. Ex: She sat in the car, silently fuming at the traffic
jam.
(n): Khói, hơi. Cơn giận
10.hamper /ˈhæm.pər/= curb = hinder (v): ngăn trở, cản trở. to prevent someone from easily doing or achieving
something. Ex: Our efforts were severely hampered by a lack of money
11.incentive  /ɪnˈsen.tɪv/: encouragement (n): khích lệ, khuyến khích.động cơ. something that encourages you to
do something. Ex: There is no incentive for people to save fuel.
something that encourages a person to do something:
Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income.
[ + to infinitive ] There is little
incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.
Bonus payments provide an incentive to work harder.
12.marked(a): dễ thấy = distinct, noticeable. easy to see. Ex:This year's sales have risen markedly.
13.monetary /ˈmʌn.ɪ.tri/(a): tiền tệ. connected with money, especially all the money in a country. Ex: monetary
policy
monetary control
The monetary unit of the UK is the pound.
14.plodding /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/(a): slow-moving,
working or doing something slowly and steadily, especially in a way that other people think is boring
slow, continuous, and not exciting:
I'll try not to bore you with lots of plodding details.
The novel is heavy and plodding, with little excitement in it.
15.rural(a): nông thôn, thôn dã. connected with or like the countryside. Ex: rural areas.
-urban(a): thành thị.connected with a town or city. Ex: damage to both urban and rural environments.
16.span(n): khoảng tgian. the length of time that something lasts or is able to continue. Ex: The project must be
completed within a specific time span
A bridge spans the river.:cây cầu bắc qua sông
-the period of time that something exists or happens:
He has a short attention/concentration span.
an average lifespan of 70 years
Over a span of just three years, the new government has transformed the country's economic prospects.
span noun (LENGTH)-[ C ]the length of something from one end to the other:
huge wings with a span of over a metre
the area of a bridge, etc. between two supports:
The bridge crosses the river in a single span.
spanverbUK  /spæn/ US  /spæn/span verb (SPIN)past simple of spin
to exist or continue for a particular length of time:
Tennis has a history spanning several centuries.
Her acting career spanned almost six decades.
span verb (BRIDGE)[ T ] -nn-
If a bridge spans a river, it goes from one side to the other:
An old bridge spans the river just outside the town.
spannoun [ C ]US  /spæn/the length of something:
A lifetime is a span of about seventy years.
The Rangers scored three goals in the span of five minutes.
A span is also the distance between two points, esp. between the structures that hold up a bridge:
In 1855, an 850-foot span was built to carry trains across the gorge.span
verb [ T ] US  /spæn/ -nn-
An old bridge spans the river just outside the town.
17.spraw /sprɔːl/l(v): nằm dài ra, nằm ườn ra, vươn ra. to spread in a messy way; to cover a large area. Ex: The
town sprawled along the side of the lake.
to spread the arms and legs out carelessly and untidily while sitting or lying down:
I knocked into her in the corridor and sent her sprawling (= knocked her over)
(especially of a city) to cover a large area of land with buildings, especially gradually over
a period of time:
The refugee camps sprawl across the landscape.
18.suburban/səˈbɜː.bən/(a): thuộc ngoại ô. in or connected with a suburb
suburban sprawl: Mở rộng đô thị
Suburban sprawl has resulted in the loss of most of the prime agricultural land in the United States.
-suburb(n): ngoại ô. an area where people live that is outside the center of a city
relating to a suburb:
suburban schools/housing
They live in suburban Washington. 
disapproving
used to suggest that something is boring and has no excitement:
suburban life
19.gas-powered vehicle, gas-fueled car:Xe hơi sử dụng xăng dầu
20.monetary incentives:phần thưởng khích lệ bằng tiền
21. grow in popularity: ngày càng được ưa chuộng
23.conventional /kənˈven.ʃən.əl/(a) = traditional and ordinary
conventional behaviour/attitudes/clothes
conventional medicine/farming
a conventional wedding
disapproving I find his art dull and conventional.
24.composite /ˈkɒm.pə.zɪt/:Hợp lại, ghép lại, hợp chất
something that is made of various different parts:
The main character in her latest novel is a composite of several public figures of that era.
Scientists have put together a composite picture of what the earth's crust is like.
a material made up of more than one substance that is used for building things:
The bodies of these racing cars are moulded from the same composite that is used for making aircraft.
composite
made of various parts or substances:
a composite material
a composite sketch of a man wanted for questioning
Cam 12- Test 3
In this session in your training day we’re going to look at home of the more.......................... we offer at BC
Travel. Now, the travel business is very .......................... and it’s important to be aware of how the
market’s.......................... . In terms of age groups, the over-65s are an important market, and one
that’s.......................... .............. year on year (Q11&Q12).
The .......................... .............are taken by the 31 to 42-year-olds, and that figure shows ..........................
............. of.......................... .............. The biggest market at present is still the youngest group, the 16 to 30s, but
this group’s also seen the biggest .......................... ............. over the last few years, whereas there’s a
.......................... ............. in the number of holidays taken by the 55 to 64-year-olds (Q11&12). As far as the 43
to 54-year-olds are concerned, bookings there are.......................... ............., but I have to say we
.......................... ............. the .......................... .............we expected.
One trend we’re noticing with nearly all age groups is the .......................... ............. popularity of holidays in
which clients do some kind of .......................... .............. I’m not talking here about adventure holidays, where
clients take part in high-risk activities like white water rafting just for the thrill of it. Activity holidays usually
involve .......................... ............. high-risk sports, or things like art and music.
They’re not necessarily cheaper than.......................... ............., often the opposite, in fact. But they do often take
place outside the main tourist centres, which gives an .......................... ............. for clients to find out more
about the local people and .......................... .............(Q13&Q14), and many say this is one of the most
.......................... ............. of these holidays.
Of course, they offer the.......................... ............. to develop a.......................... .............l or talent, but clients
often say that more than this, it’s the chance to create l.......................... ............. with other like-minded people
that’s the main.......................... .............. (Q13&Q14)
Let me give you some examples of BC Travel activity holidays. Our painting holidays take place in four
different centres in France and Italy and they’re very.......................... .............with clients of all abilities from
beginners onwards. We’ve got an excellent team of artists to lead the classes – some of them have been with us
from the start, and five additional ones will be joining us this year (Q15) so that we can offer a greater number
of classes in each centre.
As far as cooking holidays are concerned, I know a lot of agents offer holidays where clients
cook.......................... ............. related to one particular country, usually the one they’re staying in, but we focus
on dishes from a great many different ones (Q16). .......................... .............that you’ll find the usual
.......................... .............on good quality, .......................... ............. – that’s more or less a given nowadays –
and there are generally some .......................... ............. included.
Our.......................... ............. holidays take place in a wide range of countries from Iceland to Vietnam, and
clients have the opportunity to see some.......................... .............. Groups are small, no more than eight,
so clients can have one-on-one.......................... .............during the holiday (Q17), and .......................... .............
are arranged with .......................... ............. guides. At the end of each holiday an exhibition is held of the
photographs taken so that clients can see one another’s work and receive .......................... ............. from the
tutor.
——————–
Finally, let me tell you about our .......................... ............. holidays. In Ireland and Italy we run one-week
general fitness classes for all ages and levels of fitness. Clients start the course with a consultation with a
trainer, and together they.......................... ............. an individual programme. As well as improving general
fitness, clients find that they end up losing much of the .......................... .............they’ve ..........................
.............in their daily lives. (Q18)
In Greece, we have a two-week holiday for clients who want to do something about their weight (Q19). This
has all the features you’d expect, like a .......................... .............programme, but one of its most popular
features is that the exercise classes are all held on the beach. People say it’s far.......................... ............. to
being in a gym.
Finally, we offer several holidays in Morocco. One very popular one is the mountain biking holiday. Bikes are
provided and there are different routes according to people’s ability. We offer one which is ..........................
............. to the needs of families (Q20), which is particularly popular.
OK, so that’s about all the time I have today, so thank you very much … 
Cam 12- Test 4
Welcome to this podcast about the Sheepmarket, which is one of the oldest parts of the city. As its name
suggests, there was originally a market here where farmers brought their sheep, but now it’s been
.................................... into a buzzing, vibrant area of the city, which is also home to one of the city’s
................................... communities. The nearby university has always meant the area’s popular with students,
who come in to enjoy the ..................................., but now .................................. embarking on careers in the
worlds of ................................... are buying up the new apartments recently built here to replace the small
houses where the market workers used to live. (Q11)
The narrow old side streets are great places for finding original pictures, ................................... and
................................... (Q12) which won’t .................................., as well as local produce like fruit and
vegetables. There’s also lots of ................................... where you can have a coffee and watch tourists from all
over the world go by. The ................................... in the area are on the main streets, including the city’s first
department store, built in the 1880s, which is still open today.
The Sheepmarket is a centre for fashion, and there’s a policy of encouraging new young ....................................
The Young Fashion ................................... is open to local young people who are ................................... about
fashion. This year they’ve been asked to design an................................... based on ideas from the music and
technology that’s part of their everyday life (Q13), using both natural and .................................... The
................................... will be judged by ................................... and fashion designers, and the
.................................. will be modelled at a special gala evening.
Parking at the Sheepmarket is easy. There are plenty of pay and display car parking spaces on the
................................... which are fine if you just want to stay for an hour or two, but if you want to spend the
day there it’s better to park in one of the four underground car parks. It’s not expensive and if you can present
a................................... from one of the local stores, you’ll not be ...................................at all (Q14). After six
pm many of the car parks have a ...................................which varies but it is usually very ....................................
————————-
The Sheepmarket is one of the main centres for ...................................in the whole of the country. If you look at
our map, you’ll see some of the main attractions there. Most visitors start from Crawley Road, at the bottom of
the map. The Reynolds House is one of the oldest houses in the city, and is open to the public. It’s on the north
side of Crawley Road, next to the footpath that leads to the public gardens. (Q15)
The area’s particularly interesting for its unusual .................................... The Thumb’s is just what its name
suggests, but it’s about 10 metres high. You’ll see it on Hill Road, across the road from the Bank. (Q16)
The Museum’s got a particularly fine .................................. of New Zealand landscapes. It’s on the east side of
the Sheepmarket, on City Road. It’s on the other side of the road from the public gardens, immediately facing
the ................................... with Hill Road. (Q17)
The Contemporary Art Gallery is on a little road that leads off Station Square, not far from the public gardens.
The road ends at the gallery – it doesn’t go anywhere else (Q18). That’s open every day except Mondays.
The Warner Gallery specialises in 19th-century art. It’s on City Road, near the junction with Crawley Road, on
the same side of the road as the ................................... (Q19). It’s open on weekdays from 9 to 5, and entry is
free.
Finally, if you’re interested in .................................. high quality artwork, the place to go is Nucleus. You need
to go from Crawley Road up through Station Square and.................................. Hill Road until you get to a small
winding road turning off. .................................. there and it’s on your right – if you get to City Road you’ve
gone too far. (Q20) 
Cam 11- Test 1
Welcome to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm. This....................................  gives you the experience of
agriculture and ....................................  in the English countryside at the end of the nineteenth century. So you’ll
see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time.
I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further. As it’s a working farm, please don’t
frighten or ....................................  the animals (Q11). We have a lot here, and many of them are
....................................  that are now quite.................................... .
And do stay at a .................................... from the tools: some of them have ....................................  which can be
pretty dangerous, so please ....................................  them (Q12). We don’t want any .................................... , do
we?
The ground is very .................................... , and you might....................................  if you’re wearing
....................................  so I’m glad to see you’re all wearing shoes – we always advise people to do that. (Q13)
Now, children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and
lambs, so do bring them along next time you come.
I don’t think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have, I’m afraid they’ll have to stay in the
....................................  unless they’re guide dogs (Q14). I’m sure you’ll understand that they could cause a lot
of problems on a farm.
Now let me give you some idea of the ....................................  of the farm. The building where you bought your
tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right, and we’re now at the beginning of the main path to the
....................................  – and of course the car park is on your left. The....................................  you can see in
the car park in the corner, beside the main path (Q15), is a traditional figure for keeping the birds away
from.................................... , but our scarecrow is a .................................... . It’s taller than
.................................... , so you can see it from quite a distance.
If you look ahead of you, you’ll see a .................................... . It’s opposite the New Barn, beside the side path
that ....................................  off to the right just over there (Q16). The maze is made out of hedges which are too
tall for young children to see over them, but it’s quite small, so you can’t get lost in it!
Now, can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main .................................... ? If you want to go to the
café, go towards the bridge and turn right just before it. Walk along the side path and the café’s on the first bend you
come to (Q17). The building was originally the schoolhouse, and it’s well over a hundred years old.
As you may know, we run skills....................................  here, where you can learn ....................................  like woodwork
and .................................... . You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone about the courses, in the Black
Barn. If you take the ....................................  to the right, here, just by the New Barn, you’ll come to the Black Barn just
where the path first .................................... . (Q18)
Now I mustn’t forget to tell you about .................................... , as I can see some of you have brought your lunch with
you. You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course. Or if you’d prefer a covered picnic area,
there’s one near the .................................... : just after you cross the bridge, there’s a covered picnic spot on the right.
(Q19)
And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself. From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the footpath
through the field to the left of the farmyard. That goes to the house (Q20), and it’ll give you a lovely view of it. It’s
certainly worth .................................... , but as it’s a ....................................  home, I’m afraid you can’t go inside.
Right. Well, if you’re all ready, we’ll set off on our tour of the farm.