Relevant Function References:

import random - This line imports the random module from the Python Standard Library. It allows for
generating random numbers and choices.

Python Standard Library: https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html

import string - This line imports the string module from the Python Standard Library. It provides various
string-related functions and constants.

Python Standard Library: https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html

import os - This line imports the os module from the Python Standard Library. It provides a way to
interact with the operating system, including file paths and file operations.

Python Standard Library: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html

random.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "!+-=?#%*@&^$_") - This line uses random.choice()

random.choice(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html#random.choice

string.ascii_letters: https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#string.ascii_letters

string.digits: https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#string.digits

os.path.splitext(file_path)[0] + ".txt" - This line uses os.path.splitext() from the os module to split the file
path and then concatenate the ".txt" extension to ensure that the file path has the correct extension.

os.path.splitext(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html#os.path.splitext

random.randint(12, 20) - This line uses random.randint() from the random module to generate a
random integer between 12 and 20 (inclusive). It is used to determine the password length.

random.randint(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html#random.randint

with open(file_path, "r") as file: - This line uses the built-in open() function to open a file in read mode
("r") with the given file path. It is used for reading the input file.

open(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#open
with open(file_path, "w") as file: - This line uses the built-in open() function to open a file in write mode
("w") with the given file path. It is used for creating and writing to the output file.

open(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#open

str.strip() - This method is called on strings to remove leading and trailing whitespace characters.

str.strip(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.strip

str.split(",") - This method is called on strings to split the string using a comma as a delimiter.

str.split(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.split

random.choice() - This function is used to make a random choice from a sequence.

random.choice(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html#random.choice

str.upper() - This method is called on strings to convert the string to uppercase characters.

str.upper(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.upper

str.endswith(".txt") - This method is called on strings to check if the string ends with the specified suffix
(".txt" in this case).

str.endswith(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.endswith

os.path.exists() - This function is used to check if a file or directory exists.

os.path.exists(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html#os.path.exists

os.path.splitext() - This function is used to split the file path into a root and an extension.

os.path.splitext(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html#os.path.splitext

str.isdigit() - This method is called on strings to check if all characters in the string are digits.

str.isdigit(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.isdigit
try and except - These are used for exception handling. The code inside the try block is executed, and if
an exception occurs, the code inside the corresponding except block is executed. In the code, it is used
to catch the FileNotFoundError when trying to open the input file.

Python Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html

if, elif, and else - These are used for conditional statements. The code inside the if block is executed if
the condition is True. If the condition is False, the code inside the elif block (if any) is executed. If none of
the conditions in the if and elif blocks are True, the code inside the else block (if any) is executed.

Python Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements

while True - This creates an infinite loop that continues until a break statement is encountered inside
the loop or an exception is raised. In the code, it is used for input validation in the functions to
repeatedly ask for input until a valid input is provided.

Python Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#first-steps-towards-

input() - This function is used to read input from the user. The input is returned as a string. In the code, it
is used to get user input for the file paths, username, and confirmation prompts.

Python Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#input

return - This statement is used to exit a function and return a value to the caller. In the code, it is used to
return the password strength from the check_password_strength() function and the generated
password from the generate_strong_password() function.

Python Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions

break - This statement is used to exit a loop prematurely. In the code, it is used to exit the infinite loops
when the user provides valid input or when the password is saved, and a different password is not
requested.

Python Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#break-and-continue-

continue - This statement is used to skip the rest of the current iteration of a loop and move to the next
iteration. In the code, it is used to skip the rest of the loop and restart the input prompt when the
username length exceeds 20 characters.
Python Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#break-and-continue-
statements-and-else-clauses-on-loops

Parts of Code Explanation:

Explanation: These lines import the required modules - random, string, and os for generating random
passwords, accessing character sets, and working with file paths, respectively. You can find information
about these modules in the Python Standard Library

Explanation: This part of the code defines a function called check_password_strength that takes a
password string as input and checks its strength based on the specified requirements. This initializes a
variable strength to keep track of the number of password requirements that the given password meets.
The if statemetns check each password requirement individually (lowercase letters, uppercase letters,
digits, and symbols) using generator expressions and increment the strength variable accordingly. Based
on the value of strength variable, if the password is weak or moderate, it returns "Poor" or "Moderate"
respectively. Otherwise, it returns "Strong".
Explanation: This part of the code defines a function called open_input_file to open the input file
containing usernames and passwords and returns its content as a list of lines. These lines prompt the
user to enter the path to the input file (Users-Pwds.txt). It then corrects the file extension to .txt, checks
if the file exists, and returns its content as a list of lines.

Explanation: This part of the code defines a function called process_passwords to process each line from
the input file and check the strength of passwords. These lines initialize an empty list called
checked_passwords. It then iterates through each line (passwords) from the input file, extracts the
username and password, checks the password strength, and appends the username, password, and
strength as a tuple to checked_passwords list. Finally, it returns the list.
Explanation: This part of code defines a function called create_output_file to create an output file and
write the checked passwords with their strengths. Then it sets the output file path to 'Users-Pwds-
Chked.txt' and open it in write mode. It then iterates through each checked password, writes the
username, password, and strength to the file.

Explanation: This part of the code defines a function called generate_strong_password to generate a
strong password with a randomized length between 12 and 20 characters. Its purpose is to generate a
random password length between 12 and 20 characters, and then a loop runs for that length to create
the password by randomly selecting characters from the allowed character set.

Explanation: This part of the code defines a function called generate_password to generate a password
for a given username and check its strength then it prompts the user to enter a username and ensure
that the username is not longer than 20 characters.
Explanation: These lines generate a strong password, check its strength, and display the username,
password, and strength to the user. It then prompts the user to save the password, and if the user
chooses to save, it asks for the output file path and writes the username and password to the file.
Explanation: These lines implement the main loop of the program, displaying the menu options, and
executing the chosen functionality based on the user's input.