NCERT Solutions for Class 9

Maths
Chapter 1 – Number System

Exercise 1.1

1. Do you think zero is a rational number? If it is, then can it be expressed in

p
the form of q , where p and q are integers and q  0 ? Describe it.

Ans: Remember that, according to the definition of rational number, a rational

p
number is a number that can be expressed in the form of , where p and q are
q
integers and q  0 .
0 0 0 0 0
Now, notice that zero can be represented as , , , , .....
1 2 3 4 5
0 0 0 0
Also, it can be expressed as , , , .....
−1 −2 −3 −4
p
Therefore, it is concluded from here that 0 can be expressed in the form of ,
q
where p and q are integers.
Hence, zero must be a rational number.

2. Write any 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4 .

Ans: It is known that there are infinitely many rational numbers between any two
numbers. Since we need to find 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4 , so multiply
and divide the numbers by 7 (or by any number greater than 6 )
Then it gives,

7 21
3 = 3 =
7 7
7 28
4 = 4 =
7 7
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 1
 22 23 24 25 26 27
Hence, 6 rational numbers found between 3 and 4 are , , , , , .
7 7 7 7 7 7

3 4
3. Write any five rational numbers between and .
5 5
Ans: It is known that there are infinitely many rational numbers between any two
numbers.
3 4
Since here we need to find five rational numbers between and , so multiply
5 5
and divide by 6 (or by any number greater than 5 ).
Then it gives,

3 3 6 18
=  = ,
5 5 6 30

4 4 6 24
=  = .
5 5 6 30
3 4 19 20 21 22 23
Hence, 5 rational numbers found between and are , , , , .
5 5 30 30 30 30 30

4. Verify all the statements given below and state whether they are true or
false. Show proper reasons for your answers.

i. Statement: Every natural number is a whole number.

Ans: Write the whole numbers and natural numbers in a separate manner.
It is known that the whole number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5..... . and
the natural number series is 1,2,3,4,5..... .
Therefore, it is concluded that all the natural numbers lie in the whole number
series as represented in the diagram given below.

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 2

Thus, it is concluded that every natural number is a whole number.
Hence, the given statement is true.

ii. Statement: Every integer is a whole number.

Ans: Write the integers and whole numbers in a separate manner.
It is known that integers are those rational numbers that can be expressed in the
p
form of , where q = 1 .
q
Now, the series of integers is like 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,... .
But the whole numbers are 0,1,2,3,4,... .
Therefore, it is seen that all the whole numbers lie within the integer numbers,
but the negative integers are not included in the whole number series.
Thus, it can be concluded from here that every integer is not a whole number.
Hence, the given statement is false.

iii. Statement: Every rational number is a whole number.

Ans: Write the rational numbers and whole numbers in a separate manner.
It is known that rational numbers are the numbers that can be expressed in the
p
form , where q  0 and the whole numbers are represented as 0,1,2,3,4,5,...
q
p
Now, notice that every whole number can be expressed in the form of as
q
0 1 2 3 4 5
, , , , , ,…
1 1 1 1 1 1
Thus, every whole number is a rational number, but all the rational numbers are
1 1 1 1
not whole numbers. For example, , , , ,... are not whole numbers.
2 3 4 5
Therefore, it is concluded from here that every rational number is not a whole
number.
Hence, the given statement is false.

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 3

Exercise 1.2
1. Verify all the statements given below and state whether they are true or
false. Give proper reasons for your answers.

i. Every irrational number is a real number.

Ans: Write the irrational numbers and the real numbers in a separate manner.
● The irrational numbers are the numbers that cannot be represented in the form
p
, where p and q are integers and q  0.
q

For example, 2,3, .011011011... are all irrational numbers.

● The real number is the collection of both the rational numbers and irrational
numbers.
1
For example, 0,  ,  2 , ,... are all real numbers.
2
Thus, it is concluded that every irrational number is a real number.
Hence, the given statement is true.

ii. Every point on the number line is of the form m , where m is a natural
number.
Ans: Consider points on a number line to represent negative as well as positive
numbers.
Observe that, positive numbers on the number line can be expressed as
1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3,... , but any negative number on the number line cannot be
expressed as −1, −1.1, −1.2, −1.3,... , because these are not real numbers.
Therefore, it is concluded from here that every number point on the number line
is not of the form = m , where m is a natural number.
Hence, the given statement is false.

iii. Every real number is an irrational number.

Ans: Write the irrational numbers and the real numbers in a separate manner.
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 4
● The irrational numbers are the numbers that cannot be represented in the form
p
, where p and q are integers and q  0.
q

For example, 2,3, .011011011... are all irrational numbers.

1 2 3 5
● Real numbers are the collection of rational numbers (Ex: , , , , ……) and
2 3 5 7
the irrational numbers (Ex: 2,3, .011011011... ).
Therefore, it can be concluded that every irrational number is a real number, but
every real number cannot be an irrational number.
Hence, the given statement is false.

2. Are the square roots of all positive integer numbers irrational? If not,
provide an example of the square root of a number that is not an irrational
number.
Ans: Square root of every positive integer does not give an integer.
For example: 2, 3, 5, 6,... are not integers, and hence these are irrational
numbers. But 4 gives 2 , these are integers and so, 4 is not an irrational
number.
Therefore, it is concluded that the square root of every positive integer is not an
irrational number.

3. Represent 5 on the number line.

Ans: Follow the procedures to get 5 on the number line.

● Firstly, Draw a line segment AB of 2 unit on the number line.
● Secondly, draw a perpendicular line segment BC at B of 1 units.
● Thirdly, join the points C and A , to form a line segment AC .
● Fourthly, apply the Pythagoras Theorem as

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 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
AC2 = 22 + 12
AC2 = 4 + 1 = 5
AC = 5
● Finally, draw the arc ACD , to find the number 5 on the number line as
given in the diagram below.

Exercise 1.3
1. Convert the following numbers in decimal form and state what kind of
decimal expansion each has:
36
i.
100
Ans: Divide 36 by 100 .
0.36
100 36
−0
360
−300
600
−600
0
36
So, = 0.36 and it is a terminating decimal number.
100

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 6

 1
ii.
11
Ans: Divide 1 by 11 .
0.0909....
11 1
−0
10
−0
100
−99
10
−0
100
−99
1
It is noticed that while dividing 1 by 11 , in the quotient 09 is repeated.
1
So, = 0.0909..... or
11
1
= 0.09 and it is a non-terminating and recurring decimal number.
11

1
iii. 4
8
1 1 32 + 1 33
Ans: 4 = 4 + = =
8 8 8 8
Divide 33 by 8 .
4.125
8 33
−32
10

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 7

 −8
20
−16
40
−40
0
Notice that, after dividing 33 by 8 , the remainder is found as 0 .
1
So, 4 = 4.125 and it is a terminating decimal number.
8

3
iv.
13
Ans: Divide 3 by 13 .
0.230769
13 3
−0
30
−26
40
−39
10
−0
100
−91
90
−78
120
−117
3
It is observed that while dividing 3 by 13 , the remainder is found as 3 and that
is repeated after each 6 continuous divisions.

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 8

 3
So, = 0.230769....... or
13
3
= 0.230769 and it is a non-terminating and recurring decimal number.
13

2
v.
11
Ans: Divide 2 by 11 .
0.1818.....
11 2
−0
20
−11
90
−88
20
−11
90
−88
2
It can be noticed that while dividing 2 by 11 , the remainder is obtained as 2 and
then 9 , and these two numbers are repeated infinitely as remainders.
2
So, = 0.1818..... or
11
2
= 0.18 and it is a non-terminating and recurring decimal number.
11

329
vi.
400
Ans: Divide 329 by 400 .

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 9

 0.8225
400 329
−0
3290
−3200
900
−800
1000
-800
2000
−2000
0
It can be seen that while dividing 329 by 400 , the remainder is obtained as 0 .
329
So, = 0.8225 and is a terminating decimal number.
400

1 2 3 4 5 6
2. If = 0.142857... , then predict the decimal expansions of , , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7
without calculating the long division?
2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1
Ans: Note that, , , , and can be rewritten as 2  , 3  , 4  , 5  ,
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
1
and 6 
7
1
Substituting the value of = 0.142857 , gives
7

1
2 = 2  0.142857... = 0.285714...
7
1
3 = 3  0.428571... = 0.428571...
7
1
4 = 4  0.142857... = 0.571428...
7
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 10
 1
5 = 5  0.71425... = 0.714285...
7
1
6 = 6  0.142857... = 0.857142...
7
2 3 4 5 6
So, the values of , , , and obtained without performing long division
7 7 7 7 7
2
are = 0.285714
7
3
= 0.428571
7
4
= 0.571428
7
5
= 0.714285
7
6
= 0.857142
7

p
3. Convert the following decimal numbers into the form of , where p and
q
q are integers and q  0 .

i. 0.6
Ans: Let x = 0.6
 x = 0.6666 ….… (1)
Multiplying both sides of the equation (1) by 10 , gives
10x = 0.6666 10
010x = 6.6666 …… (2)
Subtracting the equation (1) from ( 2 ) , gives
10x = 6.6666.....
− x = 0.6666.....
9x = 6
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 11
9x = 6
6 2
x= =
9 3
So, the decimal number becomes
2 p
0.6 = and it is in the required form.
3 q

ii. 0.47
Ans: Let x = 0.47
 x = 0.47777..... ……(a)
Multiplying both sides of the equation (a) by 10 , gives
10x = 4.7777..... ……(b)
Subtracting the equation ( a ) from ( b ) , gives
10x = 4.7777.....
− x = 0.4777.....
9x = 4.3
Therefore,
4.3 10
x= 
9 10
43
x=
90
So, the decimal number becomes
43 p
0.47 = and it is in the required form.
90 q

iii. 0.001
Ans: Let x = 0.001  …… (1)
Since the number of recurring decimal number is 3 , so multiplying both sides of
the equation (1) by 1000 , gives
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 12
1000  x = 1000  0.001001..... …… (2)
Subtracting the equation (1) from (2) gives
1000x = 1.001001.....
− x = 0.001001.....
999x = 1
1
x=
999
Hence, the decimal number becomes
1 p
0.001 = and it is in the form.
999 q

4. Represent the nonterminating decimal number 0.99999..... into the form

p
of . Did you expect this type of answer? Explain why the answer is
q
appropriate.
Ans: Let x = 0.99999..... ....... (a)
Multiplying by 10 both sides of the equation (a), gives
10x = 9.9999..... …… (b)
Now, subtracting the equation (a) from (b), gives
10x = 9.99999.....
− x = 0.99999.....
9x = 9
9
x=
9
 x = 1.
So, the decimal number becomes
1 p
0.99999... = which is in the form.
1 q
Yes, for a moment we are amazed by our answer, but when we observe that
0.9999......... is extending infinitely, then the answer makes sense.
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 13
Therefore, there is no difference between 1 and 0.9999......... and hence these two
numbers are equal.

5. Find the maximum number of digits in the recurring block of digits in the
1
decimal expansion of by performing the long division.
17
1
Ans: Here the number of digits in the recurring block of is to be determined.
17
1
So, let us calculate the long division to obtain the recurring block of .
17
Dividing 1 by 17 gives

0.0588235294117647....
17 1
−0
10
−0
100
−85
150
−136
140
−136
40
−34
60
−85
150
−136
140

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 14

 −136
40
−34
60
−51
90
−85
50
−34
160
−153
70
−68
20
−17
30
−17
130
−119
110
−102
80
−68
120
−119
1
Thus, it is noticed that while dividing 1 by 17 , we found 16 number of digits in
the repeating block of decimal expansion that will continue to be 1 after going
through 16 continuous divisions.
1
Hence, it is concluded that = 0.0588235294117647..... or
17

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 15

 1
= 0.0588235294117647 and it is a recurring and non-terminating decimal
17
number.

p
6. Observe at several examples of rational numbers in the form(q  0) ,
q
where p and q are integers with H.C.F between them is 1 and having
terminating decimal representations. Guess the property that q must
satisfy?
5 5 2 2 5
Ans: Let us consider the examples of such rational numbers , , , , of
2 4 5 10 16
p
the form which have terminating decimal representations.
q
5
= 2.5
2
5
= 1.25
4
2
= 0.4
5
2
= 0.2
10
5
= 0.3125
16
In each of the above examples, it can be noticed that the denominators of the
rational numbers have powers of 2,5 or both.
So, q must satisfy the form either 2m , or 5n , or both 2 m  5n (where
p
m = 0,1,2,3..... and n = 0,1,2,3..... ) in the form of .
q

7. Give examples of three numbers whose decimal representations are non-

terminating and non-recurring.
Ans: All the irrational numbers are non-terminating and non-recurring, because
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 16
 p
irrational numbers do not have any representations of the form of (q  0) ,
q
where p and q are integers. For example:

2 = 1.41421..... ,

3 = 1.73205...

7 = 2.645751....
are the numbers whose decimal representations are non-terminating and non-
recurring.

5
8. Write any three irrational numbers between the rational numbers and
7
9
.
11
5 9
Ans: Converting and into the decimal form gives
7 11
5
= 0.714285..... and
7
9
= 0.818181.....
11
Therefore, 3 irrational numbers that are contained between 0.714285...... and
0.818181.....
are:
0.73073007300073......
0.74074007400074......
0.76076007600076......
5 9
Hence, three irrational numbers between the rational numbers and are
7 11
0.73073007300073......
0.74074007400074......
0.76076007600076......
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 17
9. Classify the following numbers and state whether it is rational or
irrational:
(i) 23
Ans: The following diagram reminds us of the distinctions among the types of
rational and irrational numbers.

After evaluating the square root gives

23 = 4.795831..... , which is an irrational number.

(ii) 225
Ans: After evaluating the square root gives
225 = 15 , which is a rational number.

That is, 225 is a rational number.

(iii) 0.3796
Ans: The given number is 0.3796 . It is terminating decimal.
So, 0.3796 is a rational number.

(iv) 7.478478
Ans: The given number is 7.478478.
p
It is a non-terminating and recurring decimal that can be written in the form.
q

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 18

Let x = 7.478478. ……(a)
Multiplying the equation (a) both sides by 100 gives
 1000x = 7478.478478..... ……(b)
Subtracting the equation (a) from (b), gives
1000x = 7478.478478....
−x= 7.478478.
999x = 7471
999x = 7471
7471
x=
999
7471 p
Therefore, 7.478478..... = , which is in the form of
999 q
So, 7.478478... is a rational number.

(v) 1.101001000100001.....
Ans: The given number is 1.101001000100001....
It can be clearly seen that the number 1.101001000100001.... is a non-terminating
and non recurring decimal and it is known that non-terminating non-recurring
p
decimals cannot be written in the form of .
q
Hence, the number 1.101001000100001.... is an irrational number.

Exercise 1.4
1. Apply some successive magnification to visualize 3.765 on the number
line.
Ans:
● It is clear that the value 3.765 lies between the numbers 3 and 4 .
● Also, the number 3.7 and 3.8 lie between the numbers 3 and 4 .
● The number 3.76 and 3.77 lie between the numbers 3 and 4 .

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 19

● Again, the numbers 3.764 and 3.766 lie between the numbers 3.76 and 3.77
● Thus, the number 3.765 lies between the numbers 3.764 and 3.766 .
So, first locate the numbers 3 and 4 on the number line, then use the successive
magnification as shown in the diagrams below.

2. Visualize 4.26 on the number line, up to 4 decimal places.

Ans: The number 4.26 can be represented as 4.262..... .
Apply successive magnification, after locating the numbers 4 and 5 on the
number line and visualize the number up to 4 decimal places as given in the
following diagrams.
The number 4.2 is located between 4 and 5 .

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 20

The number 4.26 is located between 4.2 and 4.3 .

The number 4.262 is located between 4.26 and 4.27 .

The number 4.2626 is located between 4.262 and 4.263 .

Exercise 1.5
1. Determine whether the following numbers are rational or irrational:
(i) 2 - 5

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 21

Ans: The given number is 2 − 5 .

Here, 5 = 2.236..... and it is a non-repeating and non-terminating irrational

number.
Therefore, substituting the value of 5 gives

2 − 5 = 2 − 2.236.....
= −0.236..... , which is an irrational number.
So, 2 − 5 is an irrational number.

(
(ii) 3 + 23 - )( 23 )
Ans: The given number is 3 + 23 − ( ) ( )
23 .

The number can be written as

(3 + )
23 − 23 = 3 + 23 − 23
=3
3 p
= , which is in the form and so, it is a rational number.
1 q

( )
Hence, the number 3 + 23 − 23 is a rational number.

2 7
(iii)
7 7
2 7
Ans: The given number is .
7 7
The number can be written as
2 7 2 p
= , which is in the form and so, it is a rational number.
7 7 7 q

2 7
Hence, the number is a rational number.
7 7

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 22

 1
(iv)
2
1
Ans: The given number is .
2
It is known that, 2 = 1.414..... and it is a non-repeating and non-terminating
irrational number.
1
Hence, the number is an irrational number.
2

(v) 2 π
Ans: The given number is 2 .
It is known that,  = 3.1415 and it is an irrational number.
Now remember that, Rational  Irrational = Irrational.
Hence, 2 is also an irrational number.

2. Simplify each of the numbers given below:

( ) (
(i) 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 )
(
Ans: The given number is 3 + 3 2 + 2 . )( )
By calculating the multiplication, it can be written as

(3 + 3 )( 2 + 2 ) = 3( 2 + 2 ) + 3 ( 2 + 2 ) .
=6+3 2 +2 3+ 6 .

( ) (
(ii) 3 + 3 + 3 - 3 )
(
Ans: The given number is 3 + 3 3 − 3 . )( )
By applying the formula ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 , the number can be written as

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 23

( )( ) ( )
2
3 + 3 3 − 3 = 32 − 3 =9−3= 6.

( )
2
(iii) 5+ 2

( )
2
Ans: The given number is 5+ 2 .

Applying the formula ( a + b ) = a 2+ 2ab + b 2 , the number can be written as

2

( ) = ( 5) ( 2)
2 2 2
5+ 2 +2 5 2+

= 5 + 2 10 + 2

= 7 + 2 10 .

(iv) ( 5+ 2 )( 5+ 2 )
Ans: The given number is ( 5− 2 )( )
5+ 2 .

Applying the formula ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 , the number can be expressed as

( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
5− 2 5+ 2 = 5 − 2

=5−2
= 3.

3. Remember that, π is the ratio of the circumference c of a circle to its

c
diameter d , that is, π = . It seems that the definition of π contradicts the
d
fact that it is an irrational number. Explain why it is not actually a
contradiction?
22
Ans: It is known that,  = , which is a rational number. But, note that this
7
value of  is an approximation.

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 24

On dividing 22 by 7 , the quotient 3.14... is a non-recurring and non-terminating
number. Therefore, it is an irrational number.
In order of increasing accuracy, approximate fractions are
22 333 355 52163 103993 245850922
, , , , , and .
7 106 113 16604 33102 78256779
Each of the above quotient has the value 3.14... , which is a non-recurring and
non-terminating number.
Thus,  is irrational.
So, either circumference (c) or diameter (d) or both should be irrational
numbers.
Hence, it is concluded that there is no contradiction regarding the value of  and
it is made out that the value of  is irrational.

4. Visualize 9.3 on the number line.

Ans: Follow the procedure given below to represent the number 9.3 .
• First, mark the distance 9.3 units from a fixed-point A on the number line to
get a point B . Then AB = 9.3 units.
• Secondly, from the point B mark a distance of 1 unit and denote the ending
point as C .
• Thirdly, locate the midpoint of AC and denote as O .
• Fourthly, draw a semi-circle to the centre O with the radius OC = 5.15 units.
Then
AC = AB + BC
= 9.3 + 1
= 10.3
AC 10.3
So, OC = = = 5.15 .
2 2
• Finally, draw a perpendicular line at B and draw an arc to the centre B and then
let it meet at the semicircle AC at D as given in the diagram below.

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 25

5. Rationalize the denominators for each of the numbers given below:
1
(i)
7
1
Ans: The given number is .
7

Multiplying and dividing by 7 to the number gives

1 7 7
 = .
7 7 7

1
(ii)
7- 6
1
Ans: The given number is .
7− 6

Multiplying and dividing by 7 + 6 to the number gives

1 7+ 6 7+ 6
 =
7− 6 7+ 6 (7− 6 7+ 6 )( )
Now, applying the formula ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2 to the denominator gives

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 26

 1 7+ 6
=
7− 6 ( ) ( )
2 2
7 − 6

7+ 6
=
7−6
7+ 6
= .
1

1
(iii)
5+ 2
1
Ans: The given number is .
5+ 2

Multiplying and dividing by 5− 2 to the number gives

1 5− 2 5− 2
 =
5+ 2 5− 2 5+ 2 (
5− 2 )( )
Now, applying the formula ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 to the denominator gives
1 5− 2
=
5+ 2 ( ) ( )
2 2
5 − 2

5− 2
=
5−2
5− 2
= .
3

1
(iv)
7 -2
1
Ans: The given number is .
7 −2

Multiplying and dividing by 7 + 2 to the number gives

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 27

 1 7 +2
=
( )( )
.
7 −2 7 −2 7 +2

Now, applying the formula ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 to the denominator gives

1 7 +2
=
7 −2 ( 7) − ( 2)
2 2

7 +2
=
7−4
7 +2
= .
3

Exercise 1.6
1. Compute the value of each of the following expressions:
1
(i) 64 2
1
2
Ans: The given number is 64 .
By the laws of indices,
m
a = n a m , where a  0 .
n

Therefore,
1
64 = 2 64
2

= 2 88
= 8.
1
2
Hence, the value of 64 is 8 .

1
5
(ii) 32
1
Ans: The given number is 32 5 .

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 28

By the laws of indices,
m
a = m a m , where a  0
n

1
32 = 5 32
5

= 5 2 2 2 2 2
= 5 25
= 2.

Alternative method:

By the law of indices ( a m ) = a mn , then it gives

n

1 1
32 = (2  2  2  2  2)
5 5

1
= (2 )
5 5

5
=2 5

= 2.
1
5
Hence, the value of the expression 32 is 2 .

1
5
(iii) 125
Ans.
1
3
The given number is 125 .
By the laws of indices
m
a = n a m where a  0 .
n

Therefore,

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 29

 1
125 = 3 125
3

= 3 5 5 5
= 5.
1
3
Hence, the value of the expression 125 is 5 .

2. Compute the value of each of the following expressions:

3
2
(i) 9
3
2
Ans: The given number is 9 .
By the laws of indices,
m
a = n a m where a  0 .
n

Therefore,
3
9 = (9)
3
2 2

= 2 999
= 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
= 3 3 3
= 27.

Alternative Method:

By the laws of indices, ( a m ) = a mn , then it gives

n

3 3
9 = ( 3  3)
2 2

3
= (3 2 2
)
3
2
=3 2

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 30

= 33
That is,
3
9 = 27.
2

3
2
Hence, the value of the expression 9 is 27 .

2
5
(ii) 32
m
Ans: We know that a = n a m where a  0 . n

2
5
We conclude that 32 can also be written as

( 32 ) = 5 ( 2  2  2  2  2)  ( 2  2  2  2  2)
2
5

= 2 2
=4
2
5
Therefore, the value of 32 is 4 .

3
4
(iii) 16
3
4
Ans: The given number is 16 .
By the laws of indices,
m
a = n a m , where a  0 .
n

Therefore,
3
16 = (16 )
3
4 4

= 4 ( 2  2  2  2)  ( 2  2  2  2)  ( 2  2  2  2)
= 2 2 2
= 8.
3
4
Hence, the value of the expression 16 is 8 .
Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 31
Alternative Method:
By the laws of indices,
(a m ) n = a mn , where a  0 .
Therefore,
3 3
16 = (4  4)
4 4

3
= (4 ) 2 4

3
2
= (4) 4

3
2
= (2 ) 2 4

3
22
=2 4

= 23
= 8.
3
Hence, the value of the expression is 16 = 8 . 4

1
-
3
(iv) 125
1
−
3
Ans: The given number is 125 .
By the laws of indices, it is known that
1
a −n = n , where a  0 .
a
Therefore,
1
− 1
125 = 3
1
3
125
1
 1 3
= 
 125 

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 32

  1 
=3 
 125 
1 1 1
=3   
5 5 5
1
= .
5
1
− 1
3
Hence, the value of the expression 125 is .
5

3. Simplify and evaluate each of the expression:

2 1
3 5
(i) 2 .2
2 1
3 5
Ans: The given expression is 2 .2 .
By the laws of indices, it is known that
a m  a n = a m+n , where a  0 .
Therefore,
2 1 2 1
+
2 .2 = (2)
3 5 3 5

10+3
= (2) 15

13
=2 . 15

2 1 13
3 5 15
Hence, the value of the expression 2 .2 is 2 .

7
 1
(ii)  3 3 
 
7
 13 
Ans: The given expression is  3  .
 
It is known by the laws of indices that,

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 33

(a m ) n = a mn , where a  0 .
Therefore,
7
 13  7

3  = 3 .
3

 
7
 13  7
Hence, the value of the expression  3  is 33 .
 
1
2
11
(iii) 1
4
11
1
2
11
Ans: The given number is 1
.
4
11
It is known by the Laws of Indices that
am
n
= a m−n , where a  0 .
a
Therefore,
1
1 1
11 2 −
1
= 11 2 4

4
11
2−1
= 11 4

1
= 11 . 4

1
2 1
11 4
Hence, the value of the expression 1
is 11 .
4
11
1 1
2 2
(iv) 7 .8
1 1
Ans: The given expression is 7  8 . 2 2

It is known by the Laws of Indices that

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 34
a m  b m = (a  b) m , where a  0 .
Therefore,
1 1 1
7 2  8 2 = (7  8) 2
1
= (56) 2 .
1 1 1
Hence, the value of the expression 7  8 is (56) .
2 2 2

Class IX Maths www.vedantu.com 35