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Origin of Linguistics :

A Timeline

5th C.
Pāṇini (c. 520–460 BC) wrote the
Ashtadhyayi, a grammar of Sanskrit that
is considered one of the most important
works in the history of linguistics.
6th C.
Priscian (c. 500–570) wrote
Institutiones grammaticae, a Latin
grammar that was used for centuries
as a standard textbook.

7th C.
Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad (718–781)
developed the first systematic study
of Arabic phonology.
8th C.
Al-Farahidi developed the first
systematic study of Arabic
morphology.

9th C.
Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Hisham
(994–1075) wrote a book on the history
10th C.
of Arabic grammar, which is
Al-Farabi (872–950) developed a
considered one of the most important
theory of language that views
works on the history of Arabic language as a tool for
grammar. communication and thought.
Sedulius Scottus (c. 840–894)
wrote "De arte grammatica" a
treatise on Latin grammar.

11th C.
Sherira Gaon (988–1058) wrote a
book on the history of the Hebrew
language, which is considered one of
12th C.
the most important works on the Danielis Barbarus (1120–1160)
history of the Hebrew language. wrote the first Latin grammar to
be based on the principles of Greek
grammar.
Alexander Neckam (1157–1217)
wrote a book on grammar, which is
considered one of the most
important works on medieval
grammar.
Origin of Linguistics :
A Timeline

13th C.
Roger Bacon argued that language should
be studied scientifically, and that grammar
should be based on observation of actual
usage.
Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) argued that
language is a natural human ability, and
14th C.
that it is essential for communication and John Wycliffe (c. 1330–1384)
thought.
translated the Bible into English,
which helped to make English a more
widely used language.

15th C.
William Caxton (c. 1422–1491) was the
first English printer, and he published
many important works,
Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466–1536)
16th C.
published the first Greek New Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536)
Testament, which helped to revive the published a Greek New Testament,
study of Greek grammar and which helped to spark the
literature. Protestant Reformation.
John Calvin (1509–1564)
translated the Bible into French,
which helped to make French a
more widely used language.

17th C.
Francis Bacon (1561–1626) argued that
language should be studied scientifically,
18th C.
and that grammar should be based on Georges de Buffon (1707–1788) argued
observation of actual usage. that language is a product of human
John Wilkins (1614–1672) proposed a nature and that it evolves over time.
universal language, which would be Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716)
based on a logical system of
developed a theory of universal
classification.
grammar, which he believed was based
on the structure of the human mind.

19th C.
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913)
developed the structuralist theory of
language, which sees language as a
system of signs that are related to
20th C.
each other through a network of Noam Chomsky (born 1928)
oppositions. developed the generative
grammar theory of language,
which sees language as a system
of rules that are used to generate
an infinite number of sentences.
George Lakoff (born 1943)
developed the cognitive theory of
grammar, which views language as
a reflection of the way we think
about the world.
Origin of Linguistics :
A Timeline

21st century
Cognitive Linguistics gains prominence, exploring the relationship
between language and cognition.
Corpus Linguistics emerges, analyzing large collections of text to
study language patterns and usage.
Sociolinguistic and variationist approaches thrive, investigating
John Wycliffe (c. 1330–1384) translated
language variation and change across social contexts.
the Bible into English, which helped to
Neurolinguistics expands, studying the
makeneural
English abasis of language
more widely used
and language processing in the brain.language.

Intersection of linguistics with machine learning and AI, with


applications in natural language processing (NLP).
Ongoing research, discoveries, and new theories shape the field
of linguistics in the 21st century.

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