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Diabetes (Revision)

This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus. It defines diabetes as a group of metabolic disorders causing hyperglycemia. The main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Risk factors for each type are described. Common symptoms of high blood sugar are also outlined. The document discusses how diabetes is diagnosed through blood glucose testing. Treatments mentioned include diet, exercise, and medication. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of controlling blood sugar levels through treatment adherence.

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52 views10 pages

Diabetes (Revision)

This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus. It defines diabetes as a group of metabolic disorders causing hyperglycemia. The main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Risk factors for each type are described. Common symptoms of high blood sugar are also outlined. The document discusses how diabetes is diagnosed through blood glucose testing. Treatments mentioned include diet, exercise, and medication. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of controlling blood sugar levels through treatment adherence.

Uploaded by

กฤติน วนิจวรางกุล
Copyright
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIABETES MELLITUS

PRESENTED BY KITTIN WANIJWARANGKOON


FACULTY OF MEDICINE MAHASARAKHAM UNIVERSITY

65011510001
OUTLINE

Difinition
Diabetes Risk Factors
Diabetes Symptoms

Diagnosis of diabete

Diabetes Mellitus Treatments


Conclusion

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DIFINITION

Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common


metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia.
Several distinct types of DM are caused by a complex interaction
of genetics and environmental factors. Depending on the
etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include
reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and
increased glucose production.

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DIABETES RISK FACTORS

Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Gestational Diabetes


Had gestational diabetes during a
Are overweight. previous pregnancy.
Family history: Having a parent,
Are 45 years or older. Have given birth to a baby who
brother, or sister with type 1
Genetic weighed over 9 pounds.
diabetes.
Are physically active less than 3 Are overweight.
Age: You can get type 1 diabetes
times a week. Are more than 25 years old.
at any age, but it usually develops
Have ever had gestational Have a family history of type 2
in children, teens, or young adults.
diabetes. diabetes.
Have a hormone disorder called
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

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Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes

DIABETES SYMPTOMS
Symptoms are mild but can progress to severe symptoms.

See your doctor about getting your blood sugar tested:


Urinate (pee) a lot, often at night
Are very thirsty Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
Lose weight without trying
Are very hungry Symptoms often take years to develop. Some people don't
Have blurry vision notice symptoms at all. Start when you're an adult because the
Have numb or tingling hands or feet symptoms are difficult to observe Knowing the risk factors for
Feel very tired type 2 diabetes is important.
Have very dry skin
Have sores that heal slowly
Have more infections than usual
Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) usually


doesn’t have any symptoms. If you’re pregnant, your doctor

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should test you for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks
of pregnancy.
DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES
relies on blood glucose testing according to the following criteria:

In case of diabetes and blood sugar levels (Fasting or not)


from 200 mg/dl. or more, diagnosed as diabetes.

in case of asymptomatic but blood sugar levels Before


breakfast, 126 mg/dL or more at least 2 times gives a
diagnosis of diabetes.

In case of blood sugar Before breakfast is between 100-125 mg / dl

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is considered abnormal fasting glucose (Impaired Fasting Plasma
Glucose or IFG) should be monitored every year.
DIABETES MELLITUS TREATMENTS
Diet
All kinds of green leafy vegetables Lean meat, egg whites, etc. And
fruits, are recommended to eat less sweet fruits such as guava, rose
apple, dragon fruit, etc.

Exercise

Do aerobic exercise such as jogging, swimming, cycling for at least 150


minutes per week.

Drug use

Treatment of diabetes by medication. Take medication as prescribed by your doctor.

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CONCLUSION
Diabetes is a disease caused by a malfunction of the hormone
called insulin, divided into 3 main types, which are the most
common type of diabetes is type 2 diabetes.
The cause of this type of diabetes is caused by heredity and
daily life, such as eating starchy foods or desserts, being
overweight, having belly fat, having less body movement, don't
exercise, etc.
Symptoms that we can observe include fatigue more easily
than usual, frequent urination, frequent thirst, especially
urination at night, weight loss for no apparent reason numb
hands and toes
Patients with diabetes can continue their daily lives and do
various activities, including regular work, but must control their
sugar levels within normal limits by controlling their diet,
exercising, and using blood-sugar-lowering drugs. Including
following up on treatment regularly.

8
REFERNCES

BANKOK HOSPITAL PATTAYA.(n.p.).How is diabetes diagnosed?


.Retrived Jan 16,2023, from https://www.bangkokpattayahospital.com/th/healthcare-services/dm-and-endocrinology-center-th/diabetes-
articles-th/item/451-diabetes-2-th.html?fbclid=IwAR3hGgaIpFZuu7YPYRSSpUxIx0q46hfNobQDNMvjMVvLSRrXTpEl7-JqcfI

MedPark hospital.(2021). Diabete.Retrived Jan 16,2023, from https://www.medparkhospital.com/content/diabetes-mellitus?


fbclid=IwAR0LnmWusocsfo1MFG-0-2cBRpekpW8SqIAmT7gJgX1SY95EWCLyi2rb64c

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(2022). Diabetes Risk Factors.Retrived Jan 16,2023, from
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/risk-factors.html

Alvin C. Powers; Kevin D. Niswender; Carmella Evans-Molina.(2023).Chapter 396: Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis, Classification, and
Pathophysiology.Retrived Jan 16,2023, from
https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2129&sectionid=192288322#1156520781

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF).(2023).What is diabetes.Retrived Jan 16,2023, from


https://www.idf.org/aboutdiabetes/what-is-diabetes.html?fbclid=IwAR1oe8sUYL3Ii_X5mpWiXRJZPnge-i3hCTQ_9fS-18Rbhjj_fIP4mMiql6s

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THANK YOU

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