YDS DENEME 3

4. The study of magnetic properties in the rocks of

1-16:For these questions, choose the best word or North America suggests that the magnetic pole
expression to fill the space. has shifted ---- over the last several hundred
million years, causing changes to the climatic
conditions on Earth.
1. Although it seems very obvious today that culture
exerts a strong influence on your thoughts and A) humanely B)significantly
actions, this notion was largely ---- in mainstream C) generously D) prestigiously
psychology for many years.
E) courteously
A) determined B) adopted

C) induced D)overlooked

E) honoured

5. In Canada, the original policy regarding the native

peoples was to drive the indigenous people away
from their ancestors and isolate them on
segregated reserves, ---- most of the land was
2. When scientists ---- the results of an experiment used exclusively by Europeans.
in pursuit of conclusive evidence, they naturally
suspect that the original data ---- on purpose. A)thus B) similarly

A)can’t repeat/ may have been falsified C) however D) in case

B) don’t have to repeat / might be falsified E) otherwise

C) shouldn’t repeat / could be falsified

D) wouldn’t have repeated / had better be falsified

E) mustn’t repeat / would rather be falsified

6. It is not enough for a company to have a general

idea of what it wants to achieve in the near future,
it also needs to ---- a master plan that details how
to achieve its targets.

3. Most varieties of seaweed contain 10 ---- 20

percent protein, and are rich ---- fibre and A) live up to B) fall back on
vitamins.
C) cut down on D)come up with
A) below / from B) across / to
E) do away with
C)to / in D) out of / into

E) over / of

1
 YDS DENEME 3

7. Clinicians sometimes may not realize that the 12. Many people tend to think that visually impaired
symptoms they see in patients are part of an ---- people have an extraordinarily improved hearing
telomere problem due to their genetic make-up. ability, ---- there is as yet no research that backs
up this suggestion.
A) preventive B) comparative
A) since B)so that
C)inherited D) resentful
C) just as D) once
E) confined
E)even though

8. Many societies ---- that the emissions from cars 13. The country of Malta, one of the smallest states in
are harmful to the environment, and ---- steps to the European Union, has managed to ---- its
reduce their use of their own cars. unique cultural identity, despite its contact with
A) realized / had taken foreign influences throughout its 6,000 years of
history.
B) had realized/ have taken

C) were realizing / will take

A) deserve B) initiate
D)have realized /are taking
C) perceive D) reverse
E) will realize / take
E) preserve

9. ---- deprived of communication not only with their

peers but also their environment, certain autistic 14. Chinese scientists ---- to remeasure Mount
persons have extraordinary memory compared to Everest for the first time in 20 years, ---- theories
others with the disorder. as to its growing about a centimeter each year.
A) In case B) As if A) began / being checked
C) Just as D) As soon as B) begin / checked
E) Although C) will begin / to check

D) are beginning / having checked

E) have begun / checking

10. Changes ---- musical styles generally take place
gradually, in complex ways, and ---- different
times in different areas.
15. The portrait in ancient Rome had a twofold
A) to /below B)in / at function in that it ---- preserved the person's
image ---- contributed to the history of the family.
C)with / off D) through / by
A) both / and B) so / that
E) of / from
C) such / that D) just / as

E) whether / or

11. Native plants in a given location can be seriously

depleted due to the ---- of exotic plants to their
habitats since they cannot compete with the 16. ---- its peculiar geographic location surrounded
incoming invasive plants. by seas and oceans, there are many plants and
A) introduction B) expansion animals which exist only in Australia.

C) obstruction D) deterioration A) Despite B)Because of

E) exploitation C) Contrary to D) Unlike

E) But for

2
 YDS DENEME 3

17-21: For these questions, choose the best word or 19.

expression to fill the spaces in the passage.
A) crucially

B) massively
Aristotle, regarded as the true pioneer of philosophy, C) profoundly
wrote almost 200 works, most in the form of notes and
D)reportedly
manuscript drafts (17) ---- with reasoning, rhetoric, politics,
E) randomly
ethics, science and psychology. They (18) ---- of
dialogues, records of scientific observations and
systematic works. When it comes to how all these
reached us, his student Theophrastus (19) ---- looked
after Aristotle’s writings and later passed them to his own
student Neleus. It was Neleus who stored them in a vault
for a long while to protect them from moisture (20) ----
they were taken to Rome and used by scholars there and 20.
thereafter. (21) ---- Aristotle’s estimated 200 works, only A) in case B) unless
31 are still in circulation. Most date to Aristotle’s time at
C) although D) until
the Lyceum.
E) as long as

17.

A) being dealt B) having dealt

C) dealing D) to be dealt

E) dealt 21.

A) With B) Over

C) About D) By

E)Of

18.

A) consist B) would consist

C) had consisted D) will have consisted

E) have consisted

3
 YDS DENEME 3

22-26: For these questions, choose the best word or 24.

expression to fill the spaces in the passage.
A)adopted

B) allocated
The word Vlog derives from video blog and refers to a type C)endured
of blog where the content is in video form. Vlog posts
D) disputed
consist of creating a video of yourself or an event,
E) rejected
uploading it to the internet, and publishing it (22) ----a post
on your blog. However, it doesn't have to be that
restrictive. In the early days of blogging, vlogs (23) ----
podcasts, a term that was used to refer to both audio and
video blog posts. Today the two have (24) ---- their own
distinct terminology. The term vlog is also used by video
streamers who don't use a blog but post scheduled
25.
updates via other means like YouTube. (25) ----, live
A) Therefore B) Instead
broadcasts are available too, from websites like YouTube
and Facebook, and those are also considered vlogs. C) However D) Indeed
Vlogging, therefore, has become a mix of blogging and E) Otherwise
streaming, with or without the other (26) ---- there are
self-made, first-person videos involved.

22.

A)within B) from 26.

C)off D) into A) unless B) as soon as

E) by C) whether D)so long as

E) in case

23.

A) had been called B)were called

C)have been called D) will be called

E)are called

4
 YDS DENEME 3

27-36: For these questions, choose the best option 30. Climate change continues to threaten nature and
to complete the given sentence. animals, ----.

A) just as new species are following earlier timing of

biological events
27. Whereas the Arabian Peninsula has received
less than its share of attention from human- B) because many species are well-equipped to deal
origins scholars until now, ----. with the changes to their habitat

A) numerous productive excavations came to a C) as long as the government takes precautions to

sudden halt by violent conflicts in the region protect nature and animals

B) Lebanon, a perfect example of a place that is D) as they are failing to adapt to the accelerating
very rich in material, drew less attention climate change

C) there has been a long perception that this would E) although climate crisis has caused irreversible
not be a productive area for further excavations damage to our biodiversity

D) the more traditionally studied countries have

received an exaggerated and undue interest as
31. ----, thus people may underappreciate or
to the very beginning of our lives
misunderstand the risks associated with
E) many hot spots were destroyed in the civil war, handing over certain decisions to a robot.
and others are threatened by construction
A) Research shows that robots are far from
making correct, moral and rational decisions

28. ----, Neanderthals have never been regarded as B) The role of human-robot trust and of biases
capable of producing advanced weapons. must be carefully investigated
A) Although they could only hunt and kill their prey C) Misplaced trust could be deadly for those
at close range inside and outside of an autonomous vehicle
B) Unless the established views of Neanderthals as D) Lack of trust in intelligent and well-crafted
our clever cousins change agents is a serious problem
C) Just because they could hunt big animals
E) Biases influence our relationships with robots
through a variety of hunting strategies
for the worse and their use in the mainstream
D) Whether they could use javelins skilfully to hit a
target at a long distance
32. Although research has demonstrated the
E) As they have usually been imagined as the
stabilization and strengthening of memories
inferior cousins of modern humans during sleep, ----.

A) there is considerable evidence to make scientists

29. New research into using stem cells to treat hair think so
loss in humans may be promising, ----. B) the replay during sleep strengthens the still fragile
A) therefore, they have been rejected in different memory traces
fields C) learning during sleep has rarely been examined
B) because such treatments haven’t in particular D) replay during sleep improves the storage of wake-
proven effective in older adults learned information
C) however, the chances of this type of cure are E) the initial processing of new information should
slim due to genetic problems involved also be feasible during sleep
D) still, modern medicine is full of miracles
including cures for fatal diseases

E) though animal experiments have been shown

to be effective

5
 YDS DENEME 3

33. While it is generally believed that tool-making is 35. ----, it risks losing value due to inflation or even
what separated our human ancestors from other becoming worthless in the event of
primates, ----. hyperinflation.

A) our Stone Age ancestors felt the urge to make A) Although governments issue banknotes and mint
tiny tools coins out of a valuable physical commodity, such
as gold or silver
B) it is a need that we have been faced with and
driven by for thousands of years B) Just as money gives governments' central banks
greater control over the economy due to the
C) it was actually the miniaturization of them that set
power to print money
our ancestors apart from the rest of human-like
beings C) When governments and central banks seek to
insulate their currencies from the worst effects of
D) miniaturization is central to our earliest
the booms and failures
technologies going back at least 2.6 million years
D) Even if there are more opportunities for the
E) early humans chose to go small, went
creation of currencies due to their unlimited
everywhere, and transformed otherwise hostile
supply
habitats
E) Because money is not linked to physical
reserves, such as a national stockpile of gold or
silver

34. Volunteers don’t only have to help out in

disaster-hit regions and impoverished areas,
----.
36. The hippocampus, a small organ located in the
A) it is, therefore, much more dangerous to be a brain, appears to monitor social dynamics ----.
volunteer in hot spots right after a disaster
A) just as it tracks us moving physically through
B)you can be a volunteer at a place where other real spaces
people enjoy being and where you assist them
B) since it is almost impossible to describe social
in having fun as well
relationships without a spatial metaphor
C) you had better consider your own safety and
C) although we can think of social relationships as
health in the first place as a result
a navigation problem
D) there is, however, little you can do on your
D) as the paths of our relationships evolve over
own in such areas time
E) charities, on the other hand, organize the E) whether a similar social landscape exists in the
disaster relief efforts much better with the help brain
of such volunteers

6
 YDS DENEME 3

37-42: For these questions, choose the most 39. Over 100 million people in the world have migrated
accurate Turkish translation of the sentences in to other countries due to war and poverty and as
English, and the most accurate English translation the number of immigrants has increased, so has
of the sentences in Turkish. controversy about immigration policies.

A) Dünyada 100 milyondan fazla insan esasen açlık

ve yoksulluk nedeniyle başka ülkelere göç etmiştir
37. Although science has not yet succeeded in
achieving anything resembling an artificial brain, ve göçmen sayısında artış olması göç
simple networks have been developed showing politikalarındaki tartışmalarda artışa sebep
brain like properties. olmuştur.

A) Bilim henüz yapay bir beyne benzeyen bir şey elde B) Dünyada 100 milyonun üzerinde insanın başka
etmeyi başaramamıştır, ancak beyin benzeri ülkelere göç etmelerinin arkasındaki neden
özellikler gösteren basit ağlar geliştirilmiştir. yoksulluk ve açlıktır ve göç edenlerin sayısı
arttıkça, göç politikaları konusundaki tartışma da
B) Bilim henüz yapay bir beyne benzeyen bir şey elde
artmıştır.
etmeyi başaramamış olsa da, beyin benzeri
özellikler gösteren basit ağlar geliştirilmiştir. C) Dünyada 100 milyondan fazla insan açlıktan ve
yoksulluktan dolayı başka ülkelere göç etmiştir ve
C) Yapay bir beyne benzeyen bir şey bilim tarafından
göçmen sayısında artış olduğu için göç politikaları
henüz gerçekleştirilememiş olsa da, beyin benzeri
hakkındaki tartışmalara da sebep olmuştur.
özellikler gösteren basit ağlar geliştirilmiştir.

D) Henüz yapay bir beyne benzeyen bir şey elde D) Dünyada açlık ve yoksulluk, 100 milyondan fazla
etmeyi başaramamış olan bilim, beyin benzeri insanın başka ülkelere göç etmesine sebep olmuş
özellikler gösteren basit ağlar geliştirilmiştir. ve göçmen sayısının artması, göç politikaları
konusundaki tartışmayı artırmıştır.
E) Bilim henüz yapay bir beyne benzeyen bir şey elde
etmeyi başaramamış olması, beyin benzeri E) Dünyada 100 milyondan fazla insan savaş ve
özellikler gösteren basit ağlar geliştirilmiş olduğu yoksulluk nedeniyle başka ülkelere göç etmiştir ve
gerçeğini değiştirmez. göçmen sayısı arttıkça, göç politikaları
konusundaki tartışma da artmıştır.
.

40. İsrail’in Negev Çölü’nde 1200 yıllık bir caminin

kalıntıları gün ışığına çıkarılmıştır ve bunun
38. Learning disabilities are neurological disorders dünyanın en eski camilerinden biri olduğu
that often impede the ability for individuals to düşünülmektedir.
acquire academic skills and interact socially.
A) The remains of a 1200-year-old mosque have
A) Öğrenme güçlükleri nörolojik bozukluklar olarak been unearthed in Israel’s Negev Desert and it is
tanımlanır ve bazı bireylerin akademik beceriler thought to be one of the earliest mosques in the
kazanmalarını ve sosyal olarak etkileşim world.
kurmalarını engeller.
B) The remains of a 1200-year-old mosque which is
B) Bazı bireyler akademik becerilerini kazanmalarını thought to be one of the oldest mosques in world
ve sosyal olarak iletişim kurmalarını engelleyen have been discovered in Israel’s Negev Desert.
öğrenim güçlükleri yaşarlar.
C) It is thought that the mosque that has been
C) Öğrenme güçlükleri, bireylerin akademik beceri discovered in Israel’s Negev Desert is one of the
kazanma ve sosyal bir şekilde etkileşim kurma oldest mosques in the world.
kabiliyetlerine sekte vuran nörolojik bozukluklardır.
D) The remains of a 1200-year-old have been
D) Öğrenim güçlükleri bazı bireylerin akademik discovered in Israel’s Negev Desert and it is
becerileri kazanmasında ve sosyal olarak iletişim thought to be much older than others all around
kurmasında engeller yaratan nörolojik the world.
bozukluklardır.
E) It is thought that the remains of the mosque found
E) Öğrenim güçlüğü bireylerin sosyal olarak iletişim in Israel’s Negev Desert belong to the oldest
sağlamasını ve akademik beceriler kazanmasını known mosque throughout the world.
engelleyebilen nörolojik bozukluklardır.

7
 YDS DENEME 3

41. Bazı doktorlar, kalp ve damar hastalığına 42. Çeşitli sağlık tehlikelerinin ardındaki suçlu olduğu
yakalanma riski daha yüksek olan kişilerde kalp düşünülen endüstriyel kirlilik o kadar çok çevresel
krizlerini önlemeye yardımcı olmak için günlük felaketin nedeni olmuştur ki, hepsini listelemek
aspirin kullanılmasını önermektedir, ancak yeni imkansızdır.
araştırmalar bu uygulamanın tehlikeli olabileceğini
A) Industrial pollution, which is suspected to be the
göstermektedir.
culprit behind many health hazards,is the cause of
A) While new research shows daily use of aspirin can so many environmental disasters that it is
be dangerous, some doctors still recommend this impossible to list them all.
practice for people with a higher risk for
B) Suspected to be the culprit behind several health
developing cardiovascular disease to help prevent
hazards, industrial pollution has been the cause of
heart attacks.
so many environmental disasters that it is
B) Daily use of aspirin has been shown to be impossible to list them all.
dangerous for people with a higher risk for
C) Suspected to be the reason for several health
developing cardiovascular disease, but some
hazards, industrial pollution has been the cause of
doctors recommend this practice to help prevent
so many environmental disasters that it may not
heart attacks.
be impossible to list them all.
C) Some doctors recommend daily use of aspirin to
D) The number of natural disasters that industrial
help prevent heart attacks in people with a higher
pollution caused is so high that it is impossible to
risk for developing cardiovascular disease, but
make a list and it is suspected to be the culprit
new research reveals that this practice can be
behind several health hazards.
dangerous.
E) Industrial pollution, suspected to be the culprit
D) Although daily use of aspirin can be dangerous for
behind several health hazards, has been the
people with a higher risk of developing
cause of too many natural disasters, so one
cardiovascular disease, some doctors highly
cannot make a list of them all.
recommend this practise as a way of preventing
heart attacks.

E) Some doctors may recommend daily use of aspirin

to help prevent people from heart attacks,
however, new research shows this practise may
be dangerous for people with a higher risk of
developing cardiovascular disease.

8
 YDS DENEME 3

43-46: Answer these questions according to the 44. Which of the following can be concluded from the
passage below. passage?

A) The initial research findings of the new cure on

mice have proven detrimental.
A pharmaceutical company claims it will have a complete
cure for cancer soon and the treatment is revolutionary. B) The researchers developing the new cure are
They say their cure will be effective immediately, last for a hesitant about initiating human trials.
few weeks, and have no side-effects and be at a much
lower cost than other treatments on the market. In addition, C) The previous attempts of the company to develop
the solution will be both generic and personal. The cure is an anti-cancer drug resulted in failure.
called MuTaTo, which stands for “multi-target toxin.” It D) One drawback of the cure is that cancer cells
attacks cancer cells at once with several compounds start mutating when the treatment is over.
comprising of amino acids, and this multi-divided attack is
key to the treatment’s efficiency as cancer cells can mutate E) Having a multi-purpose attack is what makes the
in such a way that targeted receptors are dropped by the cure highly capable of eliminating cancer cells.
cancer. They claim that the treatment will not be affected
by these mutations as it hinders the possibility of mutations
with the number of targets used. Instead of attacking
receptors one at a time, the cure attacks receptors three at
a time. Not even cancer can mutate three receptors at the 45. The passage is mainly about ----.
same time. The company has already used the treatment
to impede cancer cell growth in mice without affecting their A) the reasons why the new cure has the potential to
healthy cells at all. They will soon begin clinical trials after treat many fatal diseases like cancer
which the treatment could be available in specific cases for
B) an innovative cancer treatment and its potential
people. Clearly, the treatment sounds extraordinary, but we
side effects on patients
will reserve our excitement until after the company’s cancer
cure stands up to the scrutiny of the scientific community. C) the controversy over a novel cancer treatment
developed by a pharmaceutical company

D) a groundbreaking cancer treatment claimed to

43. Which of the following is true about the new
cure all types of cancers
cancer treatment?
E) the possible implications of the new cancer cure
A) It is not much of a ground-breaking development as
for existing cancer treatments
the pharmaceutical company claims.

B) It is expected to be overpriced compared to the

existing cancer treatments.

C) The human trials are scheduled to begin in the

near future.
46. What is the author’s attitude towards the new
D) The treatment will be available for certain cancer cure?
individuals rather than all people.
A) sarcastic
E) It is predicted that the cure will have some adverse
B) hesitant
effects on non-cancer cells.
C) pessimistic

D) ironic

E) indifferent

9
 YDS DENEME 3

47-50: Answer these questions according to the 48. Which of the following is true according to the
passage below. passage?

A) Authorities are reluctant to take action against

declining bee species due to the costs involved.
Bees are integral for reproduction of plants as they carry
out a crucial task called pollination. However, the bee B) World wars had a profound impact on farming
population has seen a drastic decline by 87% across practices in a number of countries.
many species since 1990. The most common cause C) The population of bee species is on the decrease
behind this decline is the widespread use of pesticides. despite the precautions taken by authorities.
Research shows that the use of pesticides has
significantly changed the way they look for food. D) Agricultural practices are largely to blame for the
Pesticides act as a deterrent for bees due to the disappearance of the bee species.
hazardous chemicals they include. Destruction of natural E) There has been a substantial decrease in the crop
habitat is another reason for this dreadful trend. It is yields over the last decades.
predicted that a dangerous ecosystem imbalance will
occur if all bee species are wiped out. It is a shocking
crisis unfolding right under our noses that explains the
49. The passage is mainly about ----.
unacceptably high cost of our addiction to pesticides and
monoculture farming. Since WWII, we have started using A) the strategies authorities must adopt to protect
much more synthetic fertilizers, and created crop bee species from extinction
monocultures, and thus we have systematically
B) why should bee species be considered
eliminated the flowering plants that bees need for
endangered species
survival. Authorities hope to raise awareness about this
issue as bees are responsible for the pollination of 90% C) the causes and effects of the decline in bee
of the crops worldwide. If we don’t act to save these species
remarkable creatures, our world will turn into an
D) what the future will look like with the
unpleasant place with little to no flowers.
disappearance of animal species such as bees

E) how poor environmental polices affect some

47. Which of the following can be concluded from species like bees
the passage?

A) Bees are just one of the species that have been

50. The underlined word “deterrent” is closest in
adversely affected by the climate change.
meaning to ----.
B) Human activities are pushing many species of
A) hindrance
bees towards extinction.
B) distance
C) Bee species have been affected more by
environmental phenomena than pesticides. C) determination

D) There is almost no research on the D) inclination

disappearance of bee species.
E) unwillingness
E) Authorities urge farmers to reduce pesticide use
to curb the decline in the bee population.

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 YDS DENEME 3

51-54: Answer these questions according to the 52. It is clear from the passage that ----.
passage below.
A) it is not a nuclear war that will cause the demise
of humans but other environmental threats

In 1947, two years after the destruction of Hiroshima and B) majority of people believe that doomsday
Nagasaki by atomic bombs, a magazine featured a scenarios are nothing but conspiracy theories
symbolic clock designed by some scientists on its cover. C) the clock has been redesigned with the help of
The clock displayed the time seven minutes to midnight, a new technologies over the last years
symbolic representation of how close humanity was to
destroying itself in a potential nuclear war. Since then, the D) some people seem to have lost their interest in
"Doomsday Clock" has been set back when nations the issues the clock represents
behave reasonably and set forward when international
E) the clock is a strong reminder of previous threats
tensions increase, a constant reminder of how close we rather than current ones
are to catastrophe. However, today it no longer refers
specifically to the threat of a nuclear war, but signifies the
likelihood of other doomsday scenarios as well, including
53. The author is of the opinion that ----.
climate change, global epidemics, and the dangers posed
by new technologies. It's now unclear how much of an A) a new set of criteria is needed to redefine the
effect the clock has had on public opinion and international issues represented by the clock
policy. Clearly, the clock had more of an impact in 1953,
B) people should disregard the issues that the clock
when the prospect of a Soviet Union armed with hydrogen
represents
bombs for the prospective World War III. In the following
years, however, when this never happened, most people C) the clock is still a significant indicator of the
chose to ignore the clock and focused on their daily lives. If various issues to be tackled
you accept the evidence in favor of global warming and are
D) governments throughout the world should take
alarmed by nuclear proliferation, you're likely to take the
the clock more seriously
clock more seriously than others. But whatever your views,
the Doomsday Clock at least serves as a reminder that E) the designers of the clock should have done a
these problems need to be addressed. better job to publicize it

51. Which of the following can be concluded from 54. The passage is mainly about ----.
the passage about the Doomsday Clock?
A) a brief history of the Doomsday Clock and what it
A) The clock has recently attracted public attention represents
due to the emerging issues like climate change.
B) the changes in the public attitude towards the
B) What the clock symbolizes has changed Doomsday Clock
depending on the developments over time.
C) various reasons why the Doomsday Clock was
C) Initial aim of the designers was to warn people designed
against many potential threats nature faced.
D) the main factors that inspired the designers to
D) The clock was designed by eminent scientists come up with the Doomsday Clock
during the mid-20th century.
E) the threats facing humanity in the wake of the
E) There is still a fierce debate over the issues that Second World War
the clock represents.

11
 YDS DENEME 3

55-58: Answer these questions according to the 56. The astonishing discovery about the tooth
passage below. sample is that ----.

A) Neanderthals were able to adapt to different

environments easily
Some 250,000 years ago, a Neanderthal baby was born
in modern-day France. At nine months of age, solid foods B) it was almost intact despite the harsh weather
were added to its breast milk diet. After two harsh conditions at that time
winters, it stopped feeding on its mother’s milk. These C) its owner was somehow exposed to lead
are some extraordinary insights into Neanderthal life contamination
thanks to an analysis of a long-buried tooth. Tooth
enamel which is similar to growth rings in trees, was laid D) it failed to provide valuable information about
down in layers, forming a record of the climate and Neanderthal lifestyle
chemical exposures faced by its owner. This is the first E) its owner consumed solid foods at an earlier time
time scientists have gained such detailed information than previously thought
about the climate at the time the Neanderthals lived. The
analysis revealed that they lived in a cold climate with a
great variation between summer and winter
57. It is clearly stated in the passage that ----.
temperatures. To the scientists’ surprise, the Neanderthal
child was exposed to lead as its teeth formed. The likely A) researchers wish to discover more tooth samples
culprit was contaminated food or water or inhalation of to gain a better understanding about the history of
lead-contaminated smoke. Researchers hope that further Neanderthals and other human species
tooth samples will provide better insights into the
B) the tooth sample the researchers have found is
environments and behaviors of Neanderthals, as well as
completely different from the ones discovered
of other early humans. They hope that this will add a
earlier
growing body of knowledge regarding the relationship
between teeth and anthropology and evolution. C) the French are of Neanderthal origin according to
the analysis of the recently discovered tooth
samples

D) the longer fossils remain unearthed, the better

55. It can be understood from the passage that ----. evidence they provide about the history of
humankind
A) some researchers think that just one tooth
sample is insufficient to draw conclusions E) the life style of Neanderthals was quite different
from that of other early humans according to the
B) the tooth sample caused a debate over the
analysis of the tooth samples
correlation between anthropology and evolution

C) tree rings have contributed to the researchers’

insight into the daily lives of Neanderthals 58. Which of the following can be concluded from the
passage?
D) the tooth sample has completely changed the
belief researchers have had about Neanderthals A) Fossils may provide misleading information
unless examined carefully.
E) researchers have gained valuable insight into
Neanderthal lifestyle relying on a tooth sample B) Neanderthal and modern day human lifestyles
can show striking similarities.

C) There were slight temperature differences

between seasons.

D) Fossils can contribute substantially to our

knowledge of anthropology and evolution.

E) Breastfeeding had to be stopped once the baby

was two years old.

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59-62: Answer these questions according to the 60. It can be understood from the passage that
passage below. Agatha Christie ----.

A) started writing detective stories since it was

relatively a more popular genre than others
Agatha Christie is one of the rare writers who is still a
permanent figure in the literary world. Her most popular B) lost the popularity she enjoyed as an author after
and enduring character is HerculePoirot, the detective she killed off HerculePoirot in the final book
with an extraordinary ability to solve crimes. He appeared C) pretended to hate her most popular character,
in 30 of her novels, and is still a popular character today. HerculePoirot, to remain popular
Christie set out to create a character that was different
from the popular detectives of her time, who were often D) made a great deal of money out of the books in
elegant and aristocratic. A short, chubby detective was which HerculePoirot appeared
uncommon at that time. Later on, Christie, however, E) publicized her other novels more successfully than
hated her own character, and wished he would stop HerculePoirot series
being even more popular than her and thus she could
stop writing about him. This wasn’t a secret as Christie
herself said she hated him in many interviews. Her 61. Which of the following is true about Agatha
descriptions of Poirot clearly showed the distance she felt Christie according to the passage?
towards him. He is also described in disrespectful terms
A) The number of her books featuring Poirot
by the people he meets. It is clear that Christie regards
surpasses that of the other books she wrote.
him as a ridiculous little man whose sole ability is to solve
crimes. She finally killed off Poirot when she wrote the B) She aimed to create a hero like Poirot who stood
book called Curtain, then put the book in a safe and only out among other detectives at the time.
allowed it to be published after she died. In part this was
C) She owes her whole success to the distinct
to ensure she wouldn’t die without ending Poirot’s career.
character she created, HerculePoirot.
She also wanted to ensure no one would be able to keep
him alive after her death. And considering he is actually a D) HerculePoirot became even more popular
murderer in that final book, it is easy to see Curtain as following her death.
Christie’s bitter insult to the highly profitable character
E) The first book featuring HerculePoirot was
she created.
regarded as a masterpiece after its publication.

59. It can be inferred from the passage that Agatha 62. Why did Agatha Christie portray HerculePoirot as
Christie ----. a murderer in the final book?

A) was a prolific author who fell into disrepute A) To make sure his popularity continues to grow
towards the end of her career even after she died

B) became a source of inspiration for novice B) To make the readers hate him much more than
authors who were writing crime stories she did

C) probably began to feel jealous of Poirot when C) To send a message to her readers that even a
her very popularity was overshadowed by his hero like Poirot can become a murderer

D) told in one of her interviews that she would get D) To make everybody know how she really hated
rid of Poirot one day him from the very first novel he appeared in

E) concealed her hatred towards Poirot as she E) To ruin his long-lasting reputation and guarantee
aimed to maintain her commercial success that he would disappear forever

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63-67. For these questions, choose the best option 64.

to complete the dialogue.
Alice:
63. - Did you ever beg your teacher to have the class
Sally: outside while you were at university?

- Several publishing companies are increasingly Gary:

turning to digital products and discarding - Yes, for some reason, lessons that seemed
conventional print materials. boring inside became really enjoyable when we
Harry: were surrounded by green space.

- Well, it makes sense for them to do so. We are in Alice:

a digital world now. - ----
Sally: Gary:
- ---- - What do you mean?
Harry: Sally:
- You may have a point. But it might also pave the - Many of them have concluded that being around
way for several novelties in education. nature can cause all kinds of positive emotions in
A) Manufacturers should be more careful with their people.
practices that harm the environment.

B) There are those who are not digitally-literate and A) But, while this might sound like a good idea, it’s not
those without access to the internet. always a very practical one.
C) It could mean the end of books and other products B) Some researchers suggest that the opposite is true in
we are so familiar with. certain situations.
D) I am almost certain public will get accustomed to C) Well,teachers and educators should be aware that it’s
reading something on a screen quickly. probably not a magic solution.
E) It might lead to a better society by allowing the young D) In fact, scientists wouldn’t be surprised that we felt
to reach information more efficiently. this way.

E) But most lecturers think that students can easily get

distracted during an outdoor class.

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65. 66.

Interviewer: Sam:

- What inspired you to become a firefighter? - I have a neighbour who keeps asking for my Wi-Fi
password. I don’t know what to do and I don’t
Firefighter:
want to cause any trouble by turning him down.
- The things they achieved in the course of natural
Edward:
disasters made an impression on me as a child. I
have always admired firefighters who ran in to - ----
help the people who were trapped.
Sam:
Interviewer:
- That’s brilliant! The same is true for him. Perhaps
- ---- he will get scared.

Firefighter: Edward:

- True. But it can also be extremely rewarding - See? Problem solved. We may have just saved
because you know that at the end of the day you both of you from a serious real life situation.
save people’s lives.
A) I can’t believe how selfish these neighbours can get. I
A) Do you expect to see some changes in the role of would never do such a thing even if it was an
firefighting over the next five years? emergency.

B) Do you think general public should be educated on B) Have you ever thought about installing password
fire prevention? software? That way, you wouldn’t have to remember
all of your passwords.
C) Some people think firefighters should be well-
prepared for a career in firefighting? Do you agree? C) They say sharing is caring! You could always bring
up the issue of security. You could be held
D) Can you give an example of one of the most difficult
accountable for what he does.
parts of your job?
D) I could come over and talk to him so that he will know
E) Some people say it is both an emotionally and
that you aren’t alone.
physically demanding career. Do you agree?
E) One thing you can do is to hide your Wi-Fi network.
He won’t even know you have one.

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67. 68-71: For these questions, choose the best

rephrased form of the given sentence.
Harry:

- This anti-vaccination campaign seems to be

68. America's intense preoccupation with weight is
spreading. What’s your stance on it?
nothing short of a social and a business
Keith: phenomenon as they are spending a huge sum to
combat excess weight.
- Well, I am a man of science. So, obviously, I find
A) Americans have become so obsessed with obesity
it ridiculous. Those in favour of it have no idea that it has become a social as well as a business
how much damage they are causing other than phenomenon on which they spend huge sums.
children’s health.
B) Americans focus on the fight against obesity and
Harry: thus spend huge sums of money to solve it, so it
has become business phenomenon rather than a
- You seem to be implying something. social phenomenon.
Keith: C) As Americans are investing a vast amount of
money in their struggle with being overweight, one
- ---- can liken this to a social and a business
phenomenon.
A) Of course. It is high time the government put an end
to this absurdity! They should have imposed D) Americans have become obsessed with excess
sanctions on such parents long ago. weight, so they need to spend money to deal with
it, which makes it a business phenomenon instead
B) Here’s what. They claim that vaccines are the of a social one.
inventions of ill-intended pharmaceutical companies
E) The more overweight Americans become, the more
interested only in making more money. money they spend to combat obesity, so it has
C) I guess so. You should be concerned, too. Your son become a new social phenomenon.
is in the same age-group and so is prone to catching
an infection.

D) For one thing, worried parents have stopped sending 69. Since they believed the new approach they adopted
their kids to school for fear that they will get infected was anything but ordinary, the researchers decided
to put it into practice.
with something as simple as measles.
A) The novel method researchers devised was so
E) I doubt that. Sooner or later science will overcome extraordinary that they had no choice but to
those ignorant people and disprove all their claims implement it to see if it was effective.
regarding the use of vaccines.
B) Although the method the researchers developed
was something extraordinary, they decided to
implement it right away.
C) The researchers were brave enough to put the
novel method into practice even though it had
never been tested before.
D) When the researchers conducted that the
methodology they came up with was unique, they
reached a decision to implement it.
E) The researchers decided that they would put the
new method into practice although they thought it
was too early to do so.

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70. New evidence has shown that sleep regulates a 72-75: For these questions, choose the best option
mechanism that can protect arteries from to complete the missing part of the passage.
hardening, which reinforces the previous studies
showing that sleep is important for cardiovascular
health.
72. Scientists have come up with a novel solution to
A) Many studies have proven that while insufficient filling holes in roads. They have created a
sleep may cause stiffness in blood vessels, regular bacteria-filled concrete to prevent cracks in a
sleep may help maintain a healthy heart. road from becoming larger. The concrete is full of
B) New evidence reveals that sleep deprivation may bacteria that burst open upon contact with water
lead to artery blockages though some other and inject limestone into the crack. ---- The
studies suggest it helps maintain cardiovascular discovery could considerably increase the
health. lifespan of roads, reduce repairs, and lower
C) Until recently, much research suggested that sleep roadwork costs by up to 50 per cent.
is beneficial to both arteries and cardiovascular
health, yet, a recent study has yielded A) Yet, thousands of people are killed because of
contradictory findings. these holes.

D) In line with the findings of latest studies, there is B) Still, drivers a year claim compensation for
evidence to prove that sleep is beneficial not only damages to their car caused by potholes.
for blood vessels, but also for a healthy heart.
C) Thus, they fill and repair it to avert more serious
E) The correlation between the recent and previous
studies which suggested that sleep is beneficial to damage.
both arteries and heart health is yet to be proven. D) Also, 7% of the world's CO2 emissions come
from the production of it.

E) Therefore, there will be fewer pollutants entering

71. The proliferation of plastics in the environment is the atmosphere.
a grave concern as these days a vast amount of
plastic is entering the oceans worldwide.
73. When trekking to the bottom of the Grand
A) Concerns about the huge amount of pollution in Canyon, hikers can glimpse geologic evidence of
the oceans caused by plastics are on the the Earth’s past. Each layer of the rock wall
decrease, while a huge amount of plastic is being represents a distinct period in Earth’s history. ----
dumped into the oceans across the globe. Geoscientists have theorized since the 18th
century about what caused these missing pieces
B) Nowadays, huge amount of plastics is polluting the
in the geologic record, a phenomenon called the
oceans all over the world; thus, the increase in
Great Unconformity. A new theory is that glaciers
plastics has become a serious concern for the
rapidly eroded large pieces of the Earth’s crust
environment.
during a period known as snowball Earth in
C) Because there has been a substantial increase in which the entire planet is believed to have been
the amount of plastics being dumped into the covered in snow.
oceans, it is a grave threat that should be taken
A) Similarly, new sediment settled on top of areas
into account to protect the oceans worldwide.
where the older rocks were exposed.
D) As the increase in plastic production has become
B) Yet, they uncovered a shift that coincides with the
a main concern in the world, people realize the
proposed beginning of snowball Earth.
proliferation of plastics in the environment.
C) But, there are also gaps in that record, where
E) Since a huge amount of plastics is entering the
some rocks are next to those half their age.
oceans worldwide each passing day, it can be
argued that plastics is mainly responsible for the D) Thus, some theorize that parts of the Earth’s crust
pollution of the oceans. were removed by massive glaciers.

E) Also, zircons, tiny crystals in grains of sand, hold

evidence of Earth’s early development.

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74. It might be easy to presume that substance 75. To most of us, the word “civilization” is
abuse is, in essence, a brain disease. After all, synonymous with enlightenment, culture or
that means the addiction cannot be of the refinement; it brings images of grand public
sufferer’s own making. But in reality, the label buildings or advanced social systems to mind. ----
can leave a patient feeling helpless, with no That’s so because from the Stone Age through the
control over the recovery. The most prevalent Bronze to the Iron Age, every major advance in
approach to substance abuse being as such, human civilization has been driven by a
most health professionals tend to define it as a fundamental development in materials. The
simply personal brain disorder to be association is so strong that we even name our
addressed through medication. ---- Indeed, historical eras after the materials that dominated
treating addiction solely as a brain disease at the time. Indeed, there are many scientists of
ignores research that concludes that the opinion that civilization is a way of measuring
rehabilitation therapies could benefit patients the progress in materials.
more.
A) Otherwise, the silicon revolution will soon be
A) If future evidence points elsewhere, scientists forced to come to an end due to rising costs.
should be open to considering all possibilities.
B) Also, transistors form the core of much of the
B) The problem is that research doesn’t support microelectronics enabling modern way of life
that diagnosis.
C) But as far as scientists are concerned, it is
C) Researchers nonetheless feel they have to go nothing more than a measure of the state of
where the evidence takes them. progress in materials.

D) Scientists are convinced that they are indeed D) Moroever, there is no fundamental reason why
seeing a negative result. the two phenomena can’t be combined.

E) One cannot rely on our vision alone but must E) However, there are many scholars who
instead consider the wider contextual data. emphasize the fact that they are totally different
concepts.

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76-80: For these questions, choose the irrelevant 78. (I) One day, a serious illness may end not with
sentence in the passage. surgery or bottles of pills, but with micro robots.
(II)Micro robots are simply microscopic-scale
automated machines designed to perform selected
76. (I) Once invented, technologies seem to take on a
movements in response to specific stimuli. (III)
whole new life, with their uses radiating into other
Compared to the problems of fabrication and
fields when an existing technology is adapted to
locomotion, drug delivery is relatively
help with other problems. (II) Other adaptations
straightforward. (IV) But their tiny size also means
reveal still more unforeseen uses of technologies.
that they could travel through the body to perform
(III) For instance, lidar was developed in the 1960s
tasks that no conventional robot could do. (V) For
and found an early use in measuring clouds. (IV)
example, they might clean out arteries that are
But the technology gained more notice when it was
blocked, perform targeted tissue biopsies, or treat
used in the 1971 Apollo 15 mission to map the
cancerous tumours from the inside.
Moon’s surface. (V) Today, airborne lidar is also
being used in archaeology to better assess the A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
locations and sizes of ancient settlements.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 79. (I) Determining the origins of prehistoric cave markings

is a complicated endeavour. (II) In caves that have
been occupied at various times by humans and other
77. (I) Sometime around their first birthday, human babies
mammals, it can be challenging to distinguish bear
begin to show signs of handedness, the habitual
claw marks from traces of engravings. (III) The
preference for using one hand rather than the other.
distinction of engravings and animal claw marks are
(II)This preference may change for different tasks,
also necessary in studies of art. (IV) Investigations that
ranging from holding objects nearby to using a spoon.
are too rushed or may be strongly influenced by
(III)However, over the next several years, it settles
theoretical views of prehistoric art can complicate the
into a fixed choice with increasing mastery in its use.
evaluation process. (V) Thus, in order to prevent
(IV) Yet, other primates that use their hands like us
misinterpretations, it’s best for researchers to be
don’t exhibit this trait to anything like the extent seen
thorough and follow the solid data provided by
in humans. (V) Even among our closest living
findings.
relatives, the chimpanzees, some individuals may
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
demonstrate a preference to use one hand or the
other.
80. (I) Many animals have magneto reception, so why not
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
humans? (II) Many humans are able to unconsciously
detect changes in Earth-strength magnetic fields. (III)
For example, honeybees, salmon, turtles, birds,
whales, and bats use the geomagnetic field to help
them navigate, and dogs can be trained to locate
buried magnets. (IV) It has long been theorized that
humans may share a similar ability. (V) However,
despite several studies attempting to test for it in the
1980s, it has never been conclusively demonstrated.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

END OF THE TEST

CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

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