Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 11 views

    MM 2021I Class 2 - Vectors

    Uploaded by

    JOHAN ANDRES LENIS MONTILLA
    This document discusses vectors and vector operations. It defines scalars as having magnitude alone, while vectors have both magnitude and direction. It covers vector addition using the parallelogram law and triangular construction. Trigonometric functions are used to relate the sides and angles of vectors, including the law of cosines and law of sines. Examples show using these laws to calculate vector magnitudes and directions, including the tensions in ropes attached at different angles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    MM 2021I Class 2 - Vectors

    Uploaded by

    JOHAN ANDRES LENIS MONTILLA
    11 views14 pages
    This document discusses vectors and vector operations. It defines scalars as having magnitude alone, while vectors have both magnitude and direction. It covers vector addition using the parallelogram law and triangular construction. Trigonometric functions are used to relate the sides and angles of vectors, including the law of cosines and law of sines. Examples show using these laws to calculate vector magnitudes and directions, including the tensions in ropes attached at different angles.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses vectors and vector operations. It defines scalars as having magnitude alone, while vectors have both magnitude and direction. It covers vector addition using the parallelogram law and triangular construction. Trigonometric functions are used to relate the sides and angles of vectors, including the law of cosines and law of sines. Examples show using these laws to calculate vector magnitudes and directions, including the tensions in ropes attached at different angles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views14 pages

    MM 2021I Class 2 - Vectors

    Uploaded by

    JOHAN ANDRES LENIS MONTILLA
    This document discusses vectors and vector operations. It defines scalars as having magnitude alone, while vectors have both magnitude and direction. It covers vector addition using the parallelogram law and triangular construction. Trigonometric functions are used to relate the sides and angles of vectors, including the law of cosines and law of sines. Examples show using these laws to calculate vector magnitudes and directions, including the tensions in ropes attached at different angles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 14

    Vectors and

    Vectors operations
    Ing. Alberto Enrique Loaiza García, M.Sc.
    alberto.loaiza@correounivalle.edu.co
    Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Ingeniería
    Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021I
    Vectors
    Definitions

     Scalar → magnitude (or numerical value) alone.


     Vector → magnitude and a direction.

    Vector → 𝔸𝔸 = 𝐴𝐴⃗
    Vector magnitude → 𝐴𝐴⃗

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 2


    Vectors
    Scalar operation
    be 𝛼𝛼 (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) scalar and 𝐴𝐴 vector

    Positive and negative vector

     𝛼𝛼 � 𝐴𝐴 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼
     −𝛼𝛼 � 𝐴𝐴 = −𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼
     −𝛼𝛼 � (−𝐴𝐴) = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼

    multiplication and division


    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 3
    Vectors
    Sum
     be 𝑃𝑃 and Q vectors

    Parallelogram
    law

    Conmutative
    Triangular
    𝑅𝑅 = 𝑃𝑃 + 𝑄𝑄 = 𝑄𝑄 + 𝑃𝑃
    construction

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 4


    Vectors
    Trigonometric
     Pythagoras theorem

    ℎ2 = 𝐴𝐴2 + 𝐵𝐵 2 ⟹ ℎ = 𝐴𝐴2 + 𝐵𝐵 2

     Trigonometric functions

    𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴
    sin 𝑎𝑎 = , cos 𝑎𝑎 = , tan 𝑎𝑎 =
    ℎ ℎ 𝐵𝐵

    𝐵𝐵 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵
    sin 𝑏𝑏 = , cos 𝑏𝑏 = , tan 𝑎𝑎 =
    ℎ ℎ 𝐴𝐴

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 5


    Vectors
    Trigonometric

     Law of cosine → Magnitude

    𝐴𝐴 = 𝐵𝐵 2 + 𝐶𝐶 2 − 2𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 cos 𝑎𝑎

    𝐵𝐵 = 𝐴𝐴2 + 𝐶𝐶 2 − 2𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 cos 𝑏𝑏

    𝐶𝐶 = 𝐴𝐴2 + 𝐵𝐵 2 − 2𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 cos 𝑐𝑐

     Law of sines → Direction

    𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 � ∠𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 180°
    = =
    sin 𝑎𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑏 sin 𝑐𝑐

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 6


    Vectors problems
    Example 1
    Determine the magnitude of the resulting vector.

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 7


    𝐴𝐴 = 𝐵𝐵 2 + 𝐶𝐶 2 − 2𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 cos 𝑎𝑎
    𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶
    = =
    sin 𝑎𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑏 sin 𝑐𝑐

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 8


    Vectors problems
    Example 1
    Using the law of cosines, we obtain,
    where 𝑐𝑐 = 115°:

    𝐶𝐶 = 𝐴𝐴2 + 𝐵𝐵 2 − 2𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 cos 𝑐𝑐

    ⟹ 𝐶𝐶 = 32 + 52 − 2 � 3 � 5 cos 115°

    ⟹ 𝐶𝐶 = 9 + 25 − 30 cos 115°

    ⟹ 𝑪𝑪 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 9


    Vectors problems
    Example 2
    Determine the magnitude and direction of the resulting vector.

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 10


    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 11
    Vectors problems
    Example 2
    Using the law of cosines & sines, we obtain:

    𝐶𝐶 = 𝐴𝐴2 + 𝐵𝐵 2 − 2𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 cos 𝑐𝑐


    ⟹ 𝐶𝐶 = 1002 + 702 − 2 � 100 � 70 cos 120°
    ⟹ 𝐶𝐶 = 10000 + 4900 − 14000 cos 120°
    ⟹ 𝑪𝑪 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝑵𝑵

    100 149.99
    =
    sin 𝑎𝑎 sin 120

    100 ∗ sin 120


    ⟹ sin 𝑎𝑎 = ⟹ sin 𝑎𝑎 = 0.58
    149.99

    ⟹ 𝑎𝑎 = sin−1 0.58 ⟹ 𝒂𝒂 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 12


    Vectors problems
    Example 3
    a) Tension in the ropes
    Using the law of cosines & sines, we obtain:

    𝑇𝑇1 𝑇𝑇2 5000 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙


    = =
    sin 45° sin 30 sin 105°

    5000 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � sin 45°


    ⟹ 𝑇𝑇1 = = 3660 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
    sin 105°
    5000 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � sin 30°
    𝑇𝑇2 = = 2590 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
    sin 105°

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 13


    Vectors problems
    Example 3
    b) Minimum tension in rope 2
    The minimum value of Rope 2 occurs when
    T1 and T2 are perpendicular

    𝑇𝑇1 = (5000 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙) sin 30° = 2500 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

    𝑇𝑇2 = 5000 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 cos 30° = 4330 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

    𝛼𝛼 = 90° − 30° = 60°

    Mechanics of materials 2021I - Slides I: Introducction 2/06/2021 14

    You might also like