LPA Training

Al Mouton
President Loytec Americas
A Networking Company

sales@loytec-americas.com
1
 Analog vs Digital Systems

Analog Voltage
0 to 10 volts Display
Temp
Sensor Unit
10 130
90
Volts 70 Display
20
0
Time

Smart Digital Packets Display

Temp 3 - 90 deg. 2- 70 deg. 1- 20 deg. Unit
Sensor

A packet contains a data field from a single word to many depending on packet size
A packet contains a source and destination address, command, data, check sum
2
- Computers sends large packets Internet
- Only one at a time can send WAN (Wide Area Network)
- Ethernet Protocol

IP = 192.168.0.1 Cable
Modem

Router 1
IP = 192.168.0.2

Router LAN (Local Area Network)

10/100mbps

Printer

Office Printer 1
IP = 192.168.0.5

John’ sPC Bob’ sPC

IP = 192.168.0.3 IP = 192.168.0.4
Mar y’sPC
IP = 192.168.0.5

3
 Control Networks
- Control nodes send small packets
- Only one at a time can send
- Up to 64 devices on a wire
- Typical data rate of 78kbps
- Typically 3000 feet of wire Ethernet Router
- LonTalk Protocol 10/100mbps
- Any device can talk to any other
device or devices
Router
Router
Display 2
Sub/node 2/1
Router 78/1250 kbps
5:43

78kbps Display 1
Sensor 1
Sub/node 1/1 Display 3
Sub/node 2/2
5:43
Sub/node 3/1
Sensor 1
Sub/node 1/2 5:43

VAV 2
Sub/node 3/2
VAV 1
Sub/node 1/3
4
 LonWorks Packet
Packet contains: Layers
- (2)Preable
- (3) Source address + destination address 2 3 4 5 6 2
- (4) Service type
- (6) Data
- (2) CRC error check byte Packet length from
11 to 64 bytes
CRC - cyclic redundancy checking Or 1.6ms to 56ms
The originating product calculates a 2 byte CRC,
then the receiving product Re-calculates and
compares with the originating product’ s CRC

Network

1 2 3 4 5 6 30

1=ackd to 5 2=ackd to 6 5=ack to 1 3=ackd to 30 6=ack to 2 30=ack to 3

5
This all happens in less that .05 seconds or 50ms
 Physical Layer
- FT-10 network EIA-709.4 Straight multi-drop or Bus Topology
- Terminators lower the line impedence and reduce noise pickup
- 78Kbps data rate or 2.5 ms per packet
- bus topolgy up to 64 devices distributed across the wire length
- terminated on both sides
- max stub length < 3m or 10 feet
- max bus length < 2700 m (8858 feet) 16 AWG suggest 4500 ft (Belden 85102)
- max bus length < 1400 m (4500 feet) 22 AWG suggest 3000 ft (Belden 8205)
- max bus length < 900 m (2400 feet) 24 AWG suggest 1200 ft

22awg = 25pf/ft 10 ohms/1000ft)

Near End to Far End Packets

1400m@22awg
1.2volts 0.6volts

Terminator
 Terminator

Module Module

3000 ft
6
1 2 3 64 nodes 64
 Physical Layer
- FT-10 network, free topolgy
- terminated at one location near the middle
- max total cable length <500 m (1600 feet) (Belden 85102) 16 AWG
- max total cable length <400 m (1300 feet) (Belden 8205) 22 AWG
Terminator

You cannot measure

52.3  the terminator with
Network an Ohm meter
Place somewhere
4
L2 Close to middle
L1

1 2
L4 L5
L3 3
Max=L1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6
L6

7
 Physical Layer
- TP 1250 network
- 1250 Kbps data rate or 250us per packet
- bus topolgy
- terminated on both sides
- max stub length < 1.5m or 4 feet
- max bus length < 300 m (750 feet) 16AWG
- max bus length < 130 m (400 feet) 22AWG
- No more than 8 devices within 16 m
Near End to Far End Packets
130m@22awg
2.8volts 2.0volts
Terminator Terminator

Module Module

8
1 2 3 64 nodes 64
 Terminator Devices

LT-33

TP78 Bus 105 ohm TP78 Bus

FT10 Free Top. 52 Ohm FT10 Free Top.
Resistor / Capacitor Network

LT-13

TP1250 Bus 105 ohm TP78 Bus

52 ohm FT10 Free Top.
Resistor / Capacitor Network
9
 Physical Layer
FT-10 signal, unterminated bus

Bit = 12us

3 Volt P-P

Noise

10
Scopes
Tenma 20mhz $750
Fluke 20mhz $1200 Physical Layer
Velleman
HPS10 10mhz $ 200
HPS40 40mhz $ 400 FT-10 signal, terminated bus

1.2 Volt P-P

Reduces RF
Radiation
Lowers S/N

11
Network Errors

12
 Loytec Protocol Analyzer (LPA)
Network Interface Products (NIC) LPA works with
LIP + NIC-852

Loytec is a Technology Company Hardware and Software 13

 NIC Hardware Configurations
• LPA-PP (printer port), LPA-PCI , LPA-USB,
• All have Three Physical Layer Interfaces (FTT10/TP1250/RS485)
• Invensys WorkPlace Tech has technical updates on installing NIC products

NIC-PP NIC-USB

TP1250 TP1250
FT10 FT10
RS485 RS485

NIC-PCI
TP1250 NIC-852
FT10
RS485
Turns your PC into a Network
Interface over the IP network

14
 How to Insure Good Network

• Most problems with a network are wire related. Either wrong

wire, corroded wire, wire taps, frayed wire, opens, shorts, etc.

• When using the LPA always check signal quality in multiple locations

along the network cable.

• Connect shield properly (ground on one side only. )

• Properly terminate the network to reduce induced noise.

• Keep routers out of heavy noisy areas.

• Use switches and routers instead of physical layer repeaters 15

 Layer 1 Errors
Noted Failures Cause
Hardware problems
Cable to long, wrong type or has to many nodes CRC Random Failures
Bad cables (open, shorted) AP no ack or response
Terminations (no terminators) CRC Random Failures
Terminations ( Wrong one –Free top. ) CRC Random Failures
Cable contacts corroded AP, CRC no ack or response
Ground problems CRC Random Failures
Cable-shield connected on both sides CRC Random Failures
Power Supply bad or dead AP no ack or response
Product Input bad AP High Bandwidth

Environmental problems
EMCpr oblems( noi
se,emissi
ons,…) CRC Random Failures
Humidity CRC no ack or response
Lightning damage AP no ack or response

All these problems can cause one of the following

LPA noted errors: CRC, Lost packet, short packets,
missed preamble or Alternate Path (AP) Flag (no Ack back)
16
 LPA to Find the Problems
1) LPA Statistics will
display error log
- CRC
- Bandwidth

2) LPA Node report will list Nodes in the network

sequentially by Domain, subnet,
node number

3) LPA will log packets showing all the details

PC/Controller/Router

PC,
Controller
or Router

105  105  17
1 2 16 17 30
 LPA Statistics Log
LPA Statistics will display error and bandwidth logs
1. CRC errors over 2% bad
2. Short Packets (typically caused by noise) >20% bad
3. Missed Preamble cause by packet collision
4. AP (Alternate Path) counting each time a
ACK/ACKD or Request/Response does not get through
5. Bandwidth greater than 50% will start causing delays
in response time and some loss of packets

USB

LPA-USB

LPA

PC/Controller/Router
A Side Motor
B Side
PC,
Controller
or Router

105  105 
1 2 16 17 30
18
 LPA Node Log
LPA Node log will list packet sequentially
- Will list the packet by Domain then nodes
- Will list the packet by subnet then nodes
- Will see nodes that are dead (not responding)
- Will see nodes that are high packet traffic
(either pole rate to high or defective product)
- Will see shorts or opens

USB

LPA-USB

LPA –Test Both Ends

PC/Controller/Router
A Side B Side
PC,
Controller
or Router

105  105 
1 2 16 17 30
19
 LPA Packets Analysis
LPA will log packets to identify which
nodes are close to the noise source
CRC errors will be displayed in red.
List all nodes that are having CRC
failures. If node 1 is talking to 3
probably no failure. If 1 is talking to
16 through 30, probably CRC
failure.
So if a few packets with the same Add L-Switch in
address are corrupted that indicates Smart Mode to
the source of the problem. Correct many problems
USB
If random packets are getting corrupted LPA-USB
than the noise is very broad range.
LPA

PC/Controller/Router
A Side Motor
B Side
PC, L-Switch
Controller
or Router

105  105 
1 2 16 17 30
20
 A Side Noise B Side
PC to Small Noise Floor
Node 30
Larger Noise Floor
PC to
Node 30
Noise Spikes
PC to
Node 30
Noise high by source

Noise –is measured as a ratio between signal-to-noise level. If the signal is 1 volt and the noise is .1 volt
than the ration is 10:1. As the signal is attenuated due to: wire length to long, to many devices ( loads <64) or
wrong wire types (higher capacitance), and the noise stays the same, then the signal-to-noise ratio gets worst.
Noise Source –Radi o‘sCel lPhones ,Sol enoides,ElectricalVehi cl
es,El ec tr
oni c Ballast, corroded
wire contacts, Electric Heaters, Motors and Motor Controllers

PC/Controller/Router Local noise source –motor, ballast, etc

PC, A Side B Side

Controller
or Router
105 1 16 105 21
2 17 30
 AC Noise 60 Hz / Motor Controllers
3ms
Potential CRC Failures
Motor Noise

LonWorks
Packets

Full Speed 75% Speed 50% Speed

8ms

Motor Speed
Control

AC signal is not as much of a noise problem because the LonWorks packets are only 2-3 ms in
length compared to 8ms AC time cycle. Motor speed controls are a problem because they
chop the AC signal causing major spikes that are both RF radiated and coupled on the AC line.
Motor
A Side B Side
PC,
Controller
or Router

105  105  22
1 2 16 17 30
 Noise Improvement Options

Before and After

LS33
L-Switch

Digital
Repeater/Router
Receives packet, discards if corrupt, only retransmits good packets without any noise

Repeater

Analog
Physical Layer Repeater
Receives packets, then Amplifies both the signal and noise, then retransmits both

For best results at improving network performance always use a Digital Router/Repeater

23
 Signal Attenuation with Noise
A 1500 feet B 22 AGW Lon Wire
PC or 300 feet 300 feet 300 feet 300 feet 300 feet
Router Terminator
T 5 Devices 5 Devices 5 Devices 5 Devices 5 Devices
- Terminators reduce noise in-between pulses and reduce signal reflection.
- Signal Attenuation resulting from terminators, device and wrong wire(high capacitance)

No Terminator No Terminator
+1.4 + 0.8 +1.2 + .6
25 Devices
A B

-1.4 - 0.8 -1.2 - .6

105 ohm Terminator No Terminator

+1.0 + 0.6
25 Devices A B + 0.9
+ 0.5.

- 0.6 - 0.9 - 0.5

-1.0

105 ohm Terminator 105 ohm Terminator

25 Devices A + 0.8 + 0.6 B +0.6
+ 0.3

- 0.6 - 0.6 - 0.3

- 0.8
24
 FT10 Signal Attenuation with Noise
A B 22 AGW Lon Wire
PC or 22 awg wire
Router
1 Devices
Terminator
T
- Terminators reduce noise in-between pulses and reduce signal reflection.

105 ohm Terminator 105 ohm Terminator

+ 0.6 + 0.55
500m A B + 0.5
+ 0.4

- 0.55 - 0.4
- 0.6 -0.5

105 ohm Terminator 105 ohm Terminator

+ 0.6
1000m A + 0.55 B + 0.4 + 0.3

- 0.4 - 0.3
- 0.6 - 0.55

105 ohm Terminator 105 ohm Terminator

+ 0.6
1500m A + 0.55 B + 0.3
+ 0.25

- 0.3 - 0.25
- 0.6 - 0.55 25
 TP1250 Signal Attenuation with Noise
A B 22 AGW Lon Wire
PC or 22 awg wire
Router
1 Devices
Terminator
T
- Terminators reduce noise in-between pulses and reduce signal reflection.

105 ohm Terminator 105 ohm Terminator

+1.4 + 1.3
100m A B + 1.2
+ 1.0

- 1.3 - 1.0
-1.4 -1.2

105 ohm Terminator 105 ohm Terminator

+1.4 + 1.25
250m A B + 1.0
+ 0.8

- 1.25 - 1.0 - 0.8

-1.4

105 ohm Terminator 105 ohm Terminator

500m A + 1.3 + 1.2 B +0.8
+ 0.6

- 1.2 - 0.8 - 0.6

- 1.3
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 LPA Bandwidth Analysis
Low Traffic with minimal problems. Alternate Path count 155

Alternate Path count 0. Devices not responding back to

ACK/ACKD or Request/Responce
Bandwidth 5% or 10pps
Failure due to Higher traffic

65%
55.3 65.1 75.1

27
 Bandwidth
One Second
10 packet / second

3ms * 100 =300ms interpacket time 2ms * 100 = 200ms leaves 500ms

100 packet / second

- 50 packet / second with Ack = 100 pps 50% bandwidth

- 100 pps with Ack = 200 pps 100% bandwidth
- Ackd/Ack and Req/Resp takes up 2 times Bandwidth
- High pole rate or monitoring rate causes high Bandwidth
- A device with a bad input port could cause high traffic
- Good practice is to keep bandwidth below 50% or 100pps
PC/Controller/Router
A Side B Side
PC,
Controller
or Router

105  105  28
1 2 16 17 30
 Bandwidth
1ms
.01 second Two 78k packets
3ms

78kbps 200 pps

.25ms
1,250kbps 2000 pps

10,000kbps 4000 pps

Ethernet Router The Higher the speed

10mbps
The more packets can
Be transmitted.
Router
Router Router
78/1250 kbps
78/1250 kbps
5:43
5:43 5:43

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 Bandwidth Router Issues
Bandwidth is determined by network speed
FT10 = 78kbps reliably @ 100pps
TP1250 = 1250kbps reliably @ 500pps
Ethernet = 10mbps reliably @ 2000pps Ethernet Router
100 mbps
Cable 50 ft
Fi
ber1000’ sf t

Ethernet Switch

FT10= 78kbps TP1250=1250 kbps 10 mbps

3000 ft 500 ft Cable 500 ft
1 1 1
63 63
1 1 1 1 1
. . . . .
63 63 63 63 63
78kbps 78kbps 78kbps
3000 ft 3000 ft 3000 ft

FT10 to FT10 TP1250 to FT10 Etherent to FT10

Lon Routers Lon Routers Lon Routers
100 pps 500 pps 2000 pps
30
 Loytec Routers (L-Switches)
Multi-port Router

Communication between the FTT-10

Channels with internal 1250kbs backbone
Reduces traffic on TP1250 Port

31
 Bandwidth Router Issues
Ch. 2 = 50pps ½ up = 25pps Ch. 3 = 50pps ½ up = 25pps
Ch. 3 = 50pps ½ up = 25pps Ch. 4 = 50pps ½ up = 25pps
Ch. 1 = down 50pps + up 50pps = 100pps Ch. 2 = down 100pps + up 50pps = 150pps
This network is past safe operation This network has lots of extra bandwidth

1250kbps Ch1 LS-13300 multi Channel Router

78kbps
Router 1250kbps
LS-33 Ch1 1250kbps 500pps = 50%
Ch2 1000pps = 100%
Router Router Router
Router Router
78kbps Ch3 Ch2 78kbps Traffic going from
5:43 5:43 78kbps Ch4 Ch3 78kbps Ch3 to Ch4 across
1 1
5:43
1 1
5:43 Ch2 is not seen
2 2 By Ch 1 and the PC
2 2

63 63
63 63

FT10 = 78kbps FT10 = 78kbps

50pps = 25% 50pps = 25%
100pps = 50% 100pps = 50% 32

200pps = 100% 200pps = 100%

 Bandwidth Router Issues
IP = Etherent
10,000 kbps or 10Mbps
2000pps = 50% Ethernet Switch or Router
4000pps = 100% Ch1 Ch8
1250kbps
500pps = 50% LIP-3ECT
1000pps = 100% Router
Ch2 1250kbps
Ch9 78kbps
5:43
1
Router
1250kbps 2
LS-13333
Ch3 multi Channel Router
Router Router Router Router
63
78kbps Ch7 Ch6 78kbps Ch5 Ch4
5:43 5:43
1 1
FT10 = 78kbps
2 2
50pps = 25%
100pps = 50%
FT10 = 78kbps 200pps = 100%
63 63 50pps = 25%
100pps = 50% Optimum 33
200pps = 100%
IP = Etherent
Bandwidth Router Issues
10,000 kbps or 10Mbps
2000pps = 50%
Ethernet Switch or Router
4000pps = 100%
Ch11 LIP-33ECT LIP-3333ECT
Ch7 Ch1
LIP-3ECT Router Router
Router
Router Router
1250kbps 1250kbps
Ch12 78kbps Ch8 Ch2
Router Router Router Router Router Router
5:43
1
78kbps Ch10 Ch9 78kbps Ch6 78kbps Ch5 Ch4 78kbps Ch3
2 5:43
5:43 5:43 5:43
1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2
63

63 63 63 63
FT10 = 78kbps
50pps = 25%
100pps = 50%
200pps = 100% 34
 Proprietary LonWorks System
A
Loytec Network Products B
C
D
LPA Data

Ethernet Router
Loytec A
NIC852
NIC-IP
LIP-3ECT
Proprietary
LIP-3ECT LIP-3ECT
LonWorks
NIC-IP Controller
Protocol Analyzer in PC with
C NIC-852 Key
B D - NIC-IP Hardware for remote monitoring
Extend 1 Extend - LIP-3ECT Expands Loop over Ethernet
1 Loop Loop New Capabilities
26
Over - LPA Protocol Analyzer can open multiple
2 applications at once. A-F as shown
2 Ethernet
27 - LSD Network Monitor
L-Switch - LPA-SPY Software -Network Monitoring
- Network Management Installation
64 - LNS Based NM Tools
25 64 - LDV (MIP) Based NM Tools
- NODEUTIL
LonWorks LonWorks LonWorks 35

EIA-709.1 EIA-709.1 EIA-709.1

 IP Networking Issues

•Switch Address Table

–Switches learn where devices are located
–They“ for
get”in5mi nut
es
–If you swap cables –power cycle switch

36
 Lightning Protection

When the network data line extends outside of a building or grounded structure,
every FTT10 and FT1250 device on the network segment whether located indo\ors
or outdoors, must be equipped with surge protection circuitry. In addition,
protection devices must be added to the network at every point where the network
able exits the building or structure

Shield

105  105 
1 17 30

Needed at each device

37
 Lightning Protection
Since putting lightning protection at each device is impractical, there are two other
Approaches. One is to add a Lon repeater at the each building site the other a Fiber Repeater

Lon Repeaters (LS-33)

Building A Building B

105  Repeater 105  105  Repeater 105 

Fiber Repeaters
Building A Building B

105  Repeater 105 

Repeater

38
 Different LPA Solutions
A
Netgear
Router Ethernet Router
B
C
NIC-852 D
L-Switch E
LS-13300C NIC-PCI Card
LPA Data
A 1250 kbps

NIC-IP
1250 kbps L-Switch LPA driver in PC with NIC-852 Key
L-Switch
NIC-IP
L-Switch NIC-IP Hardware for remote monitoring
L-Switch Multi-Channel
Smart Switch / Configured Router
78 kbps B D 78 kbps L-Switch 2 channel. Smart Switch
1 1 NIC-USB Used for mobile testing
78 kbps 1
1
New Capabilities
2 2 2 2 - LPA Protocol Analyzer can open multiple
applications at once. A-E as shown
L-Switch - LSD Software - Network Monitoring
C - LPA-SPY Software -Network Monitoring
64 64 L-Switch
64
NIC-IP - Network Management Installation Tool
78 kbps - LNS Based NM Tools
LON to IP
E - LDV (MIP) Based NM Tools
USB
64 - NODEUTIL
LPA-USB

Netgear
LPA NIC-IP 39
Router
LON to IP
 Loytec Product Solutions
LNS Manager
Ethernet Router Protocol Analyzer
NodeUtil
LIP-3ECT NIC-852
LIP-1ECT
LIP 1ECT Loytec driver in PC with NIC-852 Key
L-IP Routers and L-Switch Routers
New Capabilities
78kbps - LPA Protocol Analyzer of Channels
L-Switch Both LonWork and Ethernet
1 1250kbps LS-13333C - LSD Network Monitor
1250kbps - Network Management Installation
L-Switch - LNS Based NM Tools
2 L-Switch L-Switch - LDV (MIP) Based NM Tools
LS-13300C - NUTIL
-Router Server Config Table
64 78kbps in one L-IP
78kbps
L-Switch L-Switch 1 1
1 1 1
LS-33C 1
78kbps
2 2 2
1 2 2 2
4500 ft 20WAG
2 Per Channel
64 64 64
64 64 64
64
4500 ft 20WAG 4500 ft 20WAG
Per Channel Per Channel 40
Discussion

41
 Loytec Products
Number Description Compatible

ANSI/EIA709 Routers
LS-33CB 2 x TP/FT-10 LPR10
LS-13CB 1 x TP/FT-10 , 1 x TP/XF-1250 LPR12
LS-11CB 2 x TP/XF-1250 LPR15
LS-13300C(B) 1 x TP/XF-1250, 2 x TP/FT-10
LS-33300C(B) 3 x TP/FT-10
LS-13333C(B) 1 x TP/XF-1250, 4 x TP/FT-10

ANSI/EIA-709 to EIA-852 IP Routers

LIP-1ECTB 1 x IP-852 (Ethernet), 1 x TP/XF-1250 iLON600
LIP-3ECTB 1 x IP-852 (Ethernet), 1 x TP/FT-10 iLON600
LIP-33ECTB 1 x IP-852 (Ethernet), 2 x TP/FT-10 = 2-iLON600
LIP-3333ECTB 1 x IP-852 (Ethernet), 4 x TP/FT-10 = 4-iLON600
LIP-3ECRB 1 x IP-852 (Ethernet), 1 x TP/FT10 w. Redundancy

Network Interface Products

NIC709–PCI PCI Bus to TP/FT-10, TP/XF-1250 and TP/RS-485 PCLTA-21
NIC709–USB USB to TP/FT-10, TP/XF-1250 and TP/RS-485 U10/U20
NIC709–IP1E Ethernet to TP/XF-1250 Network Interface iLON10
NIC709–IP3E Ethernet to TP/FT-10 Network Interface iLON10
NIC852 Ethernet IP-852 Network Interface

Protocol Analyzer Package (LPA)

LPA-SET-USB NIC709-USB + NIC852 + LPA-Software Protocol Analyzer Kit
LPA-SW LPA-Software for NIC709 Interface Products LonScanner

Other Products
LVIS-3E100 Color TFT Touch Display with GUI
LP-13333C Multi Port Gateway 1-TP/XF-1250/4-FT10
LT-33 Dual Terminator FT10/TP78 42
LT-13 Dual Terminator FT10/TP/XF-1250
2/06
Further information and
Software-Updates

http://www.loytec.com
LOYTEC Americas Inc.
583 Union Chapel Rd
Cedar Creek, TX 78612
Tel.: 512-689-6847
Fax.: 512-332-2445
E-Mail: support@loytec-Americas.com

43