Lecture-03

Global E-business and

Collaboration

Presented By-
M.M. Rakibul Hasan
Lecturer, CSE, IUBAT
1
 Slide Content

• Concept of management, information and systems.

• Definition and purpose of MIS
• Characteristics or features of MIS
• Qualities of an Excellent Manager
• Managers in the field of MIS

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Information System
An information system can be defined technically
as a set of interrelated components that collect
(or retrieve), process, store, and distribute
information to support decision making and
control in an organization.

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Data & Information
• Data vs. Information

– Data
• A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a
picture
• Represents something in the real world
• The raw materials in the production of information

– Information
• Data that have meaning within a context
• Data in relationships
• Data after manipulation
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Information and Managers
– Systems thinking
• Creates a framework for problem solving and
decision making.
• Keeps managers focused on overall goals and
operations of business.

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Types of Data
Data Represented by
Alphanumeric Numbers, letters, and other
data characters
Image data Graphic images or pictures

Audio data Sound, noise, tones

Video data Moving images or pictures

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Characteristics of useful information

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Types of Problem
➢ Structured decisions are repetitive, routine, and
involve a definite procedure for handling.

➢ Unstructured decisions are non-routine decisions

in which the decision maker must provide
judgment, evaluation, and insights; there is no
agreed-upon procedure for making the decision

➢ Semistructured decisions are ones where only

part of the problem has a clear-cut answer
provided by an acceptable procedure
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Classification of IS

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Transaction processing systems
• Perform and record daily routine transactions
necessary to conduct business
• Allow managers to monitor status of operations
and relations with external environment
• Serve operational levels
• Serve predefined, structured goals and decision
making
Examples:
– ATM Machine System – Banking Transactions
– Sales order entry, payroll, shipping

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Transaction processing systems
A Payroll TPS
A TPS for payroll
processing captures
employee payment
transaction data (such
as a time card).
System outputs
include online and
hard-copy reports for
management and
employee paychecks.

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Process control system
• Supports Operations
• Monitor and Control
Industrial/Manufacturing Process
Examples:
– Petroleum Refining
– Power Generation
– Automobile Manufacturing

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Enterprise Collaboration System
• Office automation systems automate office
procedures and enhance office communications
and productivity.
• Supports Operations
• Teamwork, communication, and collaboration
Examples:
– E-mail
– Chat
– Video Conferencing
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Management information systems
• Serve middle management
• Provide reports on firm’s current performance,
based on data from TPS
• Provide answers to routine questions with
predefined procedure for answering them
• Typically have little analytic capability
Examples:
– Spreadsheet (Excel) – One of the first and most
basic
– Oracle's Corporate Performance Management

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Management information systems
How Management Information Systems Obtain Their Data from the Organization’s TPS

FIGURE: In the system illustrated by this diagram, three TPS supply summarized transaction data to
the MIS reporting system at the end of the time period. Managers gain access to the
organizational data through the MIS, which provides them with the appropriate reports.

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Management information systems
Sample MIS Report

FIGURE: This report, showing summarized annual sales data, was produced by
the MIS in previous Figure.

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Decision Support System
• Serve middle management
• Support non-routine decision making
• Example: What is impact on production schedule if December sales
doubled?
• Often use external information as well from TPS and MIS
• Usually involves What-if Analysis.
Examples
- Enterprise Decision Manager 2.0 Fair Isaac Corporation
- AIMMS 3.6
Most DSS’s are custom developed for specific companies; very few out-of-
the-box products.

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Executive information system
• Support senior management
• Address non-routine decisions
• Requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight
• Incorporate data about external events (e.g. new tax laws
or competitors) as well as summarized information from
internal MIS and DSS

Example: Digital dashboard with real-time view of firm’s

financial performance: working capital, accounts
receivable, accounts payable, cash flow, and inventory .

❖ Tactical – doing things the right way right

❖ Strategic – doing the right things
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Executive information system
Executives

Enterprise Collaboration System

Management Executive Information System

Managers DSS

MIS
Operations TPS

PCS

Operational Systems and Staff

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 Systems Applications in the Organization
Decisions Management Levels Information Systems

Unstructured Senior
Strategic Management ESS
DSS
Knowledge and GIS, CAD/CAM,
Tactical Data Worker OAS
Middle
Management MIS

Lower
TPS
Management
Technical
(Operational) Buy Make Sell Keep
Functions
Structured Track
Major Enterprise Applications
• Enterprise applications are specifically designed for the sole
purpose of promoting the needs and objectives of the
organizations.

• These applications provide business-oriented tools supporting

electronic commerce, enterprise communication and
collaboration and web-enabled business processes both within a
networked enterprise and with its customers and business
partners. Most commonly used enterprise applications are:

1) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

2) Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
3) Knowledge Management System (KMS)
4) Supply Chain Management (SCM)

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
• Enterprise resource planning - often called
ERP, ERP system, or ERP software - can be
defined as a system that helps organizations
manage their financials, supply chain,
manufacturing, operations, reporting, and
human resources.

• Most ERP systems can be deployed on-

premises or in the cloud, to improve and
automate the core parts of your business.
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
• Firms use customer relationship management (CRM)
systems to maintain their relationships with their
customers.

• CRM systems provide information to coordinate all of

the business processes that deal with customers in
sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue,
customer satisfaction, and customer retention.

• This information helps firms identify, attract, and

retain the most profitable customers; provide better
service to existing customers and increase sales.

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Knowledge Management System (KMS)
• Some firms perform better than others because
they have better knowledge about how to create,
produce, and deliver products and services.
• Knowledge management systems (KMS) enable
organizations to better manage processes for
capturing and applying knowledge and expertise.
• These systems collect all relevant knowledge and
experience in the firm and make it available
wherever and whenever it is needed to improve
business processes and management decisions.

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Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• Supply chain management (SCM) systems help to manage
relationships with their suppliers.

• These systems help suppliers, purchasing firms, distributors, and

logistics companies to share information about orders,
production, inventory levels, and delivery of products and services
so that they can source, produce, and deliver goods and services
efficiently.

• The ultimate objective is to get the right amount of their products

from their source to their point of consumption in the least
amount of time and at the lowest cost.

• These systems increase firm profitability by lowering the costs of

moving and making products and by enabling managers to make
better decisions about how to organize and schedule sourcing,
production, and distribution.
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Systems for Collaboration and Teamwork
• Collaboration:
working with others to achieve shared and explicit
goals.
– Short-lived or long-term
– One –to one or many-to-many
– Informal or formal (teams)
• Growing importance of collaboration:
– Changing nature of work
– Growth of professional work – “interaction jobs”
– Changing organization of the firm
– Changing scope of the firm
– Emphasis on innovation
– Changing culture of work
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Business benefits of collaboration and
teamwork
– Investments in collaboration technology
can produce organizational improvements
returning high ROI
– Benefits:
• Productivity
• Quality
• Innovation
• Customer service
• Financial performance
– Profitability, sales, sales growth

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Requirements for Collaboration

FIGURE: Successful collaboration requires an appropriate organizational

structure and culture, along with appropriate collaboration
technology.

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Building a collaborative culture and
business processes
– “Command and control” organizations
• No value placed on teamwork or lower-
level participation in decisions
– Collaborative business culture
• Senior managers rely on teams of
employees
• Policies, products, designs, processes,
systems rely on teams
• Managers purpose is to build teams
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Technology for collaboration and
teamwork
– 15 categories of collaborative software tools
Email and instant messaging White boarding
Collaborative writing Web presenting
Collaborative reviewing Work scheduling
Event scheduling Document sharing/wikis
File sharing Mind mapping
Screen sharing Large audience Webinars
Audio conferencing Co-browsing
Video conferencing
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Technology for collaboration and
teamwork (cont.)
– Social Networking
– Wikis
– Virtual Worlds
– Internet-Based Collaboration
Environments
• Virtual meeting systems (telepresence)
• Google Apps/Google sites
• Microsoft SharePoint
• Lotus Notes
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Technology for collaboration and
teamwork (cont.)
• Two dimensions of collaboration technologies
– Space (or location) – remote or colocated
– Time – synchronous or asynchronous
• Six steps in evaluating software tools
1. What are your firm’s collaboration challenges?
2. What kinds of solutions are available?
3. Analyze available products’ cost and benefits
4. Evaluate security risks
5. Consult users for implementation and training issues
6. Evaluate product vendors
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The Time/Space Collaboration Tool
Matrix

FIGURE: Collaboration technologies can be classified in terms of whether they support

interactions at the same or different time or place whether these interactions are
remote or co-located.
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Intranets and Extranets
• Intranets are simply internal company
websites that are accessible only by
employees.
• The term intranet refers to an internal
network, in contrast to the Internet, which is
a public network linking organizations and
other external networks.
• Intranets use the same technologies and
techniques as the larger Internet, and they
often are simply a private access area in a
larger company website.
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Intranets and Extranets
• Extranets, which are company websites
that are accessible to authorized vendors
and suppliers and are often used to
coordinate the movement of supplies to
the firm’s production apparatus.

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E-business, E-commerce and
E-government
• Electronic business, or e-business , refers
to the use of digital technology and the
Internet to execute the major business
processes in the enterprise. E-business
includes activities for the internal
management of the firm and for
coordination with suppliers and other
business partners. It also includes
electronic commerce, or e-commerce .
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E-business, E-commerce and
E-government
• E-commerce is the part of e-business that
deals with the buying and selling of goods
and services over the Internet. It also
encompasses activities supporting those
market transactions, such as advertising,
marketing, customer support, security,
delivery, and payment.

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E-business, E-commerce and
E-government
• E-government refers to the application of the Internet
and networking technologies to digitally enable
government and public sector agencies’ relationships
with citizens, businesses, and other arms of
government.
• Governments on all levels are using Internet
technology to deliver information and services to
citizens, employees, and businesses with which they
work.
• In addition to improving delivery of government
services, e-government makes government operations
more efficient and also empowers citizens by giving
them easier access to information and the ability to
network electronically with other citizens.
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What Is Social Business?
• Many firms today enhance collaboration by
embracing social business —the use of social
networking platforms, including Facebook,
Twitter, and internal corporate social tools—to
engage their employees, customers, and
suppliers.
• These tools enable workers to set up profiles,
form groups, and “follow” each other’s status
updates.
• The goal of social business is to deepen
interactions with groups inside and outside the
firm to expedite and enhance information
sharing, innovation, and decision making.
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Application of Social Business

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 Review Questions

1. Define data with it’s different forms.

2. Define information and explain characteristics of useful
information.
3. Define enterprise systems, supply chain management systems,
customer relationship management systems, and knowledge
management systems and describe their business benefits.
4. What is the difference between e-business, e-commerce, and
e-government?
5. Define social Business.
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 Review Questions

6. Define Information System. Briefly explain the classification of

Information System.
7. Draw the diagram to show different systems applications in the
organization used by different levels of management to solve
various types problem.
8. What is collaboration? Mention the importance and benefits
of collaboration.
9. How we can evaluating collaboration software tools?
10. Draw the time/space collaboration tool matrix.
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Every end is a new beginning!!!