SCADA Questions

SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a type of software application and hardware
control that defines the way data and real-time processing is controlled. You mostly find SCADA in
certain industries such as power plants and oil and refining businesses. You can also find SCADA
rules in telecommunications and transportation industries.
1. : What are some different levels of SCADA machines and systems?

A: SCADA machines have several different forms. You can have field level devices such as sensors.
You can have remote terminal units (RTUs), a main controller or “master station,” or you can have a
simple computer system interface that displays data for the user.
2. Q: Why do companies use SCADA?
A: SCADA is a methodology that defines performance and protection of data for the plant or
communication center. It helps improve productivity for employees and helps the economy save
energy.
3. Q: What voltage does an RTU operate with?

A: A remote terminal unit operates at 110V/240V.
4. Q: Why would a company want to use a PLC over an RTU?

A: A programmable logic controller (PLC) is much cheaper and more flexible with programming.
PLCs have been replacing RTUs because they are also easier to troubleshoot and have more
sophisticated controls than RTUs.
5. Q: What is an HMI?
A: An HMI (human machine interface) is the system that connects to a SCADA database that displays
data for the user. The HMI allows the operator to review diagnostic data and trending graphs.
6. Q: What is DDE?
A: DDE is the acronym for dynamic data exchange. DDE provides a communication protocol that
allows devices to send and receive communication signals. This protocol was developed by Microsoft,
so if the shop is a Microsoft shop, you will probably need to know some things about DDE and how
devices communicate.
7. Q: What are some advantages of SCADA over other protocols?

A: SCADA allows users to create object-oriented graphs, they can offer trending graphs to review
data in real-time. SCADA also deals with big data, so you can develop a database system that displays
trends over a number of years. This allows the business quick access to important data that can be
used for future growth and enhancements.
8. Q: How does SCADA handle data?

A: SCADA systems gather data and send them to a central machine that processes the data. The
SCADA software is used to manage the data and display it to the user. SCADA also logs information
about who runs reports and the data that is used.
9. Q: How does SCADA handle issues?

A: SCADA has an alarm or alert system that interfaces with personnel to send them a warning when a
system is not working properly.
10. Q: What is the “Historian” in SCADA?

A: The historian is the name given to the software service that collects events and logs them into the
database for future use.
11. Different Levels of SCADA?

Answer: Different levels are SCADA systems are:
 Field level devices and instruments eg: Sensors
 Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
 Communication system present between the RTUs and Main Station
 Main Control Station or Master Station
 Computer systems pertained to processing the data for displaying to operator
Why SCADA systems are Implemented?

Answer: Some of the reasons or advantages why SCADA systems are implemented are:
1. SCADA systems improves the performance of the operation of the plant

2. SCADA systems provides better protection to the equipment of the plant
3. SCADA systems improves productivity of the personnel
4. Information receives very fast, process the information and display it to opertor in graphs and
plots. Hence helps the operator to take the decisions fast.
5. Provides better energy savings and saves economy.
What is the capacity of CPU of Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)?
Answer: Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) contain generally microprocessor having 16 bit or 32 bit (eg:
68302 or 80386)
What is the Power Supply provided to the RTU?

Answer: Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) are operated from 110V/240V + or - 10% and 50Hz or
12/24/48V + or - 10% DC Voltage
What are advantages of PLCs over RTUs?

Answer: Advantages of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are they can be used for general
purpose can easily set for verity of functions. Some of the advantages of PLCs over RTUs are: PLCs are
reliable, cheap, flexible compared to RTUs, sophisticated control and troubleshooting in PLC is easier.
What is Automation?
Answer: Automation by definition includes:
 Monitoring
 Measurement
 Control
 Data Communication
 System Protection
What is SCADA Master ?
Answer: SCADA master station is the virtual brain of the automation system. The job of SCADA master is
to receive data and information from the field, decides what to do with it, stores it (directly or after some
form of processing), and issues requests and/or commands to the remote devices. Therefore, the SCADA
master is effectively in control of the complete system automation.
What is the function of Remote Terminal Unit?

Answer: Purpose of RTU employed at remote location is to collect information from the connected
instruments in the field, translate the information into the language the supervisor required, send it
through to the supervisor, receive instructions back, and relay this to the field instruments.

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SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a type of software application and hardware

1. : What are some different levels of SCADA machines and systems?

3. Q: What voltage does an RTU operate with?

4. Q: Why would a company want to use a PLC over an RTU?

7. Q: What are some advantages of SCADA over other protocols?

8. Q: How does SCADA handle data?

9. Q: How does SCADA handle issues?

10. Q: What is the “Historian” in SCADA?

11. Different Levels of SCADA?

Why SCADA systems are Implemented?

1. SCADA systems improves the performance of the operation of the plant

What is the capacity of CPU of Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)?

What is the Power Supply provided to the RTU?

What are advantages of PLCs over RTUs?

What is the function of Remote Terminal Unit?

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