oSIST prEN IEC 60060 1 2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023

01-maj-2023
Visokonapetostne preskusne tehnike - 1. del: Splošne definicije in preskusne

zahteve
High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Hochspannungs-Prüftechnik - Teil 1: Allgemeine Begriffe und Prüfbedingungen
(standards.iteh.ai)
Technique des essais à haute tension - Partie 1: Définitions et exigences générales

Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/60fb6796-48e8-49d7-9088-
b4195bd7d19f/osist-pren-iec-60060-1-2023
ICS:
17.220.20 Merjenje električnih in Measurement of electrical
magnetnih veličin and magnetic quantities
19.080 Električno in elektronsko Electrical and electronic
preskušanje testing
oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

(standards.iteh.ai)
42/414/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
P ROJECT NUMBER :
IEC 60060-1 ED4

D ATE OF CIRCULATION : C LOSING DATE FOR VOTING :
2023-03-24 2023-06-16
S UPERSEDES DOCUMENTS :
42/403/CD, 42/409/CC
IEC TC 42 : H IGH - VOLTAGE AND HIGH - CURRENT TEST TECHNIQUES
S ECRETARIAT : S ECRETARY :
Canada Mr Howard G. Sedding

O F INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES : P ROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD :
TC 14,TC 17,SC 17A,SC 17C,SC 18A,TC 23,TC

32,TC 36,TC 37,TC 38,TC 122 Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
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EMC E NVIRONMENT Q UALITY ASSURANCE S AFETY

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The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
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oSIST
The CENELEC members are invited to prEN the
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AC/22/2007.
T ITLE :
High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE : 2027
N OTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS :
Copyright © 2023 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to
download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National
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IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –1– 42/414/CDV
1 FOREWORD ................................................................................................................ 5
2 1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 7
3 2 Normative references ........................................................................................... 7
4 3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................... 7
5 3.1 Definitions related to characteristics of discharges ....................................... 8
6 3.2 Definitions related to characteristics of the test voltage ................................ 8
7 3.3 Definitions related to tolerance and uncertainty ............................................ 9
8 3.4 Definitions related to statistical characteristics of disruptive discharge
9 voltage values .............................................................................................. 9
10 3.5 Definitions related to classification of insulation in test objects................... 11
11 4 General requirements ......................................................................................... 11
12 4.1 General requirements for test procedures .................................................. 11
13 4.2 Arrangement of the test object in dry tests ................................................. 12
14 4.3 Atmospheric corrections in dry tests .......................................................... 12
15 4.3.1 Standard reference atmosphere .......................................................... 12
16 4.3.2 Atmospheric correction factors for air gaps ......................................... 13
17 4.3.3 Application of correction factors .......................................................... 13
18 4.3.4 Correction factor components ............................................................. 14
19 4.3.5 Measurement of atmospheric parameters ........................................... 16
20
21
4.3.6
4.4
Conflicting requirements for testing internal and external insulation .... 18
Wet tests ................................................................................................... 18
22
23
4.4.1
4.4.2
(standards.iteh.ai)
Wet test procedure ............................................................................. 18
Atmospheric corrections for wet tests ................................................. 19
24 4.5 Artificial pollution tests ............................................................................... 20
25 5 oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
Tests with direct voltage ..................................................................................... 20
26 5.1 Definitions for direct voltage tests .............................................................. 20
27 5.2 Test voltage ............................................................................................... 20
28 5.2.1 Requirements for the test voltage ....................................................... 20
29 5.2.2 Generation of the test voltage ............................................................. 21
30 5.2.3 Measurement of the test voltage ......................................................... 21
31 5.2.4 Measurement of the test current ......................................................... 21
32 5.3 Test procedures ......................................................................................... 22
33 5.3.1 Withstand voltage tests....................................................................... 22
34 5.3.2 Disruptive discharge voltage tests ...................................................... 22
35 5.3.3 Assured disruptive discharge voltage tests ......................................... 22
36 6 Tests with alternating voltage ............................................................................. 22
37 6.1 Definitions for alternating voltage tests ...................................................... 22
38 6.2 Test Voltage .............................................................................................. 23
42 6.2.4 Measurement of the test current ......................................................... 25
43 6.3 Test procedures ......................................................................................... 25
45 6.3.2 Disruptive-discharge voltage tests ...................................................... 26
46 6.3.3 Assured disruptive-discharge voltage tests ......................................... 26
47 7 Tests with lightning impulse voltage ................................................................... 26
48 7.1 Definitions for lightning impulse voltage tests ............................................. 26
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –2– 42/414/CDV
49 7.2 Test voltage ............................................................................................... 34

50 7.2.1 Requirements for test voltages ........................................................... 34
52 7.2.3 Measurement of the test voltage and determination of impulse shape . 35
53 7.2.4 Measurement of current during tests with impulse voltages ................ 35
54 7.3 Test procedures ......................................................................................... 35
56 7.3.2 Assured disruptive-discharge voltage tests ......................................... 37
57 8 Tests with switching impulse voltage .................................................................. 37
58 8.1 Definitions for switching impulse voltage tests ........................................... 37
59 8.2 Test voltage ............................................................................................... 39
60 8.2.1 Requirements for test voltages ........................................................... 39
62 8.2.3 Measurement of test voltage and determination of impulse shape ....... 39
63 8.2.4 Measurement of current during tests with impulse voltages ................ 39
64 8.3 Test procedures ......................................................................................... 40
65 9 Tests with combined voltages ............................................................................. 40
66 9.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 40
67 9.2 Definitions for combined voltage tests ........................................................ 40
9.3 Test voltage ............................................................................................... 43
68
70
71
9.3.2
9.3.3 (standards.iteh.ai)
Generation of test voltages ................................................................. 43
Measurement of the test voltage ......................................................... 44
72 9.4 Test procedures ......................................................................................... 44
73 10 Tests with composite voltages oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
............................................................................ 44
74 10.1 https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/60fb6796-48e8-49d7-9088-
Introduction ................................................................................................ 44
75
10.2 Definitions for composite voltage tests ....................................................... 45
76 10.3 Test voltage ............................................................................................... 47
78 10.3.2 Generation of test voltages ................................................................. 47
80 10.4 Test procedures ......................................................................................... 48
81 Annex A (informative) Statistical treatment of test results ......................................... 49
82 A.1 Classification of tests ................................................................................. 49
83 A.1.1 Class 1: Multiple-level tests (Figure A.1) ............................................. 49
84 A.1.2 Class 2: Up-and-down tests (Figure A.2) ............................................ 49
85 A.1.3 Class 3: Progressive stress tests (Figure A.3) .................................... 50
86 A.2 Statistical behaviour of disruptive discharge .............................................. 50
87 A.2.1 Confidence limits ................................................................................ 50
88 A.3 Analysis of test results ............................................................................... 51
89 A.3.1 Treatment of results from Class 1 tests ............................................... 54
92 A.4 Application of maximum likelihood methods ............................................... 56
93 A.5 Reference documents ................................................................................ 57
94 Annex B (normative) Procedures for calculation of parameters of standard lightning
95 impulse voltages without or with superimposed overshoot or oscillations ............ 58
96 B.1 General remarks ........................................................................................ 58
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –3– 42/414/CDV
97 B.2 Basis of the procedures ............................................................................. 58

98 B.3 Procedure for evaluation of parameters of full lightning impulses ............... 58
99 B.4 Procedure for evaluation of parameters of tail chopped lightning impulses . 61
100 Annex C (informative) ................................................................................................ 63
101 Procedure for manual calculation from graphical waveforms.................................. 63
102 Annex D (informative) Guidance for implementing software for evaluation of lightning
103 impulse voltage parameters ................................................................................ 64
104 D.1 Guidance for implementing base curve fitting ............................................. 64
105 D.2 An example of a digital filter for implementation of the test voltage function
106 .................................................................................................................. 64
107 D.3 Reference documents ................................................................................ 65
108 Annex E (informative) The iterative calculation method in the converse procedure for
109 the determination of atmospheric correction factor .............................................. 66
110 E.1 Introductory remark .................................................................................... 66
111 E.2 Change of atmospheric pressure with altitude ............................................ 66
112 E.3 Sensitivity of K t to U 50 ............................................................................... 67
113 E.4 Calculation with the iterative calculation procedure .................................... 68
114 E.5 Comment ................................................................................................... 72
115 E.6 Reference documents ................................................................................ 72
116 Annex F (informative) New definition of the front time of switching impulse voltage .. 73
117 F.1 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Time to peak evaluation ............................................................................. 73
F.2 Standard switching impulse voltage ........................................................... 73
(standards.iteh.ai)
118
119 F.3 Non-standard switching impulse voltage .................................................... 73
120
121 Figure 1 – Recommended minimum oSIST prEN IEC

clearance 60060-1:2023
D of extraneous live or earthed objects
122 to the energized electrode of a test object, during an AC or positive switching impulse
123 test at the maximum voltage U applied during test ..................................................... 12
124 Figure 2 – k as a function of the ratio of the absolute humidity h to the relative air
125 density δ (see 4.3.4.2 for limits of applicability) .......................................................... 15
126 Figure 3a – Values of exponent m for air density correction as a function of
127 parameter g ............................................................................................................... 16
128 Figure 3b – Values of exponent w for humidity correction as a function of parameter g
129 ........................................................................................................................... 16
130 Figure 4 – Absolute humidity of air as a function of dry- and wet-bulb thermometer
131 readings .................................................................................................................... 17
132 Figure 5 – Full lightning impulse voltage .................................................................... 27
133 Figure 6 – Test voltage function ................................................................................. 28
134 Figure 7 – Full impulse voltage time parameters ........................................................ 29
135 Figure 8 – Voltage time interval ................................................................................. 30
136 Figure 9 – Voltage integral ......................................................................................... 31
137 Figure 10 – Lightning impulse voltage chopped on the front ....................................... 32
138 Figure 11 – Lightning impulse voltage chopped on the tail ......................................... 32
139 Figure 12 – Linearly rising front chopped impulse ...................................................... 33
140 Figure 13 – Voltage/time curve for impulses of constant prospective shape ............... 34
141 Figure 14 – Switching impulse voltage (to be newly plotted)....................................... 38
142 Figure 15 – Circuit for a combined voltage test .......................................................... 41
143 Figure 16 – Schematic example for combined voltage (AC + positive impulse) between
144 two HV terminals........................................................................................................ 42
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –4– 42/414/CDV
145 Figure 17 – Examples of time delay ∆t ....................................................................... 43

146 Figure 18 – Circuit for a composite voltage test ......................................................... 45
147 Figure 19 – Schematic example for composite voltage (AC and positive impulse)
148 between one HV terminal and earth ........................................................................... 46
149 Figure 20 – Examples of time delay ∆t ....................................................................... 47
150 Figure A.1 – Example of a multiple-level (Class 1) test .............................................. 52
151 Figure A.2 – Examples of decreasing and increasing up-and-down (Class 2) tests for
152 determination of 10 % and 90 % disruptive-discharge probabilities respectively ......... 53
153 Figure A.3 – Examples of progressive stress (Class 3) tests ...................................... 54
154 Figure B.1 – Recorded and base curves showing overshoot and residual curve ......... 59
155 Figure B.2 – Test voltage curve (addition of base curve and filtered residual curve)... 59
156 Figure B.3 – Recorded and test voltage curves .......................................................... 60
157 Figure E.1 – Atmospheric pressure as a function of altitude ....................................... 66
158
159 Table 1 – Values of exponents, m for air density correction and w for humidity
160 correction, as a function of the parameter g ............................................................... 16
161 Table 2 – Precipitation conditions for standard procedure .......................................... 19
162 Table A.1– Discharge probabilities in up-and-down testing ........................................ 56
163
164
Table E.1 – Altitudes and air pressure of some locations ........................................... 67
Table E.2 – Initial K t and its sensitivity coefficients with respect to U 50 for the example
165
166
(standards.iteh.ai)
of the standard phase-to-earth AC test voltage of 395 kV .......................................... 67
Table E.3 – Initial and converged K values for the example of the standard phase-to-
t
167 earth AC test voltage of 395 kV ................................................................................. 72
168 https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/60fb6796-48e8-49d7-9088-
169
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –5– 42/414/CDV
170 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

171 ____________
172
173 HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –
174
175 Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
176
177
178 FOREWORD
179 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
180 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
181 co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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184 preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
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186 with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
187 Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
188 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
189 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
190 interested IEC National Committees.
191 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
192 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
193 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
194
195 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
196 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
197
198
(standards.iteh.ai)
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
199 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
200 services carried out by independent certification bodies.
201 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
202 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
203
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
204 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
205 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
206 Publications.
207 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
208 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
209 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
210 rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
211 International Standard IEC 60060-1 has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee 42: High-
212 voltage and high-current test techniques.
213 This fourth edition of IEC 60060-1 cancels and replaces the third edition, published in 2010,
214 and constitutes a technical revision.
215 The significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
216 a) The general layout and text were updated and improved to make the standard easier to use,
217 particularly the chapters for combined and composite test voltages.
218 b) The positive tolerance of the front time of lightning impulse was extended for U m > 800 kV to
219 100 % (= 2,4 µs)
220 c) For switching impulse voltage, a front time was introduced, similar to lightning impulse
221 voltage and with the new front time the standard switching impulse is defined as 170/2500
222 µs.
223 d) The requirements for precipitations were adjusted depending on U m .
224 e) Annex C “Procedure for manual calculation from graphical waveforms” was incorporated.
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –6– 42/414/CDV
225 f) No examples for software were given in Annex D “Guidance for implementing software for
226 evaluation of lightning impulse voltage parameters”
227 g) Annex about “Background to the introduction of the test voltage factor for evaluation of
228 impulses with overshoot” was deleted.
229 h) A new informative Annex F “New definition of the front time of switching impulse voltage”
230 was incorporated.
231
FDIS Report on voting

42/xx/FDIS 42/xx/RVD
232
233 Full information on the voting for the approval of this document can be found in the report on
234 voting indicated in the above table.
235 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
236 A list of all the parts in the IEC 60060 series, under the general title High-voltage and high-
237 current test techniques, can be found on the IEC website.
238 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
239 stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
240 this specific publication. At this date, the publication will be:
241 • reconfirmed;
242
243
•
•
withdrawn;
(standards.iteh.ai)
replaced by a revised edition or
244 • amended. oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
245
246
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –7– 42/414/CDV
247 HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

248
249 Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
250
251
252
253 1 Scope
254 This part of IEC 60060 is applicable to:
255 – dielectric tests with direct voltage;

256 – dielectric tests with alternating voltage;
257 – dielectric tests with impulse voltage;
258 – dielectric tests with combinations of the above.
259 This part is applicable to tests on equipment having its highest voltage for equipment U m above
260 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC.
261 NOTE 1 Alternative test procedures may be required to obtain reproducible and significant results. The choice of a
262 suitable test procedure is considered by the relevant Technical Committee.
263
NOTE 2 For voltages U m above 800 kV some specified procedures, tolerances and uncertainties may not be
achievable.
265 2 (standards.iteh.ai)
Normative references
266 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
267
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
269 IEC 60060-2, High-voltage test techniques – Part 2: Measuring systems
270 IEC 60270, High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements
271 IEC 60507, Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c. systems
272 IEC 61083-1, Instruments and software used for measurements in high-voltage and high-
273 current tests - Part 1: Requirements for instruments for impulse tests
274 IEC 61083-2, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage and high-current
275 tests - Part 2: Requirements for software for tests with impulse voltages and currents
276 IEC 61083-3, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage and high-current
277 tests - Part 3: Requirements for software for tests with impulse voltages and currents
278 IEC 62475, High-current test techniques: Definitions and requirements for test currents and
279 measuring systems
280 3 Terms and definitions
281 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –8– 42/414/CDV
282 3.1 Definitions related to characteristics of discharges
283 3.1.1
284 disruptive discharge
285 phenomenon associated with the failure of insulation under electrical stress which includes a collapse
286 of voltage and the passage of current
287 Note 1 to entry: The term applies to electric breakdown in solid, liquid and gaseous dielectrics and combination of
288 these.
289 Note 2 to entry: A disruptive discharge in a solid dielectric produces permanent loss of dielectric strength; in a liquid
290 or gaseous dielectric the loss of dielectric strength can be temporary.
291 [IEV 614-03-16, modified in Note 2 to entry]
292 3.1.2
293 sparkover
294 disruptive discharge in a gaseous or liquid insulating material
295 [IEV 212-11-48]
296 3.1.3
297 flashover
298 electric breakdown between conductors in a gas or a liquid or in vacuum, at least partly along
299 the surface of solid insulation
300 [IEV 212-11-47]
301 3.1.4
(standards.iteh.ai)
302 puncture
303 disruptive discharge occurringoSIST prEN
through a IEC
solid60060-1:2023
insulation material, producing a path of
permanent damage
305 Note 1 to entry: The term puncture is also used as a synonym for electric breakdown in solids.
306 [IEV 212-11-49]
307 3.1.5
308 disruptive discharge voltage value
309 value of the test voltage causing disruptive discharge, as specified, for the various tests, in the
310 relevant clauses of the present document
311 3.1.6
312 non-disruptive discharge
313 discharge between intermediate electrodes or conductors where the test voltage does not
314 collapse to zero
315 Note 1 to entry: Such an event is not considered as a disruptive discharge unless so specified by the relevant
316 Technical Committee.
317 Note 2 to entry: Some non-disruptive discharges are termed “partial discharges” and are dealt with in IEC 60270.
318 3.2 Definitions related to characteristics of the test voltage
319 3.2.1
320 prospective characteristics
321 characteristics which would have been obtained if no disruptive discharge had occurred and
322 when a prospective characteristic is used and this shall always be stated
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –9– 42/414/CDV
323 3.2.2
324 actual characteristics
325 those characteristics which occur during the test at the terminals of the test object
326 3.2.3
327 value of the test voltage
328 as defined in the relevant clauses of this document
329 3.2.4
330 withstand voltage
331 specified prospective voltage value which characterizes the insulation of the object with regard
332 to a withstand test
333 Note 1 to entry: Unless otherwise specified, withstand voltages are referred to standard reference atmospheric
334 conditions (see Clause 4.3.1) which applies to external insulation only.
335 3.2.5
336 assured disruptive discharge voltage
337 specified prospective voltage value which characterizes its performance with regard to a
338 disruptive discharge test
339 3.2.6
340 voltage dip
341 a sudden reduction of the voltage at a point in an electrical system followed by voltage recovery
after a short period of time from a few cycles to a few seconds
343 [IEV 161-08-10] (standards.iteh.ai)

344 3.3 Definitions related to tolerance and uncertainty
345 3.3.1 https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/60fb6796-48e8-49d7-9088-
346 tolerance b4195bd7d19f/osist-pren-iec-60060-1-2023
347 constitutes the permitted difference between the measured value and the specified value
348 Note 1 to entry: This difference has to be distinguished from the uncertainty of a measurement.
349 Note 2 to entry: A pass/fail decision is based on the measured value, without consideration of the measurement
350 uncertainty.
351 3.3.2
352 uncertainty (of measurement)
353 parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of
354 the values that could be reasonably attributed to the measurand
355 [IEV 311-01-02 with modified notes]
356 Note 1 to entry: In this document, all uncertainty values are specified at a level of confidence of 95 %.
357 Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is positive and given without sign.
358 Note 3 to entry: It is not be confused with the tolerance of a test-specified value or parameter.
359 3.4 Definitions related to statistical characteristics of disruptive discharge voltage

360 values
361 3.4.1
362 disruptive discharge probability
363 p
364 probability that an application of a certain prospective voltage value of a given shape will cause
365 disruptive discharge on the test object
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 – 10 – 42/414/CDV
366 Note 1 to entry: The parameter p is usually expressed as a percentage or a fraction.
367 3.4.2
368 withstand probability
369 q
370 probability that an application of a certain prospective voltage value of a given shape does not
371 cause a disruptive discharge on the test object
372 Note 1 to entry: If the disruptive discharge probability is p, the withstand probability q is (1 – p).
373 3.4.3
374 p % disruptive discharge voltage
375 Up
376 prospective voltage value which has p % probability of producing a disruptive discharge on the
377 test object
378 Note 1 to entry: Mathematically the p % disruptive discharge voltage is the quantile of the order p (or p quantile) of
379 the breakdown voltage.
380 Note 2 to entry: U 10 is called the “statistical withstand voltage” and U 90 is called the “statistical assured disruptive
381 discharge voltage”.
382 3.4.4
383 50 % disruptive discharge voltage
384 U 50
385
386 the test object
prospective voltage value which has a 50 % probability of producing a disruptive discharge on
387 3.4.5
(standards.iteh.ai)
388 arithmetic mean value of the disruptive discharge voltage
389 Ua oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
n
U a = 1n ∑ U i b4195bd7d19f/osist-pren-iec-60060-1-2023
390 i =1 (1)
391 where
392 Ui is the measured disruptive discharge voltage and

393 n is the number of discharges.
394 Note 1 to entry: For symmetric distributions U a is identical to U 50
395 3.4.6
396 standard deviation of the disruptive voltage
397 s
398 a measure of the dispersion of the disruptive discharge voltage estimated by
1 n
∑ (U i − U a )
2
=s
399
n − 1 i =1 (2)
400 where
401 Ui is the i th measured disruptive discharge voltage and

402 Ua is the arithmetic mean of the disruptive discharge voltages
403 n is the number of observations (discharges).
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 – 11 – 42/414/CDV
404 Note 1 to entry: It can also be evaluated by the difference between the 50 % and 16 % disruptive discharge voltages
405 (or between the 84 % and 50 % disruptive discharge voltages). It is often expressed in per unit or percentage value
406 referred to the 50 % disruptive discharge voltage.
407 Note 2 to entry: For successive disruptive discharge tests the standard deviation s is defined by the formula. For
408 multiple level and up-and-down tests, it is defined by the difference of the quantiles. The methods are equivalent
409 because, between p = 16 % and p = 84 % all distribution functions are nearly identical.
410 3.5 Definitions related to classification of insulation in test objects
411 3.5.1
412 external insulation
413 air insulation and the exposed surfaces of solid insulation of the equipment, which are subject
414 both to dielectric stresses and to the direct effects of atmospheric and other environmental
415 conditions
416 Note 1 to entry: Examples of environmental conditions are pollution and humidity.
417 3.5.2
418 internal insulation
419 internal solid, liquid or gaseous elements of the insulation of equipment protected from the
420 direct effects of external conditions such as pollution and humidity
421 3.5.3
422 self-restoring insulation
423 insulation which completely recovers its insulating properties within a short time interval after a
424
disruptive discharge
425 [IEV 614-03-04]

(standards.iteh.ai)
426 3.5.4
427 non-self-restoring insulation oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
428 insulation https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/60fb6796-48e8-49d7-9088-
which loses its insulating properties, or does not recover them completely, after a
429 disruptive discharge b4195bd7d19f/osist-pren-iec-60060-1-2023
430 [IEV 614-03-05]
431 Note 1 to entry: In test objects, parts of both self-restoring and non-self-restoring insulation are always operating in
432 combination and some parts may be degraded by repeated or continued voltage applications. The behaviour of the
433 insulation in this respect should is taken into account by the relevant Technical Committee when specifying the test
434 procedures to be applied.
435 4 General requirements
436 4.1 General requirements for test procedures
437 The test procedures applicable to particular types of test objects, for example, the test voltage,
438 the polarity to be used, the preferred order if both polarities are to be used, the number of
439 applications and the interval between applications shall be specified by the relevant Technical
440 Committee, having regard to such factors as:
441 – the required measurement uncertainty;

442 – the random nature of the observed phenomena;
443 – any polarity dependence of the measured characteristics;
444 – the possibility of progressive deterioration with repeated voltage applications.
445 At the time of a test, the test object shall be complete in all essential details, and it should have
446 been processed in the normal manner for similar test objects.
IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 – 12 – 42/414/CDV
447 At the time of a test, the test object should have become acclimatised as much as practicable
448 to the ambient atmospheric conditions of the test area. The period allocated to reach equilibrium
449 should be recorded.
450 4.2 Arrangement of the test object in dry tests
451 The disruptive discharge characteristics of a test object with external insulation may be affected
452 by its general arrangement (for example, proximity effects such as distance in air from other
453 live or earthed structures, height above ground level and the arrangement of its high-voltage
454 lead). The general arrangement should be specified by the relevant Technical Committee.
455 NOTE 1 A clearance to extraneous structures not less than 1,5 times the length of the shortest possible discharge
456 path on the test object usually makes such proximity effects negligible. In wet or pollution tests, or wherever the
457 voltage distribution along the test object and the electric field around its energized electrode are sufficiently
458 independent of external influences, smaller clearances may be acceptable, provided that discharges do not occur to
459 extraneous structures.
460 NOTE 2 In the case of AC or positive switching impulse voltage tests above 750 kV (peak) the influence of an
461 extraneous structure may be considered as negligible if its distance from the energized electrode is also not less
462 than the height of this electrode above the ground plane. A guide for recommended minimum clearance is given in
463 Figure 1, as a function of the highest test voltage. Significant shorter clearances may be suitable in individual cases.
464 However, an experimental adaptation or an electric field calculation, taking into account voltage dependent maximum
465 field strength as described in the literature, is recommended.
16
15

14
13
12
(standards.iteh.ai)
11
D (m)
10
9
8
7
6
5 b4195bd7d19f/osist-pren-iec-60060-1-2023
4
3
750 1 000 1 250 1 500 1 750 2 000
U peak (kV) IEC 2204/10
466
467 Figure 1 – Recommended minimum clearance D of extraneous live or earthed objects to
468 the energized electrode of a test object, during an AC or positive switching impulse test
469 at the maximum voltage U applied during test
470 If not otherwise specified by the relevant Technical Committee, the test should be made at
471 ambient atmospheric conditions in the test area without extraneous precipitation or pollution.
472 The procedure for voltage application shall be as specified in the relevant clauses of this
473 document.
474 4.3 Atmospheric corrections in dry tests
475 4.3.1 Standard reference atmosphere
476 The standard reference atmosphere is:
477 – temperature t 0 = 20 °C;

478 – absolute pressure p 0 = 1 013 hPa (1 013 mbar);
479 – absolute humidity h 0 = 11 g/m 3 .
480 NOTE 1 An absolute pressure of 1 013 hPa corresponds to the height of 760 mm of the mercury column in a mercury
481 barometer at 0 °C. If the barometer height is H mm of mercury, the atmospheric pressure in hectopascal is
482 approximately

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD

oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023

Visokonapetostne preskusne tehnike - 1. del: Splošne definicije in preskusne

High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023

oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023 en

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

IEC 60060-1 ED4

IEC TC 42 : H IGH - VOLTAGE AND HIGH - CURRENT TEST TECHNIQUES

Canada Mr Howard G. Sedding

TC 14,TC 17,SC 17A,SC 17C,SC 18A,TC 23,TC

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements

PROPOSED STABILITY DATE : 2027

N OTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS :

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –1– 42/414/CDV

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –2– 42/414/CDV

49 7.2 Test voltage ............................................................................................... 34

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –3– 42/414/CDV

97 B.2 Basis of the procedures ............................................................................. 58

121 Figure 1 – Recommended minimum oSIST prEN IEC

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –4– 42/414/CDV

145 Figure 17 – Examples of time delay ∆t ....................................................................... 43

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –5– 42/414/CDV

170 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –6– 42/414/CDV

FDIS Report on voting

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –7– 42/414/CDV

247 HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

254 This part of IEC 60060 is applicable to:

255 – dielectric tests with direct voltage;

270 IEC 60270, High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements

280 3 Terms and definitions

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –8– 42/414/CDV

282 3.1 Definitions related to characteristics of discharges

291 [IEV 614-03-16, modified in Note 2 to entry]

295 [IEV 212-11-48]

306 [IEV 212-11-49]

318 3.2 Definitions related to characteristics of the test voltage

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 –9– 42/414/CDV

343 [IEV 161-08-10] (standards.iteh.ai)

355 [IEV 311-01-02 with modified notes]

357 Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is positive and given without sign.

359 3.4 Definitions related to statistical characteristics of disruptive discharge voltage

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 – 10 – 42/414/CDV

366 Note 1 to entry: The parameter p is usually expressed as a percentage or a fraction.

392 Ui is the measured disruptive discharge voltage and

401 Ui is the i th measured disruptive discharge voltage and

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 – 11 – 42/414/CDV

410 3.5 Definitions related to classification of insulation in test objects

425 [IEV 614-03-04]

435 4 General requirements

436 4.1 General requirements for test procedures

441 – the required measurement uncertainty;

IEC CDV 60060-1/Ed4  IEC: 2023 – 12 – 42/414/CDV

450 4.2 Arrangement of the test object in dry tests

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

474 4.3 Atmospheric corrections in dry tests