UACE MATHEMATICS PAPER 1 2016 guide

SECTION A (40 marks)

Answer all questions in this section

1. Without using mathematical tables or calculators, find the value of

2 2
(√5 + 2) − (√5 − 2)
8√5
2. Find the angle between the lines 2x –y = 3 and 11x + 2y = 13
1
3. Evaluate∫1 10𝑥√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑦
4. Solve the equation = 1 + 𝑦 2 given that when y = 1 when x = 0.
𝑑𝑥
5. Given that 2x2 + 7x - 4, x2 + 3x – 4 and 7x2 + ax – 8 have a common factor, find the
(a) Factors of 2x2 + 7x – 4 and x2 + 3x –4
(b) Value of a in 7x2 + ax – 8.
𝜋
6. Solve the equation sin2θ + cos2θcos4θ = cos4θcos6θ for 0≤ θ ≤ .
4
1
1
7. Using small changes; show(244) = 3 5 .
405
8. Three points A(2, -1, 0), B(-2, 5, -4) and C are on a straight line such that 3AB = 2AC. Find the
coordinates of C.

SECTION B (60MARKS)
Answer any five questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks
2𝑖 3+2𝑖
9. (a) If z1 = and z2 = , find |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 |
1+3𝑖 5
(b) Given the complex number z = x + iy
𝑧+𝑖
(i) Find
𝑧+2
𝑧+𝑖
(ii) Show that the locus of is a straight line when its imaginary part is zero. State
𝑧+2
the gradient of the line.
10. (a) solve the equation cos2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x for 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 1800
𝑝+1
(b) Show that if sin(x + α) = psin(x – α) then tan x = ( )tanα. Hence solve the equation
𝑝−1
sin(x + α) = psin(x – α) for p = 2 and α= 200.
𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑑2 𝑦
11. Given that x = and y = , find .
1+ 𝑡 3 1+ 𝑡 3 𝑑𝑥 2
12. (a) Line A is the intersection of two planes whose equations are
3x –y + z = 2 and x + 5y +2z = 6. Find the equation of the line.
 (b) Given that line B is perpendicular to the plane 3x –y + z = 2and passes through the point
C(1, 1, 0), find the
(i) Cartesian equation of line B
(ii) angle between line B and line A in (a) above
1+ √𝑥
13. (a) Find ∫ dx
2√𝑥
2𝑦
(b) The gradient of the tangent at any point on a curve is x - . The curve passes through the
𝑥
point (2, 4), find the equation of the curve.
14. (a) The point P(a𝑡12 , 2𝑎𝑡1 ) and Q(a𝑡22 , 2𝑎𝑡2 ) are on parabola y2 = 4ax. OP is perpendicular to
OQ, where O is the origin. Show that t1t2 + 4 = 0.
(b) The normal to the rectangular hyperbola xy = 8 at point (4, 2) meets the asymptotes at
M and N. find the length MN.
15. (a) Prove by induction
1
1.3 + 2.4 + … + n(n + 2) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 7) for all values of n.
6
(b) A man deposits Shs. 150,000 at the beginning of every year in a micro finance bank with
the understanding that at the end of the seven years he is paid back his money with 5% per
annum compound interest. How much does he receive?
𝑑𝑦
16. (a) If x2 + 3y2 = k, where k is constant, find at the point (1, 2).
𝑑𝑥
(c) A rectangular field of area 7200m2 is to be fenced using a wire mesh. On one side of the
field. Is a straight river. This side is not to be fenced. Find the dimension of the field hat
will minimize the amount of wire mesh to be used.
End

Solution
SECTION A (40 marks)

Answer all questions in this section

1. Without using mathematical tables or calculators, find the value of

2 2
(√5+2) − (√5−2) [(√5+2)+(√5−2)][(√5+2)−(√5−2)] (2√5)(4) 8√5
= = = =1
8√5 8√5 8√5 8√5

Or
2 2
(√5+2) − (√5−2) (5+4√5+4)−(5−4√5+4) 5+4√5+4−5+4√5−4 8√5
= = = =1
8√5 8√2 8√5 8√5

2. Find the angle between the lines 2x –y = 3 and 11x +2 y = 13

𝑚 −𝑚
tanθ = 1 2
1+ 𝑚1 𝑚2
−11 13 −11
For 11x + y = 13; 2y = -11x + 13; y = x+ => m1 = = -5.5
2 2 2
For 2x –y = 3; y = 2x + 3; => m2 = 2
−5.5−2 −7.5
tanθ = =
1+(−5.5 𝑥 2) −10
−1 7.5 ( ) = 36.870
θ = tan
10
Alternatively
2 11
𝑛1 = ( ) , 𝑛2 = ( )
−1 2
 𝑛1 𝑛2 = cos 𝜃|𝑛1 ||𝑛2 |
2 11
𝑛1 𝑛2 = ( ) . ( ) = 20
−1 2
𝑛1 = √2 + (−1)2 = √5
2

𝑛2 = √112 + 22 = √125
20 = cos 𝜃(√5)(√125)
20
cosθ =
√125
−1
θ = cos 0.8 = 36 .870
1
3. Evaluate∫1 10𝑥√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2
1
∫1 10𝑥√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2

Let u = 1- x2; du = -2xdx

1
- 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2

x u
1 3
2 4
1 0

1 1
 ∫1 10𝑥√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 10√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) . 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 2
1
0 1
= ∫3 10. 𝑢2 . − 𝑑𝑢
4 2
1
0
= -5∫3 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 2
4
3 0
2
= -5[ 𝑢2 ]3
3
4
3
10 3 2
=− [0 − ( )]
3 4

= 2.165

Or

By using limits of x, we drop out limits when integrating and bring them in after u has been
substituted for x

 ∫ 10𝑥√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 10√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) . 𝑥𝑑𝑥

1
1
= ∫ 10. 𝑢2 . − 𝑑𝑢
2
1
= -5∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
3
2
= -5( 𝑢2 ) + c
3
3
10
=- (1 − 𝑥 2 )2 + 𝑐
3

Now bringing in limits

3 1
1 10
∫1 10𝑥√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = − [(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 ]1
2 3
2
 3
10 3 2
=− [0 − ( ) ]
3 4

3
10 3 2
=− .− ( )
3 4

= 2.165

Alternatively

Let u = √1 − 𝑥 2

u2= 1 – x2

2udu = -2xdx

-udu = xdx

x u
1 0
1 √3
2 2

1 0 0
∫1 10𝑥√(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫√3 −10𝑢. 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = −10 ∫√3 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
2 2 2

0
𝑢3
= −10 [ ]√3
3
2

3
−10 √3
= [0 − ( ) ]
3 2

= 2.165
𝑑𝑦
4. Solve the equation = 1 + 𝑦 2 given that when y = 1 when x = 0.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 1 + 𝑦2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑑𝑥
1+ 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
∫ 1+ 𝑦2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
tan−1 (𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝐶
Substituting y = 1 when x = 0
tan−1 (1) = 𝐶
𝜋
C=
4
𝜋
 tan−1 (𝑦) = 𝑥 +
4
𝜋
y = tan (𝑥 + )
4

5. Given that 2x2 + 7x - 4, x2 + 3x – 4 and 7x2 + ax – 8 have a common factor, find the
(a) Factors of 2x2 + 7x – 4 and x2 + 3x –4
2x2 + 7x – 4 = 2x2 + 8x – x – 4
=2x(x +4)-1(x + 4)
= (2x -1)(x+4)
 Hence the factors of 2x2 + 7x – 4 are (2x -1) and (x+4)
x2 + 3x – 4 =x (x + 4) -1(x + 4)
= (x – 1)(x + 4)
Hence the factors x2 + 3x – 4 are (x – 1) and (x + 4)
∴ the common factor of 2x2 + 7x – 4 and x2 + 3x – 4 is (x + 4)
(b) Value of a in 7x2 + ax – 8.
Since (x + 4) is the common factor of 2x2 + 7x – 4 and x2 + 3x – 4; it implies that it a factor
of 7x2 + ax – 8
Substituting for x = -4 in the equation 7x2 + ax – 8
7(-4)2 -4a – 8 = 0
7 x 16 – 4a – 8
112 – 8 – 4a = 0
a = 26
𝜋
6. Solve the equation sin2θ + cos2θcos4θ = cos4θcos6θ for 0≤ θ ≤ .
4
sin2θ + cos2θcos4θ = cos4θcos6θ
sin2θ = cos4θcos6θ - cos2θcos4θ
= cos4θ(cos6θ – cos2θ)
(𝑃+𝑄) (𝑃−𝑄)
But cosP – cosQ = -2sin sin
2 2
(6𝜃+2𝜃) (6𝜃−2𝜃)
 sin2θ= -2cos4θ[sin sin ]
2 2
sin2θ = -2cos4θsin4θsin2θ
sin2θ + 2cos4θsin4θsin2θ = 0
sin2θ(1 + 2cos4θsin4θ) = 0
sin2θ(1 + sin8θ) = 0
either
sin2θ = 0
2θ = sin-1(0) = 0,𝜋, 2𝜋
𝜋
θ = 0, , 𝜋
2
or
(1 + sin8θ) = 0
Sin8θ = -1
3𝜋
8θ = sin−1 (−1) = 2700 or
2
3𝜋
θ=
16
3𝜋
Hence θ = 0,
16

1
1
7. Using small changes; show (244)5 = 3 .
405
1
Let y = 𝑥 5
4
𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑥 −5
𝑑𝑥 5
1
= 4
5𝑥 5
1
= 1 4
5(𝑥 5 )
1
𝛿𝑦 = 1 4
𝛿𝑥
5(𝑥 5 )
 Taking x = 243 and 𝛿𝑥 = 1
1 1
𝛿𝑦 = 1 4
.1 =
405
5(2435 )

(𝑥 + 𝛿𝑥) = 𝑦 + 𝛿𝑦b
5 1
= √243 +
405
1
=3 +
405
1
=3
405

8. Three points A(2, -1, 0), B(-2, 5, -4) and C are on a straight line such that 3AB = 2AC. Find the
coordinates of C.
3(AB) = 2AC
3
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶
2
3
(𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝐴 ) = 𝑂𝐶 − 𝑂𝐴
2
−2 2 𝑥 2
3
[( 5 ) − (−1)] = (𝑦) − (−1)
2
−4 0 𝑧 0
−4 𝑥 2
3
( 6 ) = (𝑦) − (−1)
2
−4 𝑧 0
−6 𝑥 2
( 9 ) = (𝑦) − (−1)
−6 𝑧 0
𝑥 −6 2
(𝑦) = ( 9 ) + (−1)
𝑧 −6 0
𝑥 −4
(𝑦) = ( 8 )
𝑧 −6
Hence coordinates of C are (-4, 8, -6)

Alternatively
Using ratio theorem

C divides externally in the ratio 3: -1

3(𝑂𝐵)−1(𝑂𝐴)
OC =
3+(−1)
−2 2
1
OC = {3 ( 5 ) − (−1)}
2
−4 0
−8 −4
1
= ( 16 ) = ( 8 )
2
12 −6
Hence C(-4, 8, -6)

Alternatively
B divides AC internally in ration of 2:1
 −2 𝑥 2
1
( 5 )= {2 (𝑦) + (−1)}
3
−4 𝑧 0

−2 𝑥 2
3 ( 5 ) = 2 (𝑦) + (−1)
−4 𝑧 0
𝑥 −6 2
1
(𝑦) = {( 15 ) − (−1)}
2
𝑧 12 0

𝑥 −8 −4
1
(𝑦) = ( 16 ) = ( 8 )
2
𝑧 −12 −6
Hence C(-4, 8, -6)

SECTION B (60MARKS)
Answer any five questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks
2𝑖 3+2𝑖
9. (a) If z1 = and z2 = , find |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 |
1+3𝑖 5
2𝑖 3+2𝑖
𝑧1 − 𝑧2 = − ,
1+3𝑖 5

10𝑖−(1+3𝑖)(3+2𝑖) 10𝑖−[3+2𝑖+9𝑖−6]
= =
5(1+3𝑖) 5(1+3𝑖)

10𝑖−11𝑖+3 3−𝑖
= =
5(1+3𝑖) 5(1+3𝑖)

(3−𝑖)(3−𝑖) 3−9𝑖−𝑖−3 −𝑖
= = =
5(1+3𝑖)(3−𝑖) 5(1+9) 5

1 1 2
|𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | = √02 − (− ) =
5 5

Alterative 2
2𝑖 2𝑖 (1−3𝑖) 2𝑖+6 2𝑖+6 3+2𝑖
𝑧1 = = = = =
1+3𝑖 (1+3𝑖)(1−3𝑖) 1+9 10 5

3+2𝑖 3+2𝑖 −𝑖
𝑧1 − 𝑧2 = − =
5 5 5

1 1 2
|𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | = √02 − (− ) =
5 5

(c) Given the complex number z = x + iy

𝑧+𝑖
(i) Find
𝑧+2
𝑧+𝑖 𝑥+𝑖(1+𝑦)
= (𝑥+2)+𝑖𝑦
𝑧+2
[𝑥+𝑖(1+𝑦)][(𝑥+2)−𝑖𝑦]
=
[(𝑥+2)+𝑖𝑦][(𝑥+2)−𝑖𝑦]
𝑥[(𝑥+2)−𝑖𝑦]−𝑖(1+𝑦)[(𝑥+2)−𝑖𝑦]
=
(𝑥+2)2 +𝑦 2
𝑥 2 +2𝑥−𝑖𝑥𝑦+𝑖( 𝑥+2+𝑥𝑦+2𝑦)+𝑦+ 𝑦 2
=
(𝑥+2)2 +𝑦 2
𝑥 2 +2𝑥+ 𝑦 2 +𝑦+𝑖(2+𝑥+2𝑦)
=
(𝑥+2)2 +𝑦 2
 𝑧+𝑖
(ii) Show that the locus of is a straight line when its imaginary part is zero. State
𝑧+2
the gradient of the line.
If imaginary part is zero
(2 + 𝑥 + 2𝑦) = 0
2𝑦 = −𝑥 − 2
1
y=− 𝑥+1
2
comparing with y = mx + c
1
the gradient = −
2

10. (a) solve the equation cos2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x for 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 1800
cos2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x
cos2x – sin2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x
3cos2x - sin2x = 0
4cos2x – 1 = 0
(2cos x + 1)(2cos x – 1) = 0
Either
2cos x + 1 = 0
1
cos x = −
2
1
x = cos-1(− ) = 1200
2
Or
2cos x - 1 = 0
1
cos x =
2
1
x = cos-1( ) = 600
2
∴ x(600, 1200)

Alternatively
cos2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x
4 2
= (1 + cos 2𝑥) − (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)
2 2
= 2 + 2cos 2x – 1 + cos2x
2cos2x + 1 = 0
1
cos2x = -
2
1
2x = cos-1(− ) = 1200, 2400
2
x = 600, 1200

Alternatively
cos2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x
cos2x –sin2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x
3cos2x –sin2x = 0
Sin2x = 3cos2x
tan2x = 3
tanx = ±√3
Either
tanx = √3
x = tan−1 √3 = 600
 Or
tanx = −√3
x = tan−1 −√3 = 1200
Hence x = 600, 1200

Alternatively
cos2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x
1-2sin2x = 4(1-sin2x)-2sin2x
1 = 4 – 4sin2x
4sin2x = 3
3
sin2x =
4
3 √3
sinx = ±√ =
4 2

x = 600, 1200

Alternatively
cos2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x
1-2sin2x = 4cos2x -2sin2x
4cos2x = 1
1 1
Cosx = ±√ = ±
4 2
x = 600, 1200
𝑝+1
(b) Show that if sin(x + α) = psin(x – α) then tan x = ( )tanα. Hence solve the equation
𝑝−1
0
sin(x + α) = psin(x – α) for p = 2 and α= 20 .

sinxcosα + coxsinα = p(sinxcosα - coxsinα)

cosxsinα (p + 1) = sinxcosα (p - 1)
𝑝+1
cosxsinα( ) = sinxcosα
𝑃−1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑝+1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
( )=
sinxcosα 𝑝−1 sinxcosα
𝑝+1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = ( ) tan 𝛼
𝑃−1
For sin(x + 200) = 2sin(x – 200)
2+1
tanx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛200 = 3tan200
2−1
x = tan (3𝑡𝑎𝑛200 ) = 47.520
−1

𝑡2 𝑡3 𝑑2 𝑦
11. Given that x = and y = , find .
1+ 𝑡 3 1+ 𝑡 3 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑡2
x =
1+ 𝑡 3
𝑑𝑥 2𝑡(1+ 𝑡 3 )−3𝑡 4 2𝑡+2𝑡 4 −3𝑡 4 2𝑡− 𝑡 4 𝑡(2− 𝑡 3 )
= = = =
𝑑𝑡 (1+ 𝑡 3 )2 (1+ 𝑡 3 )2 (1+ 𝑡 3 )2 (1+ 𝑡 3 )2
𝑡3
y=
1+ 𝑡 3
𝑑𝑦 3𝑡 2 (1+ 𝑡 3 )− 𝑡 3 (3𝑡 2 ) 3𝑡 2 +3𝑡 5 −3𝑡 5 3𝑡 2
= = =
𝑑𝑡 (1+ 𝑡 3 )2 (1+ 𝑡 3 )2 (1+ 𝑡 3 )2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
3𝑡 2 (1+ 𝑡 3 )2 3𝑡 2 3𝑡
= . = =
(1+ 𝑡 3 )2 𝑡(2− 𝑡 3 ) 𝑡(2− 𝑡 3 ) 2− 𝑡 3
 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= ( ).
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡

𝑑 𝑑𝑦 3(2− 𝑡 3 )−3𝑡(−3𝑡 3 ) 6− 3𝑡 3 + 9𝑡 3 6+ 6𝑡 3 6(1 + 𝑡 3 )

( )= = = =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 (2− 𝑡 3 )2 (2− 𝑡 3 )2 (2− 𝑡 3 )2 (2− 𝑡 3 )2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= ( ).
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
3
6(1 + 𝑡 3 ) (1+ 𝑡 3 )2 6(1 + 𝑡 3 )3 6 1 + 𝑡3
= . = = ( )
(2− 𝑡 3 )2 𝑡(2− 𝑡 3 ) 𝑡(2− 𝑡 3 )3 𝑡 2− 𝑡 3

12. (a) Line A is the intersection of two planes whose equations are
3x –y + z = 2 and x + 5y +2z = 6. Find the equation of the line.
3x –y + z = 2 ………………….. (i)
x + 5y +2z = 6 ………………… (ii)
5eqn. (i) + eqn. (ii)
15x -5y +5z = 10
+ x + 5y + 2z = 6
16x + 7z = 16
Let x = λ
16λ + 7z = 16
1
z = (16 − 16𝜆)
7
Substituting for x and z in equation (i)
1
3λ – y + (16 − 16𝜆) = 2
7
21λ – 7y + 16 - 16λ = 14
1
y = (2 + 5𝜆)
7
let λ = 1 + 7μ
=> x = 1 + 7μ
1 1
y = (2 + 5(1 + 7𝜇)) = (2 + 5 + 35𝜇) = 1 + 5μ
7 7
1 1
z=(16 − 16(1 + 7𝜇))= (16 − 16 − 16 𝑥7𝜇))= -16μ
7 7
1 7
𝑟 = (1) + 𝜇 ( 5 )
0 −16
𝑥 1 7
( 𝑦 ) = (1) + 𝜇 ( 5 )
𝑧 0 −16
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 −𝑧
= =
7 5 16
(b) Given that line B is perpendicular to the plane 3x –y + z = 2and passes through the point
C(1, 1, 0), find the
(i) Cartesian equation of line B
Normal to the plane b = 3i –j + k
r = a + λb
1 3
= (1) + 𝜆 (−1)
0 1
𝑥 1 3
(𝑦) = (1) + 𝜆 (−1)
𝑧 0 1
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧
= =
3 −1 1
 (ii) angle between line B and line A in (a) above

Let b1 = 7i + 5j – 16k and b2 = 3i –j + k and θ = angle between line A and line B

b1.b2 = |𝑏1 ||𝑏2 |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

b1.b2 = (7i + 5j – 16k).( 3i –j + k)

= 21 -5 – 16 = 0

|𝑏1 ||𝑏2 |𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0

cosθ = 0

𝜃 = cos −1 0 = 900
1+ √𝑥
13. (a) Find ∫ dx
2√𝑥
Let u = √𝑥
u2 = x
2udu = dx
1+ √𝑥 1+𝑢 1 𝑥
=> ∫ dx = ∫ , 2𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ∫(𝑖 + 𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = u + 𝑢2 + 𝑐 = √𝑥 + +𝑐
2√𝑥 2𝑢 2 2
Alternatively
Let √𝑥 = tanu
1
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
2√𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
1+ √𝑥 1+tan 𝑢
∫ dx = ∫ ( ) . 2√𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
2√𝑥 2√𝑥
= ∫(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
1
= tanu + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 + 𝑐
2
𝑥
= √𝑥 + +𝑐
2
2𝑦
(b) The gradient of the tangent at any point on a curve is x - . The curve passes through the
𝑥
point (2, 4), find the equation of the curve.
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦
=x-
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦
+ =𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝜆 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝐼𝑛𝑥 = x2
Multiplying through by λ
𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑥 2 𝑦
𝑑
 (𝑥 2 𝑦) = 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
∫ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥2𝑦 = 𝑥4 + 𝑐
4
At (2,4)
4 x 4 = 4 + c => c = 12
1 1 12
𝑥2𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 12 or y = 𝑥 2 + or 4𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 48
4 4 𝑥2
14. (a) The point P(a𝑡12 , 2𝑎𝑡1 ) and Q(a𝑡22 , 2𝑎𝑡2 ) are on parabola y2 = 4ax. OP is perpendicular to
OQ, where O is the origin. Show that t1t2 + 4 = 0.
OP.OQ = 0

2𝑎𝑡1 2
Gradient of OP, = m1 = =
𝑎𝑡12 𝑡1
2𝑎𝑡2 2
Gradient of OQ = 𝑚2 = =
𝑎𝑡22 𝑡2
But m1m2 = -1
2 2
. = −1
𝑡1 𝑡2
𝑡1 𝑡2 + 4 = 0
Alternatively
OP.OQ = 0
𝑎𝑡 2 𝑎𝑡 2
( 1) ( 2) = 0
𝑎𝑡1 𝑎𝑡2
𝑎𝑡12 . 𝑎𝑡22 + 2𝑎𝑡1 . 2𝑎𝑡2 = 0
a𝑎2 𝑡1 𝑡2 (𝑡1 𝑡2 + 4) = 0
 𝑡1 𝑡2 + 4 = 0
Alternatively
̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 2 = ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑃2 + ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑄2

𝑎2 (𝑡22 − 𝑡12 ) + 4𝑎2 (𝑡2 − 𝑡1 )2 = 𝑎2 𝑡14 + 4𝑎2 𝑡12 + 𝑎2 𝑡24 + 4𝑎2 𝑡22

𝑎2 𝑡24 − 2𝑎2 𝑡12 𝑡22 + 𝑎2 𝑡14 + 4𝑎2 𝑡22 − 8𝑎2 𝑡1 𝑡2 + 4𝑎2 𝑡12 = 𝑎2 𝑡14 + 4𝑎2 𝑡12 + 𝑎2 𝑡24 + 4𝑎2 𝑡22

− 2𝑎2 𝑡12 𝑡22 − 8𝑎2 𝑡1 𝑡2 = 0

𝑡1 𝑡2 + 4 = 0
(b) The normal to the rectangular hyperbola xy = 8 at point (4, 2) meets the asymptotes at
M and N. find the length MN.

𝑐
The equation of the normal to a rectangular hyperbola xy = c2 at a point (ct, ) is given by
𝑡
𝑡 3 𝑥 = ty + c(𝑡 4 − 1)
Comparing xy = c2 with xy = 8
 c2 = 8; c = 2√2

Also comparing point (𝑐𝑡, 𝑐⁄𝑡) with (4, 2)

  ct = 4
(2√2)𝑡 = 4
4
t = = √2
2√2

Find the equation of the normal by substituting for c and t.

3 4
(√2) = (√2)𝑦 + 2√2 [(√2) − 1]
2 4
(√2) = 𝑦 + 2[(√2) − 1]
2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 6
y = 2x -6
The normal drawn from the curve meets the asymptotes at the x-axis (M) and y-axis N as
shown above
At point, y = 0
 2x = 6; x= 3, M(3, 0)

At point, x = 0

 y =-6; N(0, -6)

̅̅̅̅̅ = √(3 − 0)2 + (0 − 6)2 = 3√5 = 6.708units

𝑁𝑀

Alternatively
𝑑𝑦
y+𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
= −
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

At (4, 2)
𝑑𝑦 2 1
− = −
𝑑𝑥 4 2

Hence gradient of normal at (4,2) is 2

Finding thee equation of the normal

𝑦−2
=2
𝑥−2

y = 2x- 6

Along y-axis at N, x = 0 => y = -6, N(0, -6)

Along y-axis at M, y = 0 => x = 3, M(3, 0)

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑀 = √(3 − 0)2 + (0 − 6)2 = 3√5 = 6.708units

15. (a) Prove by induction

1
1.3 + 2.4 + … + n(n + 2) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 7) for all values of n.
6
Suppose n = 1
L.H.S = 1 x 3 = 3
1
R.H.S = 𝑥1(1 + 1)(2 + 7) = 3
6
L.H.S = R.H.S, hence the series holds for n =1
Suppose n = 2
L.H.S= 1 x 3 + 2 x 4 = 11
1
R.H.S = 𝑥 2(2 + 1)(4 + 7) = 11
6
L.H.S = R.H.S, hence the series holds for n =2
Suppose n = k
1
1.3 + 2.4 + … + k(k + 2) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 7)
6
For n = k + 1
1
1.3 + 2.4 + … + k(k + 2), (k + 1)(k + 3) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 7)+(k +1)(k + 3)
6
1
=(k + 1)[ 𝑘(2𝑘 + 7) + (𝑘 + 3]
6
1
= (𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 2 + 13𝑘 + 18)
6
1
= (𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 9𝑘 + 18)
6
1
= (𝑘 + 1(𝑘 + 2)(2𝑘 + 9)
6
1
= (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)[2(𝑘 + 1) + 7]
6
Which is equal to R.H.S when n = k + 1
It holds for n = 1, 2, 3 …, hence it holds for all integral values of n.

(b) A man deposits Shs. 150,000 at the beginning of every year in a micro finance bank with
the understanding that at the end of the seven years he is paid back his money with 5%
per annum compound interest. How much does he receive?
𝑟 𝑛
Using amount, A = P(1 + )
100
5 7
=150000(1 + ) =211,065.06
100
Alternatively
1st year
P = 150,000
5 5
He is paid back principal plus interest; P(1 + ) = 150,000(1 + )=157,500
100 100
nd
2 year
P = 157, 500
5 5
He is paid back principal plus interest; P(1 + ) = 157500(1 + )=165375
100 100
3rd year
P = 165375
5
Interest = 𝑥 165375 = 8268.75
10
5 5
He is paid back principal plus interest; P(1 + ) = 165375 (1 + )=173643.75
100 100
th
4 year
P=173643.75
5 5
He is paid back principal plus interest; P(1 + ) = 173643.75(1 + )=182325.94
100 100
5th year
P =182325.94
5 5
His paid back principal plus interest; P(1 + ) = 182325.94(1 + )=191442.23
100 100
 6th year
P = 191442.23
5 5
He is paid back principal plus interest; P(1 + ) = 191442.23(1 + )=201014.35
100 100
7th year
P = 201014.35
5 5
He is paid back principal plus interest; P(1 + ) = 201014.35(1 + )=211,065.06
100 100
th
∴ by the 7 year he has accumulated shs. 211,065.06

𝑑𝑦
16. (a) If x2 + 3y2 = k, where k is constant, find at the point (1, 2).
𝑑𝑥
2 2
x + 3y = k
𝑑𝑦
2x + 6y =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 6𝑦
Substituting for (x, y) = (1, 2)
𝑑𝑦 −2 −2 −1
= = =
𝑑𝑥 6(2) 12 6

(b) A rectangular field of area 7200m2 is to be fenced using a wire mesh. On one side of the
field. Is a straight river. This side is not to be fenced. Find the dimension of the field hat
will minimize the amount of wire mesh to be used.

Area = 7200

Lw = 7200
7200
L= ……………………………..……… (i)
𝑤

Perimeter, P = 2w + L ………………… (ii)

Substituting eqn. (i) into eqn. (ii)

7200
P = 2w +
𝑤

𝑑𝑝 7200
=2−
𝑑𝑤 𝑤2

𝑑𝑝
Minimum perimeter occurs when =0
𝑑𝑤
7200
 2− =0
𝑤2
2w2 = 7200
w2= 3600
w = ±60 or w = 60
from eqn. (ii)
7200
L= = 120𝑚
60
Hence the dimensions are 60m x 120m
Thank you
Dr. Bbosa Science