Solution

A SAMPLE TEST PAPER (FROM REAL NUMBERS TO AP, DESIGNED BY

ADARSH)
Class 10 - Mathematics
Section A
1. Let us assume, to the contrary, that is 3 + 2√–
5 rational.

That is, we can find coprime integers a and b (b ≠ 0) such that

– a a –
3 + 2√ 5 =  Therefore,  − 3 = 2√ 5
b b

a−3b –
⇒ = 2√ 5
b

a−3b – a 3
⇒ = √5 ⇒ −
2b 2b 2

Since a and b are integers,

We get − is rational, also so √–
a

2b
3

2
5 is rational.

But this contradicts the fact that √– 5 is irrational.

This contradiction arose because of our incorrect

assumption that 3 + 2√– 5 is rational.

So, we conclude that 3 + 2√– 5 is irrational.

2. Let us prove √5 irrational by contradiction.

–

Let us suppose that √– 5 is rational. It means that we have co-prime

integers a and b (b ≠ 0)
Such that √–5 =
a

⇒ b –
√5 =a
Squaring both sides, we get
⇒ 5b
2 =a 2 ... (1)

It means that 5 is factor of a2

Hence, 5 is also factor of a by Theorem. ... (2)
If, 5 is factor of a , it means that we can write a = 5c for some integer
c.
Substituting value of a in (1) ,
5b2 = 25c2
⇒ b2 =5c2
It means that 5 is factor of b2 .
Hence, 5 is also factor of b by Theorem. ... (3)
From (2) and (3) , we can say that 5 is factor of both a and b .
But, a and b are co-prime .
 Therefore, our assumption was wrong. √–
5 cannot be rational. Hence,

it is irrational.
3. Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c.
and its zeroes be α and β.
Then, α + β = √2 = −  and αβ =
– b 1 c
=
a 3 a

If a = 3, then b = −3√2 and c = 1.

–

So, one quadratic polynomial which fits the given conditions is

3x − 3√ 2x + 1.
2
–

It is given that α + β = √2 and αβ =

– 1

Now, standard form of quadratic polynomial is given by

2
x − (α + β)x + αβ

2
= x − (α + β)x + αβ

2
– 1
= x − √ 2x +
3

1 2
–
= (3x − 3√ 2x + 1)
3

Hence the required quadratic polynomial is 3x 2

–
− 3√ 2x + 1

4. Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c,

and its zeroes be α and β.
Then, α + β = 0 = −  and αβ = √5 =
– b c

a a

If a = 1, then b = 0 and c = √–
5.

So, one quadratic polynomial which fits the given conditions is

x + √5 .
2 –

5. Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c,

and its zeroes be α and β.
Then, α + β = − = −  and αβ = 1

4
b

a
1

4
=
c

If a = 4, then b = 1 and c = 1.
So, one quadratic polynomial which fits the given conditions is 4x2 +
x + 1.
Aliter,
It given that α + β = −  and αβ = 1

4
1

now, standard form of quadratic polynomial is given by

2
x − (α + β)x + αβ
2
= x − (α + β)x + αβ
2 1 1
= x − (− )x +
4 4
 1 2
= (4x + x + 1)
4

Hence the required quadratic polynomial is 4x2 + x + 1

6. The number of zeroes is 4 as the graph given in the question
intersects the x-axis at 4 points.
7. Formulation: Let the number of girls be x and the number of boys be
y.
It is given that total ten students took part in the quiz.
∴ Number of girls+ Number of boys = 10

i.e. x + y =10
It is also given that the number of girls is 4 more than the number of
boys.
∴ Number of girls= Number of boys + 4

i.e. x = y+4
or, x-y = 4
Thus, the algebraic representation of the given situation is
x + y=10 ........(i)
x - y =4 ..........(ii)
Add (i) and (ii) we get
x + y + x - y = 10 + 4
2x = 14
x=7
Put x = 7 in (i)
x + y = 10
7 + y = 10
y = 10 -7
y=3
So, value of x = 7 and y = 3
Graphical Representation: Now putting y = 0 in x + y = 10, we get
x = 10. Similarly, by putting x = 0 in x + y = 10, we get y = 10.
Thus, two solution of equation (i) are:
x 10 0
y 0 10
Similarly, two solutions of equation (ii) are:
putting y = 0 in x - y = 4, we get
x = 4. Similarly, by putting x = 0 in x + y = 10, we get y = -4.
x 4 0
 y 0 -4
Now, we plot the points A (10, 0), B (0, 10), P (4, 0) and Q (0, -4)
corresponding to these solutions on the graph paper and draw the
lines AB and PQ representing the equations x + y = 10 and x - y - 4 as
shown in Fig.

We observe that the two lines representing the two equations are
intersecting at the point (7, 3).
8. (a) Rs.5
Explanation: Let cost of one pencil be ₹x
Cost of one pen be ₹y
5 pencils and 7 pens together cost ₹50,
So we get
5x + 7y = 50
Subtract 7y both side we get
5x = 50 - 7y
Divide by 5 we get
x = 10 -   y
7

Plug value of y which is factor of 5 to get whole number so plug y =

5,10,15 we get
for y = 5
x = 10 - y = 10 - 7 = 3
7

5
 for y = 10
x = 10 - y = 10 - 14 = - 4
7

fory = 15
x = 10 - y = 10 - 21 = - 11
7

Therefore, the required points are (3, 5), (-4, 10), (-11, 15).
Given that 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost ₹46
7x + 5y = 46
Subtract 7x both side we get
5y = 46 - 7x
Divide by 5 we get
y = 9.2 - 1.4x
Plug x = 0,2,4 we get
for x = 0
y = 9.2 - 0 = 9.2
for x = 2
y = 9.2 - 2.8 = 6.4
forx = 4
y = 9.2 - 5.6 = 3.6
Therefore, the required points are (0,9.2),(2,6.4),(4,3.6).
The graph is as shown below:

hence the cost of 1 pencil be ₹3 and 1 pen will cost ₹5.

9. Given equations are:
y = 7 &
3 5
x +
2 3

9x - 10y = 14
Comparing equation 3

2
x +
5

3
y = 7 with a
1
x + b1 y + c1 = 0

and 9x − 10y = 14 with

a x + b y + c = 0,
2 2 2

We get, a = , b = , c
1
3

2
1
5

3
1
= −7, a2 = 9, b 2 = −10, c2 = −14
 3 5

a1

a2
=
2

9
=
1

6
and b1

b2
=
3

−10
=
−1

Here a1

a2
≠
b1

b2

Therefore, equations have unique solution.

Hence, they are consistent.
10. Given, linear equation is 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 ...(i)
Given: 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 ..... (i)
i. For intersecting lines, ≠
a1

a2
b1

b2

Any line intersecting with eq (i) may be taken as 3x + 2y - 9 = 0

∴

or 3x + 2y - 7 = 0
ii. For parallel lines, = ≠
a1

a2
b1

b2
c1

c2

∴Any line parallel with eq(i) may be taken as 6x + 9y + 7 = 0

or 2x +3y - 2 = 0
iii. For coincident lines, = =
a1

a2
b1

b2
c1

c2

Any line coincident with eq (i) may be taken as 4x + 6y - 16 = 0

∴

or 6x + 9y - 24 = 0
11. The given equations are
x - y + 1 = 0 ...(1)
3x + 2y - 12 = 0 ...(2)
Let us draw the graphs of equations (1) and (2) by finding two
solutions for each of these equations. These two solutions of these
equations (1) and (2) are given below in table 1 and table 2
respectively.
For equation (1) x - y + 1 = 0
⇒ y = x + 1

Table 1 of solutions
x 0 -1
y 1 0
For equation (2) 3x + 2y - 12 = 0 ⇒ y = 12−3x

Table 2 of solutions
x 4 0
y 0 6
We plot the points A(0, 1) and B(-1, 0) on a graph paper and join
these points to form the line AB representing the equation (1) as
 shown in the figure. Also, we plot the points C(4, 0) and D(0, 6) on the
same graph paper and join these points to form the line CD
representing the equation (2) and shown in the same figure.
In the figure, we observe that the coordinates of the vertices of the
triangle formed by these given lines and the x-axis are E(2, 3 ), B(-1, 0)
and C(4, 0)

The triangular region EBC has been shaded and the area of triangular
region EBC = (5)(3) =
1

2
15

Section B
12. Given, linear equation is 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 ...(i)
Given: 2x + 3y - 8 = 0 ..... (i)
i. For intersecting lines, a1

a2
≠
b1

b2

∴Any line intersecting with eq (i) may be taken as 3x + 2y - 9 = 0

or 3x + 2y - 7 = 0
ii. For parallel lines,a1

a2
= ≠
b1

b2
c1

c2

∴ Any line parallel with eq(i) may be taken as 6x + 9y + 7 = 0

or 2x +3y - 2 = 0
iii. For coincident lines, a1

a2
= =
b1

b2
c1

c2

∴ Any line coincident with eq (i) may be taken as 4x + 6y - 16 = 0

or 6x + 9y - 24 = 0
13. s - t = 3; + = 6
s

3
t

The given pair of linear equations is :

s - t = 3...............(1)
= 6 ..........(2)
s t
+
3 2

From equation(1),
s = t + 3..............(3)
Substitute this value of s in equation(2), we get
 t+3 t
+ = 6
3 2

2(t+3)+3t
⇒ = 6
6

⇒2(t + 3) + 3t = 36
⇒ 2t + 6 + 3t = 36

⇒ 5t + 6 = 36

⇒ 5t = 30
30
⇒ t = = 6
5

Substituting this value of t in equation (3), we get

s = 6 + 3= 9
therefore the solution is
s = 9, t = 6
Verification : Substituting s = 9 and t = 6, we find that both equation
(1) and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
s-t=9-6=3
s t 9 6
+ = + = 3 + 3 = 6
3 2 3 2

This verifies the solution.

14. The given equations are
√ 2x − √ 3y = 0 ............(i)
– –

√ 3x − √ 8y = 0 .............(ii)
– –

From equation (i), we obtain:

...(iii)
√ 3y
x =
√2

Substituting this value in equation (ii), we obtain:

– √ 3y –
√3 ( ) − √ 8y = 0
√2

3y –
− 2√ 2y = 0
√2

3 –
y( − 2√ 2) = 0
√2

y=0
Substituting the value of y in equation (iii), we obtain:
x=0
∴ x = 0, y = 0

Hence the solution of given equation is (0,0).

15. Let the numerator be x and denominator be y
if 2 is added to both numerator and denominator, the fraction
becomes 9

11
 x+2 9
=
y+2 11

11(x + 2) = 9( y + 2)
= 11x + 22 = 9y + 18
or, 11x + 22 - 9y - 18 = 0
or, 11 x - 9 y + 4 = 0 ........(i)
If 3 is added to both numerator and denominator the fraction
becomes 5

and x+3

y+3
=
5

6(x+3) = 5(y+3)
6x +18 = 5y + 15
or, 6x + 18 - 5y - 15 = 0
or, 6x -5y + 3 = 0 ...(ii)
On comparing with ax + by + c = 0
we get a = 11, b = −9, c = 4
1 1 1

a2 = 6, b 2 = −5 and c2 = 3

Now, x y 1
= =
b 1 c 2 −b 2 c 1 c 1 a2 −c 2 a1 a1 b 2 −a2 b 1

x y 1
= =
(−9)(3)−(−5)(4) (4)(6)−(3)(11) (11)(−5)−(6)−(9)

x y 1
= =
−27+20 24−33 −55+54

x y 1
⇒ = =
−7 −9 −1
x
⇒ = −1
−7

or, x = 7
Hence, x=7, y=9
∴ Fraction =
7

16. Let fixed charge be ₹x and the charge per km be ₹y.

For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is ₹105 .
x + 10y = 105 ....(i)
For a journey of 15 km the charge paid is ₹155
x + 15y = 155 .... (ii)
From eqn. (i), x = 105 -10y ...(iii)
On substituting x from eqn. (iii) in eqn. (ii),
105 - 10y + 15y = 155
⇒ 5y = 155 - 105

⇒ 5y = 50

⇒ y = 10

Put y = 10 in (iii)
 x = 105 - 10(10)
⇒ x = 105 - 100

∴ x = 5

Hence, fixed charges = ₹5

Rate per km = ₹10
Amount to be paid for travelling 25 km
= ₹5 + ₹10 × 25
= ₹5 + ₹250
= ₹255
17. Let x (in years) be the present age of Jacob's son and y (in years) be
the present age of Jacob. 5 years hence, it has relation:
(y + 5) = 3(x + 5)
or, y + 5 = 3x + 15
3x + 15 - y - 5 = 0
or, 3 x - y + 10 = 0 .......(i)
5 years ago, it has relation
(y - 5) = 7(x - 5)
y - 5 = 7x - 35
or, 7x - 35 - y + 5 = 0
or, 7 x - y - 3 0 = 0 ....(ii)
From eqn. (i), y = 3x + 10 ....(iii)
On substituting the value of y in eqn. (ii), we get
7x-(3x + 10) - 30 = 0
7x - 3x - 10 - 30 = 0
or, 4x - 40 = 0
or, 4x = 40
x=10
On substituting x = 10 in eqn. (iii),
y = 3 × 10 + 10

y = 30 + 10
∴ y = 40

Hence, the present age of Jacob = 40 years and son's age = 10 years
18. Let the cost of each bat and each ball be Rs.x and Rs. y respectively.
Then, according to the equation, The pair of linear equations formed
is
7x + 6y = 3800 ....... (1)
3x + 5y = 1750 ...... (2)
 From equation (2), 5y = 1750 - 3x
y =
5
......... (3)
1750−3x

Substitute this value of y in equation (1), we get

1750−3x
7x + 6 ( ) = 3800
5

⇒ 35x + 10500 − 18x = 19000

⇒ 17x + 10500 = 19000
⇒ 17x = 19000 − 10500
⇒ 17x = 8500
8500
⇒ x = = 500
17

Substituting this value of x in equation (3), we get

1750−3(500) 1750−1500 250
y = = = = 50
5 5 5

Hence, the cost of each bat and each ball is Rs.500 and Rs.50
respectively.
Verification,
Substituting x = 500 and y = 50, we find that both the equations (1)
and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
7x + 6y = 7(500) + 6(50)

= 3500 + 300 = 3800

3x + 5y = 3(500) + 5(50)

= 1500 + 250 = 1750 . This verifies the solution.

19. Let the two numbers be x and y (x > y) then, according to the
question,
the pair of linear equations formed is:
x - y = 26.........(1)
x = 3y.............(2)
Substitute the value of x from equation (2) in equation (1), we get
3y - y = 26
⇒ 2y = 26
26
⇒ y =
2

⇒ y = 13

Substituting this value of y in equation (2), we get

x = 3(13) = 39
Hence, the required numbers are 39 and 13.
verification: Substituting x = 39 and y = 13, we find that both
the equation (1) and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
x - y = 39 - 13 = 26
 3y = 3(13) = 39 = x.
This verifies the solution.
20. i. By Elimination method
The given system of equation is
= −1...............(1)
x 2y
+
2 3

....................(2)
y
x − = 3
3

Multiplying equation (2) by 2, we get

= 6......................(3)
2y
2x −
3

Adding equation(1) and equation (2), we get

5 5×2
x = 5 ⇒ x = ⇒ x = 2
2 5

Substituting this value of x in equation(2), we get

y y
2 − = 3 ⇒ = 2 − 3 = −1 ⇒ y = −3
3 3

So, the solution of the given system of equation is

x = 2, y = -3
ii. By substitution method
The given system of equation is
= −1...............(1)
x 2y
+
2 3

....................(2)
y
x − = 3
3

From equation (2),

+ 3 ....................(3)
y
x =
3

Substituting this value of x in (1),

1 y 2y
( + 3) + = −1
2 3 3

y 3 2y 5y 3
⇒ + + = −1 ⇒ = −1 −
6 2 3 6 2

5y 5
⇒ − − ⇒ y = −3
6 2

Substituting this value of y in equation (3), we get

3
x = − + 3 = −1 + 3 − 2
3

So, the solution of the given system of equations is x = 2, y = -3

Verification: Substituting x = 2, y = -3, we find that both the
equation (1) and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
x 2y 2 2(−3)
+ = + = 1 − 2 = −1
2 3 2 3

21. Let the present age of Nuri and Sonu be x years and y years
respectively.
Then, according to the question,
x – 5 = 3(y – 5)
 ⇒ ​x – 5 = 3y – 15
⇒x – 3y = –10 ............. (1)

x + 10 = 2(y + 10)
​x + 10 = 2y + 20
⇒​x – 2y = 10 ------------ (2)

Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get

– y= – 20
⇒​y = 20

Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get

x – 2(20) = 10
⇒​x – 40 = 10

⇒ x = 40 + 10

⇒ x = 50

Hence, Nuri and Sonu are 50 years and 20 years old respectively at
present.
Verification.Subtracting the value of x = 50 and y = 20,we find that
both the eqations (1) and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
x – 3y = 50 – 3(20) = 50 – 60 = – 10
x – 2y = 50 – 2(20) = 50 – 40=10
Hence,the solution is correct.
22. Suppose the fixed charge be Rs. x and the extra charge per day be Rs
y.
According to the question, Mona paid Rs 27 for a book kept for 7
days,
⇒ x + 4y = 27 ........(i)

Tanvy paid Rs.21 for a book kept for 5 days,

⇒ x + 2y = 21 .........(ii)

Subtracting (ii) from (i),

⇒ 2y = 6

⇒ y = 3

Substituting y = 3 in (ii), we get x = 15

The fixed charge is Rs. 15 and the charge per day is Rs 3.
23. Let the unit's digit and the ten's digit in the two-digit number be x
and y respectively.
Then the number = 10y + x
Also, the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits = 10x
+y
 According to the question,
x + y = 9...............(1)
9(10y + x) = 2(10x + y)
⇒ 90y + 9x = 20x + 2y

⇒ 11x - 88y = 0

⇒ x - 8y = 0 ..............(2)

Subtracting equation(2) from equation(1), we get

9y = 9
9
⇒ y = = 1
9

Substituting this value of y in equation (1), we get

x+1=9
⇒ x = 9 − 1 = 8

Hence, the required number is 18.

Verification: substituting x = 8 and y = 1,
we find that both the equations (1) and (2) are satisfied as shown
below:
x+y=8+1=9
x - 8y = 8 - 8(1) = 0
Hence, the solution is correct.
24. a = 5,  b = −8,  c = 1 and a = 3,  b =
1 1 1 ,c = 2 2
−24

5
2
3

5
a1

a2
= 5

3
...(i)
b1

b2
= −24/5
−8
= 5

3
...(ii)
and c1

c2
= 3/5
1
= 5

3
...(iii)
Form (i), (ii) and (iii)
a1 b1 c1
= =
a2 b2 c2

∴ The pair of equations has infinitely many solutions.

25. Let us denote the number of pants by x and the number of skirts be y.
Then the equations formed are:
y = 2x - 2 ………… (i)
y = 4x - 4………..(ii)
From (i)
When x = 2, then y = 2
When x = 1, then y = 0
x 2 1
y 2 0
 From (ii)
When x = 2, then y = 4
When x = 1, then y = 0
x 2 1
y 4 0
The graphs of two equations of line is shown below.

From the graph, the lines intersect at point (1,0)

Thus, the value of x = 1 and y = 0
Hence, the number of pants she purchased are 2 and the number of
skirts she purchased are 0.
26. Suppose, the digit at units and tens place of the given number be x
and y respectively.
∴ the number is 10y + x

After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10x + y

Given: The sum of the numbers obtained by interchanging the digits
and the original number is 66.
Thus, (10x + y) + (10y + x) = 66
⇒ 10x + y + 10y + x = 66

⇒ 11x + 11y = 66

⇒ 11(x + y) = 66
66
⇒ x + y =
11

⇒ x + y = 6 .....(i)
Also given, the two digits of the number are differing by 2.
∴ we have x − y = ±2 ....(ii)

So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations,

x − y = 2, x + y = 6
 x − y = −2, x + y = 6

Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of

equations for x and y.
1. First, we solve the system
x − y = 2

x+y=6
Adding the two equations,
⇒ (x − y) + (x + y) = 2 + 6

⇒ x − y + x + y = 8

⇒ 2x = 8
8
⇒ x =
2

⇒ x = 4

Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have

4 − y = 2

⇒ y = 4 − 2

⇒ y = 2

Hence, the number is 10 × 2 + 4 = 24

2. Now, we solve the system
x − y = −2

x + y = 6

Adding the two equations, we have

(x − y) + (x + y) = −2 + 6

⇒ x − y + x + y = 4

⇒ 2x = 4
4
⇒ x =
2

⇒ x=2
Substituting the value of x in the first equation,
⇒ 2 − y = −2

⇒ y = 2 + 2

⇒ y=4
Hence, the number is 10 × 4 + 2 = 42

Thus, the two numbers are 24 and 42.

Section C
27. The given quadratic equation is
2 –
3x − 4√ 3x + 4 = 0
 Here, a = 3, b = −4√– 3, c = 4

∴ discriminant = b
2 - 4ac
– 2
= (−4√ 3) − 4(3)(4)

= 48 - 48 = 0
Hence, the given quadratic equation
has two equal real roots.
The roots are = − , − b

2a
b

2a

(−4√ 3) (−4√ 3) 2 2
 i.e.  − ,− ,  i.e.  ,
2×3 2×3 √3 √3

28. kx(x − 2) + 6 = 0
⇒ kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0
Comparing quadratic equation kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0 with general form
ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get a = k, b = -2k and c = 6
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (−2k)2 - 4(k)(6) = 4k2 − 24k
We know that two roots of quadratic equation are equal only if
discriminant is equal to zero.
Putting discriminant equal to zero
4k2−24k =0
⇒ 4k(k − 6) ⇒ k = 0, 6
The basic definition of quadratic equation says that quadratic
equation is the equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0
Therefore, in equation kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0, we cannot have k = 0.
Therefore, we discard k = 0.
Hence the answer is k = 6.
29. Let the present age of one friend be x years.
Also, sum of ages of both friends = 20 years
hence age of 2nd friend will be (20 - x) years.
4 years ago, age of 1st friend = (x - 4 ) years.
age of 2nd friend= (20-x)- 4 = (16-x) years.
According to the question;
(x - 4 )( 1 6 - x ) = 48
⇒ x
2 - 20x + 112 = 0
Let D be the discriminant of this quadratic. Then,
D =b − 4ac = 400 - 448 = -48 < 0. (here, a=1 b=-20, c=112)
2
 So, above equation does not have real roots. Hence, the given
situation is not possible.
30. Let the number of John’s marbles be x.
Therefore, number of Jivanti’s marble = 45 − x
After losing 5 marbles,
Number of John’s marbles = x − 5
Number of Jivanti’s marbles = 45 − x − 5 = 40 − x
Given that the product of their marbles is 124.
∴ (x – 5) (40 – x) = 124

⇒ x
2 – 45x +324 = 0
31. We have 3x 2 –
− 2√ 6x + 2 it can be factorise as:
2 – 2 – –
3x − 2√ 6x + 2 = 3x − √ 6x − √ 6x + 2
– – – – – –
= √ 3x(√ 3x − √ 2) − √ 2(√ 3x − √ 2)
– – – –
= (√ 3x − √ 2)(√ 3x − √ 2)

So, the roots of the equation are the values of x for which
– – – –
(√ 3x − √ 2)(√ 3x − √ 2) = 0
−
−
Now, √3x − √2 = 0 for x = √
– – 2

So, this root is repeated twice, one for each repeated factor √–
–
3x − √ 2
−
− −
−
Therefore, the roots of 3x are √
2 – 2 2
− 2√ 6x + 2 = 0 ,√
3 3

32. Let P be the position of the pole and A & B be the opposite fixed
gates. Let, BP = x metres.
∴ AP = x + 7

In right triangle APB,

AP2 + BP2 = AB2

⇒(x + 7)
2 + x2 = 132

⇒x2 + 49 + 14x + x2 = 169

⇒ 2x
2 + 14x + 49 - 169 = 0

⇒2x2 + 14x - 120 = 0

⇒2(x
2 + 7x - 60) = 0
 ⇒ x2 + 7x - 60 = 0
⇒x
2 + 12x - 5x - 60 = 0
⇒ x(x + 12) - 5(x + 12) = 0
⇒ (x + 12)(x - 5) = 0

Either x+12 = 0, then x = -12 which is not possible being negative or x

- 5 = 0, then x = 5.
Thus P is at a distance of 5m from B and 5+7 = 12m from A.
33. In the figure we found that if the breadth of the hall is x m, then x
satisfies the equation 2x2 + x – 300 = 0
Applying the factorisation method, we write this equation as
2x2 – 24x + 25x – 300 = 0
2x (x – 12) + 25 (x – 12) = 0
i.e., (x – 12)(2x + 25) = 0
So, the roots of the given equation are x = 12 or x = – 12.5.
Since x is the breadth of the hall, it cannot be negative.
Thus, the breadth of the hall is 12 m and its length = 2x + 1 = 25 m
34. Let the breadth of the plot be 'x' m
∴ Length = (2x + 1) m

Now, Area of the plot = 528 m2

⇒ L × B = 528 m2
2
⇒ (2x + 1) × x = 528 ⇒ 2x + x − 528 = 0

This is the required quadratic equation.

35. Distance travelled by the train = 480 km
Let the speed of the train be x kmph
Time taken for the journey = 480

Given speed is decreased by 8 kmph

Hence the new speed of train = (x – 8) kmph
Time taken for the journey = 480

x−8

480 480
= + 3
x−8 x

480 480
⇒ − = 3
x−8 x

480(x−x+8)
⇒ = 3
x(x−8)

480×8
⇒ = 3
x(x−8)
 ⇒ 3x(x − 8) = 480 × 8

⇒ x(x − 8) = 160 × 8

2
⇒ x − 8x − 1280 = 0

36. Amount of money after 1 year = Rs10000 (1 + 8

100
) = a1

Amount of money after 2 year = Rs10000(1 +

2
8
) = a2
100

Amount of money after 3 year = Rs10000(1 +

3
8
) = a3
100

Amount of money after 4 year = Rs10000(1 +

4
8
) = a4
100

2
8 8
a2 − a1 = Rs10000(1 + ) − Rs10000 (1 + )
100 100

8 8
= Rs10000 (1 + ) (1 + − 1)
100 100

8 8
= 10000(1 + )( )
100 100

a3-a2
2
8 8
= 10000(1 + ) − 10000 (1 + )
100 100

8 8
= 10000 (1 + ) (1 + − 1)
100 100

8 8
= 10000 (1 + )( )
100 100

Since.a − a ≠ a − a .It does not form AP.

3
2 2 1

37. Cost of digging the well after 1 me­tre of digging = Rs 150 = a1

Cost digging the well after 2 metres of digging
= Rs 150 + Rs 50 = Rs 200 = a2
Cost of digging the well after 3 metres of digging
= Rs 200 + Rs 50 = Rs 250 = a3
Cost of digging the well after 4 metres of digging
= Rs 250 + Rs 50 = Rs 300 = a4
and so on.
a2 – a1 = Rs 200 – Rs 150 = Rs 50
a3 – a2 = RS 250 – Rs 200 = Rs 50
a4 – a3 = Rs 300 – Rs 250 = Rs 50
i.e. ak + 1 – a is the same everytime.
So this list of numbers forms an AP with the first term a = Rs 150
and the common difference d = Rs 50.
38. Let the volume of the cylinder be 16 litres(a1).
Air removed by pump = 1

4
× 16 = 4 litres

Air present after first removal = 16 - 4 = 12 litres(a2)

 Air again removed = 1

4
× 12 = 3litres

Air present after second removal = 12 - 3 = 9 litres(a3)

The amount of air present in the cyinder is the series
16,12,9.....
a2 - a1 = 12-16 = -4
a3 - a2 = 9-12 = -3
Since the difference is not same. This is not A.P.
39. Let P be the principle, R rate of interest and In be the interest at the
end of n year
We know that
In = P Rn

100
[ Using : Interest  =
P RT

100
]

A sum of ₹1000 is invested at 8% simple interest per annum.

Here, we have
P = ₹1000, and R = 8% per annum
∴ I n = ₹( )= ₹ 80n
1000×8×n

100

Putting n = 1,2,3,..., we have

ln = 80n
I1 = 80 × 1 = ₹80
I2 = 80 × 2 = ₹160
I3 = 80 × 3 = ₹240
I4 = 80 × 4 = ₹320 and so on.
Since, In is a linear expression in n.
Therefore, the sequence of interest forms an A.P. with common
difference 80.
Hence, the sequence of interests is an A.P.
Also, Interest at the end of 30 years = I30 = 80n = ₹ (80 × 30) = ₹
2400
40. Since the production increases uniformly by a fixed number every
year. Therefore, the sequence formed by the production in different
years is an A.P. Let a be the first term and d be the common
difference of the A.P. formed i.e., 'a' denotes the production in the
first year and d denotes the number of units by which the production
increases every year.
 We have,a3 = 600 and a7 = 700 ⇒ a + 2d = 600 and a + 6d = 700.
Solving these equations, we get;a = 550 and d = 25.
1. We have, a = 550
∴ Production in the first year is of 550 TV sets.

2. The production in the 10th term is given by a10.​

Therefore, production in the 10th year = a10 = a + 9d = 550 + 9 ×
25 = 775. So, production in 10th year is of 775 TV sets.
3. Total production in 7 years
= Sum of 7 terms of the A.P. with first term a (= 550) and common
difference d (= 25).
7
= {2 × 550 + (7 − 1) × 25}
2

7
= (1100 + 150) = 4375.
2

41. The multiples of 4 that lie between 10 and 250 are:

12, 16, 20, 24, ...., 248
a2 - a1 = 16 - 12 = 4
a3 - a2 = 20 - 16 = 4
a4 - a3 = 24 - 20 = 4
As ak+1 - ak is the same for k = 1, 2, 3, etc.
The above list of numbers forms an AP with the first term a = 12
and the common difference d = 4
Last term (l) = 248
Let there be n term s in this AP. Then, nth term = l
⇒ a + (n - 1)d = 248

⇒ 12 + (n - 1)4 = 248

⇒ (n - 1)d = 248 - 12

⇒ (n - 1) = 236
236
⇒ n − 1 =
4

⇒ n - 1 = 59
⇒ n = 59 + 1

⇒ n = 60

Hence, 60 multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250.

42. Let the common difference of the given AP be d.
a=5
4th term = 9 1

2
 19
⇒ 5 + (4 − 1)d = [∵ an = a + (n − 1)d]
2

19
⇒ 3d = − 5
2
9
⇒ 3d =
2
3
⇒ d =
2

Therefore,
Second term = 5 + 3

2
=
13

2
= 6
1

and, third term = 13

2
+
3

2
= 8

Hence, the missing terms in the boxes are 6 and 8. 1

43. The given AP is 9, 17, 25,...

Here, a = 9
d = 17 - 9 = 8
Let n terms of the AP must be taken
Then, Sn = 636
n
⇒ [2a + (n − 1)d] = 636
2
n
⇒ [2(9) + (n − 1)8] = 636
2

⇒ n[9 + (n - 1)4] = 636

⇒ n[9 + 4n - 4] = 636

⇒ n[(4n + 5)] = 636

⇒ 4n
2 + 5n - 636 = 0

⇒ 4n2 + 53n - 48n - 636 = 0

⇒ n(4n + 53) - 12(4n + 53) = 0

⇒ (4n + 53) (n - 12) = 0

⇒ 4n + 53 = 0 or n - 12 = 0

⇒ n = − or n = 12
53

n = −
53

4
is in admissible as n, being the number of terms, is a natural
number
∴ n = 12

Hence, 12 terms of the AP must be taken.

44. Here, an = 4
d=2
Sn = -14
We know that
an = a + (n - 1)d
⇒ 4 = a + (n - 1)d
 ⇒ 4 = a + 2n - 2
⇒ 4 + 2 = a + 2n

⇒ 6 = a + 2n

⇒ a + 2n = 6 ...... (1)

Again, we know that

n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2
n
⇒ −14 = [2a + (n − 1)2]
2

⇒ -14 = n[a + (n - 1)]

⇒ -14 = n (a + n - 1)

⇒ -14 = n (6 - n - 1) .......From (1), (a + 2n = 6 ⇒ a + n = 6 - n)

⇒ -14 = n(-n + 5)

⇒ -14 = -n
2 + 5n

⇒ n2 - 7n + 2n - 14 = 0
⇒ n(n - 7) + 2(n - 7) = 0

⇒ (n - 7) (n + 2) = 0

⇒ n - 7 = 0 or n + 2 = 0

⇒ n = 7 or n = -2

⇒ n = - 2 is in admissible as n, being the number of terms, is a natural

number.
∴ n = 7

Putting n = 7 in equation (1), we get

a + 2(7) = 6
⇒ a + 14 = 6

⇒ a = 6 - 14

⇒ a = -8

45. Here, a = 7
a13 = 35
an = a + (n - 1)d
⇒ a13 = a + (13 - 1)d
⇒ a13 = a + 12d
⇒ 35 = 7 + 12d
⇒ 12d = 35 - 7

⇒ 12d = 28
28
⇒ d =
12

7
⇒ d =
3
 Again, we know that
n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2

13
⇒ S13 = [2a + (13 − 1)d]
2

13
⇒ S13 = [2a + 12d]
2

13 7
= S13 = [2(7) + 12 ( )]
2 3

13
⇒ S13 = (14 + 28)
2

13
⇒ S13 = (42)
2

⇒ S13 = (13)(21)

⇒ S13 = 273

46. Here, a = 15
1

1 1 1
d = − =
12 15 60

n = 11
We know that
n
⇒ Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2

11 1 1
⇒ S11 = [2 ( ) + (11 − 1) ( )]
2 15 60

11 2 1
⇒ S11 = [ + ]
2 15 6

11 3
⇒ S11 = [ ]
2 10

33
⇒ S11 =
20

So, the sum of the first 11 terms of the given AP is 33

20
.
47. Since the penalty for each succeeding day is ₹ 50 more than for the
preceding day.
Therefore, amount of penalty for different days forms an A.P. with first
term a = 200 and common difference d = 250 - 200= 50.
We have to find how much does a delay of 30 days cost the
contractor.
In other words, we have to find the sum of 30 terms of the A.P.
n = 30, a = 200 and d= 50
∴ Required sum = {2 × 200 + (30 − 1) × 50} 30

n
[∵ Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]]
2

⇒ Required sum = 15 (400 + 29 50) ×

⇒ Required sum = 15 (400 + 1450)

⇒ Required sum = 15 1850 = 27750 ×

Thus, a delay of 30 days will cost the contractor of ₹ 27750.

48. It is given that the sum of seven cash prizes is equal to ₹ 700.
And, each prize is ₹ 20 less than its preceding term.
 Let the value of first prize = ₹ a
Let the value of second prize =₹ (a−20)
Let the value of third prize = ₹ (a−40)
So, we have a sequence of the form:
a, a−20, a−40, ...................
It is an arithmetic progression because the difference between
consecutive terms is constant.
First term = a, Common difference = d = (a − 20) − a= −20
n = 7 (Because there are total of seven prizes)
S7 = ₹ 700 {given}
Applying formula, S n
=
n

2
[2a + (n − 1)d] to find sum of n terms of AP,
we get
7
S7 = [2a + (7 − 1)(−20)]
2

7
⇒ 700 = [2a − 120]
2

⇒ 200 = 2a− 120

⇒ 320 = 2a
⇒ a =160
Therefore, value of first prize = ₹ 160
Value of second prize = 160 - 20= ₹ 140
Value of third prize = 140 - 20= ₹ 120
Value of fourth prize = 120 - 20 = ₹ 100
Value of fifth prize = 100 - 20 = ₹ 80
Value of sixth prize = 80 - 20 = ₹ 60
Value of seventh prize = 60 - 20 = ₹ 40
49. Since each section of each class plants the same number of trees as
the class number and there are three sections of each class.
Three sections of class I will plant = 1 × 3 = 3
Three sections of class II will plant = 2 × 3 = 6
Three sections of class III will plant = 3 × 3 = 9 and so on.
Three sections of class XII will plant = 12 × 3 = 36
So, we get an A .P. 3, 6, 9, ..., 36.
Here a = 3 and d = 6 -3 = 3
an = 36
We know that, an = a +(n -1) d
3 + (n - 1) 3 = 36
(n - 1) 3 = 33
 (n - 1) = 11
n = 11+ 1
n = 12
Sn = (a + a n

2
1 n) =
12

2
(3 + 36) = 234

50. According to question we are given that a spiral is made up of

successive semi-circles, with centres alternately at A and B, starting
with centre at A, of radii 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm, ....as shown in
Fig.
Let l1, l2, l3, l4,..l13 be the lengths (circumferences) of semi-circles of
radii r1= 0.5 cm, r2 =1.0 cm, r3 = 1.5 cm, r4 = 2.0 cm, r5 = 2.5 cm,...
respectively.

Now, Semi-perimeter of circle = π ⋅ r

Therefore,
π
l1 = πr1 = π × 0.5 = cm
2

π
l2 = πr2 = π × 1 = 2 ( ) cm
2

3 π
l3 = πr3 = π × = 3( ) cm
2 2

π
l4 = πr4 = π × 2 = 4 ( ) cm
2

and
13 π
l13 = πr13 = π × cm = 13 ( ) cm
2 2

Therefore total length of the spiral = l1 + l2 + l3 +...+ l13

π π π π
= { + 2( ) + 3( ) + ⋯ + 13 ( )}
2 2 2 2
π
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 13)
2

π 13 n
= × (1 + 13) [ Using Sn = (a + l)]
2 2 2

=
π

2
×
13

2
× 14 = 1

2
×
22

7
× 13 × 7 = 143cm
which is required length of the spiral made up of thirteen consecutive
semi-circles.
51. Let the required number of rows be n.
According to question:-
20 + 19 + 18 + ... to n terms = 200 ...(1)
 The equation (1) is an arithmetic series in which
a = 20,d=(19 - 20) = -1 and Sn = 200
We know that sum of n terms of an A.P. is given by :-
Sn = {2a + (n -1)d} ...(A)
n

∴
n

2
{2 × 20 + (n - 1)× (-1)} = 200
⇒ n(41 - n) = 400
⇒ - n
2 + 41n - 400 = 0

⇒ n2 - 41n + 400 = 0 (taking minus sign common)

⇒ n
2 - 25n - 16n + 400 = 0
⇒ n(n - 25) - 16(n - 25) = 0
⇒ (n - 25)(n - 16) = 0

⇒ n - 25 = 0 or n - 16 = 0

⇒ n = 25 or n = 16

Now, nth term of an A.P. is given by :-

Tn = a + (n - 1)d ...(B)
⇒ T25 = (a + 24d) = 20 + 24 × (-1) = -4
This is meaningless as the number of logs cannot be negative. So, we
reject the value n = 25
∴ n = 16.

Thus, there are 16 rows in the whole stack.

Now, again using formula B for 16th term of A.P., we get :-
T16 = (a + 15d) = 20 + 15 × (-1) = 20 -15 = 5
Hence, there are 5 logs in the top row.

52.

Let d1 = Distance run by the competitor to pick up first potato = 2 ×

5m
d2 = Distance run by the competitor to pick up second potato = 2 (5
+ 3) m
d3 = Distance run by the competitor to pick up third potato = 2 (5 +
2 × 3) m
d4 = Distance run by the competitor to pick up fourth potato = 2 (5 +
 3 × 3) m .....
dn = Distance run by the competitor to pick up nth potato = 2 {5 + (n
-1) × 3} m
Therefore, total distance run by the competitor to pick up n potatoes
= d1 + d2 + d3 + ... + dn
= 2 × 5 + 2(5 + 3) + 2 (5 + 2 × 3) + 2 (5 + 3 × 3) +.....+2{5 + (n - 1) ×
3} metres
= 2 [5 + {5 + 3} + {5 + (2 × 3)} + {5 + (3 × 3} +....+ {5 + (n - 1) × 3}]
= 2 [(5 + 5 + ⋯ + 5) + {3 + (2 × 3) + (3 × 3) + ⋯ + (n − 1) × 3}]
n−times

= 2[5n + 3{1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (n − 1)}]

n−1 n
= 2 [5n + 3 ( ) {1 + (n − 1)}] [U sing : Sn = (a + l)]
2 2

= [10n + 3n (n - 1)] = 3n2 + 7n = n(3n + 7) metres

3n(n−1)
= 2 {5n + }
2

53. Volume of concrete required to build the first step, second step and
third step (in m2)
= 1

4
×
1

2
× 50, (2 ×
1

4
) ×
1

2
× 50, (3 ×
1

4
) ×
1

2
× 50

= 50

8
,2 ×
50

8
,3 ×
50

8
,.....

∴ Total volume of concrete required = 50

8
+ 2 ×
50

8
+ 3 ×
50

8
+. . . .

50
= [1 + 2 + 3+. . . . . . .]
8

Sn = n

2
[(2a + (n - 1)d]
S15 = 50

8
×
15

2
[2 × 1 + (15 − 1) × 1] [∵ n = 15]

50 15
= × × 16
8 2

= 750 m3
54. It is given that the gap between two consecutive rungs is 25 cm and
the top and bottom rungs are 2.5 metre i.e., 250 cm apart.
∴ Number of rungs = + 1 = 10 + 1 = 11. 250

25

It is given that the rungs are decreasing uniformly in length from 45

cm at the bottom to 25 cm at the top.
Therefore, lengths of the rungs form an A.P. with first term a = 45 cm
and 11th term l = 25 cm. n = 11
∴ Length of the wood required for rungs = Sum of 11 terms of an A.P.
with first term 45 cm and last term is 25 cm
=
11

2
( 45 + 25 ) cm [∵ S = (a + l)] n
n

2
 =
11

2
(70) cm
= 11 (35) cm
= 385 cm
Length of the wood required for rungs = 385

100
= 3.85 metres (∵100 cm
= 1 m)
The length of the wood required for the rungs is 3.85 metres.
55. According to the question,we have to find the value of x.
We are given an AP, namely 1,2,3,..., (x -1), x, (x +1),..., 49
such that 1 + 2 + 3 +... + (x -1) = (x +1) + (x + 2) +... + 49.
Thus, we have Sx-1= S49- Sx ... (i)
Using the formula, Sn = n

2
(a + l) in (i), we have,
(x−1) 49 x
⋅ {1 + (x − 1)} = ⋅ (1 + 49) − ⋅ (1 + x)
2 2 2

x(x−1) x(x+1)
⇒ + = 1225
2 2

2x2=2450 ⇒ x2 =1225 ⇒ x=√1225=35

−−−−
⇒

Hence, x = 35.