Aspect Physics

ASPECT PHYSICS cÖ_g cÎ  Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ 367
Aa¨vq Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡
cÖ_g cÎ
10 THE IDEAL GAS & KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
SURVEY TABLE  Kx coe?  †Kb coe?  †Kv_v n‡Z coe?  KZUzKz coe? 
VVI For
MAKING DECISION [†h Kvi‡Y co‡e]
TOPICS MAGNETIC DECISION [hv co‡e] This Year
DU JU RU CU GST Engr. HSC Written MCQ
CONCEPT-01 Av`k© M¨vm Ges M¨v‡mi m~Îvejx 20% 30% 20% 30% 20% 10% 30% - 
CONCEPT-02 M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i †gŠwjK ¯^xKvh©mg~n 15% 35% 30% 20% 10% 05% 30% - 
THEORY
CONCEPT-03 Av`k© M¨v‡mi MZxq mgxKiYmg~n 25% 40% 30% 20% 25% 15% 25% - 
CONCEPT-04 AvYweK †e‡Mi eÈb Ges Mo gy³ c‡_i Z_¨vejx 10% 45% 40% 30% 10% 10% 25% - 
CONCEPT-05 ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vejx 35% 35% 30% 20% 30% 15% 30% - 
CONCEPT-06 m¤ú„³ Ges Am¤ú„³ ev‡®úi Z_¨vejx 20% 25% 20% 20% 10% 20% 40% - 
CONCEPT-07 Av`ª©Zv Ges wkwkivsK msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx 25% 30% 30% 35% 30% 15% 30% - 
e‡qj, Pvj©m I Pvcxq m~Î / Pvc, AvqZb I ZvcgvÎv msµvšÍ
CONCEPT-01 60% 65% 70% 70% 75% 60% 70% - 
MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
n«‡ì ev cyKz‡ii MfxiZv wbY©q msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM  
MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
CONCEPT-02 70% 75% 75% 75% 80% 45% 80%

CONCEPT-03 Av`k© M¨vm msµvšÍ 55% 50% 60% 65% 70% 80% 75%  
CONCEPT-04 ZvcgvÎv I g~j MoeM© †eM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
80% 75% 80% 75% 80% 60% 80%  
CONCEPT-05 M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM 60% 55% 60% 65% 60% 50% 60%  
CONCEPT-06 Mogy³ c_ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM 65% 60% 65% 60% 65% 45% 50%  
CONCEPT-07 Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv I wkwkiv¼ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
60% 50% 45% 50% 60% 40% 70%  
DU. = Dhaka University, JU. = Jahangirnagar University, RU. = Rajshahi University,
CU = Chittagong University, GST = General, Science & Technology, Engr. = Engineering.
STEP 1 mvRv‡bv me Z_¨ THEORY fwZ© †ivMxi c_¨

Concept 1 Av`k© M¨vm Ges M¨v‡mi m~Îvejx
✅ Av`k© M¨vm: †h mKj M¨vm M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i †gŠwjK ¯^xKvh© mg~n †g‡b P‡j Ges mKj ZvcgvÎvq I Pv‡c e‡q‡ji I Pvj©‡mi m~Î hyM¥fv‡e †g‡b P‡j Zv‡K
Av`k© M¨vm e‡j|
ev¯Í‡e Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY †Kvb M¨vmB mwVKfv‡e †g‡b P‡j bv| Av`k© M¨vm GKwU KvíwbK aviYv gvÎ| Z‡e D”P ZvcgvÎv I wbgœ Pv‡c ev¯Íe M¨vm mg~n
Av`k© M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i|
✅ Av`k© M¨v‡mi •ewkó¨m~PK gvb`Û:
 Av`k© M¨vm mKj ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c PV = nRT mgxKiY †g‡b P‡j|
w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq Av`k© M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ Gi AvqZ‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj bq| A_©vr, dVT = 0, U M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ V = M¨v‡mi AvqZb
dU

T = ZvcgvÎv
 Av`k© M¨v‡mi AYymg~‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y †bB|
 Av`k© M¨v‡mi AYymg~‡ni †gvU AvqZb M¨vm Øviv `LjK…Z AvqZ‡bi Zzjbvq bMb¨|
✅ M¨v‡mi Pjivwk: M¨v‡mi AvqZb, ZvcgvÎv I Pvc GB wZbwU‡K Pjivwk e‡j|
✅ M¨vm: mvaviY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †h mKj c`v_© evqexq Ae¯’vq _v‡K Zv‡ì‡K M¨vm e‡j|
†hgb- H2, O2 Ges N2 BZ¨vw`|
✅ eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ aviYv Abymv‡i msKU ZvcgvÎvi Dc‡i ‡Kvb c`v‡_©i evqexq Ae¯’v‡K M¨vm e‡j|
✅ M¨vmxq m~Î: M¨v‡mi 3 wU m~Î i‡q‡Q- 1. e‡q‡ji m~Î, 2. Pvj©‡mi m~Î, 3. †i‡bvi/ †M jy¨mv‡Ki Pvcxq m~Î
m~Î Avwe®‹vi I mvj w¯’i ivwk m¤úK© †jLwPÎ
1 mgcive„Ë/ AvB‡mv_vg©/
e‡q‡ji m~Î 1662 wLª: Bs‡iR weÁvbx ievU© e‡qj ZvcgvÎv, fi V
P AvqZvKvi cive„Ë m‡gvò ‡iLv
V AvB‡mvevi/
Pvj©‡mi m~Î 1787 wLª: divmx weÁvbx Pvj©m Pvc, fi V  V0  0 , V  T g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLv mgPvcxq †iLv
273
Pvcxq m~Î/ P AvB‡mv‡Kvi/
†i‡bvi m~Î
1842 wLª: divmx weÁvbx †i‡bv AvqZb, fi P  P0  0 , P  T g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLv
mgAvqZb †iLv
273
 ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES  ASPECT SERIES 
ASPECT SERIES 
c„ôv 367
368 An Exclusive Parallel Text Book of Physics ASPECT PHYSICS
 A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi m~Î  GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mgvb AvqZ‡bi mKj M¨v‡m mgvb msL¨K Aby _v‡K|
 M¨vm I ev‡®úi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ GB †h, M¨vm‡K GKwU wbw`ó ZvcgvÎvq bx‡P †i‡L Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq wKš‘ ev®ú‡K Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jB Zi‡j cwibZ Kiv hvq|
 †Kvb c`v_© Gi µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v AwaK ZvcgvÎvq _vK‡j Zv‡K ejv nq  M¨vm
 cig k~Y¨ ZvcgvÎv 0 k ev -2730C (ev -459.4F)
✅ e‡q‡ji m~Î g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj- †Kvb wKQz e‡qj (Boil) Ki‡Z Zvc w`‡Z nq myZivs e‡q‡ji m~‡Î ZvcgvÎv w¯’i|
1
◈ e‡q‡ji m~Î: ÒZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡j †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi AvqZb Zvi Pv‡ci e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZKÓ| A_©vr, V  P| 1662 wLª÷v‡ã weÁvbx ievU© e‡qj
GB m~Î Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi AvqZb (V) I Pvc (P) Gi †jLwPÎ AvqZvKvi cive„Ë|
Y Y Y
Y Y
1
V P PV
1
V
P PV
X O X O X
X P X 1
O P O V V P
V
✅ Pvj©‡mi m~Î g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj- Pvj©‡mi m~Î
Y
Pvj©m V (m3)

Pvc w¯’i
O T (K) X
✅ Nb‡Z¡i mv‡_ ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡ci m¤úK©
  
1
T T
P
✅ cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi-
 AvqZb k~b¨  Pvc k~b¨ nq  MwZkw³ k~b¨ nq
✅ cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvi bx‡P M¨v‡mi AvqZb FYvZ¥K nq weavq ZvwË¡Kfv‡e gnvwe‡k¦ †Kvb wKQziB ZvcgvÎv -2730C Gi †P‡q Kg n‡Z cv‡i bv ev Gi bx‡P
ZvcgvÎv _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|
✅ M¨vm m~‡Îi mgš^q: Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY:
PV
 e‡q‡ji I Pvj©‡mi m~‡Îi mgš^q mgxKiY: T = K ; K = aªæeK
 GK MÖvg AYy ev GK †gvj M¨v‡mi mgxKiY: PV = RT; R = mve©Rbxb M¨vm aªæeK
m
✅ n †gvj M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î mgxKiY: PV = nRT = RT; n = †gvj msL¨v = MÖv‡g cÖKvwkZ fi (m)/ MÖvg AvYweK fi (M). G‡K Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY ejv nq|
M
✅ Av`k© M¨v‡mi aªæeK mg~n:
1. cÖgvY ev ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv 0C ev 273.16K
 mgy`ª c„‡ô 45 Aÿvs‡k 0C ev 273.16K ZvcgvÎvq Djø¤^fv‡e Aew¯’Z 760mm D”PZv
wewkó ï®‹ ev weï× cvi` ¯Í¤¢ †h Pvc †`q Zv‡K cÖgvY ev ¯^vfvweK Pvc e‡j|
2. cÖgvY ev ¯^vfvweK Pvc
 cÖgvY Pvc = 760mm cvi` ¯Í¤¢|
* 76cm Hg * 0.76m Hg * 1.013  105 Nm–2 * 1.013  105 Pa
3. cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c GK †gvj M¨v‡mi AvqZb  22.4 Litre ev, 22.4  10–3m3
4. STP †Z evqyi NbZ¡ 1.293kgm–3
5. me©Rbxb M¨vm aªæeK, R 8.314Jmol–1K–1 A_ev 0.0821 L atm mol–1k–1
R
6. AbycÖwZ M¨vm aªæeK, K  K=
NA
✅ m‡gvò cwieZ©b e‡q‡ji m~Î †g‡b P‡j|
REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

STEP 01 08. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc P I AvqZb V Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wK?
ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION
[CU. 11-12]
01. GKK Pv‡c †Kvb M¨v‡mi GK †gv‡ji AvqZb I M¨vmwUi cig ZvcgvÎvi P
2
AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU wb‡`©k K‡i? [RU. Moderna, Set-2. 20-21] A. PV = w¯’i B. PV = w¯’i C. = w¯’i
V
A. AvYweK fi B. mve©Rbxb M¨vm aªæeK P V
C. M¨vm aªæeK D. †KvbwUB bq D. 2 = w¯’i E. = w¯’i Ans B
V P
S B info Av`k© M¨v‡mi m~Îvbyhvqx, PV = nRT  1.V = 1.RT
V STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION
 = R [GKK Pv‡ci ìæb P = 1 Ges GKK †gv‡ji Rb¨ n = 1]
T PART A Analysis of General University Question
02. cig †¯‹‡j Pv‡ci m~Î n‡jv- [RU. 16-17; Xv.‡ev 2021]
KU
1
A. P  T B. P  T2 C. P  D. P  T 01. wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb D‡jøL Ki‡Z wK cÖ‡qvRb? [KU. 15-16]
T
1 A. Pvc B. ZvcgvÎv C. Pvc I ZvcgvÎv D. cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv Ans C
e‡q‡ji m~Î: P  ; Pvj©‡mi m~Î: V  T; Pvcxq m~Î: P  T 02. Ôwbw`©ó Pv‡c wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb Zvi cig ZvcgvÎvi
v
03. A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi msL¨v-Gi gvb KZ? [RU. 15-16] mgvbycvwZKÕ| GwU......... bv‡g cwiwPZ| [KU. 09-10]
A. 6.02  1022 B. 6.02  1023 A. †i‡bvi m~Î B. e‡q‡ji m~Î
C. 6.02  1029 D. 6.02  1025 Ans B C.cig ZvcgvÎvi m~Î D. Pvj©‡mi m~Î Ans D
04. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU wMÖb nvDm M¨vm bq? [RU. 15-16] 03. GKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mgvb AvqZ‡bi mKj M¨v‡m mgvb msL¨K AYy
A. CO2 B. H2O C. NO2 D. N2O Ans B _v‡K| GwU nj- [KU. 05-06, 11-12]
05. mKj M¨v‡mi Rb¨ AvqZb cÖmviY mn‡Mi gvb- [RU. 13-14] A. Pvj‡m©i m~Î B. i‡q‡ji m~Î
1  1  1  1  C. ‡i‡bvi m~Î D. A¨v‡fvM¨v‡Wªvi m~Î Ans D
A. / C B. / C C. / C D. / C Ans B
272 273 275 271
06. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb e„w× †c‡j- [RU. 13-14] CoU
A. Pvc ev‡o B. Pvc K‡g C. AYyi MwZkw³ K‡g D. †KvbwUB bq Ans B 01 . mve© Rbxb M¨vm aª æeK- R = [CoU. 11-12; BSMRSTU. 11-12; kvgmyi m¨vi]
07. M¨v‡mi AvqZb †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq k~b¨ nq? [RU. 11-12] PV PV PT Pn
A. B. 2 C. D.
A.273 K B. 0C C. 32F D. 0K Ans D nT nT nv Tv
08. Av`k© M¨v‡mi m¤úªmviY †iLv (V ebvg T, ˚C †jLwPÎ) KZ wWwMÖ PV
PV = nRT R =
†mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvq ZvcgvÎv A¶‡K †Q` K‡i? [RU. 11-12] nT
A. 0˚C B. –273˚C C. 273 K D. 25˚C Ans B IU
09. ZvcgvÎv n«vm †c‡j †Kvb ¯’v‡bi Rjxq ev®ú aviY ¶gZv- [RU. 09-10] 01. †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ k~b¨ nq? [IU. 16-17, CoU. 16-17]
A. GKB _v‡K B. e„w× cvq C. n«vm cvq D. AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Ans C [kvgmyi m¨vi]
A.273C B.273C C. 0C D.303C
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb ZvwË¡Kfv‡e k~b¨ n‡q
01. cig k~b¨ (absolute zero) ZvcgvÎv KZ? [CU. 15-16] hvq| cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi †Kvb MwZkw³ _v‡K bv A_©vr AYy¸‡jv
A. 0C B. 0F C. 0R D. 0 K E. –273F Ans D w¯’i _v‡K| †Kvb M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ ïay ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
02. cvwbi wngv¼ KZ? [CU. 15-16] 02. Zvc MwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~‡Îi †¶‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨ bq? [IU. 15-16]
A. 0°F B. 32°F C. 80°F D. 100°F E. 212°F Ans B A. GwU Zvc I Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i
PV B. wbw`©ó cwigvY KvR †c‡Z n‡j wbw`©ó cwigvY Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb
03. = aªæeK, GB m~ÎwU mZ¨ hLb- [CU. 13-14]
T C. ‡Kvb wKQz e¨q bv K‡i KvR ev kw³ cvIqv m¤¢e
A. ïay m‡gvò cwieZ©b nq B. ïay iæ×Zvc cwieZ©b nq
C. m‡gvò I iæ×Zvc DfqwU cwieZ©b nq D. KvR I Zvc G‡K Ac‡ii mgZzj¨ Ans C
D. me¸wj E. †KvbwU bq| Ans C 03. †Kvb Av`k© M¨v‡mi w¯’wZkw³- [IU. 11-12]
04. 1 K¨vjwi Zvc‡K m¤ú~Y© Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡j KZ Ryj KvR m¤úbœœ n‡e? A . k~ ‡ bï †P‡q †ekx B . k~ b ¨
[CU. 12-13] C. k~‡bï †P‡q Kg D. †KvbwUB bq Ans B
A. 1 J B. 2.4 J C. 4.2 J D. 4.8 J E. 9.6 J 04. cvwbi •Îa we›`y‡Z Pvc- [IU. 06-07]
1 cal = 4.2J A. 3.58 mm HgP B. 5.58mm HgP
05. GKRb Wyeyix n«‡ì Zj‡`‡k KvR Kivi mgq 2cm3 AvqZ‡bi eyèy` C. 4.58 mm HgP D. ‡KvbwUB bq Ans C
Dc‡ii w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| cvwbi DcwiZ‡j ey`ye‡ì AvqZb 4cm3 nq;
wKš‘ ZvcgvÎv AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| GwU †Kvb m~Î †g‡b P‡j? [CU. 11-12] BRUR
A. Pvj©‡mi m~Î B. e‡q‡ji m~Î 01. hw` Pvc e„ w× cvq, Zvn‡j ùz U bvsK ---- [BRU. 13-14]
C. wbDU‡bi m~Î D. †KvbwUB bq Ans B A. decreased B. increased
06. Pv‡ci GKK †Kvb&wU? [CU. 11-12]
C. remained constant D. none of them Ans B
A. wbDUb B. Ryj C. IqvU D. c¨vm‡Kj E. †fvë Ans D PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
07. Ò†Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡j Dnvi AvqZb Pv‡ci SUST
e¨¯Ívbycv‡Z cwiewZ©Z nqÓ- m~ÎwU Kvi? [CU. 11-12] 01. cvwbi •Îa we›`yiPvc (mm Hg) I ZvcgvÎv (K) h_vµ‡g: [SUST. 18-19]
A. Pvj©‡mi B. e‡q‡ji C. MvD‡mi A. 4.58, 273.16 B. 4.58, 273.15 C. 5.58, 0
D. c¨vm‡K‡ji E. AvwK©wgwW‡mi Ans B D. 4.58, 273.0 E. 5.58, 273.16 Ans A
BSMRSTU AFMC
01. wb‡Pi †Kvb kZ© mv‡c‡¶ ev¯Íe M¨vm mg~n Av`k© M¨v‡mi gZ AvPiY K‡i? 01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cig ïb¨ ZvcgvÎv?
[BSMRSTU. 14-15] [AFMC. 2020-21; P. †ev. 2019, 16; w`.‡ev. 2016; wm.‡ev. 2015]
A. Zvc I Pv‡ci mKj Ae¯’vq B. Lye D”P Pv‡c A. 33C B. –273C C. 40C D. 0C
C. hLb M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv Nbxfe‡bi wbK‡U _v‡K †h ZvcgvÎvq w¯’i Pv‡c †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi AvqZb
D. Kg Nb‡Z¡ hLb M¨v‡mi KYv¸‡jv Zzjbvg~jK `~i‡Z¡ _v‡K Ans D
k~b¨ nq Ges MwZkw³ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †jvc cvq Zv‡K cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎv e‡j|
02. ‡Kvb k‡Z© ev¯Íe M¨vm mg~n Av`k© AvPiY K‡i? 0 K ev –273C †K cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎv aiv nq|
[BSMRSTU. 14-15, MBSTU. 19-20;Kz.†ev. 2016, e.†ev. 2015, w`.†ev. 2021]
A. wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq I D”P Pv‡c B. wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq I wbgœ Pv‡c STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
C. D”P ZvcgvÎvq I D”P Pv‡c D. wbgœ Pv‡c I D”P ZvcgvÎvq Ans D
01. STP †Z mKj M¨v‡mi †gvjvi AvqZbÑ [Xv.‡ev 2021]
DU Technology A. 22.4L B. 22.9L C. 28.4L D. 22.8L Ans A
01. GKwU Av`k© M¨vm hLb cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq †cuŠQvq ZLb M¨vmwUÑ 02. g~ jMo eM© ‡ eM C Ges Pvc P Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡jvÑ [Xv.†ev. 2019]
[DU-Tech. 2020-21] 3P 3P P n
A. mvaviY Zi‡j Nbxf‚Z nq B. AwZ Zi‡j Nbxf‚Z nq A. C =
n
B. C =
P
C. C =
3n
D. C =
3P
Ans B
C. me©vwaK AvYweK wefekw³ jvf K‡i 03. wb‡¤œi wP‡Î P-V wZbwU †jLwPÎ †`qv nj [Xv. †ev. 2016]
D. †Kv‡bv Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i bv
S D info 273C ev 0 K ev –159.4F ZvcgvÎv‡K cig k~b¨
ZvcgvÎv e‡j| GB ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi AvqZb, Pvc I MwZkw³ k~b¨ n‡q
hvq e‡j M¨vmwU †Kv‡bv Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i bv|
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION
MAT
01. 100 wWwMÖ †mjwmqv‡m cvwb ev‡®úi Pvc nqÑ [MAT. 2020-21] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A. 55 mm Hg B. 760 mm Hg C. 1489 mm Hg D. 355 mm Hg A. ii I iii B. i I iii
100C G cvwbi ev‡®úi Pvc 760.00 mmHg C. i I ii D. i, ii I iii Ans C
04. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi Rb¨ †Kvb †jLwPÎwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
02. wbw`©ó IR‡bi GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ¶gZv †Kvb •ewk‡óï Dci wbf©i K‡i? [iv.‡ev. 2019; Xv.‡ev. 2017; P.‡ev. 2016]
[MAT. 18-19, 14-15]
PV PV
A. NbZ¡ B. AvqZb C. Pvc D. ZvcgvÎv Ans D
A.  B. 
03. †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ k~b¨ n‡e? [MAT. 17-18]
V V
A.330C B. 273C C. –273C D. 0 C Ans C P P
04. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi AvqZb I Pvc v–p †jL wPÎ †Kvb
C.  D.  Ans B
ai‡bi? [MAT. 16-17]
V V
A. AvqZvKvi Awae„Ë (Rectangular Hyperbola)
05. ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡j AvqZb (V) I Pvc (P) Gi m¤úK© wb‡Pi †Kvb
B. mij •iwLK (Streaight line)
†jLwPÎ cÖgvY K‡i? [iv.‡ev. 2019; h.‡ev. 2019; w`.‡ev. 2016]
C. e„ËvKvi (Circular) D. cive„Ë (Parabola) Ans A
Y
05. mveR©bxb M¨vm aªæeK R Gi gvb KZ? [MAT. 05-06; MBSTU. 15-16; CoU.
12-13; RUET. 12-13;15-16;] Y V
A.8.13Jk-1mol-1 B. 8.83Jk-1mol-1 V X

C. 8.34Jk-1mol-1 D. 8.31Jk-1mol-1 Ans D A.  B. 1
06. Av`k© M¨vm I ev¯Íe M¨vm msµvšÍ bx‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨wU fyj? [MAT. 08-09] P X P
A. N2,O2 Av`k© M¨vm B. H2, CO2 ev¯Íe M¨vm Y
C. PV=nRT mgxKiYwU Av`k© M¨vm cy‡ivcywi AbymiY K‡i PV
D. PV=nRT mgxKiYwU ev¯Íe M¨v‡m cy‡ivcywi AbymiY K‡i bv Ans A C.  D. me¸‡jv mwVK Ans D
07. Pvc, Zvc I AvqZb msµvšÍ †Kvb m~ÎwU mwVK bq? [MAT. 08-09, D: 08-09] P X
   
A. V = V0 1 + B. P = Po 1 + 06. C.G.S GK‡K †evjRg¨vb aªæe‡Ki gvb S.I GK‡Ki gvb A‡cÿv KZ ¸b
 273  273 †ewk? [iv.‡ev. 2019]
M Ans C -7 7
C. PV = RT D. PV = nRT A. 10 B. 10
m -5
08. PV=k GB mgxKiYwU mvaviY fv‡e †Kvb m~‡Îi cÖKvk [MAT. 02-03] C. 10 D. 105 Ans B
A. Pvj©‡mi m~Î B. e‡q‡ji m~Î 07. wb‡Pi †Kvb †jLwPÎwU Ôe‡qjÕ -Gi m~ ‡ Îi Rb¨ cÖ ‡ hvR¨? [iv.‡ev. 2019]
C. Pv‡ci m~Î D. Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY Ans B
09. ‡Kvb Dw³wU mwVK bq? [MAT. 00-01]
A. ùzUbvs‡K Zi‡ji m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvc Zij c„‡ôi Dci¯’ Pv‡ci †P‡q AwaK| A. B.
B. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq wewfbœ M¨v‡mi wgkª‡b †h Pvc cÖv‡qvM K‡i Zv H
wgkª‡bi g‡a¨ M¨vm¸‡jvi Pv‡ci mgwói mgvb|
C. m¤ú„³ ev®ú e‡q‡ji m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv| C. D. Ans B
D. ZvcgvÎv n«v‡mi mv‡_ mv‡_ Am¤ú„³ ev‡®úi Pvc n«vm cvq Ans D
08. Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î MwZkw³ (E) ebvg ZvcgvÎv (T) Gi †jLwPÎ †KvbwU? 14. GKK AvqZ‡bi AYy¸‡jvi MwZkw³ E Ges M¨v‡mi Pv‡ci m¤úK©
[P. †ev. 2017] ¯’vcbKvix mgxKiY †KvbwU? [h. †ev. 2016]
3 2
A. E = P B. E = P
2 3
A. B. 1 3 1 2
C. E =  P D. E =  P Ans A
2 2 2 3
15. Av`k© M¨v‡mi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [Kz. †ev. 2017]
C. D. Ans B
A. B. C. D.
09. w¯’i AvqZ‡b 0C ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi Pvc wØ¸Y Ki‡j Gi P‚ovšÍ
ZvcgvÎv n‡e- [w`.‡ev 2021]
Ans D
A. 27C B. 273C C. 300C D. 546C Ans B
1
10. M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î ZvcMZxq Pjivwk Kx Kx? 16. PV = mNC2 mgxKi‡Y C 
[w`.‡ev 2021] [Kz. †ev. 2017]
3
A. AvqZb, fi I NbZ¡ B. AvqZb, ZvcgvÎv I NbZ¡ A. Mo †eM B. Mo eM© †eM
C. AvqZb, fi I ZvcgvÎv D. AvqZb, ZvcgvÎv I Pvc Ans D
C. g~j Mo eM©‡eM D. Av‡jvi †eM
11. Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î Pvc, AvqZb I ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡”Q- [w`.‡ev. 2016]
17. M¨v‡mi cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvi gvb n‡”QÑ [Kz. †ev. 2016]
A. PV = RT B. PV = nRT
C. PV = KT D. me¸‡jv mwVK Ans D i. 0C ii. 0K iii. 273C
12. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c Aw·‡Rb AYyi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j-[w`.†ev. 2016] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A. 461 ms –1
B. 361 ms –1
C. 261 ms –1
D. 162 ms –1 A. ii B. iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans C
3RT 3 × 8.31 × 273 18 . e‡q‡ji m~ Î wb‡Pi †Kvb cÖ wµqv †g‡b P‡j? [wm. †ev. 2015]
C= = –3 = 461 ms–1 A. mgPvc B. m‡gvò C. iæ×Zvcxq D. mg AvqZb Ans B
m 32 × 10
13. ‘PV’ ivwkwUi M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î wb‡`©k K‡iÑ [h. †ev. 2017] 19. me©Rbxb M¨vm aªæeK R GKK †KvbwU? [e.‡ev 2021]
A. kw³ B. ÿgZv A. JK mol–1 B. JK-1 mol
C. fi‡eM D. RoZv Ans A C. J mol D. J mol–1K–1 Ans D
Concept 2 M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i †gŠwjK ¯^xKvh©mg~n

✅ M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡: 1730 mv‡j ev‡b©vwj me© cÖ_g MwZ Z‡Ë¡i mvnv‡h¨ M¨v‡mi m~Îvejx e¨vL¨v K‡ib| GRb¨ ev‡b©vwj‡K M¨v‡mi MwZ Z‡Ë¡i RbK ejv nq|
✅ 1860 Lªx÷v‡ã K¬wmqvm, g¨v·I‡qj, †evjRg¨vb, wRb, f¨vÛvi Iqvj&m MwZ Z‡Ë¡i cÖf~Z DbœwZ mvab K‡ib Ges Z‡Ë¡i mvnv‡h¨ M¨v‡mi bvbviƒc AvPi‡bi
e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib|
✅ M¨v‡mi MwZ Z‡Ë¡i †gŠwjK ¯^xKvh© mg~n:
1857 mv‡j K¬wmqvm cÖ_g GB ¯^xKvh© ¸‡jv eY©bv K‡ib| ¯^xKvh© ¸‡jv njÑ
 GKB M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jv GKB iKg Ges wewfbœ M¨v‡mi AYy¸wj wewfbœ|
 AYy¸‡jv we›`y fi ev fi hvi AvqZb M¨vm cv‡Îi Zzjbvq Kg|
 M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© `„p w¯’wZ¯’vcK †MvjK Ges ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ †Kvb AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y bvB|
 AYy¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Ges cv‡Îi †`qv‡ji mv‡_ av°v Lvq| AYy¸‡jv mg‡e‡M P‡j| msNl©Kvj AwZ Aí| D³ mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ gy³ c_|
 AYy¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© w¯’wZ¯’vcK †MvjK, ZvB msN‡l©i c~‡e© I c‡i G‡ì fi‡eM I MwZkw³ msiw¶Z _v‡K|
 AYy¸‡jv wewfbœ MwZ‡Z G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e BZ¯ÍZ †QvUvQywU K‡i Ges wbDU‡bi MwZ m~Î †g‡b P‡j|
 Av`k© M¨vm ¯^xKvh©mg~n m‡ev©Zfv‡e †g‡b P‡j wKš‘ ev¯Íe M¨vm mKj ¯^xKvh© †g‡b P‡j bv|
 M¨vm AYy¸‡jvi Dci AwfKl©R e‡ji cÖfve †bB|
 M¨v‡mi AYy ¸‡jv AbeiZ av°vq wjß _vK‡jI GKK Nb AvqZ‡b AYyi msL¨v w¯’i _v‡K| A_©vr Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvYweK NbZ¡ w¯’i _v‡K|
 GKwU msN‡l© †h mgq e¨q nq Zv `ywU msN‡l©i gaëZ©x mg‡qi Zyjbvq bMb¨ A_©vr av°v¸‡jv Zvr¶wYK|
✅ M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM: M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wb‡¤œv³ m~Î I mgxKiY cÖgvY/cÖwZcv`b Kiv hvq|
1. e‡q‡ji m~Î; 2. Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY; 3. Pvj©‡mi m~Î; 4. Pv‡ci m~Î; 5. A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi m~Î

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION
01. ¯^vfvweK M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ Abymv‡i M¨vm AYy¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv AvšÍtAvYweK
01. †gvjvi AvqZb MYbvi mwVK mgxKiY †KvbwU? [RU. 17-18]
ej †bB| myZivs Aby¸‡jvi- [JU-A, Set-D. 19-20; Xv. †ev. 2019]
nPT nPR
A. •iwLK fi‡eM †bB B. MwZkw³ †bB A. V =
R
B. V =
T
C. wefekw³ †bB D. †KvbwUB bq rPT nRT
Av`k© M¨v‡mi w¯’wZkw³ = 0 C. V = D. V = Ans D
N P
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION 03. M¨v‡mi mv›`ªZv ¸YvsK ZvcgvÎvi [P. †ev. 2016]
A. mgvbycvwZK B. e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
MAT C. eM©g~‡ji mgvbycvwZK D. eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans C
01. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvi †ÿ‡Î M¨v‡mi Aby¸wji Rb¨ †Kvb c¨vivwgUvi aªæe 04. M¨v‡mi AYyi Mogy³ c_ Zvi Nb‡Z¡i [P. †ev. 2016]
(Constant)? [MAT. 2020-21]
A. e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK B. mgvbycvwZK
A. MwZ‡eM B. fi C. MwZ‡eM kw³ D. AvqZb
C. e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK D. eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans C
wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq (T), M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi †gvU MwZkw³ (Ek) w¯’i _v‡K| 05. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq mKj M¨vm AYyi Rb¨ †Kvb ivwkwU aªæeK? [w`. †ev. 2017]
 AYy¸‡jv we›`y fi ev fi hvi AvqZb M¨vm cv‡Îi Zzjbvq Kg|
A. fi B. fi‡eM C. MwZkw³ D. AvqZb Ans C
 M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© `„p w¯’wZ¯’vcK †MvjK Ges ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_
06. †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi g~j Mo eM©‡eM Ges cig ZvcgvÎvi m¤úK©- [w`. †ev. 2015]
†Kvb AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y bvB|
 Av`k© M¨vm ¯^xKvh©mg~n m‡ev©Zfv‡e †g‡b P‡j wKš‘ ev¯Íe M¨vm mKj A. mgvbycvwZK B. e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
¯^xKvh© †g‡b P‡j bv| C. eM©g~‡ji mgvbycvwZK D. e‡M©i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans C
 M¨vm AYy¸‡jvi Dci AwfKl©R e‡ji cÖfve †bB| 07. †Kv‡bv cv‡Î Ave× M¨vm AYy¸wji me©vwaK msL¨K AYyi †eM‡K e‡j-
 M¨v‡mi AYy ¸‡jv AbeiZ av°vq wjß _vK‡jI GKK Nb AvqZ‡b AYyi [g.‡ev 2021]
msL¨v w¯’i _v‡K| A_©vr Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvYweK NbZ¡ w¯’i _v‡K| A. Mo †eM B. g~j Mo eM©‡eM
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i Rb¨ mwVK [MAT. 11-12] C. Mo eM©‡eM D. me©vwaK m¤¢ve¨ †eM Ans D
A. wbDU‡bi MwZ m~Î mg~n †g‡b P‡j bv B. GKB M¨v‡mi AYy m`„k 08. ev¯Íe M¨vm e‡q‡ji m~Î †g‡b P‡j- [g.‡ev 2021]
C. AYy¸‡jv Aeµg MwZ‡Z MwZkxj D. AYy¸‡jv wb‡Ri g‡a¨ AvKwl©Z nq A. D”P ZvcgvÎv B. Kÿ ZvcgvÎv
mKj M¨vm AYyi m¤^š^‡q MwVZ| GKwU M¨v‡mi mKj AYy m`„k¨ C. wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv D. 0C ZvcgvÎv Ans A
Ges GKwU M¨v‡mi AYy Ab¨ M¨v‡mi AYy †_‡K Avjv`v|
09. PV = aªæeK, mgxKiYwU wb‡Pi †Kvb cÖwµqv‡K mg_©b Ki‡e?
03. M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ Abyhvqx Ab¨Zg ¯^xKvh© n‡jv AYy¸‡jvi g‡a¨ msNl© My‡jv? [e.‡ev 2021; P.‡ev 2021]
[MAT. 00-01]
A. w¯’wZ¯’vcK B. AvswkK w¯’wZ¯’vcK A. m‡gvò B. mg AvqZb C. mg Pvc D. iæ×Zvcxq Ans A
C. m¤ú~Y© w¯’wZ¯’vcK D. m¤ú~b© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Ans C 10. M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ Aby m v‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb wee„ wZwU Am½wZc~Y©? [e.‡ev. 2019]
A. Aby¸‡jv wbDU‡bi m~Î †g‡b P‡j B. Aby¸‡jv mew`‡K mg‡e‡M MwZkxj
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION C. Aby¸‡jv AwZ ÿz`ª D. ev®úvq‡bi nvi n«vm cvq Ans A
01. M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ Abymv‡i †KvbwU mwVK? [Xv.†ev. 2019] 11 . M¨v‡mi †gŠwjK ¯^ x Kvh© Aby m v‡i- [e. †ev. 2015]
A. AYy¸‡jvi msNl© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK B. AYy¸‡jvi w¯’wZkw³ †bB A. GKwU M¨v‡mi mKj AYy m`„k B. ZvcgvÎvi mv‡_ AYy¸‡jvi †eM ev‡o
C. AYy¸‡jvi MwZkw³ †bB D. AYy¸‡jvi fi‡eM †bB Ans B C. M¨v‡mi kw³ wefe kw³ D. A I B DfqB Ans D
02. M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i †gŠwjK ¯^xKvh© Abymv‡i [Xv. †ev. 2017] 12. M¨v‡mi †gŠwjK ¯^ x Kvh© Aby m v‡iÑ [e. †ev. 2015]
i. ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ AYyi †eM e„w× cvq i. GKwU M¨v‡mi mKj AYy m`„ k ii. M¨v‡mi kw³ wefe kw³
ii. AYy¸‡jvi gaëZ©x `~i‡Z¡i Zzjbvq AYy¸‡jvi AvqZb D‡cÿYxq iii. ZvcgvÎvi mv‡_ AYyMy‡jvi †eM ev‡o
iii. `ywU av°vi gaëZx© mg‡q AYyMy‡jv mg‡e‡M mij‡iLvq P‡j bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans B
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A
Concept 3 Av`k© M¨v‡mi MZxq mgxKiYmg~n

welq mgxKiY
1 mnc2 1 mc2
 P = 3 c2 = 3 V  = V  = 3 V = (M = mn) = 3  2 Mc2 = 3 E E = 2Mc2
1 mn 2 1 2 1
M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ I kw³i mgxKiY
 M¨v‡mi Pvc Gi GKK AvqZ‡bi AYy¸‡jvi MwZkw³i `yB-Z…Zxqvsk|
Av`k© M¨v‡mi ms‡kvwaZ mgxKiY
 P + v2 (V – b) = RT
a
(1 †gvj M¨v‡mi Rb¨)
2
 P + v2  (V – nb) = nRT a = f¨vbWvi Iqvj‡mi Pvc ms‡kvab aªæeK
na
f¨vbWvi Iqvjm mgxKiY (n †gvj M¨v‡mi Rb¨)
b = f¨vbWvi Iqvj‡mi AvqZb ms‡kvab aªæeK
3P
g~j Mo eM©‡e‡Mi mv‡_ Pv‡ci m¤úK©  C= (P = M¨v‡mi Pvc, = M¨v‡mi NbZ¡)

3RT
g~j Mo eM©‡e‡Mi mv‡_ ZvcgvÎvi m¤úK©  C= M
 C  T ( †hLv‡b R I M aªæeK)
1 2 3RT
 2mc2 = 3 KT ev, C = M
M¨vm AYyi MwZkw³ I ZvcgvÎvi mv‡_ m¤úK©  M¨v‡mi AYyi Mo MwZkw³ Gi cig ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK|
2
 GKwU AYyi MwZkw³ = 3  †evjRg¨vb aªæeK  cig ZvcgvÎv
†evjRg¨vb aªæeK  K = 1.38  10–23JK–1
A¨v‡fvMv‡Wªvi msL¨v  NA = 6.0222  1026 AYy/wK‡jv‡gvj A_ev NA = 6.022  1023 AYy/‡gvj

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION BSMRSTU
01. M¨vm AYyi Mo eM©‡eM M¨v‡mi cig ZvcgvÎvi- [JU. 10-11] 01. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi MZxq mgxKiY? [BSMRSTU-H, 19-20]
A. e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK B. mgvbycvwZK 1
A. PV = nRT B. PV = mNc2
3
C. e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK D. ‡KvbwUB bq Ans D
C. PV = RT D. PV = P1V1
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION 1
PV = mNC  M¨v‡mi MZxq mgxKiY
2
01. ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j AYy¸‡jvi Mo eM© †eM- [RU. 09-10] 3
A. n«vm cvq B. e„w× cvq C. AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K D. k~b¨ nq Ans B PV = nRT  Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION P1V1 = P2V2  e‡qj Pvj©‡mi mgš^q m~Î
01. T ZvcgvÎvq Av`k© M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î GKwU AYyi Mo MwZkw³ KZ? PV = RT  1 †gvj M¨v‡mi mgxKiY|
[CU. 15-16, 11-12; JU. 18-19; IU. 12-13]
2 1 1 3 3
HSTU
A. KT B. KT2 C. KT2 D. KT3 E. KT Ans E 01. wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK bq? [HSTU. 14-15]
3 3 2 2 2
02. M¨v‡mi AYyi Mo MwZkw³ Dnvi- [CU. 06-07] PV PV
A. 1 1 = 2 2 B. PV = nRT
A. ZvcgvÎvi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK B. Pv‡ci mgvbycvwZK T1 T2
C. ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK D. Pv‡ci e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans C P1 P2 P1 P2
C. = D. = Ans D
T1 T2 V1 V2
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION
PART A Analysis of General University Question
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
KU BUET
01. GKwU wbw`©ó Pv‡c †h ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb c`v_© KwVb, Zij I evqexq iƒ‡c 01. `ywU wfbœ Av`k© M¨vm GKB Pv‡c wfbœ wfbœ cv‡Î Ave× Av‡Q| hw` 1 I 2
mvg¨ve¯’vq _v‡K, Zv‡K e‡j H c`v‡_©i- [KU. 14-15] G¸‡jvi NbZ¡ Ges C1 I C2 h_vµ‡g G¸‡jvi g~jMo eM©‡eM nq, Zvn‡j
A. w¯’i we›`y B. •Îa we›`y C1
Gi mgvb n‡e- [BUET. 05-06]
C. w÷g we›`y D. eid we›`y Ans B C2
2 2
IU   1 2
A. 12 B. 22 C. D. Ans D
01. AYyi g~j Mo eM© †e‡Mi mv‡_ Pv‡ci m¤úK© n‡”Q, P =? [IU. 13-14]   2 1
2 1
1 2 2 Nmc2
A. c B. E C. D. GwU mve©Rwbb Ans A
KUET
3 3 2l2
BRUR 01. m‡gvò cÖwµqvq GKwU M¨v‡mi Pvc I AvqZ‡bi mgxKiY n‡”Q [KUET. 05-06]
P v
01. Which is the correct one? [BRUR. 12-13] A. PV = k B. =K C. =K D. PV = k Ans A
A. Crms : Cm : Cav = 1.22:1.2:1 v P
B. Crms : Cav : Cm = 1.22:1.12:1 STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
C. Cm : Crms : Cav = 1:1.12:1.22
D. Crms : Cav : Cm = 1.12:1:0.22 01. cig †¯‹‡j Pv‡ci m~Î n‡jv-
Ans B [Kz.‡ev 2021]
PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question A. P  T B. P  T 2
1
SUST C. P  D. P  T Ans A
T
01. ‡KvbwU wVK? [SUST. 05-06] 02. T ZvcgvÎvi Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î AYyi Mo MwZkw³Ñ [wm.†ev.2015,P.†ev.2015]
A. †Kvb e¯‘‡K Mig Ki‡j Bnvi Kbvmg~‡ni MwZkw³i †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv| 2 3
B. †Kvb e¯‘‡K Mig Ki‡j Bnvi KYvmg~‡ni MwZkw³ e„w× cvq A. KT B. KT2
3 2
C. †Kvb e¯‘‡K VvÛv Ki‡j Bnvi KYvmg~‡ni MwZkw³ e„w× cvq| 3 3
D. †Kvb e¯‘‡K Mig Ki‡j Bnvi KYvmg~‡ni w¯’wZkw³ e„w× cvq C. KT4 D. KT Ans D
2 2
EK  T ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j MwZkw³ e„w× cvq| 03. ‡Kvb M¨v‡mi g~j Mo eM©‡eM Ges cig ZvcgvÎvi m¤úK©Ñ [wm. †ev. 2015]
JUST A. mgvbycvwZK B. e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
01. MwZ kw³ we¯Ív‡ii mv‡_- [JUST. 15-16] C. eM©g~‡ji mgvbycvwZK D. e‡M©i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans C
A. e„w× cvq B. n«vm cvq C. mgvb _v†K 04. GKK AvqZ‡bi AYyMy‡jvi MwZkw³ E Ges M¨v‡mi Pv‡ci m¤úK©
D. e‡M©i mgvbycv‡Z ev‡o E. k~b¨ nq Ans D
¯’vcbKvix mgxKiY †KvbwU? [e. †ev. 2016]
MBSTU 3 2
01. g~j Mo eM©‡e‡Mi mv‡_ Pv‡ci m¤úK© n‡jv- [MBSTU. 14-15; CoU.15-16] A. E = P B. E = P
2 3
P 3P 3P 2P Ans C 1 3 1 2
A. c = 3 B. c = C. c = D. c = C. E =  P D. E =  P Ans A
    2 2 2 3
Concept 4 AvYweK †e‡Mi eÈb Ges Mo gy³ c‡_i Z_¨vejx

✅ MwZ Z‡Ë¡ Mo †e‡Mi †Kvb eënvi ‡bB| ïaygvÎ g~j Mo eM©‡eM AYyi wewfbœ ‡e‡Mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix Mo wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
✅ M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi †gvU MwZkw³ cig ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK|
✅ M¨v‡mi RMS †eM cig ZvcgvÎvi eM©g~‡ji mgvbycvwZK|
✅ Mo gy³ c_: cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c cÖwZ NbwgUvi M¨v‡m 2.91025 wU AYy _v‡K| GB AYy¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ msN‡l© wjß _v‡K| wnmve K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q
cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û msN‡l©i msL¨v cÖvq 109 wU|
msÁv: †Kvb AYyi cici `ywU msN‡l©i gaëZ©x `~iZ¡¸‡jvi Mo wb‡q †h `~iZ¡ cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Mo gy³ c_ e‡j| hw` N msL¨K av°vi g‡a¨ AYy †gvU S `~iZ¡
S
AwZµg K‡i Z‡e Mo gy³ c_  = N
✅ cÖwZwU AYyi Mo gy³ c_ mgvb
✅ K¬wmqvm me©cÖ_g Mo gy³ c‡_i ivwkgvjv †ei K‡ib
✅ Mo gy³c‡_i mgxKiY: K. K¬wmqv‡mi mgxKiY:  = 12 L. g¨v·I‡q‡ji mgxKiY:  = 1
a n 2a2n
✅ GB m~Î¸‡jvi g‡a¨ g¨v·I‡q‡ji m~ÎwU mvaviYZ Mo gy³ c‡_i ivwkgvjv wbY©‡q eënvi Kiv nq| wZwb AvYweK †eM e›Ub m~Î Aej¤^‡b G ivwkgvjv
wbY©q K‡ib|
✅ Mo gy³ c‡_i wbf©ikxjZv:
1 1
 
n
(n = AYyi msL¨v)    a2 (a = AYyi e¨vm) 
T
na2P
1 1
  (NbZ¡  GKK AvqZ‡b AYyi msL¨vi (n) mgvbycvwZK)   (NbZ¡ Pv‡ci mgvbycvwZK)
 P
   T (NbZ¡  ZvcgvÎvi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK)

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION GK-cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨,  = 1.67 (He, Ar)
01. †Kvb cv‡Î Ave× M¨v‡m AYy¸wji me©vwaK msL¨K M¨vm AYyi †eM‡K ejv wØ-cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨,  = 1.41 (Cl2, O2)
nq? [RU. 12-13, F. 15-16] eûcvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨,  = 1.33 (CO2, H3)
A. Mo †eM B. g~j Mo eM© †eM 02. GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv T n‡Z e„„w× K‡i 2T Kiv nj| †Kvb ivwkwU
C. me©vwaK m¤¢ve¨ †eM D. Mo eM© †eM Ans C wØMyY n‡e? [Xv. †ev. 2015; P. †ev. 2015]
A. AYyMywji Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j B. AYyMywji Mo †e‡Mi eM©
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION C. AYyMywji Mo‡eM D. AYyMywji Mo eM©‡eM Ans D
03. M¨v‡mi Aby¸‡jvi g~j Mo eM© †eM Crms Ges cig ZvcgvÎv T n‡j wb‡Pi
PART A Analysis of Science & Technology Question
†KvbwU mwVK? [w`.‡ev. 2019]
JUST A. Crms T B. Crms  T
01. Av`k© K…òe¯‘ (Black Body) Gi †kvlY ¶gZv- [JUST. 15-16] 1 1
A. 0% B. 1% C. 50% C. Crms  D. Crms  Ans B
T T
D. 75% E. 100% Ans E 04. wb‡Pi †KvbwU jw¤^K Zi½? [w`.‡ev. 2019]
A. ‡eZvi Zi½ B. w¯úªs Gi Zi½
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION C. kã Zi½ D. Uvbv Zv‡ii Zi½ Ans C
01. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î Mvgv () Gi gvb KZ? [Xv. †ev. 2015] 05. ZvcgvÎv KZ¸Y n‡j Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi AYyi †eM wØ¸Y n‡e? [wm. †ev. 2016]
A. 1.67 B. 1.4 A. 2 B. 4
C. 1.33 D. 1.28 Ans B C. 8 D. 16 Ans B
Concept 5 ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vejx

✅ msÁv: †Kvb MwZkxj wm‡÷‡gi Ae¯’vb m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †evSv‡Z †gvU †h msL¨K ¯^vaxb ivwki cÖ‡qvRb nq ev MwZkxj wm‡÷‡gi †gvU MwZkw³i ivwkgvjvq †h
KqwU ¯^vaxb eM©ivwk cvIqv hvq|
✅ e¨vL¨v:
 †Kvb MwZkxj wm‡÷‡gi Ae¯’vb m¤ú~Y© cÖKvk Ki‡Z hZ¸‡jv ¯’vbv‡¼i cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvi msL¨vB n‡”Q ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv|
 ‡Kvb e¯‘ Aev‡a ev ¯^vaxbfv‡e hZ¸‡jv MwZi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i †mB msL¨v‡K H e¯‘i ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv e‡j|
✅ mgxKiY: †Kvb wm‡÷‡gi ¯^vaxb GK cigvYyK AYyi msL¨v n n‡j ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv n‡e 3n wKš‘ AYy¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK Ae¯’vb r msL¨K mgxKiY w`‡q
m¤úK©hy³ n‡j gvÎv msL¨v, n = 3n – r
✅ D`vniY:
 GK cvigvYweK M¨vm AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv  3  •iwLK MwZi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv  3
 Av`k© M¨v‡mi cÖwZwU AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv  3  AveZ©biZ KYvi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv  5
 wØ-cvigvYweK M¨vm (O2,N2, H2) AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv  5 (3wU •iwLK MwZi Rb¨ Ges `ywU N~Y©b MwZi Rb¨)
✅ we‡kl Z_¨:
M¨vm ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv  (Cp I Cv Gi AbycvZ) Mokw³ mgxKiY
3
GK-cigvYyK M¨vm (He, Ne, Ar) 3 1.67 Mokw³ = 2 KT
5
wØ- cigvYyK M¨vm (O2, N2, Cl2) 5 1.40 Mokw³ =2 KT
6
wÎ- cigvYyK M¨vm (CO2, O3, CH4) 6 1.33 Mokw³ =2 KT
✅ kw³i mgwefvRb bxwZ: Zvcxq mvg¨ve¯’vq Av‡Q Ggb MZxq wm‡÷‡gi †gvU kw³ wewfbœ ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎvi wfZi w`‡q mgfv‡e ew›UZ nq Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ¯^vaxbZvi
1
gvÎvwcQz kw³i cwigvY nq 2KT
✅ cÖeZ©K: g¨v·I‡qj (1859)
3 1
 cÖ‡Z¨K AYyi Mo MwZkw³ = 2KT  cÖ‡Z¨K AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎvi †gvU kw³i cwigvY = 2KT
3 5
 GK cigvYyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î kw³ = 2KT  wØ-cigvYyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î kw³ = 2KT

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION IU
01. GKwU AveZ©YiZ KYvi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv- [IU-D, 19-20]
01. wØ-cigvYyK M¨v‡mi MwZkw³i cwigvY KZ? [JU-A, Set-C. 20-21]
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
A. 3/4 kT B. 3/2 kT C. 5/2kT D. 7/2 kT AveZ©biZ I wØcvigvYweK KYvi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv 5
f
Avgiv Rvwb, f ¯^vaxbZv gvÎv wewkó cigvYyi MwZkw³= 2kT •iwLK MwZ‡Z I GKcvigvYweK KYvi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv 3
wØ-cigvYy M¨v‡mi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv, f = 2  3 – 1 = 5; PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
5 SUST
wØ-cigvYyK M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ = 2kT
01. M¨v‡mi GKwU AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv 6 n‡j kw³i mgwefvRb bxwZ Abymv‡i
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION cÖwZ AYyi Mo kw³ KZ? [SUST. 18-19]
01. GKwU wØcvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨ ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv –––| [CU. 16-17] A. 6 kT B. 3 kT C. 2 kT
Ans C 3 1
A. 3 B. 8 C. 5 D. 2 E. 4 D. kT E. kT Ans B
2 2
02.  = 1.41 ‡Kvb M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨? [CU. 06-07]
A. O2 B. H2 C. N2 D. Cl2 E. me¸‡jv PSTU
wØ-cigvYyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î  = 1.41| 01. eûcvigvYweK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î ÔÕ Gi gvb KZ? [PSTU. 14-15]
03. 27C ZvcgvÎvq GK †gvj wnwjqvg M¨v‡mi MwZkw³i cwigvb–[CU. 16-17] A. 1.33 B. 1.41
A. 3500 J B. 3741 J C. 3650 J D. 3845 J E. 3835 J C. 1.67 D. 2.33
3 m 3 GK cigvbyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î  = 1.66
M¨v‡mi MwZkw³, E =  RT =  1  8.314  300 = 3741J
2 M 2 wØ-cigvbyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î  = 1.44; eûcigvbyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î  = 1.33
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF DU-7 Clg QUESTION
01. GKwU AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv f n‡j H AYy Øviv MwVZ Av`k© M¨v‡mi †gvU
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
Af¨šÍixY kw³ KZ n‡e? [DU. 7Clg-A: 20-21] 01. Aw·‡Rb (O2) M¨v‡mi cÖwZ AYyi Mo MwZkw³ KZ? [iv.‡ev 2021]
f 3f f 3f 3 3 5 5
A. nRT B. nRT C. RT D. RT A. RT B. Kt C. R D. KT
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
f O2 M¨vm wØ-cvigvbweK M¨vm|
f ¯^vaxbZv gvÎvwewkó †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi GKwU AYyi MwZkw³ = kT
2
f myZivs Mo MwZkw³, = 5 KT
f ¯^vaxbZv gvÎvwewkó †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi n †gvj msL¨K AYyi MwZkw³ = 2
2 02. cÖwZwU Aw·‡Rb AYyi †gvU kw³- [iv. †ev. 2016]
f 3 5 2 7
nNAkT = nRT [ †gv‡ji M¨vm aªæeK, R = NAk; †hLv‡b, NA = A. E = KT B. E = KT C. E = KT D. E = KT Ans A
2 2 2 3 2
A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv msL¨v; k = †evëRg¨vb aªæeK]
03. †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi Mo MwZkw³- [iv.†ev.2015; P.†ev. 2015; w`.†ev.2015]
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION 3 3 2
A. Ē = RT B. Ē = KT C. Ē = RT D. Ē = KT
2
Ans B
2 2 3 3
04. CO2 M¨v‡mi Rb¨  Gi gvb KZ? [Kz. †ev. 2017]
JnU A. 1.66 B. 1.41 C. 1.33 D. 1.2 Ans C

01. PV = aªæeK mgxKi‡Y wØcigvYyK M¨v‡mi ‡¶‡Î  Gi gvb- [JnU. 15-16] 05. hw` nvB‡MÖvwgUv‡ii wm³ I ï®‹ evj‡ei ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ Kg cÖ`k©b K‡i
A. 1.20 B. 1.40 C. 1.33 D. †KvbwUB bq Zvn‡j- [g.‡ev 2021]
GK cigvbyK M¨v‡mi ‡¶‡Î  = 1.66 A. Av‡cÿwK Av`ª©Zv Kg B. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv †ewk
wØ-cigvbyK M¨v‡mi ‡¶‡Î  = 1.40; wÎ-cigvbyK M¨v‡mi ‡¶‡Î  = 1.33 C. wb¤œ wkwkiv¼ D. kix‡i Avivg AYyfe n‡e Ans B
Concept 6 m¤ú„³ Ges Am¤ú„³ ev‡®úi Z_¨vejx

✅ m¤ú„³ I Am¤ú„³ ev‡®úi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨:
m¤ú„³ ev®ú Am¤ú„³ ev®ú
1. m¤ú„³ ev®ú Ave× ¯’v‡b •Zix Kiv hvq 1. Am¤ú„³ ev®ú Ave× ev †Lvjv †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b •Zix n‡Z cv‡i
2. m¤ú„³ ev®ú e‡qj I Pvj©‡mi m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv 2. Am¤ú„³ ev®ú e‡qj I Pvj©‡mi m~Î ‡g‡b P‡j
3. ZvcgvÎv e„w× K‡i GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú„³ ev®ú‡K Am¤ú„³ ev‡®ú cwiYZ Kiv hvq 3. ZvcgvÎv Kwg‡q GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvb Am¤ú„³ ev®ú‡K m¤ú„³ ev‡®ú cwiYZ Kiv hvq
4. m¤ú„³ ev®ú Zi‡ji ms¯ú‡k© mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡Z cv‡i| 4. Am¤ú„³ ev®ú KL‡bv Zi‡ji ms¯ú‡k© mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡Z cv‡i bv
5. me©vwaK Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i| 5. Am¤ú„³ ev®úPvc < m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc
◈ m¤ú„³ ev‡®úi •ewkó¨ g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj- k¤úv em‡K †g‡b P‡j bv
k¤úv em‡K †g‡b P‡j bv
  
m¤ú„³ ev®ú e‡q‡ji m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv
◈ †Kvb ev®ú e‡q‡ji m~Î gv‡b bv G e¨vcv‡i Avi Confused nIqv jvM‡e bv|
✅ m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pv‡ci Dci ZvcgvÎv, AvqZb I Zi‡ji cÖK…wZi cÖfve:
 ZvcgvÎv: ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvc e„w× cvq
 Zi‡ji cÖK…wZ: Zi‡ji cÖK…wZi Dci m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvc wbf©i K‡i| wewfbœ Zi‡ji Rb¨ m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvc wfbœ wfbœ nq|
 AvqZ‡bi cÖfve: m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc AvqZ‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
✅ µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv: †h ZvcgvÎvi Dc‡i †Kvb M¨vm‡K †Kej gvÎ Pvc cÖ‡qv‡M Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv e‡j|
✅ ¯’vqx M¨vm: mvaviY ZvcgvÎvi †h mKj M¨vm‡K †Kej Pvc cÖ‡qv‡M Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K ¯’vqx M¨vm e‡j| ‡hgb: Aw·‡Rb, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb wnwjqvg BZ¨vw`|
✅ Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv wbY©‡qi ¸iæZ¡:
 gvby‡li †gRvR, ¯^v¯’¨ Kg© D`¨g A‡bKvs‡k Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zvi Dci wbf©ikxj|  wbivc` wegvb Pvjbvi †¶‡Î
✅ ev®ú I M¨v‡mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
ev®ú M¨vm
1. †Kvb M¨vmxq c`v‡_©i ZvcgvÎv µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v Kg n‡j Zv‡K ev®ú e‡j| 1. †Kvb c`v_© Gi µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v AwaK ZvcgvÎvq _vK‡j Zv‡K M¨vm e‡j|
2. ev®ú‡K Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv hvq| 2. M¨vm †K ïaygvÎ Pvc cÖ‡qv‡M Zi‡j cwiYZ Kiv hvq bv|
✅ M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jv wbDU‡bi m~Î †g‡b P‡j
✅ f¨vbWviIqvj&m Gi g‡Z AwZwi³ Pvc M¨v‡mi Nb‡Z¡i e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK ev M¨v‡mi AvqZ‡bi e‡M©i e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK|
✅ Zi‡ji mv›`ªZv hZ Kg nq KYv¸‡jvi MwZ ZZ e„w× cvq|
✅ ZvcgvÎv hZ †ekx KYv¸‡jvi MwZI ZZ e„w× cvq|
✅ ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †Møwmqv‡ii Drcv`K (G) Gi gvb K‡g|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION IU
01. cvwb, eid I Rjxq ev®ú †h ZvcgvÎvq GK m‡½ _vK‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡jv- 01. †Kvb c`v_© Gi µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v AwaK ZvcgvÎvq _vK‡j Zv‡K ejv
[DU. 03-04; CoU. 13-14; RU. 18-19] nq- [IU. 10-11]
A. 0K B. 273.16K C. 100K D. 4K A. ev®ú B. Zij C. M¨vm D. ‡KvbwUB bq Ans C
•Îa we›`y‡Z cvwb, eid I Rjxq ev®ú GK m‡½ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
•Îa we›`y n‡jv 0C ev 273.16K| STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION
02. ‡Kvb e¨w³ ce©‡Zi P‚ovq cvwb dzUv‡Z PvB‡j cvwbi cvÎ‡K †h ZvcgvÎvq MAT
DËß Ki‡Z n‡e Zv- [DU. 09-10]
01. †h wU m¤ú„³ ev‡®úi ag© bq [MAT. 01-02]
A. higher than 100C B. lower than 100C
C. to 100C D. cannot be determined Ans B A. ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j wbw`©ó cwigvb m¤ú„³ ev®ú Am¤ú„³ ev‡®ú cwibZ nq|
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION B. m¤ú„³ ev®ú †Lvjv I Ave× Dfq ¯’v‡b •Zwi Kiv nq|
01. Aw·‡R‡bi msKU Pvc I ZvcgvÎv KZ? [JU. 12-13] C. m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvj©‡mi I e‡qj Gi m~Î †g‡b P‡j bv|
A. 50 and 304.1K B. 50 and 254 K D. m¤ú„³ ev®ú ¯^xq Zi‡ji mv‡_ mvg¨ve¯’vq Ae¯’vb K‡i| Ans B
C. 73 and 249 K D. 13 and 304.1 K Ans B
02. ‡Kvb Dw³wU mwVK bq? [MAT. 01-02]
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION A. N‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j N‡ii Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv n«vm cv‡e|
PART A Analysis of General University Question B. wkwkiv¼ 00C Gi bx‡P bvg‡Z cv‡i|
KU C. evZv‡mi ZvcgvÎv 300C n‡Z K‡g 200C n‡j Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv †e‡o hv‡e
01. M¨vm I ev‡®úi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ GB †h, [KU. 09-10] D. AvenvIqv c~e©vfv‡mi †ejvq Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© | Ans B
A. M¨vm‡K ïay Pvc cÖ‡qv‡M Zi‡j cwibZ Kiv hvq wKš‘ ev®ú‡K Kiv hvq bv|
03. wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb Ave× ¯’v‡b me©vwaK †h cwigvb ev®ú avib Ki‡Z
B. M¨v‡mi Zvc n«vm Ki‡j Zi‡j cwiYZ nq wKš‘ ev®ú Zi‡j cwiYZ nq bv|
C. M¨vm‡K GKwU wbw`ó ZvcgvÎvi wb‡P †i‡L Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| cv‡i Zv A‡c¶v Kg ev®ú _vK‡j G‡K e‡j? [MAT. 00-01]
D. ‡Kvb M¨vmxq c`v_© Gi µvwšÍ ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v AwaK ZvcgvÎvq _vK‡j A. m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvc B. Am¤ú„³ ev®ú
Zv‡K ev®ú e‡j| Ans C C. Am¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvc D. m¤ú„³ ev®ú Ans B
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVKÑ

A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A
01. m¤ú„³ ev‡®úi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? [Xv.‡ev 2021]
07. Rjxq ev®ú m¤ú‡K© ejv hvq- [w`.‡ev. 2016]
A. e‡qj Gi m~Î †g‡b P‡j B. Pvj©‡mi m~Î †g‡b P‡j A. m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú me©vwaK Pvc †`q
C. e‡qj Ges Pvj©‡mi m~Î gv‡b bv B. m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pvj©‡mi m~Î †g‡b P‡j
D. GKwU e× ¯’v‡b •Zwi Kiv hvq bv Ans C
C. †KvbwUB bq
02. Am¤ú„³ ev®ú †g‡b P‡j- [Xv. †ev. 2016]
D. me¸‡jv mwVK Ans A
A. e‡q‡ji m~Î B. Pvj©‡mi m~Î 08. evqygÛ‡ji Rjxq ev®ú Nbxfe‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU msNwUZ nq bv?
C. Pv‡ci m~Î D. e‡qj I Pvj©‡mi m~Î Ans D [h. †ev. 2015]
03. †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi Am¤ú„³ ev®úPvc f Ges m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc F n‡j †KvbwU A. wkwki B. Kzqvkv C. So D. e„wó Ans C
mwVK? [iv.‡ev 2021] 09. evqyi Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv Kg n‡j ev®úvqb n‡eÑ [wm. †ev. 2015]
A. f  F B. f  F C. f  F D. f  F A. axi MwZ‡Z B. `ªyZ MwZ‡Z
f C. Av‡Mi gZB D. AwZaxi MwZ‡Z
R = × 100% myZivs f < F Ans B
F 10. †gNgy³ w`‡b `ycy‡ii Av‡MB wkwki wZ‡ivwnZ nq †Kb? [e.‡ev. 2019]
04. †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi Rjxq ev®úPvc m¤ú‡K© ejv hvq- [iv.‡ev 2021] A. w`‡bi Av‡jvi ZxeªZv e„w× cvq B. Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv e„w× cvq
i. m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú me©vwaK Pvc †`q C. ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z evqy Am¤ú„³ nq D. ev®úvq‡bi nvi n«vm cvq Ans C
ii. Am¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú e‡q‡ji m~Î †g‡b P‡j 11. w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv m¤ú‡K© ejv nq, BnvÑ [e.‡ev. 2019]
iii. evqy‡Z Rjxq ev®ú Kg‡j evqyi NbZ¡ e„w× cvq i. ZvcgvÎvi mv‡_ cwieZ©b nq ii. ‡fRv‡ji Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cwieZ©b nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. c`v‡_©i AvK…wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVKÑ
05. evqy‡Z Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j- [w`.‡ev 2021]
A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A
A. evqyi NbZ¡ K‡g B. evqyi NbZ¡ ev‡o 12. Am¤ú„³ ev‡®úi †ÿ‡Î- [mKj †evW© 2018]
C. Rjxq ev®úPvc ev‡o D. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv ev‡o Ans B
A. Ave× ev †Lvjv †h †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b GwU •Zwi Kiv hvq
06. m¤ú„³ ev‡®úi †ÿ‡ÎÑ [w`.‡ev. 2019] B. GwU e‡qj Ges Pvj©‡mi m~Î †g‡b P‡j
P1 P2 n C. ZvcgvÎv evwo‡q GwU‡K m¤ú„³ ev‡®ú cwiYZ Kiv hvq
i. = ii. = aªæeK, hLb T w¯’i _v‡K
n1T2 n2T2 P D. A I B DfqB Ans D
iii. GwU e‡qj I Pvj©‡mi m~Î †g‡b P‡j
Concept 7 Av`ª©Zv Ges wkwkivsK msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx

✅ c`v_© weÁv‡bi †h kvLvq Rjxq ev‡®úi Pv‡ci cwigvc Kiv nq Zv‡K Av`ª©ZvwgwZ ev nvB‡MÖvwgwUª e‡j|
✅ Av`©ªZv: †Kvb ¯’v‡bi evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv wbf©i K‡i H ¯’v‡biÑ wkwki Kzqvkv ‡gN e„wó wkjv
K. cvwbi Dr‡mi Dcw¯’wZ L. A¶vsk M. mgy`ª c„ô †_‡K D”PZvi Dci
✅ wkwkivsK: †h ZvcgvÎvq GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi evqy Zvi wfZ‡ii Rjxq ev®ú Øviv m¤ú„³ nq A_ev †h ZvcgvÎvq wkwki Rg‡Z ev A`„k¨ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i Zv‡K H evqyi wkwkivsK e‡j|
✅ wkwkivsK I Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv wbY©q:
 Av‡cw¶K Av`©ªZv wbY©q: evqyi Av`ª©Zv wbY©‡qi Rb¨ †h hš¿ eëüZ nq Zv‡K Av`©ªZv gvb hš¿ ev nvB‡MÖvwgUvi e‡j| Av`©ªZvgvb hš¿¸‡jv‡K Pvi †kªYx‡Z fvM
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 wkwkivsK nvB‡MÖvwgUvi (Dew point Hygrometer)  wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦ nvB‡MÖvwgUvi (Wet & dry Hygrometer)
 ivmvqwbK nvB‡MÖvwgUvi (Chemical Hygrometer)  †Kk nvB‡MÖvwgUvi (Hair Hygrometer)
✅ Hygrometer †kÖYxwefvM g‡b ivLvi †KŠkj- †Kki
†K k i
  
†Kk nvB‡MÖvwgUvi wkwkivsK nvB‡MÖvwgUvi/ ivmvqwbK nvB‡MÖvwgUvi
wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦ nvB‡MÖvwgUvi
 wkwkivsK wbY©q:
†Møwmqv‡ii mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ evqyi wkwkivsK Rvbv hvq-
 = 1 – G(1 - 2)
GLv‡b, G = ï®‹ ev‡j¦i ZvcgvÎvq †Møwmqv‡ii ivwk; 0C = evqyi wkwkivsK; 10C = ï®‹ ev‡j¦i ZvcgvÎv; 20C = Av`©ª ev‡j¦i ZvcgvÎv
✅ AvenvIqvi c~e©vfvm:
wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦ nvB‡MÖvwgUvi cvV †_‡K AvenvIqvi c~e©vfvm m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq :
_v‡g©vwgUviØ‡qi cv‡Vi eëavb:
 †ekx n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e evqy Z_v AvenvIqv ï®‹|  Kg n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e evqy Av`ª© A_©vr AvenvIqv wm³
 ax‡i ax‡i Kg‡Z _vK‡j eyS‡Z n‡e e„wói m¤¢vebv Av‡Q  nVvr K‡g †M‡j eyS‡Z n‡e So n‡Z cv‡i|
✅ Av`ª©Zv wgwZ msµvšÍ K‡qKwU NUbv :
 el©vKvj A‡c¶v kxZKv‡j †fRv Kvco `ªæZ ïKvq|  kxZKv‡j †Vuv‡U wMømvwib jvMv‡bv nq, KviY Zv bv n‡j †VuvU †d‡U hvq
 GKB ZvcgvÎvq XvKv n‡Z K·evRv‡i A¯^w¯Í †eva nq|  AvKvk †gNjv _vK‡j wkwki c‡o bv|
 `ycy‡ii Av‡MB wkwki wZ‡ivwnZ nq|  wfRv Kvc‡o evj¦ Rov‡j Gi ZvcgvÎv K‡g hvq|
 Mi‡gi w`‡b KzKzi wRnŸv †ei K‡i †`Šovq|  Ng©v³ †`‡n cvLvi evZvm jvM‡j Avivg Abyf~Z nq|
✅ evqygÛ‡j ev®ú Nbxf~Z nIqvi dj:

 wkwki (Dew)
 Kzqvkv (fog): evqy cÖevn bv _vK‡j †gNnxb iv‡Z Kyqvkv †ekx c‡o| Kzqvkv `yB cÖKvi nvjKv Kzqvkv (moist) I Nb Kzqvkv (Dense fog)
 †gN: DaŸ©vKv‡ki KzqvkvB †gN
 e„wó
 wkjv (Sleet): †gN hLb Dc‡i DV‡Z _v‡K ZLb ZvcgvÎv `ªæZ Kg‡Z _v‡K Ges cvwbi wngvsK 00C/ -200C Gi wb‡P †b‡g hvq| Rjxq ev®ú `ªæZ Nbxf~Z
n‡q wkjvq cwiYZ nq e‡j Gi wfZi wKQz evqy Ave× _vK‡Z cv‡i|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
01. GK NbwgUvi AvqZ‡bi evqy‡Z †h cwigvY Rjxq ev®ú _v‡K, Zv evqyi PSTU
[JU. 10-11] 01. Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv 100% n‡j wkwkiv¼ evqyi ZvcgvÎv- [PSTU. 15-16]
A. Av`ª©Zv B. Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv C. cig Av`ª©Zv D. ‡KvbwUB bq Ans C A. A‡a©K n‡e B. wØ¸b n‡e C. mgvb n‡e D. Kg n‡e Ans C
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION
01. †KvbwU wg_¨v? [RU. Astrazeneca, Set-1. 20-21]
A. Av`ª©ZvgvcK h‡š¿ `yB _v‡gv©wgUv‡ii cv‡Vi cv_©K¨ n«vm †c‡j So n‡Z cv‡i MAT
B. ce©‡Zi P~ovi evqyi Pvc Kg, cvwbi ùzUbv¼ Kg, ZvB ivbœv Kiv mnR 01. wkwkiv¼ ej‡Z wK eySvq? [MAT. 2020-21]
C. el©vi w`b A‡cÿv kxjKv‡j †fRv Kvco ZvovZvwo ïKvq A. Av`©ªZv B. Av‡cwÿK Av`©ªZv C. Zvc D. ZvcgvÎv
2 3
D. evqyi cig Av`ª©Zv 10 kg m Øviv eySv hvq †h, GK NbwgUvi ZvcgvÎv:
AvqZ‡bi evqy‡Z 10 g Rjxq ev®ú we`¨gvb wkwkiv¼ ej‡Z ZvcgvÎv eySvq|
ce©‡Zi P‚ovq evqyi Pvc Kg _vKvq cvwbi ùzUbv¼ Kg nq|
A_©vr KgZvcgvÎvq cvwb dzU‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| hv ivbœv Kivi Rb¨ Dchy³ mwVK Ackb ev‡` evwK Ackb¸‡jvi we‡kølY:
ZvcgvÎv bv| d‡j ce©‡Zi P‚ovq ivbœv Kiv KwVb|  Av`©ªZv: †Kvb ¯’v‡bi evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv wbf©i K‡i H ¯’v‡biÑ
02. ‡h ZvcgvÎvq evqygÛ‡ji †Kvb wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi evqy Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z  cvwbi Dr‡mi Dcw¯’wZ  A¶vsk
Rjxq ev®ú Øviv m¤ú„³ nq Zv‡K e‡j- [RU. 06-07]  mgy`ª c„ô †_‡K D”PZvi Dci|
A. wkwkiv¼ B. cig Av`©ªZv C. Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv D. Av`ª©ZvwgwZ Ans A  cig Av`ª©Zv: GKK AvqZ‡bi evqy‡Z †h cwigvY Rjxq ev®ú Dcw¯’Z
_v‡K Zv‡K H ¯’v‡bi cig Av`ª©Zv e‡j| Gi GKK : Kgm2
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION
DAT
01. wkwkiv¼ ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS? [CU-A, 19-20; wm.‡ev. 2021, 19, iv.‡ev. 2017]
01. kir Kv‡j †Kvb mg‡q wkwki c‡o? [DAT. 18-19]
A. Zvc B. ZvcgvÎv C. Av`ª©Zv D. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv
A. †gNjv iv‡Z B. Agvem¨vi iv‡Z
†h ZvcgvÎvq wkwki Rg‡Z ïiæ K‡i Zv‡K wkwkiv¼ e‡j| C. †gNgy³ iv‡Z D. cywY©gvi iv‡Z Ans C
02. ‡Kvb wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi evqy‡Z Dcw¯’Z Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY‡K wK eySvq?
[CU. 09-10] STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
A. Av`ª©Zv B. cig Av`ª©Zv C. Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv D. wkwkivsK Ans B 01. Av`ª©ZvgvcK h‡š¿ `yB _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii cv‡Îi cv_©K¨Ñ [iv.‡ev. 2019]
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION i. nVvr n«vm †c‡j So n‡Z cv‡i ii. ax‡i ax‡i Kg‡j e„wó n‡Z cv‡i
iii. Lye Kg n‡j AvenvIqv ï®‹ nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVKÑ
KU A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A
01. nvB‡MÖvwgUv‡ii _v‡g©vwgUvi Ø‡qi cv‡Vi eëavb ax‡i ax‡i Kg‡Z _vK‡j
02. evqy‡Z Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j- [iv. †ev. 2016]
eyS‡Z n‡e- [KU. 08-09]
A. evqyi NbZ¡ K‡g B. evqyi Pvc K‡g
A. e„wói m¤¢vebv Av‡Q B. AvenvIqv ï¯‹
C. Rjxq ev®úPvc K‡g D. A I B DfqB Ans D
C. AvenvIqv Av`ª© D. So n‡Z cv‡i Ans A
03. evqyi Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv Kg n‡j ev®úvqb n‡e- [w`. †ev. 2015]
IU
A. axi MwZ‡Z B. `ªæZMwZ‡Z
01. wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦ _v‡gv©wgUv‡ii cv‡Vi eëavb nVvr K‡g hvIqvi A_©- [IU. 12-13]
A.So n‡Z cv‡i B.e„wó n‡Z cv‡i C.AvenvIqv ï®‹ D.evqy Av`ª© Ans A C. Av‡Mi g‡ZvB D. AwZ axi MwZ‡Z Ans B
BRUR 04. wkwki n‡”Q [h. †ev. 2017]

01. wkwkiv‡¼ †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi m¤ú„³ Rjxqev‡®úi Pvc, †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq A. cvwbi †duvUv B. ZvcgvÎv C. Zvc D. Av`ª©Zv Ans A
H ¯’v‡bi Am¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pv‡ci- [BRUR-F, Set-2, 19-20] 05. wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦ Av`ª©ZvgvcK h‡š¿i `yB _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨
A. †ewk B. mgvb C. Kg D. mgvb ev †ewk nVvr †e‡o †M‡j eySv hvq H ¯’v‡bÑ [h. †ev. 2015]
wkwkiv‡¼ †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi m¤ú„³ Rjxqev‡®úi Pvc, †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó i. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv e„w× †c‡q‡Q ii. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv n«vm †c‡q‡Q
ZvcgvÎvq H ¯’v‡bi Am¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pv‡ci mgvb| iii. wfRv Kvco ZvovZvwo kyKv‡e
02. Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv n‡jv- [BRU. 13-14] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
A. R=F/f B. R= f/F100% C. R=t/f D. R=f/t Ans B A. i B. i I ii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans C
06. Rjxq ev‡®úi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? [wm.‡ev 2021] 08. ‡h ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi evqy Rjxq ev®ú Øviv m¤ú„³ nq,
A. Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigv‡Yi Dci †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi AvenvIqv wbf©i K‡i bv Zv‡K e‡j- [wm. †ev. 2016]
B. Kzqvkv m„wói Rb¨ Rjxq ev®ú `vqx bq A. wkwkiv¼ B. Av`ª©Zv
C. Rjxq ev‡®úi NbZ¡ ï®‹ Nb‡Z¡i †P‡q †ewk C. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv D. cig Av`ª©Zv Ans A
D. Rjxq ev®ú ï®‹ evqy A‡cÿv nvjKv Ans D 09. GKwU •KwkK bj‡K wMømvwi‡b Wyev‡jÑ [wm. †ev. 2015]
07. ï®‹ I Av`ª© evjyi nvB‡MÖvwgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AvenvIqv c~e©vfv‡mi Rb¨ wb‡Pi i. KvP I wMømvwi‡bi ¯úk© †KvY m~² †KvY nq
†KvbwU mwVK? [wm.‡ev 2021] ii. Zij c„ô AeZ‡j AvKvi aviY K‡i
A. _v‡g©vwgUvi `ywUi cv‡Vi cv_©K¨ bv _vK‡j evZvm m¤úK…Z Av‡Q iii. KvP I wMømvwi‡bi ¯úk© †KvY ¯’~j †KvY nq
B. _v‡g©vwgUvi `ywUi cv‡Vi cv_©K¨ Kg n‡j AvenvIqv ï®‹ _vK‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
C. _v‡g©vwgUvi `ywUi cv‡Vi cv_©K¨ ax‡i `x‡i Kg‡Z _vK‡j S‡oi m¤¢vebv A. i I ii B. i I iii
D. _v‡g©vwgU6vi `ywUi cv‡Vi cv_©K¨ †ewk n‡j AvenvIqv Av`ª© _vK‡e Ans A C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans A
STEP 2 mg„× †ewmK MvwYwZK c‡Ö qvM (MATH) kU©KvU †UKwbK
Concept 1 e‡qj, Pvj©m I Pvcxq m~Î/ Pvc, AvqZb I ZvcgvÎv msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
FORMULA
01. P1V1 = P2V2 (ZvcgvÎv w¯’i); P1 P2
03.  (AvqZb w¯’i);
V1 V 2 T1 T2
02.  (Pvc w¯’i);
T1 T2 P1V1 P2V2
04. = [mgš^q m~Î]
T1 T2
 CONCEPTUAL MATH 
MEx 01 0.755m Pv‡c Ges 15C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 1.25  10–4m3| cÖgvY ZvcgvÎvq I Pv‡c H M¨v‡mi AvqZb KZ n‡e?
P1V1T2 0.755  1.25  10–4  273
V2 = = = 1.18  10–4m3
T1P2 288  0.76
MEx 02 w¯’i DòZvq KZ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb ¯^vfvweK Pv‡c AvqZ‡bi 4 ¸Y n‡e?
PV (1.013  105)  1
= 2.53  104Nm–2
1 1
Pvc, P2 = V =
4
2
MEx 03 GKwU †ejyb‡K 25C ZvcgvÎvq Ge&s 75  10–2m (cvi`) Pv‡c 1  10–3 nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Øviv c~Y© n‡jv, GLb 10C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 75  10–3m
Pv‡c †ejybwU‡K Dwo‡q †Ìqv nj| †ejy‡bi AvqZb KZUv e„w× cv‡e?
PVT 75  10–2  10–3  283
‡ejy‡bi AvqZb e„w×, V = V2 – V1 = = T × 10–3 = 8.49664  10–3
1 1 2
=
1P2 298  75  10–3
MEx 04 w¯’i Pv‡c 270C ZvcgvÎvi 2 Litre evZv‡mi AvqZb 4 Litre Ki‡Z n‡j DËß K‡i †h ZvcgvÎvq wb‡Z n‡e|
V 1 V2 2 4 4  300
=  =  T2 = = 600K = 327C
T1 T2 300 T2 2
 NOW START PRACTICE 
01. T ZvcgvÎvq 1 wjUvi evqy‡K DËß Kiv nj hZ¶Y bv evqyi AvqZb I Pvc wØ¸Y nq| evqyi P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ?
02. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQz cwigvY gy³ evqy‡K aªæe ZvcgvÎvq msbwgZ K‡i AvqZb A‡a©K Kiv nj| P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e?
03. wQwc AvUv GKwU †evZ‡j ¯^vfvweK Pv‡c 270C ZvcgvÎvq wKQz M¨vm Av‡Q| †evZ‡ji ZvcgvÎv 670C DbœxZ Ki‡j M¨v‡mi Pvc KZ?
04. GKwU k³ cv‡Î 00C ZvcgvÎvq wKQz M¨vm iw¶Z Av‡Q KZ ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi Pvc 00C ZvcgvÎvq Pv‡ci GK Z…Zxqvsk n‡e?
05. wbw`©ó f‡ii GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb aªæeK Pv‡c wØ¸Y Kiv nj| hw` M¨v‡mi cÖv_wgK ZvcgvÎv 170C nq Z‡e P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ?
06. †Kvb wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 30°C Pvc w¯’i _vK‡j †Kvb ZvcgvÎvi AvqZb wØ¸b n‡e?
07. GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi bgybvi ZvcgvÎv 200C, hw` bgybvwUi Pvc Ges AvqZb wØ¸Y Kiv nq, Z‡e cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎv KZ?
NOW PRACTICE SOLVE :

P1V1 P2V2 1  1 2  2
01. = ev, = ev, T2 = 4T
T1 T2 T1 T2
02. AvqZb A‡a©K ZvB Pvc wØ¸Y| (e‡q‡ji m~Îvbymv‡i) P2 = 2P = 2x1.01  105 = 2.02  105Nm-2
P1V1 1.01  105  1
A_ev, P1V1 = P2V2  P2 = = 2.02  105 Nm–2
V2 1
2
P1 P2 1.012325  10 5
P2
03. = ev, = = ev, P2 = 1.1485  105 Nm–2
T1 T2 300 340
1
1 273 P1 P2 1 3
04. Pvc ZvB ZvcgvÎv T2 = = 91K A_ev = ev, = ev, T2 = 91K
3 3 T1 T2 273 T2
05. T2 = 2T1 = 2(273 + 17) = 2  290 = 580 K = 307C
V1 V2 1 2
06. = ev, = ev, T2 = 606k = 333C
T1 T2 303 T2
P1V1 P2V2 p.v 2p.2v
07. = = =  T2 = 899C
T1 T2 (20 + 273) T2

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION 07. w¯’i Pv‡c 270C ZvcgvÎvi 2 Litre evZv‡mi AvqZb 4 Litre Ki‡Z n‡j
DËß K‡i †h ZvcgvÎvq wb‡Z n‡e [DU. 02-03; JU. 14-15]
01. GKwU Av`k© M¨vm Gi bgybvi ZvcgvÎv 20°C, hw` bgybvwUi Pvc Ges
A. 540C B. 2370C C. 3000C D. 3270C
AvqZb wØ¸b Kiv nq,Z‡e cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎv KZ? [DU. 13-14] V1 V2 2 4
A. 20°C B. 80°C C. 900°C D. 1200°C = ev, = ev, T2 = 600 K = 327C
T1 T2 300 T2
bgybvi Pvc Ges AvqZb wØ¸b Kiv n‡q‡Q| cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎv
T2 =? STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION
T2 = 22T1 = 4(273+20) = 4293 = 1172k = 899°C 01. GKwU e¯‘i fi evZv‡m 100 gm I A¨vj‡Kvn‡j 84 gm| A¨vj‡Kvn‡ji
= 900°C (KvQvKvwQ) NbZ¡ 0.8gm/cc n‡j e¯‘i AvqZb KZ? [JU-A, Set-C. 20-21]
02. wbw`©ó f‡ii GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb aªæe Pv‡c wØ¸Y Kiv n‡jv| hw` A. 8 cc B. 10 cc C. 20 cc D. 8.4 cc
M¨v‡mi cÖv_wgK ZvcgvÎv 13C nq Z‡e P‚ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? m1 m2
S Blank info 1 = V ; 2 = V  m1 = V1; m2 = V2
[DU. 04-05; JNU. 10-11]
A. 299C B. 399C C. 499C D. 199C m1–m2 100 – 84
m1 – m2 = V1 – V2 =V(1–2)  V = = = 100cc
Pvc w¯’i _vK‡j ZvcgvÎv, 1–2 1 – 0.84
V 02. 0C ZvcgvÎvi †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc 3103 Pa n‡j 60C ZvcgvÎvq Gi
T2 = 2  T1 = 2  (13 + 273) = 572 K = 299˚C Ans.
V1 Pvc KZ n‡e? [JU. 13-14]
03. mgPv‡c I 170C ZvcgvÎvq 2 wjUvi AvqZb‡K 3 wjUvi Kivi Rb¨ A. 3.66105 Pa B. 3.85105 Pa
ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e? [DU. 08-09] C. 3.00106 Pa D. 3.66103 Pa
0 0 0 0
A. 100 C B. 152 C C. 162 C D. 255 C Pvc, P2 = T2  P1 = 333  (3  103) = 3.66  103 Pa
V1 V2 2 3 T1 273
= ev, = ev, T2 = 435k ev, T2 = 162C
T1 T2 290 T2 03. 270C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvb M¨vm nVvr cÖmvwiZ n‡q w`¸b AvqZb
04. GK evqygÛjxq Pv‡c GKwU Av`k© M¨vm‡K DËß K‡i 0.01m3 AvqZb e„w× jvf K‡i| P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? [JU. 12-13]
Kiv n‡jv| G‡Z m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY [DU. 08-09] A. 45 B. 46 C. – 45.84 D. 45.64
A. 7.610-3 J B. 76 J C. 110-2 J D. 1103 J V –1
T1 V–1 = T2 V 2 ev, T2 =  1  T1
–1
W = PV = 101325  0.01 = 1.013  10 J 3

V2
05. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQy cwigvY ï®‹ evqy‡K m‡gvò cÖwµqvq msbwgZ 1.4–1
=  
1
 300 = 227.357 K = – 45.64C
K‡i AvqZb A‡a©K Kiv n‡jv| P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e? [DU. 00-01] 2
A. 4.0410–2 Nm–2 B. 2.20 Nm–2 04. M¨v‡mi AvqZb ¸YvsK 6103 N/m3 M¨v‡mi AvqZb 10% Kgv‡Z n‡j wK
5 –2 5 –2
C. 4.0410 Nm D. 2.0210 Nm cwigvb AwZwi³ Pv‡c cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e? [JU. 12-13]
V1
m‡gvò cÖwµqvq, P2 =  P1 A. 300 N/m B. 400 N/m C. 1000 N/m D. 600 N/m2
2 2 2
V2
= 2  1.01  105 = 2.02  105 Nm–2 P=610310% = 600N/m2
5 –2
06. T ZvcgvÎvq GK wjUvi evqy‡K DËß Kiv n‡jv hZ¶Y bv ch©šÍ evqyi AvqZb 05. 0˚C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc 310 Nm n‡j 60˚C ZvcgvÎvi Pvc
Ges Pvc wØ¸Y n‡jv| evqyi P‚ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? [DU. 95-96] KZ n‡e? [JU. 09-10]
A. T/2 B. T/4 C. 2T D. 4T A. 30.66105 Pa B. 33.6105 Pa C. 3.66105 Pa D. †KvbwUB bq
P 1V 1 P 2V 2 V2 P 2 T 60 + 273
=  T2 =   T1 = 2  2  T = 4T P2 = 2 P1 =  3  105 = 3.66 105 Pa
T1 T2 V1 P 1 T1 0 + 273
06. cvi‡ì 0.755m Pv‡c Ges 15C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 1.25  08. 0˚C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc 310 Pa n‡j 91˚C ZvcgvÎvq Dnvi
5
10–4 m3| cÖgvY ZvcgvÎvq I Pv‡c H M¨v‡mi AvqZb n‡e- [JU. 09-10] Pvc KZ n‡e? [RU. 08-09]
A. 1.210–4 m3 B. 1.1810–4 m3 A. 3.66105 Pa B. 4105 Pa
C. 1.1010–4 m3 D. 1.1710–4 m3 C. 2.25105 Pa D. 6105 Pa
T 91 + 273
P1V1 P2V2
= P2 = 2  P1 =  3  105 = 4  105 Pa
T1 T2 T 1 273
P1 T 2 0.755  1.25  10–4  273 STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION
 V2 =   V1 = = 1.1810–4 m3
P2 T 1 288  0.76 01. 10 wjUvi AvqZ‡bi eÜ cv‡Î 300k ZvcgvÎvq 16g Aw·‡Rb †h Pvc
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION cÖ`k©b K‡i, GKB cv‡Î GKB ZvcgvÎvq KZ MÖvg bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ivL‡j GKB
01. Pvj©‡mi m~ÎwU wb‡Pi †Kvb †jLwPÎwU w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq? [RU-C, Set-3. 19-20]
Pvc cÖ`k©b Ki‡e? [GST-A. 20-21]
A. 14 B. 16 C. 18 D. 32
P V P V
A. P B. V
C. T
D. V S A info 1 1
= 2 2
 n1 = n2
n1T1 n2T2
V P V T m m 16 m
Pvj©‡mi m~Î : V  T [P w¯’i]  1 = 2  = 2  m2 = 14 [P1= P2, V1 = V2, T1 = T2]
M1 M2 32 28
Avgiv Rvwb, mKj mgvYycvwZK MÖvd g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLv Ges mKj
e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK MÖvd AvqZvKvi Awae„Ë ev eµ‡iLv|
02. mgPv‡c 15C ZvcgvÎvq 200cm3evqy‡K 65C ZvcgvÎvq DVv‡bv n‡j- JnU
AvqZb KZ cm n‡e? 3
[RU. 16-17] 01. GK evqy gÛjxq Pv‡ci mgvb n‡jv- [JnU. 07-08]
A. 432.72 B. 342.72 C. 234.72 D. 334.72 A. 1 kPa B. 102 kPa C. 300 kPa D. 500 kPa
PV 102 kPa
= Constant  V  T 02. cvi‡ì 0.755 Pv‡c Ges 150C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb 1.25104 m3
T
T 338
cÖgvb ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c H M¨v‡mi AvqZb n‡e? [JnU. 06-07]
 V 2 = 2  V1 =  200 = 234.72 cm3 A. 1.1104m3 B. 1.18104m3 C. 1.10104m3 D. 1.17 104m3
T1 288
P1V1 P2V2
03. Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ 0.8 wewkó GKwU KwVb c`v‡_©i evZv‡m IRb 120 MÖvg =
T1 T2
cvwb‡Z Dnvi IRb KZ? [RU. 16-17]
P1V1T2 0.755  1.25  104  288
A. 96 MÖvg B. 99.50 MÖvg C. 98.95 MÖvg D. 98.50 MÖvg ev, V2 = = = 1.18104m3
T1P2 273  0.76
evZv‡m KwVb c`v‡_©i IRb = KwVb c`v‡_©i Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ KU
 cvwbi IRb = 0.8 120= 96 gm 01. †Kvb wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 30°C Pvc w¯’i _vK‡j †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq
04. 5gCO2 M¨v‡mi N.T.P ‡Z AvqZb KZ? [RU.15-16] AvqZb wØ¸Y n‡e? [KU. 13-14]
A. 197.12L B. 2.545L C. 0.255L D. 1.971L A. 636°C B. 663°C C. 366°C D. 333°C
CO2 Gi AvYweK fi = 12 + 32 = 44L T2 = 2(273+ 30) = 2303 = 606K = 333°C
44g Gi AvqZb = 22.4 liter 02. 27°C ZvcgvÎvi GKwU Uvqvi‡K cv¤ú Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Zvi Pvc 2 evqygÛjxq
22.4 22.4  5 Pv‡ci mgvb nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †mwU †d‡U †Mj| P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ?
1g Gi AvqZb = 5g Gi AvqZb = = 2.5454L
44 44 [ = 1.4] [KU. 13-14]
05. 27C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨vm bgybvi AvqZb-Pvc ¸Ydj hZ, Zv wØ¸Y A. 44.3°C B. 22.3°C C. 33.3°C D. 11.3°C
1– 1–
Ki‡Z KZ ZvcgvÎv cÖ‡qvRb? 
†d‡U hvIqvi ci
[RU. 13-14] S Blank info T1P1 = T2P2  ;
Pvc, p1 = 1 atm
A. 54C B. 327 K C. 300 K D. 327C 1–
T1 = T 2   
p2
P 1V 1 P 2V 2 V2 P 2
T1
=
T2
 T2 =   T1
V1 P 1
p1
1 – 1.4
= 300   1.4 = 246 K = –26.9C

2
= 2  (27 + 273) = 600K = 327C Ans.
06. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq 105 Nm–2 Pv‡c wbw`©ó f‡ii wKQz M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.002 1
–2
[RU. 12-13; KU. 03-04] PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
3 5
m , 410 Nm Pv‡c M¨vmwUi AvqZb KZ?
3 3 3
A. 0.0003 m B. 0.004 m C. 0.0005 m D. 0.0007 m3 SUST
P1V1 10  0.002
5
P1V1 = P2V2 ev, V2 = = = 0.0005 m 3 01. GKwU wmwjÛv‡i Ave× M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 30C †_‡K 100C Kiv n‡j Pvc
P2 4  105 KZ kZvsk †e‡o hv‡e? [SUST. 13-14; g.†ev 2021]
07. GKwU Aw·‡Rb wmwjÛv‡ii AvqZb 5  105 c.c Ges G‡Z cÖ_‡g 250 A. 19 B. 23 C. 30 D. 33 e) 70
evqygÛjxq Pv‡c Aw·‡Rb fwZ© wQj| wKQyUv eënv‡ii d‡j †`Lv †Mj Pvc P1 P2 P P2 373
= ev, = ev, P2 = =1.231
100 evqygÛjxq Pv‡c †b‡g †M‡Q| eëüZ Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvb evqygÛjxq T1 T2 303 373 303
Pv‡c KZ? [RU. 10-11]
 Pvc e„w× cv‡e = 1.23 – 1.00 = 0.23 = 23%
02. GKwU wmwjÛv‡i 2 atm Pv‡c 27C ZvcgvÎvq 5L evZvm ivLv Av‡Q| Lye
A. 7  10 C.C B. 10m
5 3
C. 750m 3
D 0.75  10 cc
8
ax‡i ax‡i evZv‡mi Pvc wØ¸b Kiv n‡j evZv‡mi ZvcgvÎv Ges AvqZb
p1v1 250  5  105
p1v1 = p2v2  v2 = = = 12.5  105 cc n‡e- [SUST. 10-11]
p2 100
A. 3L, 95C B. 3.5L, 25C C. 1.5L, 28C D. 2.5L, 27C
eëüZ M¨v‡m = (12.5 – 5)  105 = 7.5  105 cc (100 atm Pv‡c) P V
1 1 = P V
2 2 ev, 1  5 = 2V 2
7.5  105  100 P1V1 P2V2 1  5 2  2.5
1 evqy gÛjxq Pv‡c AvqZb = = 7.5  107 cc V2 = 2.5 Liter T1 = 300K T = T ev, 300 = T
1 1 2 2
= 0.75  108 cc C = T2
JUST 1
=  10–2 (2.5  105 – 1.3  105) = 0.4811 m3
01. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡ci †Kvb M¨vm‡K Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kivq AvqZb A‡a©K 8.314  300
n‡q †Mj| P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ? [JUST. 15-16] eëüZ Aw·‡R‡bi fi = 0.4811  32 = 15.39 g = 0.0154 kg
A. 2.64 atm B. 1 atm C. 2 atm D. 0.38 atm E. 3.48 atm STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION
PyovšÍ Pvc P2 = 1  2 = 2atm MAT
0
MBSTU 01. 20 C ZvcgvÎvq 80kPa Pv‡c GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb
01. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq ‡Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb ¯^vfvweK Pv‡ci AvqZ‡bi 4 ¸Y Kivi 3 0 3
0.25 m | 20 C ZvcgvÎvq D³ M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.50 m n‡j M¨vmwUi
Rb¨ KZ cwigvb Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e? [MBSTU. 15-16] Pvc KZ n‡e? [MAT. 13-14]
A. 25.325103Nm–2 B. 253.25103m–2 A) 20kPa B. 40kPa C. 50kPa D. 60kPa
C. 253.25103Nm–1 D. 2.51010Nm–1 P1V1 = P2V2 , [T1 = T2]
P1V1 = P2V2 ev, 80 × 0.25 = P2  0.5 ev, P2 = 40kPa
ev, P2 = P1V1 = 1.03  10  1 = 25.325  103 Nm–2
5
v2 4
PSTU 01. 100C ZvcgvÎvq 20g Aw·‡Rb GKwU 20 cm •`‡N©ï NbK‡K c~Y© K‡i|
01. w¯’i AvqZ‡bi GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi cÖ‡Z¨KwU AYyi fi A‡a©K Ges ‡eM 1 †gvj Aw·‡R‡bi fi 32 gm. Nb‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡i Aw·‡R‡bi Pvc KZ?
[Xv. †ev. 2015]
wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j Avw` I ‡kl Pv‡ci AbycvZ n‡e- [PSTU. 15-16]
A. 7800 kPa B. 242 kPa C. 65 kPa D. 12 kPa
A. 2 B. 0.5 C. 0.25 D. 4
m
P1 m1 C12 P1 2 12 2 PV = RT
=  ev, P = 1  2 = 4 = 0.5 m
P2 m2 C2 2
m 20 × 8.31 × 373
P= RT = = 242 kPa
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION mv 32 × (0.2)3
KUET 02. wb‡Pi †Kvb †jLwPÎwU e‡qj Gi m~‡Îi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR¨? [iv.‡ev 2021]
PV PV P P
01. 30C ZvcgvÎvq wKQz cwigvb ï®‹ evqy‡K AvKw¯§Kfv‡e AvqZ‡bi A‡a©‡K
msKzwPZ Kiv nj|P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? [=1.4] [KUET. 14-15] A. V B. V C. V D. V
A. 122.9C B. 410K C. 126.81C D. 395.6K E. 127C Ans B
v1 –1 v –1  wb‡Pi DÏxcK Abymv‡i 03 I 04 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
 T2 = T1    = 303   
–1 –1 [iv. †ev. 2016]
T1V1  T2V2
v2 v
2
= 303  20.4 = 399.18K  395.6K
Note: AvKw¯§Kfv‡e ZvB ey×Zvcxq|
02. 00C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó M¨vm‡K nVvr cÖmvwiZ K‡i AvqZ‡b wØ¸Y Kiv
n‡jv| P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? (  1 =1.4) [KUET. 11-12]
Dc‡ii †jLwP‡Î wbw`©ó cwigvY Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î PV ebvg P †jLwPÎ
A. –88.25C B. – 166.13C C. –66.104C D. 88.25 †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
T1V 1 = T2V 2 ev, T2 =    T1
–1 –1 v1 –1
03. ‡jLwPÎwU †Kvb m~Î‡K mg_©b K‡i?
v2 A. e‡q‡ji B. Pvj©‡mi C. Pv‡ci D. †Kjwfb
=
11.4–1
2  273 = 206.895 K = – 66.104C
1
†jLwPÎ †_‡K cvB, PV = aªæeK A_©vr P  V hv e‡q‡ji m~Î|
0
03. 10 C ZvcgvÎvq 1 wjUvi evqy‡Z Zvc †Ìqv nj †h ch©šÍ Zvi Pvc I myZivs †jLwPÎwU e‡q‡ji m~Î‡K mg_©b K‡i|
AvqZb wØ¸b bv nq| evqyi P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki| [KUET. 07-08]
04. A I B we›`y‡Z M¨v‡mi AvqZ‡bi AbycvZ
A. 283 K B. 566 K C. 8149 K D. 1132K E. 1415K A. 1 t 1 B. 1 t 2 C. 1 t 3 D. 2 t 1
T1 = 273+10 = 283  T2 = 283  2  2 = 1132K = 859°C
A we›`y‡Z, PAVA = 200  1 × 105 × VA = 200
RUET  VA = 2 × 10–3 m3
01. GKwU cv‡Î 00C ZvcgvÎvq wKQz M¨vm iw¶Z Av‡Q| KZ ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi B we›`y‡Z, PBVB = 200  1 × 105 × VB = 200  VB = 2 × 10–3 m3
Pvc 00C ZvcgvÎvi Pv‡ci GK Z…Zxqvsk n‡e? VA 2 × 10–3 m3
 = =2:1
[RUET. 12-13,JU-A. 20-21] VB 1 × 10–3 m3
A. 91K B. 81K C. 73K D. 83K 05. w¯’i AvqZ‡b 1atm Pv‡ci †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 0C evov‡j cwiewZ©Z
273
T2 = = 91K Pvc n‡e- [w`.‡ev 2021]
3 A. 0.00366atm B. 1atm C. 1.00366atm D. 2atm
CUET Po 1×0
01. GKwU wmwjÛv‡i iw¶Z Aw·‡Rb M¨vm Gi AvqZb 1  10–2m3 ZvcgvÎv P = Po + =1+  P = 1atm
273 273
5 -2
300K Ges Pvc 2.510 Nm . ZvcgvÎv w¯’i †i‡L wKQz Aw·‡Rb †ei 3
K‡i †bqv nj| d‡j Pvc K‡g 1.3105 Nm-2 nq| eëüZ Aw·‡R‡bi fi 06. 2 †gvj M¨v‡mi Rb¨ Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY n‡e †KvbwU? [Kz.‡ev 2021]
wbY©q Ki? [CUET. 11-12] 1 PV 2

A. 3PV = 2RT B. 2PV = RT C. 2PV = 3RT D. =
A. 0.18kg B. 0.015 kg C. 0.018 kg D. None of them 3 RT 3
eëüZ M¨vm = R  T1 1 – T2 2 = RT (P1V1 – P2V2)
1 PV PV 1 3 3
PV = nRT  PV = RT [n = ]  2PV = 3RT
1 2 2 2
5
07. 1atm Pv‡c I 37C ZvcgvÎvq 32g Aw·‡R‡bi AvqZb KZ? [R = 08. 0C DòZvq †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi M¨v‡mi Pvc 310 Pa n‡j 60C
8.314J mol–1K–1] [wm.‡ev 2021] DòZvq Gi Pvc KZ n‡e? [wm. †ev. 2016]
A. 0.003m3 B. 0.025m 3 A. 3.66105Pa B. 2.45105Pa
5
C. 0.2710 Pa D. 0.40105Pa
C. 0.097m3 D. 0.814m3 P1 P2 P1 3 × 105
nRT 2  8.314  310 =  P2 = × T 2 = × 333
T1 T2 T1 273
PV = nRT; V = = = 0.025m3
P 1.01  105  P2 = 3.66 × 105 Pa
Concept 2 n«‡ì ev cyKz‡ii MfxiZv wbY©q msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
(n - 1)P
FORMULA 01. eyèy‡ì AvqZ‡bi ¸Y †Ìqv _vK‡j: Rjvk‡qi MfxiZv h = GLv‡b, n = AvqZb hZ ¸Y | A_ev h  (n  1) 10.2
g
(n2  1)P
02. eyèy‡ì c„ôZ‡ji †ÿÎd‡ji ¸Y †Ìqv _vK‡j: h = GLv‡b, n = †ÿÎdj hZ ¸Y nq A_ev h = (n2  1)  10.2
g
(n 3 - 1)P
03. eyèy‡ì e¨v‡mi/e¨vmv‡a©i ¸b †Ìqv _vK‡j: h = GLv‡b, n = e¨vm ev e¨vmva© hZ ¸b| A_ev h  (n 3  1)  10.2
g
5 –2
Model Example01 ‡Kv‡bv n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvq GKwU evqy eyèy` AvqZ‡b cuvP¸Y nq| evqygÛ‡ji Pvc 10 Nm n‡j ü‡ì MfxiZv KZ?
General Rules [Written] 3 in 1 Shortcut Tricks & Tips [MCQ]
GLv‡b, n«‡ì Zj‡`‡ki eyèy‡ì AvqZb, V1 = V h = (n – 1)  10.2
n«‡ì c„‡ô eyèy‡ì AvqZb, V2 = 5V  h = (5 – 1)  10.2
cvwbi NbZ¡,  = 103kgm3 = 40.82
wfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8ms2
n«‡ì MfxiZv, h =?
aiv hvK, n«‡ì Zj‡`‡ki Pvc, p1 ü‡ì c„ô‡`‡k Pvc,
p2 = evqygÛ‡ji Pvc = 105Nm2
p1 = evqygÛ‡ji Pvc + h MfxiZvq cvwbi Pvc = p2 + hpg
GLb Avgiv Rvwb, p1V1 = p2V2  (p2 + hg) V = p2  5V
4p2 4  105Nm2
 hg = 4p2  h = = 3 = 40.82m
g 10 kgm3  9.8ms2
5 -2
Model Example02 ‡Kvb n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvq GKwU eyèy‡ì e¨vm wØ¸Y nq| n«‡ì c„‡ô evqygÛ‡ji Pvc 10 Nm n‡j n«‡ì MfxiZv KZ?
GLv‡b, h = (n 1)  10.2
3
n«‡ì Zj‡`‡k eyèy‡ì AvqZb, v1 = (23 – 1)  10.2 = 7  10.2 = 71.4

cvwbi DcwiZ‡j eyèy‡ì AvqZb, v2
cvwbi NbZ¡,  = 1  103kgm3
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8ms2
n«‡ì MfxiZv, h =?
evqygÛ‡ji ¯^vfvweK Pvc, P2 = 105 Nm2
Avgiv Rvwb,
4 3 4 d3 4 3  3
V= r =  = d = d = Kd3  V  d3  V2 = 8V1
3 3 2 24 6
myZivs e¨vm wØ¸Y n‡j AvqZb 8 ¸Y n‡e|
g‡bKwi, n«‡ì Zj‡`‡k Pvc= P1
Ges n«‡ì c„‡ô Pvc – P2 P1 = P2 + hg
Avgiv Rvwb, P1V1 = P2V2 ev, (P2 + hg) V = P2V2 = P2  8V
ev, hg = 8P2 – P2 = 7P2
7P2 7  105
h= = = 72.01m = 71.4 m
g 1  103  9.8

01. ‡Kvb n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvq GKwU evqy eyèy‡ì e¨vm 1.5 ¸Y nq| n«‡ì c„‡ô evqygÛ‡ji Pvc ¯^vfvweK evqygÛjxq Pv‡ci mgvb Ges
n«‡ì DòZv aªæeK n‡j n«‡ì MfxiZv KZ?
02. ‡Kvb n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvi mgq evZv‡mi eyèy` AvqZ‡b wØ¸Y nq| evqygÛ‡ji Pvc 105Nm-2 n‡j, n«‡ì MfxiZv KZ?
03. †Kvb n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K c„‡ô Avmvi d‡j GKwU evZv‡mi eyèy‡ì AvqZ‡b mvZ¸b n‡q hvq| n«‡ì c„‡ô evqygÛ‡ji Pvc 105Nm-2 n‡j n«‡ì MfxiZv KZ?

01. v  d3  n = 1.53
(n – 1)  P (1.53 – 1)  (1.013  105)
 n«‡ì MfxiZv, h = = = 24.55m
9800 9800
ASPECT SPECIAL: h = (n – 1)  10.2= (1.5 – 1)  10.2 = 24.23m
3 3
02. h = ( 2 –1)  10.2 = 10.2;

03. h  (7 1) 10.2  61.2m

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION
01. ‡Kvb GKwU n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi Dcwi Z‡j Avmvq GKwU eyèy`
JUST
AvqZ‡b cuvP¸b nq| evqy gÛ‡ji Pvc Ges cvwbi NbZ¡ h_vµ‡g
01 . nª ‡ ì Zj‡`‡k †_‡K c„ ó‡`‡k Avmvq GKwU evqy eyèy`‡ì e¨vm wØ¸Y nq|
105 N/m2 Ges 103 kg – m–3 n‡j n«‡ì MfxiZv KZ? g = 9.8ms–2 5 2-
[DU. 10-11, KU. 10-11, 05-06, JUST. 15-16] n«v‡ì c„‡ô evqygÛjxq Pvc 10 Nm n‡j n«‡ì MfxiZv KZ?
A. 40.8m B. 10.2m [JUST. 15-16]
C. 51m D. 49m A. 63.59m B. 54.89m C. 48.37 m
MfxiZv, h = (n  1) 10.2 = (5  1)  10.2 (n = 5) D. 71.43m E. 81.43m
= 4  10.2 = 40.8m MfxiZv h = (n3–1)10.2 = (8–1)10.2 = 71.4
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION
01. 4200 m DuPz GKwU RjcÖcv‡Zi Zj‡`k I kxl©‡`‡ki g‡a¨ ZvcgvÎvi eëavb STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
KZ n‡e hw` cZbkxj cvwbi mg¯Í kw³B ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z e¨q nq| [JU.15-16] 01. GKwU eyèy` n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K Dcwic„‡ô D‡V Avmvq Gi AvqZb AvU¸Y
A. 20C B. 9.8C nq| evqygÛ‡ji Pvc H wgUvi D”PZvq cvwb¯Í‡¤¢i Pv‡ci mgvb n‡j n«‡ì
C. 15.6C D. †KvbwUB bq MfxiZv KZ? [h. †ev. 2016]
h 4200 A. H B. 3 H C. 5 H D. 7 H
 = = = 9.8°C h = (n – 1) H = 7H
428.6 428.6
Concept 3 Av`k© M¨vm msµvšÍ
01. Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY: PV = nRT = RT hLb n = 
m m
FORMULA
M  M
n2a
02. f¨vbWviIqvjm Gi ms‡kvab P + 2  (V – nb) = nRT [a I b aªæeK]
 V
R
03. †evëRg¨vb aªæeK: k = [N = A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªvi msL¨v]
NA A
MEx 01 18gm wnwjqvg M¨vm c~Y© †ejy‡bi AvqZb 0.10m3| †ejy‡bi wfZi M¨v‡mi Pvc 1.2105Nm–2 †ejy‡bi gaëZx© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv-
PVM 1.2  10  0.1  4
5
m
PV = RT ev, T = = = 320.9K
M mR 18  8.316

01. 20°C DòZvq 740mm Pv‡c 400ml AvqZ‡bi †Kvb M¨v‡mi fi 0.842g| M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi-

m mRT 0.842  0.0821  293  760  1000
01. pv = RT ev, M = = ev, M = 52
M pv 740  400

DU Technology
STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION
01. Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq k~b¨ nq? [DU-Tech.19-20]
01. GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv T n‡Z e„w× K‡i 2T Kiv n‡j †Kvb ivwkwU A. –273K B. 0C
wØ¸Y n‡e? [RU. 17-18] C. 30F D. 0K
A. AYy¸wji Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j B. AYy¸wji Mo †e‡Mi eM© – 273C ev 0 K ev cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi AvqZb
C. AYy¸wji MwZkw³ D. AYy¸wji Mo eM©‡eM MwZkw³ k~b¨ nq|
M¨v‡mi MwZ kw³, E = 32 nRT; E  T
[RU.15-16] STEP 03
ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
02. cÖgvb Ae¯’vq 2.2 g CO2 M¨v‡mi AvqZb †KvbwU?
A. 1.12 L B. 0.12 L CKRuet. Combind
C. 2.12L D. 3.12 L 3
01. 30C ZvcgvÎvq 150m AvqZ‡bi K‡ÿ GKwU cvwbi cvÎ ivLv Av‡Q| KZUzKz
CO2 Gi AvYweK fi = 44 MÖvg
44 MÖvg CO2 Gi AvqZb = 22.4 L cvwb ev®ú nIqvi ci Aewkó cvwb I ev®ú mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡e? [30C
22.4 ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc 31.83 mm Hg Pvc] [CKRUET. 2020-21]
1 MÖvg CO2 Gi AvqZb = L
44 A. 1.1kg B. 3.03 kg C. 4.32 kg
22.4  2.2 D. 4.55 kg E. 4.55 gm
 2.2 MÖvg CO2 Gi AvqZb = = 1.12L
44 cvwb I ev‡®úi mvg¨ve¯’vq,
03. GKwU †Lvjv wjUvi d¬v‡¯‹ 27C ZvcgvÎvq 1.32103 kg evqy Av‡Q| 97C ev‡®úi AvqZb, V = 150m3, ev‡®úi Pvc, P = 31.83 mm Hg =
ZvcgvÎvq d¬v¯‹ n‡Z Kx cwigvY evqy †ei n‡q hv‡e? [RU. 13-14]
–3 –4
4243.65 Pa, ZvcgvÎv, T = 30C = 303K
A. 3.310 kg B. 3.310 kg
PV 4243.65 × 150
C. 2.510-4kg D. 2.510–3kg  ev‡®úi †gvj msL¨v, n =
RT
=
8.314 × 303
= 252.68 = cvwbi
m 1
PV = RT ; mα †gvj msL¨v
M T
T
 m2 = 1  m1 =
300
 1.32  10–3 = 1.07  10–3 kg
 ev®úxf~Z cvwbi fi, W = nM = (252.68 × 18)g = 4548.32g
T2 97 + 273 = 4.55 kg [1 †gvj cvwbi fi = 18g]
 d¬v¯‹ n‡Z AcmvwiZ evqy = 1.32  10–3 kg – 1.07  10–3 kg
= 2.5  10-4kg STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION MAT
01. cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv n‡”Q FYvZ¥K- [MAT; 19-20]
PART A Analysis of Science & Technology Question
A. 273.45 B. 273.25C C. 273.15C D. 273.35C
SUST †h ZvcgvÎvq w¯’i Pv‡c †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi AvqZb
01. 18gm wnwjqvg M¨vm c~Y© †ejy‡bi AvqZb 0.10m3| †ejy‡bi wfZi M¨v‡mi k~b¨ nq Ges MwZkw³ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †jvc cvq Zv‡K cigk~b¨ ZvcgvÎv e‡j|
Pvc 1.2105Nm-2 ‡ejy‡bi gaëZx© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv- [SUST. 03-04]
Gi gvb – 273.15C ev 0 K|
A. 320.9 K B. 321.9 K
C. 319.5 K D. 322.5K
m
PV = RT
M 01. 27˚C ZvcgvÎvq 4g Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi †gvU MwZkw³- [iv. †ev. 2015]
1.2  105  0.1  4 A. 116.86 J B. 207.75 J
ev T = PVM = = 320.9K
mR 18  8.316 C. 467.44 J D. 1498 J
3 3 4
BSMRSTU Ek = nRT  Ek = × ×8.31×300 = 467.44 J
2 2 32
01. 20°C DòZvq 740mm Pv‡c 400ml AvqZ‡bi †Kvb M¨v‡mi fi 02. GK evqygÐjxq Pvc mgvb- [Kz.‡ev 2021]
–2
0.842g| M¨vmwUi AvYweK fi- [BSMRSTU. 14-15]
5
i. 1.01310 Nm ii. 1.013  10 Pa
5
iii. 760mmHg
A. 50 B. 52
C. 60 D. 80
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
m mRT A. i I ii B. ii I iii
pv = RT ev, M = C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii
M pv
0.842  0.0821  293  760  1000 1 atm = 1.01 × 10 Nm–2
5
= ev, M = 52 = 1.01× 105 Pa = 760 mm Hg = 76 cm Hg
740  400
Concept 4 ZvcgvÎv I g~j MoeM© †eM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

FORMULA
3RT
01. M¨v‡mi g~j Mo eM©‡eM I ZvcgvÎvi m¤úK©: Crms = ;
M
R = †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK = 8.314 J mol–1K–1 ; M = AvYweK fi; R = 0.0821 Latm mol–1k–1
3KT R C1 T1
Avevi, Crms = ; K = AbycÖwZ M¨vmaªæe‡Ki gvb = = 1.38  10–23JK–1; m = cÖwZwU AYyi fi  Crms  T  =
m NA C2 T2
3P 3PV
02. M¨v‡mi g~j Mo eM©‡eM I Pv‡ci m¤úK©: Crms = ; Crms = ; P = M¨v‡mi Pvc;  = M¨v‡mi NbZ¡
 m
T2
ASPECT SPECIAL: (i) g~jMo eM©‡eM e„w×, crms = – 1 (ii) T2 = n2.T1
T1
MEx 01 0C ZvcgvÎvq O2 AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM wbY©q Ki? 27C ZvcgvÎvq Gi gvb KZ?
3RT 3  8.31  273 T27 300
C0 = = = 461.18m/s;  C27  C0 =  461.18 = 483.44m/s.
M 32  10–3 T0 273
–27
MEx 02 GKwU wiG±‡i 1.675  10 kg f‡ii wbDUªb KYvi 27C ZvcgvÎvq ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wePiYiZ Ae¯’vq †Kvb Aÿ eivei G‡ì g~j-Mo eM© †eM KZ?
3kT 3  1.38  10–23  300
Crms = = = 2723.7 m/s
m 1.675  10–27
MEx 03 ‡Kvb ZvcgvÎvq nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi g~j MoeM© †eM mvaviY Pvc I ZvcgvGvi g~j MoeM© †e‡Mi wØ¸Y|
GLv‡b, n = hZ ¸b; ‡Kjwf‡b ZvcgvGv †ei Ki‡Z → T2= n2  273K  (22  1) × 273 = 819C = 22  273K = 1092K
ASPECT SPECIAL: wWwMÖ‡Z ZvcgvGv †ei Ki‡Z → T = (n – 1)  273C
2

01. STP-‡Z nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYy¸‡jvi †e‡Mi Mo e‡M©i eM©g~j wbY©q Ki| S. T. P.- †Z nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi NbZ¡ 0.09kgm–3|
02. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb‡K Av`k© a‡i Ges AYy¸wji g~j Mo eM©‡eM 2000 wg./‡m. Ges NbZ¡ 0.09Km/m3 g‡b K‡i M¨v‡mi Pvc †ei Ki|
03. †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi g~j Mo eM©‡eM mvaviY Pv‡c I ZvcgvÎvq g~j Mo eM©‡e‡Mi wØ¸Y n‡e?

3P0 3  (1.013  105) C2 (2000)2  0.09
01. C = = = 1.84kms–1 02. P = = = 1.2  105 N–m–2
 0.09 3 3
03. CT =    T0 = 22  273 = 1092 K
T 2
C0

03. GKwU wmwjÛv‡i ivLv GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi eM©g–j-Mo-eM©‡eM u|
STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION M¨v‡m Zvc cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j Pvc 9 ¸Y e„w× †cj| wmwjÛv‡ii AvqZb AcwiewZ©Z
_vK‡j M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi cwiewZ©Z eM©g~j-Mo-eM©‡eM KZ? [DU. 14-15]
01. †Kv‡bv Av`k© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv †Kjwfb †¯‹‡j 4 ¸Y e„w× †c‡j Zvi
A. 9u B. 6u C. 3u/2 D. 3u
AYy¸‡jvi g~j Mo eM©‡eM KZ ¸Y e„w× cvq? [DU. 20-21]
3P
1 eM©g~j-Mo-eM©‡eM, C = ; C P
A. 4 B.
2 
P2
C. 2 D. 1  C2 =  C1 = 9  u = 3u
P1
†gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK, R Ges †gvjvi fi M aªæeK n‡j, 04. GK †gvj nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Ges GK †gvj Aw·‡R‡bi fi h_vµ‡g 2g Ges 32g n‡j
3RT C2 T2 4T1 nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM
C=
M
C  T C = T1
=
T1
C2 = 2C1 †Kvb GK wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq AbycvZ Aw·‡Rb AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM Gi gvb
1
02. †Kvb Av`k© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv †Kjwfb †¯‹‡j wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j, Zvi AYy¸‡jvi n‡e- [DU. 04-05, 03-04]
rms †eM KZ ¸Y e„w× cvq? [DU.15-16] A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 7
A. 4 B. 2 3RT 1
C. 1.41 D. 0.5 C=  C
M M
3RT nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM CH2 MO 2 32
eM©g–j Mo eM©‡eM, C = Cα T; C2= 2C1=1.41¸Y  Aw·‡Rb AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM = = = =4
M CO 2 MH 2 2
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION 06. w¯’i Pv‡c KZ ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AYyi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j cÖgvY Pvc
01. 27C ZvcgvÎvi M¨vm‡K KZ ZvcgvÎvq †bqv n‡j Mo †eM wØ¸Y n‡e? I ZvcgvÎviMo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~‡ji wØ¸Y n‡e? [RU. 14-15, 15-16, 16-17]
[JU-H, Set-A. 20-21] A. 546K B. 1092K C. 273K D. 2184K
A. 1200K B. 1050K C. 1300K D. 1350K 3RT
eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, C =
3RT C22 T2 M
Crms =  C  T  C2  T  2 =
C  T; T  C2 T1=  1  T2 = 22  273 = 1092 K
M C1 T1 C 2
 T2 = 2  300 = 1200 K [C2 =2C1 
2 C2
= 2 Ges T1 = 300K]
C2
C1
kU© †UKwbK: T2 = n  T1 = 2  300 = 1200 K
2 2 STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION
02. w¯’i Pv‡c †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM cÖgvY Pvc I 01. †Kvb Av`k© M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 120K †_‡K 480K G DbœxZ Kiv nj| hw`
ZvcgvÎvi g~j Mo eM©‡e‡Mi A‡a©K n‡e? [JU-A, Set-A. 19-20] 120K-G g~j Mo eM© †eM v nq Z‡e 480K-G Zv n‡e- [CU. 18-19]
A. 58.20 K B. 68.25 K C. 20.25 K D. 100.20 K v v
A. 4v B. 2v C. D.
3RT 2 4
Avgiv Rvwb g~j Mo eM©‡eM, Crms = M Crms2 480
3RT 3  R  273 1 Crms  T  =  Crms2 = 2v
Crms1 120
 = 
M M 2 02. dzUšÍ cvwb ev‡®ú cwiYZ n‡”Q G Ae¯’vq cvwbi Av‡cw¶K Zvc n‡e-
3RT 3R  273 1 273
 =  T= k = 68.25K [CU. 15-16]
M M 4 4 A. k~b¨ B. GK C. GK Gi †P‡q †QvU
03. 0C ZvcgvÎvq Aw·‡R‡bi g~j Mo eM©‡eM wbY©q Ki| [JU. 17-18]
D. Amxg E. †KvbwUB bq Ans D
A. 560 m/s B. 461 m/s
C. 861 m/s D. 961 m/s 03. 0C ZvcgvÎvq 1kg eid 30C ZvcgvÎv 5 wjUvi cvwbi mv‡_ †gkv‡bv n‡jv|
3  8.314  273
wgkÖ‡Yi †kl ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e? [CU. 15-16]
eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM,C = 3RT = –23 = 461ms–1 A. 11.67C B. 11.68C C. 11.69C D. 11.66C E. 11.65C
M 32  10
04. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi NbZ¡ 0.09 kg m nvB‡Wªv‡Rb –3 m  – 80m1
= 2 2
AYyi Mo eM© ‡e‡Mi eM©g~j KZ? [JU. 11-12] m1 + m2
2 -1 -3 -1 5  30 – 80  1 150 – 80 70
A. 18.3810 ms B. 87.3610 ms ev,  = = = = 11.68C
C. 29.3810 ms2 -1 2
D. 37.3810 ms -1 5 + 1 6 6
04. 00C ZvcgvÎvi Aw·‡R‡bi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM KZ n‡e? [CU. 13-14]
3P 3  1.01325  10 5
C= = = 18.37  102 ms–1 A. 461ms -1
B. 641ms -1
C. 146ms -1
D. 416 m s -1
E . 164 m s-1
 0.09
STEP 03 3RT 3  8.316  273  103
ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION c= = = 461ms–1
M 32
01. n msL¨K M¨v‡mi AYyi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi `ªæwZ 2ms–1| AYy¸‡jvi r.m.s. `ªæwZ
KZ ms–1? [RU. 18-19] STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF DU-7 Clg QUESTION
2 n 2 01. GKwU M¨v‡mi cig ZvcgvÎv Pvi¸Y Kiv n‡j, Gi AYy¸‡jvi g~j Mo
A. B. C. D. 2 eM© ‡ eM KZ n‡e?
n 2 n [DU-7Clg.A.19-20]
n2 2 A. AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e B. A‡a©K n‡e
Crms = =2 C. Pvi¸Y n‡e D. wØ¸Y n‡e
n
02. 32˚K ZvcgvÎvq Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi R.M.S. †eM KZ? [RU. 17-18] 3RT 4T
A. R B. 6R C. 2R D. 3R Crms =  Crms  T, C2 =  C1 = 2C1
M T
3RT 3  R  32
eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, C = = = 3R STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION
M 32
03. cuvPwU AYyi †eM , 2, 3, 4, 5| AYyM‡jvi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j KZ? PART A Analysis of General University Question
[RU. 17-18]
JnU
A. 11  B.  11 C. / 11 D. 11 01. N.T.P †Z nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYy¸‡jvi g~jMo eM©‡eM wbY©q Ki N.T.P †Z
2 2 2 2
C1 + C2 + C3 + ........ + Cn nvB‡Wªv‡Rb NbZ¡ 0.088 kgm-3 [JnU. 09-10]
eM©g–j Mo eM©‡eM, C =
n A. 1.90 Kms-1 B. 1.84 Kms-1
12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 55 C. 1.88 ms-1 D. 1.86 ms-1
v= v = 11v
5 5 3P 3  1.01325  105
04. RMS †eM- C= = = 1.86ms–1
[RU. 17-18]  0.088
3 8RT 3RT w 02. cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kvb M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi Mo †e‡Mi eM©g~j wbY©q Ki|
A. RT B. C. D. RT Ans C
2 M M M (cÖgvb ZvcgvÎvq Ges Pv‡c M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ 1.4kg/m3 [JnU. 08-09]
05. `ywU K…ò e¯‘i wbM©Z Zvckw³i AbycvZ 16:1| wØZxq e¯‘i ZvcgvÎv 300 k -1 -1
A. 469.1 ms B. 421.2 ms
n‡j, cÖ_g e¯‘i ZvcgvÎv KZ? [RU.15-16]
C. 465.9 ms-1 D. 591.2 ms-1
A. 1200 K B. 1600 K C. 600 K D. 300 K
E1 T1 4 4
3  1.01325  105
ev, 16 =  T1  ev, 2 = T1 ev, T1 = 600K
3P
= C= = = 465.9ms–1
E2 T2 1 300 300  1.4
03. GKwU weKv‡i 60 cm3 cvwb Av‡Q| H cvwb‡Z GKwU 128 g f‡ii avZe 05. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kvb Ave× M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ 0.0892 kg/m3, H
e¯‘ LÛ wbgw¾Z Ki‡j cvwbi AvqZb `vovq 78 cm3| avZe H e¯‘ L‡Ûi M¨v‡mi AYy¸‡jvi g~j Mo eM©‡eM KZ? [SUST. 05-06]
NbZ¡ wbY©q Ki? [JnU. 07-08]
A. 1.846x10 4
m/s B. 0.1846x10 4
m/s
A. 1.6 g/cm3 B. 2.1 g/cm3
C. 7.11 g/cm 3
D. 18.0 g/cm3 C. 0.846x106m/s D. 0.1846x106 m/s
e¯‘i AvqZb v = (78–60) = 18 cm3 3P 3  1.01325  105
C= =
 0.0892
e¯‘i NbZ¡  = m = 128 = 7.11 g/cm3
v 18 = 1.846x10 m/s = 0.1846x104 m/s
3
04. wZbwU M¨vm AYyi †eM n‡”Q 25m/s, 30m/s Ges 35m/s| Zv‡ì g~j Mo
2
eM©‡eM n‡e- [JnU. 06-07] 06. 15 gm f‡ii Ges 30 gm f‡ii `yBwU e¯‘ Gi AvqZ‡bi 7 Ask cvwbi
A. 17.5 m/s B. 30.3 m/s
C. 30 m/s D. 916.7 m/s Dc‡ii w`‡K fv‡m| e¯‘ `yBwUi NbZ¡ KZ? [SUST. 05-06]
252 + 302 + 352 A. 0.714 gm/cc Ges 0.714 gm/cc
= 30. 28ms–1
3 B. 0.714 gm/cc Ges 1.428 gm/cc
CoU C. 1.428 gm/cc Ges 1.428 gm/cc
01. ZvcgvÎv eëavb Kg n‡j †Kvb e¯‘ KZ…©K Zvc nviv‡bvi nvi e¯‘i I D. †KvbwU bq|
cwicv‡k¦©i ZvcgvÎv eëav‡bi- [CoU.15-16] 2 5
A. mgvb B. mgvbycvwZK cvwbi wb‡P wbgw¾Z As‡ki AvqZb = 1 – 7 = 7
C. A‡a©K D. e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans B 5
cÖ_g e¯‘i NbZ¡ = 7 = 0.7143 gm/cc
IU
01. 1 kg cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 1 k e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc- [IU. 15-16] e¯‘ Ø‡qi f‡ii AbycvZ = 15 : 30 = 1 : 2
A. 4.2 J B. 42 J 2q e¯‘i NbZ¡ = 0.714  2 = 1.428 gm/cc
C. 3.36×105 J D. 4200 J Ans D
JUST
PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question 01. 30˚C ZvcgvÎvq wnwjqvg Ges †Rbb M¨v‡mi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM Gi
SUST AbycvZ KZ? [JUST-B, 19-20]
01. †Kvb M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 1000 C ‡_‡K evwo‡q 2000 C Kiv nj| M¨v‡mi Mo A. 1.80 B. 0.16
†eM KZ ¸Y evo‡e? [SUST. 10-11, MBSTU-A, Set-2 19-20] C. 0.17 D. 0.18
A. 1.13 ¸Y B. 1.31 ¸Y Cxe MHe 4
C. 2 ¸Y D. 4 ¸Y = = = 0.17
CHe Mxe 131
C2 T2 473
= ev, C2 = C1 = 1.126 = 1.13 ¸b
C1 T1 373 BSMRSTU
02. 0 C ZvcgvÎvq Aw·‡R‡bi gyjMo eM©‡eM 461 m/s n‡j 1000C
0
ZvcgvÎvq GB †eM KZ n‡e? [SUST. 07-08]

01. 20°C ZvcgvÎvq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi eM©g~j Mo eM© †eM KZ?
A. 539 m/s B. 458 m/s [BSMRSTU. 14-15]
C. 798 m/s D. 4610 m/s A. 1.87103ms–1 B. 7.81103ms–1
C2
=
T2
ev C2
=
373 C. 1.91103ms–1 D. 9.11103ms–1
C1 T1 461 273
3RT 3  8.31  293  1000
ev C2 = 1.168885  461 = 539 ms–1 C=
M
=
2
03. ‡Kv‡bv Ave× M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv 0C †_‡K evwo‡q 273C Kiv n‡j M¨v‡mi
= 1.911  103ms–1
AYy¸‡jvi Mo †eM KZUzKz e„w× cv‡e? [SUST. 06-07]
A. 40% B. 50%
C. 60% D. 100% STEP 07 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
C=
3RT
 Cα T 01. P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv Avw` ZvcgvÎvq KZ ¸Y n‡j †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó M¨v‡mi g~jMo
M eM©‡eM wØ¸Y n‡e? [Xv.‡ev 2021]
 C = C2 – C1=  T2 
C –C A. 2 ¸Y B. 3 ¸Y
 T1 1 1
C. 4 ¸Y D. 9 ¸Y Ans C
=  C1 – C1 = 0.41C1 40%
273 + 273
–3
 273  02. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi NbZ¡ n‡jv 1.25 kgm | Gi g~j
0
04. 23 C ZvcgvÎvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb AYyi eM©g~j Mo eM© MwZ‡eM: [SUST. 05-06] Mo eM© †eM (Crms) n‡jv- [Kz. †ev. 2015]
A. 1.92x105 cms-1 B. 102 ms-1 A. 491.07 ms –1
B. 492.07 ms –1
C. 5.192x104 cms-1 D. 1.92x105 ms-1
C. 493.07 ms–1 D. 495.07 ms–1
3RT 3  8.316  296
C= = = 514ms–1 3P 3 × 1.01 × 105
M 28  10–3 Crms = = = 493.07 ms–1
4 1  1.25
= 5.14x10 cms
Concept 5 M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

FORMULA
3
 n †gvj M¨v‡mi MwZkw³, Ek = nRT; n = †gvj msL¨v (GK cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨)
2 wØ cvigvYweK M¨vm n‡j:
3 5
 1 †gvj M¨v‡mi MwZkw³, Ek = RT; n =1 †gvj| (GK cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨)  n †gvj M¨v‡mi MwZkw³, Ek = 2 nRT
2
3
 M¨v‡mi cÖwZ AYyi Mo MwZkw³, Ek = 2 KT; K = †evjRg¨vb aªæeK| (GK cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨) 5
 cÖwZ AYyi Mo MwZkw³, Ek = 2 KT
1
 Av`k© M¨v‡mi Pv‡ci mgxKiY, PV = 3 mn –c 2
1
 cÖwZ GKK AvqZ‡b Mo MwZkw³, E = 3 c2
2
 GKK AvqZ‡b AYy¸‡jvi M¨v‡mi Pvc, PV = 3 E
MEx 01 : 27 C ZvcgvÎvq 2gm bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi MwZkw³ wbY©q Ki|
0
5 2
Ek=5/2nRT    8.314  300  445.4J
2 28
MEx 02 : 27 C ZvcgvÎvq cÖwZ †gvj wnwjqv‡gi MwZkw³ KZ?
0
Ek=3/2 RT =1.5 RT  1.5  8.314  300  3741.3J

MEx 03 : 27C ZvcgvÎvq 1gm-mol nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Ges 1gm nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi MwZkw³ KZ?
5 5 5 m 3 1
Ek = nRT =  1  8.314  300 = 6235.5 J l Ek =  RT =   8.314  300 = 3117.75J
2 2 2 M 2 2

01. GKwU cv‡Î 27C ZvcgvÎvq wnwjqvg M¨vm Av‡Q| wnwjqvg AYyi Mo MwZkw³ KZ? (†evjRg¨vb aªæeK k = 1.38  10–23J/K)
02. Avgiv k^vm cÖk^v‡m 1.0 wjUvi evqy †meb Ki‡j †gvU KZ¸‡jv AYy †meb K‡i _vwK?
03. ¯^vfvweK Pv‡c 1 wjUvi M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ?
3 3 2 3 3 × 0.76 × 1.6 × 103 × 9.81 × 10–3
01. EK = KT =  1.38  10–23  300 = 6.21  10–21J 03. PV = E  E = PV = = 1.52 × 102 J
2 2 3 2 2
6.023  1023
02. †gvU AYy, N = = 2.7  1022 wU
22.4

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION
01. GKwU KYvi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎvi msL¨v 5 n‡j kw³i mgwefvRb bxwZ Abyhvqx 01. T ZvcgvÎvq Av`k© M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î GKwU AYyi Mo MwZkw³-
KYvwUi †gvU kw³ KZ? [DU. 15-16] [JU. 18-19; DU. 10-11; CU. 15-16]
2 3 3 3
A. kT/2 B. kT A. KT B. KT2 C. KT4 D. KT Ans D
3 2 2 2
C. 3kT/2 D. 5kT/2 0
02. 27 C ZvcgvÎvq 3gm bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi MwZkw³ wbb©q Ki| bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi MÖvg
H2, N2, CO2 BZ¨vw` wØ-cigvYyK M¨vm AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv 5| AvbweK fi = 28 gm| [JU. 10-11]
5 A. 420.66 J B. 440.66 J C. 220.66 J D. 400.66 J
wØ-cigvYyK M¨vm AYyi kw³i cwigvY = 2 kT
3m 3 3
EK = RT =   8.316  300 = 400.66J
02. GKwU cv‡Î 270C ZvcgvÎvq wnwjqvg M¨vm Av‡Q| wnwjqvg AYyi Mo kw³ 2M 2 28
KZ? (†evëRg¨vb aªæeK K=1.3810-23J/K) [DU. 11-12]
-21 -22
A. 6.2110 j B. 5.610 j
-21
01. S.T.P †Z 2 mol Av`k© M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ? (R = 8.31 J mol–1K–1)
C. 1.910 j D. 210-21j
[RU. 17-18]
T = 27 + 273 = 300k
A. 1300 J B. 6806 J C. 2700 J D. 3403 J
3 3
Ek = kT =  1.38  10–23  300 = 6.21  10–21J M¨v‡mi MwZ kw³, E = nRT =  2  8.31  273 = 6806 J
3 3
2 2 2 2
02. 250C ZvcgvÎvq 22g CO2 M¨v‡mi AYymg~‡ni MwZkw³ KZ? [RU. 12-13] STEP 07 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
A. 84.46 j B. 1858.12 j
C. 1558.12 k j D. 84.46 K j 01. 270C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨vm AYyi Mo MwZkw³ 6.2110-21J 2270C
3 m 3 22 ZvcgvÎvq Mo MwZkw³ n‡e [BUET. 04-09]
EK =  RT =   8.316  298 = 1858.6 J -21 -21
2 M 2 44 A. 11.3510 j B. 9.3510 j
03. 25˚C G 4.4 g CO2 AYyi MwZkw³ n‡e- [RU. 11-12] C. 12.3510-21j D. 10.3510-21j
A. 84.46 J B. 371.64 J E2 T 2 500  6.21  10–21
= ev, E2 = = 10.35  10–21J
C. 371.64 K D. 371.64 kJ E1 T 1 300
3 m
CO2 AYyi MwZkw³, E =  RT
2 M STEP 08 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
3 4.4
=   8.314  298 = 371.64 J Ans.
2 44  wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 01 I 02 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION GKwU wmwjÐv‡i 27C ZvcgvÎvq wnwjqvg M¨vm Av‡Q| M¨v‡mi `ywU AYyi
†eM h_vµ‡g 9ms–1 I 10ms–1|
01. 300 K ZvcgvÎvq GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ? [CU-A, Set-2. 20-21]
A. 3500J B. 3741J 01. wnwjqvg AYyi Mo MwZkw³ KZ? [P.‡ev 2021]
C. 3650J D. 3845J A. 6232.5J B. 3739.5J

C. 6.21 × 10–21J D. 10.3510–21J Ans C
3  3
S B info Kinetic Energy: Ek = 2RT = 2  8.31  300  02. AYyØ‡qi Mo eM©‡eM KZ? [P.‡ev 2021]
–1 –1
= 3740J  3741J A. 9.5ms B. 9.51ms
02. 27C ZvcgvÎvq cÖwZ MÖvg AYy wnwjqvg M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ? [CU. 15-16] C. 90.5 m2s–2 D. 181 m2s–2
2 2
[R = 8.3 Jk-1 mol-1]  c1 + c 2 9 + 102
2
c= = = 90.5 m2s–2
A. 3600 J B. 3635 J 2 2
C. 3700 J D. 3735 J 03. Aw·‡Rb M¨v‡mi cÖwZwU AYyi Mo MwZkw³ KZ? [P. †ev., iv. †ev. 2021]
3 3 1 3
Ex = nR = × 8.30 × 300 = 3735J A. KT
2
B. KT
2
2 2
5 7
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF DU-7 Clg QUESTION C. KT D. KT Ans C
2 2
01. P1 Pv‡c †Kv‡bv M¨vm‡K GKwU cv‡Î ivLv n‡jv| hw` †mB M¨vm AYyi fi‡K 04. 30C ZvcgvÎvq 7gm bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M¨v‡mi †gvU MwZkw³ wnmve Ki|
A‡a©K Ges `ªæwZ‡K wØ¸Y Kiv nq, Z‡e PyovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e? [bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi MÖvg AvYweK fi = 28gm ] [P.‡ev. 2019]
[DU. 7Clg-A: 20-21] A. 125.55 J B. 128.62 J
A. P1/2 B. P1 C. 944.22 J D. 14958.00 J
C. 2 P1 D. 4 P1 3 3 7
MN(2c)2 Ek = nRT = ×
2 2 28
× 8.31 × 300 = 944.22 J
1 mNc 2
1 
2
05. 30˚C ZvcgvÎvq cÖwZ MÖvg AYy wnwjqvg M¨v‡mi MwZkw³- [h. †ev. 2016]
P1 = ; A_ev P2 =
3 V 3 v
A. 7544.7 Jmol–1 B. 3772.35 Jmol–1
P2 1
 =  22 = 2  P2 = 2P1 C. 1676.6 Jmol–1 D. 373.5 Jmol–1
P1 2
3
STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION E = × 8.314 × 300 = 3772.35 J mol–1
2
PART A Analysis of Science & Technology Question 06 . ZvcgvÎvq Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î GKwU AYyi Mo MwZkw³-
[wm. †ev. 2017, 2016; w`. †ev. 2015; iv. †ev. 2015]
JUST 1 3 2 3
A. KT B. KT C. KT D. KT2 Ans B
01. 127˚C ZvcgvÎvq 22 MÖvg CO2 M¨v‡mi Abymg~‡ni MwZkw³ KZ n‡e? R 2 2 3 2
[JUST-B, 19-20] 07. 15˚C ZvcgvÎvq cÖwZ MÖvg AYy wnwjqvg M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ? (R = 8.31
–1 –1
= 8.314 Jmol K
A. 791.53 J B. 2493 J C. 249.3 J D. 1246.5 J JK–1 mol–1) [wm. †ev. 2015]
3 3 22 A. 12.47 J B. 1196.64 J C. 3589.92 J D. 7179.84 J
Ek = nRT = × × 8.31 × 400 = 2493J
2 2 44 3 3
E = nRT = × 8.314 × 298 = 3589.92
02. 29˚C ZvcgvÎvq 3g bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi †gvU MwZkw³ KZ Ryj? 2 2
[JUST-A, Set-Ka 19-20] 08. 12 ¯^vaxbZv gvÎvm¤úbœ †Kv‡bv AYyi †gvU kw³ n‡e- [e. †ev. 2017]
A. 323 B. 383 C. 403 D. 423 1 3
A. 6 KT B. KT C. KT D. 12 KT Ans A
†gvU MwZkw³ = 3 nRT = 3 × 3 × 8.31 × 302 = 403 J 2 2
2 2 28
09. ‘h’ D”PZvwewkó Nb‡Ki g‡a¨ m f‡ii Av`k© M¨vm Av‡Q| Zvi wefekw³Ñ
03. 27C ZvcgvÎvq 3g bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi †gvU MwZ kw³ KZ? [JUST. 15-16]
[e. †ev. 2016]
A. 300 J B. 400 J 1 3
C. 500 J D. 600 J E. 700 J A. mgh B. mc2 C. KT D. k~b¨
2 2
3 m 3 3
Ek =  RT =   8.316  300 = 467.78J M¨v‡mi wefe kw³ †bB ïay MwZkw³ Av‡Q|
2 M 2 24
Concept 6 Mogy³ c_ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

FORMULA
01. Mo gy³ c_  =
1
(g¨v·I‡qj) 04. cÖwZ †m‡K‡Ð av°vi msL¨v, N = 2ln
22n l l 1
1
05. Mo gy³ c_ c = n = 2 l n = 2 n
02. Mo gy³ c_  = 2 (K¬wmqvm); n = GKK AvqZ‡b AYy msL¨v|
 n
3
03. Mo gy³ c_ B = (†evëRg¨vb)
42n
Note:  = d
MEx 01 : †Kvb M¨vm AYyi e¨vm 7  10 m. Ges cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i M¨vm AYyi msL¨v 2.7910 | M¨vmwUi Mo gy³ c_ KZ n‡e|
-10 25
1 1
= = = 1.65 x 10-8m
2d2n 2  3.14  (7  10–10)2  2.79  1025
01. †Kvb M¨v‡mi AYyi Kvh©Ki e¨vm 210-10m Ges Mo gy³ c_ 2.410-8m. D³ M¨v‡m GKK AvqZ‡b AYyi msL¨v wbY©q Ki| hw` AYy¸‡jvi g~jMo
eM©‡eM 103ms-1 nq Z‡e cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û av°vi msL¨v KZ?
02. GKwU M¨vm AYy cici 20wU av°vi ga¨ w`‡q 3 × 10–5 cm `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| M¨v‡mi AYyi Mo gy³c_ wbY©q K‡iv|

1 1 1
01.  = ev, n = = = 2.35  1026 molecule m–3
2
2d n 2d 
2
2  3.14  (2  10–10)2  2.4  10–8
Crms 103
cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û av°vi msL¨v, = = 4.167  1010
 2.4  10–8
AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ 3 × 10–5 cm
02. Avgiv Rvwb, Mo gy³ c_  = = 1.5 × 10–6 cm
av°vi msL¨v = 20

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION
10
01. GKwU M¨vm AYyi e¨vm 210 m Ges cÖwZ Nb †mw›UwgUv‡i AYyi msL¨v 01. M¨v‡mi Mo gy³c_ Ges ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kx?
31019 n‡j M¨vm AYyi Mo gy³c_ n‡e- [DU. 16-17] [CU-A, Set-2. 20-21, MBSTU-C, Set-2 19-20]
3 4 1 1 1
A. 310 cm
5
B. 310 cm
6
A.   T B.   C.   2 D.  
C. 310 cm D. 610 cm T T T
1 1 Avgiv Rvwb, ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j M¨v‡mi MwZkxjZv †e‡o hvq|
AYyi Mo gy³c_,  = 2 =
d N 3.14  (2  10–10)2  (3  1019) d‡j Mo gy³c_I e„w× cvq mgvbycvwZK nv‡i|
= 3105cm
02. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi Mo gy³ c_ cÖvq- [DU. 05-06]
A. 10-9m B. 10-7m C. 10-5m D. 10-4m Ans B KUET
01. ‡Kvb GKwU M¨v‡mi AYyi Mo gy³ c_ 2.410-6 cm I AvbweK e¨vm
2.010-8 cm cÖwZ Nb †mw›UwgUvi AYyi msL¨v KZ? [KUET. 14-15]
8 10
01. ‡Kvb GKwU M¨v‡mi Mo gy³ c_ 6  10 m I AYyi e¨vm 2.5  10 m| A. 2.34510 26
B. 3.210 22
C. 2.342 1028
cÖwZ Nb wgUv‡i AYyi msL¨v KZ? [JU. 09-10]
D. 3.510-20 E. 2.3441020
A. 3  1025 m–3 B. 6  1025 m–3
1
C. 3  1020 m–3 D. 36  1020 m–3 =
1 2d2N
= ev, 6  10–8
2 d N
2
ev, N =
1
=
1
1 2d2 2    (2.0  10–8)2  2.4  10–6
= ev, N = 61025 m–3
2    (2.5  10–10)2  N ev, N = 2.344  1020
Concept 7 Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv I wkwkiv¼ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

FORMULA
f
01. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv, R =  100% [f = wkwkivs‡K m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc; F = evqyi ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc]
F
02. wkwkivsK  = 1 – G (1  2); [1  2] [1 = ï®‹ ev‡j¦i ZvcgvÎv; 2 = Av`ª© ev‡j¦i ZvcgvÎv; G = †MøBmv‡ii aªæeK]
MEx 01‡Kvb ¯’v‡b GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q evqyi ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc 16 mmHg Ges wkwkivs‡K m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc
12 mmHg n‡j H ¯’v‡b evZv‡mi Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv KZ?
f 12
R=  100%   100% = 75%
F 16
–3
MEx 02 †Kvb ¯’v‡b evZv‡mi ZvcgvÎv 25C Ges wkwkivsK 16C| 16C, 24C Ges 26C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc h_vµ‡g 13.6  10 m,
–3 –3
22.3  10 m Ges 25.1  10 m cvi` n‡j H ¯’v‡b Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv KZ?
22.3  10–3 + 25.1  10–3
25C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc = = 23.7  10–3m
2
f 13.6  10–3
 Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv, R =  100% =  100% = 57.38%
F 23.7  10–3
MEx 03 †Kvb GKw`b wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦ _v‡g©vwgUv‡i cvV h_vµ‡g 28C I 30C cvIqv †Mj| 30C ZvcgvÎvq G Gi gvb 1.65| H w`b wkwkivsK KZ n‡e?
 = 1 – G (1 – 2) = 30 – 1.65 (30 – 28) = 26.7C

01. †Kvb mg‡q evqygÛ‡ji ZvcgvÎv 17 C I wkwkivsK 120C; 170C I 120C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc h_vµ‡g 14.42x10-3m I 10.46x10-3m cvi`| G
0
mg‡qi evqyi Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv wbY©q Ki|

02. †Kvb ¯’v‡b †Kvb GKw`b evq~i ZvcgvÎv 180C I wkwkivsK 120C| 180C I 120C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc h_vµ‡g 15.48x10-3 m I 10.52x10-3m
cvi`| H w`‡bi Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv KZ?
03. †Kvb GKw`b wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦ _v‡g©vwgUv‡i cvV h_vµ‡g 27C I 30C cvIqv †Mj| 30C ZvcgvÎvq G Gi gvb 1.65| H w`b wkwkivsK KZ n‡e?
–3
f 10.46  10
01. R =  100% So, R =  100% = 72.54%
F 14.42  10–3
f 10.52  10–3
02. R =  100% So, R =  100% = 67.96%
F 15.4810–3
03.  = 1 – G (1 – 2) = 30 – 1.65 (30 – 27) = 25.05C

02. 200C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb GK mgq evqy‡Z cÖK…Z ev®ú NbZ¡ 17.5 gm/m3
Ges m¤ú„³ ev®ú NbZ¡ 20 gm/m3 n‡j Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv KZ? [RU.15-16]
01. †Kvb GKw`‡b evqygÛ‡ji ZvcgvÎv 20C Ges wkwkiv¼ 15C| 20C I A. 67.5% B. 87.5% C. 77.5% D. 47.5%
15C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc h_vµ‡g 4103m I 2103m 17.5
R=  100% = 87.5%
cvi` n‡j, H w`‡bi Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv KZ? [JU. 14-15] 20
A. 20% B. 40% C. 50% D. 60%
f 2  10–3
Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv, R = 100% = –3  100% = 50%
F 4  10 PART A Analysis of Science & Technology Question
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION JUST
01. ‡Kvb GKw`‡bi wkwkivsK 10 ‡mjwmqvm, Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv 70%| H 01. †Kvb mgq evqyi wkwkivsK 10˚C Ges Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv 75%| evqyi ZvcgvÎvq
w`‡bi evqyi m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc KZ? (10 †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc KZ? 10˚C G m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc 9.21 mmHg P. [JUST-B, 19-20]
ev‡®úi Pvc 14 mmHg) [RU.15-16] A. 6.91 mmHg P B. 12.28 mmHg P
A. 20 mmHg B. 25 mmHg C. 14 mmHg D. 35 mmHg C. 18.42 mmHg P D. 13.63 mmHg P
f 14 f
R =  100% ev, 70% =  100% R = × 100%
F
F F
14 f 9.21
ev, F =  100 = 20  F = × 100 = × 100 = 12.28 mm HgP.
70 R 75
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION 02. ‡Kvb GKw`‡bi wkwkivsK 20C I Av‡cw¶K Av`ªZv 75% | H w`‡bi
m¤ú„³ evqyi m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc KZ? [20C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi
KUET
01. cvwb c~Y© GKwU cvÎ cÖwZ N›Uvq 150mg IRb nvivq| cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û cvÎwU Pvc 17.7x10–3 m] [KUET. 14-15]
–4 –5
†_‡K KZwU Rjxq ev‡®úi AYy m„wó nq? [KUET. 18-19] A. 17.7mm B. 17.710 m C. 23.610 m
–4 –3
A. 1.395  10 15
B. 1.395  10 16
C. 1.39  10 17 D.23.610 m E. 23.610 m
D. 1.393  10 E. 1.395  10 f
R =  100%
18 19
F
150  10–3
N=  6.023  1023 = 1.394  1018 75 17.7  10–3
18  3600 = F = 2.36  10–2 = 23.6  10–3 m
100 F
 SAQ 
Short Answer Questions
WRITTEN PART  BAQ 
Broad Answer Questions
01. n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K c„‡ô Avmvi d‡j GKwU evZv‡mi eyèy‡ì e¨vmva© Avevi, Ah = V
wZb¸Y n‡q hvq| e¨v‡ivwgUv‡i cvi` ¯Í‡¤¢i D”PZv 75 †mw›UwgUvi n‡j V 6006.78 m3
h= = 10.01 m  10.01 m
n«‡ì MfxiZv KZ? (cvi‡ì NbZ¡ 13596Kgm ) –3 A 600 m 2
Solve GLv‡b, V1 = V 05. †Kvb M¨v‡mi cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i AYyi msL¨v 2.79  1025 Ges AYyi e¨vm 7.2
eyèy‡ì e¨vmva© wZb¸Y nIqvq, V2 = 27V1 = 27V m n‡j, H M¨v‡mi Mo gy³ c_ KZ n‡e?
P = 75cm cvi` Pvc = 0.75m cvi` Pvc 1
Solve Avgiv Rvwb, Mo gy³ c_,  =
n«‡ì MfxiZv = hm 2d2N
hm cvwbi Mfx‡i cvwbi Pvc = hg 1
=
n«‡ì Zj‡`‡k Pvc P1 = cvwbi Pvc + evqygÛjxq Pvc = hg + P 2  3.14  (7.2  1010)2  (2.79  10)25
n«‡ì DcwiZ‡j Pvc P2 = evqygÛjxq Pvc P 1020 GLv‡b,
=
Avgiv Rvwb, P1V1 = P2V2  (hg + P) V = P  27V 642.26  10 25
N = GKK AvqZ‡b AYyi msL¨v
5
26P = 0.001557  10 = 2.79  1025 molecules/m3
h= = 265.122m (Ans.) = 1.557  10 m8
g d = e¨vm = 7.2  1010m
8
02. w¯’i Pv‡c †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM cÖgvY Pvc I  1.557  10 m
ZvcgvÎvi g~j Mo eM©‡e‡Mi A‡a©K n‡e? 06. w¯’iPv‡c 4  103 m3 AvqZ‡bi †Kvb M¨vm‡K 0C n‡Z 68.25 ch©šÍ
Solve GLv‡b, T1 = 273K DËß Kivi d‡j Gi AvqZb 1  103 m3 e„w× †c‡j cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎvi
C2 = C1/2 gvb KZ?
T2 = ? Solve awi, cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv =  xC = 0 K
C2 T2  0C = x K
AZGe, C =  T2 = T1/4 = 68.25K (Ans.)
1 T1 †h †Kv‡bv ZvcgvÎv, y C = (x + y) K
03. ‡Kvb GKw`b evqyi ZvcgvÎv 30C, Pvc 0.756m cvi` Ges Av‡cwÿK Pvj©m-Gi m~Î †_‡K, w¯’i Pv‡c,
Av`ªZv 60%| H w`‡bi Rjxqev‡¯úi I ï®‹ evqyi Pvc wbY©q Ki| 30C V2 T 2 GLv‡b,
=
ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc 0.0316mHg| V1 T 1 V1 = Avw` AvqZb = 4  103 m3
3
Solve GLv‡b, T1 = 30C 5  10 x + 68.25 V2 = †kl AvqZb = (4  103 + 1
 3 =
P = 0.756m 4  10 x  103) m3
R = 60% 5 x + 68.25
ev, 4 = = 5  103 m3
F = 0.0316mHg x T1 = Avw` ZvcgvÎv = x K
f=? ev, 5x = 4x + 273 T2 = †kl ZvcgvÎv = (x + 68.25)
f
Avgiv Rvwb, R = F  100% ev, x = 273 K
x=?
f = RF/100% = 0.01896m
cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv =  273C
Avevi, ï®‹ evqyi Pvc = P – f = 0.73704 mHg
07. w¯’i Pv‡c KZ ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv M¨vm AYyi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~j cÖgvY Pvc
04. 20C ZvcgvÎv Ges 101 kPa Pv‡c evqyi 1.5  1029 msL¨K AYy GKwU
I ZvcgvÎvi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~‡ji wØ¸Y n‡e?
AwW‡Uvwiqvg‡K Kvbvq Kvbvq c~Y© K‡i| AwW‡Uvwiqv‡gi †g‡Si †ÿÎdj
Solve aiv hvK, cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv T1-G †Kv‡bv M¨vm AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM
600 m2 n‡j D”PZv KZ?
C1 Ges T2 ZvcgvÎvq C2|
Solve Avgiv Rvwb, PV = nRT cÖkœg‡Z, C2 = 2C1 GLv‡b, cÖgvY ZvcgvÎv, T1 = 273 K
N
ev, PV = N RT; [N n‡jv †gvU M¨vmxq AYyi msL¨v Ges NA A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv msL¨v] 3 kT2 3 kT1 wb‡Y©q ZvcgvÎv, T2 = ?
A ev, m
=
m
NRT
ev, V = PN ev, T2 = 2 T1
A
1.5 1029 8.31 J/K. mol  (20 + 273) K ev, T2 = 4T1 = 4  273 K
ev, V = = 6006.78 m3
101  103 Pa  6.02  10 23 m0l = 1092 K
08. 29C ZvcgvÎvq 3g bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi †gvU MwZkw³ wbY©q Ki| [bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi 16. †Kvb n«‡ì Zj‡`k †_‡K cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avmvq GKwU evqy eyèy‡ì e¨vm
MÖvg AvYweK fi 28g] 1.5 ¸Y nq| n«‡ì c„‡ô evqygÛ‡ji Pvc ¯^vfvweK evqygÛjx Pv‡ci mgvb
3 3 3 Ges ü‡ì DòZv aªæeK n‡j ü‡ì MfxiZv KZ?
Solve EK = 2 nRT = 2  28  8.316  (273 + 29) = 403.623J
Solve v  d3  n = 1.53
09. wbw`©ó †Kvb w`‡b wkwkivsK 8.5°C Ges evqyi ZvcgvÎv 18.4C| (n – 1) P (1.53–1)  (1.013105)
Av‡cwÿvK Av`ª©Zv wbY©q Ki| 8C, C, 18C I 19C ZvcgvÎvq  ü‡ì MfxiZv, h = = = 24.55m
9800 9800
me©vwaK ev®úPvc h_vµ‡g 8.04  10–3m, 8.61  10–3m, 15.46  10– 17. †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, mvaviY Pv‡c I
3
m I 16.46  10–3m cvi`| ZvcgvÎvq eM©g~j Mo eM©‡e‡Mi wØ¸Y n‡e?
f 3RT
Solve Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv R = F  100% Solve eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM, C = C T; TC2
M
(9 – 8)C ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z ev®úPv‡ci cwieZ©b = (8.61 – 8.04)  10– 3m
T1 = 
C12
C2  T2 = 2 273 = 1092K = 819C
2
= 0.57  10–3m
 wkwkivsK ev 8.5C G ev®úPvc, f = (8.04 + 0.57  0.5)  10–3m 18. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c Aw·‡R‡bi NbZ¡ nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi Nb‡Z¡i 16 ¸Y
= 8.325  10–3m n‡j Aw·‡Rb AYyi Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~jxq gvb wbY©q Ki|
18.4C G ev®úPvc,

f = {15.46+(16.46–15.46)0.4}10–3m=15.8610–3m 3P 1 H2
8.32510–3 Solve C =  C  Co = C
   H2
R =  100% = 52.49% (Ans.) 2
O2
15.8610–3
10. GKRb e¨w³ k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡m 1.12 litre evqy †meb Ki‡j (i) †m †gvU 
H2 3RT 1 38.134273
KZ¸‡jv AYy †meb K‡i? (ii) 27C ZvcgvÎvq H AYy¸‡jvi Mo MwZkw³ =  =  = 461.2ms–1
 M 16 210–3
KZ? [mve©Rbxb M¨vm aªæeK = 8.314Jmole–1K–1] O2 H2
1.12 19. †Kvb M¨vm AYyi e¨vm 7.2  10–10m Ges cÖwZ NbwgUv‡i M¨vm AYyi msL¨v
Solve (i) AYyi msL¨v = 22.4  6.022  1023 = 3.01  1022 (Ans.) 2  1025| M¨vmwUi Mo gy³ c_ KZ n‡e?
3 RT 3 8.314  300 1 1
(ii) Mo MwZkw³, K = =  = 6.21  10–21 Solve Mo gy³c_,  = 2 =
2 N 2 6.0221023 d N 3.14(7.210–10)2(21025)
Joule/molecule. = 310–8m
11. hw` R = 8.31Jk–1 mol–1 nq Z‡e 72cm cvi` Pv‡c Ges 27C 20. †Kvb M¨v‡mi AYyi Kvh©Ki e¨vm 210–10m Ges Mo gy³c_ 2.410–8 m|
ZvcgvÎvq 20gm Aw·‡R‡bi AvqZb wbY©q Ki| D³ M¨v‡mi GKK AvqZ‡b AYyi msL¨v KZ?
m m 1 1
Solve PV = M RT  V = PM RT Solve Mo gy³c_,  = N=
2d2N 2d2
20  10–3
= 8.31(27+273) = 16.2410–3m3 1
= 2.3461026
(0.7213.61039.8)3210–3 =
23.14  (210–10)2  (2.410–8)
12. 18gm wnwjqvg M¨vm c~Y© GKwU †ejy‡bi AvqZb 0.10m3| †ejy‡bi wfZ‡i
21. Av`k© M¨v‡mi (Ideal gas) †¶‡Î cÖgvY Ki †h, PV = nRT. GLv‡b,
M¨v‡mi Pvc 1.2105Nm–2| †ejy‡bi gaëZ©x M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ? cÖZxK¸‡jv cÖPwjZ A_© enb K‡i| [JnU-A, Set-1. 19-20]
m
Solve PV = M RT 1
Solve Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY: e‡q‡ji m~Îvbymv‡i, V p
PV M 1.21050.1 410–3
ZvcgvÎv, T =  =  = 320.9K Ges Pvj©‡mi m~Îvbymv‡i VT
R m 8.31 1810–3
m~Î `ywU‡K GK‡Î wjL‡Z cvwi|
13. GKwU U¨vs‡K 27C ZvcgvÎvq I 2 evqygÛjxq Pv‡ci 1660L Aw·‡Rb
T T PV
Av‡Q| U¨vs‡K Aw·‡R‡bi fi wbY©q Ki| [Aw·‡R‡bi fi = 32kg kmol–1, V
P
V=K 
P T
= K PV = KT
1 evqygÛjxq Pvc = 1.013  105 PaR = 8.314 J mol–1K–1] G‡ÿ‡Î K Gi cwie‡Z© R †jLv nq|
m
Solve PV = M RT R = me©Rbxb M¨vm aªæeK  PV = RT
M
21.013105166010–3
fi, m = M RT = 3210–3  
PV GKMÖvg AYy M¨v‡mi AvqZb n‡e m V
= 4.3 kg
 8.314300  M m
14. KZ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j – 20C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 1 evqygÛjxq Pv‡c 1L  P. .V = RT  PV = RT  PV = nRT
m M
1 GUvB Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY|
M¨vm 40C ZvcgvÎvq 2 L M¨v‡mi AvqZb `Lj Ki‡e?
22. 27˚C ZvcgvÎvi M¨vm‡K KZ ZvcgvÎvq †bIqv n‡j Mo‡eM wØ¸Y n‡e?
1 [RUET: 19-20]
P 1 V1 P 2 V2 V2 T1 2 253
Solve T = T  P1 = V  T  P2 = 1  313  1 = 0.404 atm Solve M¨v‡mi Mo`ªæwZ, C =
8RT
1 2 1 2
M
15. GKwU †ejyb‡K 25C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 75  10–2m (cvi`) Pv‡c 1  10–3 m3
C2 T2
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Øviv c~Y© Kiv n‡jv, GLb, 10C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 75  10–3m  C  T (M w¯’i _vK‡j); =
C1 T1
Pv‡c †ejybwU‡K Dwo‡q †Ìqv n‡jv| †ejy‡bi AvqZb KZUv e„w× cv‡e?
2
P1V1 P2V2 T2 C2 T2
Solve  =  = 22  T2 = 4  300 = 1200 K
T1
=
T2 T1 C1 27 + 273
P1 T 2 7510–210–3283  1200 K ev 927˚C ZvcgvÎvq Mo †eM wØ¸Y n‡e|
 V2 =   V1 = = 9.5  10–3m3
P2 T 1 2987510–3 Note: M¨v‡mi AYymg~‡ni Random MwZi Kvi‡Y Gi Mo †eM k~b¨|
STEP 3 mKj cvVëB‡qi NCTB QUESTIONS ANALYSIS e¨vLvmn mgvavb

01. cig †¯‹‡j Pv‡ci m~Î n‡jv- cÖkœ [Bm&nvK, Avwgi] cÖkœ
12. e‡q‡ji m~Îvbymv‡i wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi AvqZb- [Zcb, AvwRR]
1 A. Gi Pv‡ci mgvbycvwZK
A. P  T 2
B. P  C. P  T D. P  T Ans C
T B. Gi Pv‡ci mgvbycvwZK e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
02. wbw`©ó cwigvY †Kv‡bv M¨vm‡K 27°C †_‡K †h ZvcgvÎvq DbœxZ Ki‡j C. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq Gi Pv‡ci e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
AYy¸‡jvi rms †eM wØ¸Y nq Zv n‡jv- [Bm&nvK, Avwgi] D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq Ans C
A. 327°C B. 600°C C. 927°C D. 1200°C 13. w¯’i Pv‡c wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi AvqZb Gi- [Zcb, AvwRR]
T2 = n2 × T1 = (2)2 × 300 k = 1200 k = 927°C
A. †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
03. AvYweK MwZkw³ †Kvb ivwki Ici wbf©ikxj? [Bm&nvK, Avwgi]
B. †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK
A. Nl©Y B. ZvcgvÎv C. AšÍ¯’kw³ D. Zvc Ans B
04. Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc †e‡o hvq- [Bm&nvK, Avwgi]
C. †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvi eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
i. ZvcgvÎv n«vm †c‡j ii. ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j D. †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvi eM©g~‡ji mgvbycvwZK Ans B
iii. ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡j 14. w¯’i AvqZ‡b wbw`©ó f‡ii M¨v‡mi Pvc, Gi- [Zcb, AvwRR]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? A. †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvi eM©g~‡ji mgvbycvwZK
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans C B. †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK
05. m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pv‡ci •ewkó¨ n‡jv- [Bm&nvK, Avwgi] C. †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvi eM©g~‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
i. GwU GKwU Ave× ¯’v‡b •Zwi Kiv hvq D. †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans B
ii. m¤ú„³ ev®ú e‡qj I Pvj©m-Gi m~Î †g‡b P‡j 15. w¯’i Pv‡c M¨v‡mi AvqZb cÖmviY mn‡Mi gvb  [Zcb, AvwRR]
iii. ZvcgvÎv e„w× K‡i GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú„³ ev®ú‡K Am¤ú„³ ev‡®ú 1  -1
A. 0.0366o C-1 B. 0.366o C-1 C. C D. 273o C-1
cwiYZ Kiv hvq 273
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 1
mKj M¨v‡mi Rb¨ AvqZb cÖmviY mn‡Mi gvb 273 C-1
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D
06. †Kv‡bv GKw`‡bi wkwkiv¼ 10°C I Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv 67.30%| H w`‡bi  0.00366°C–1| AvqZb cÖmviY mnM‡K v p Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq|
evqyi m¤ú„³ ev®ú Pvc KZ? (10°C ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®úPvc 16. †h ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi evqy, Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z Rjxq ev®ú
13.64 × 10–3 m) [Bm&nvK, Avwgi]
Øviv m¤ú„³ nq †mB ZvcgvÎv‡K Kx ejv nq? [Zcb, AvwRR]
A. 1.01 × 104 m B. 2.02 × 104 m
A. cig Av`ª © Zv B. Av‡cw¶K Av`ª © Zv
C. 2.02 × 10–4 m D. 1.01 × 10–4 m
 13.64 × 10–3 m C. wkwkiv¼ D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq Ans C
R =  67.30% = × 100% 17. M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ Abymv‡i 0K ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ n‡e- [Zcb, AvwRR]
F F
13.64 × 10–3 A. mev©waK B. k~Y¨
F= = 2.02 × 10–4 m C. Lye †ewkI bv Avevi KgI bv D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq
0.673
07. `ywU M¨vm A Ges B-Gi Nb‡Z¡i AbycvZ 1 : 2| Zv‡ì Pvc P, ZvcgvÎv 3 3
T = 0 K n‡j , E = KT  K  0 = 0
T| G‡ÿ‡Î Zv‡ì rms †e‡Mi AbycvZ KZ? [Bm&nvK, Avwgi] 2 2
A. 1 : 1 B. 1 : 4 C. 1 : 2 D. 2 : 1 18. GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi Pvc I AvqZ‡bi ¸Ydj  [Zcb, AvwRR]
3P A. aªæeK B. mve©Rbxb M¨vm aªæe‡Ki cÖvq mgvb
C=
 C. Gi ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK D. Gi ZvcgvÎvi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK Ans C
C
1 19. Av`k© M¨v‡mi Pv‡ci ivwkgvjv n‡e  [Zcb, AvwRR]
 1 1 2
A :  B = 1 : 2
(i) P = 3 c2 (ii) P = 3 c2 (iii) P = 3 RT
C A : CB = 2 : 1 A. i I iii B. ii I iii C. ii D. i, ii I iii
08. †Kvb e³e¨wU mwVK? [Bm&nvK, Avwgi] 1 2
P = c
A. Mo †eM gvb, rms †eM A‡cÿv Kg nq 3
B. rms †eM I me©v‡cÿv m¤¢ve¨ †eM GKB 20. Av`k© M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î Pvc, AvqZb I ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡”Q  [Zcb, AvwRR]
C. rms †eM I rms `ªæwZ GKB (i) pV = KT (ii) pV = nRT (iii) pV = RT
D. rms †eM I Mo †e‡Mi gvb GKB nq Ans A A. i I ii B. i I ii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D
09. wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi AYy¸wji Mo MwZkw³ K‡g †M‡j- [Bm&nvK, Avwgi] 21. Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY n‡”Q: PV= nRT; GLv‡b n Kx? [Zdv¾j, gwnDwÏb]
A. M¨vm Mig nq B. M¨vmwU VvÛv nq Ans B
A. †gvjvi msL¨v B. †gvj msL¨v C. AYy msL¨v D. K¤úv¼ Ans B
C. M¨vmwU cÖmvwiZ nq D. M¨vmwU msKzwPZ nq 22. cig k~b¨ ZvcgvÎv nj †h ZvcgvÎvq- [Zdv¾j, gwnDwÏb]
10. wbw`©ó f‡ii GKwU M¨vm‡K w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq cÖmvwiZ Ki‡j †h ivwkwUi gvb (i) M¨v‡mi Pvc k~b¨ nq (ii) M¨v‡mi AvqZb k~b¨ nq
cwiewZ©Z nq Zv n‡jv- [Bm&nvK, Avwgi] (iii) †h ZvcgvÎvq Zij wnwjqvg KwV‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ nq
A. M¨v‡mi Pvc B. M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
C. M¨vm AYy¸wji rms †eM D. M¨vm AYy¸wji MwZkw³ Ans A
A. i B. i I ii C. ii D. ii I iii Ans B
11. Mo gy³c_ †KvbwUi Ici wbf©i K‡i bv? [Bm&nvK, Avwgi] 23. ms–1 GK‡K `kwU KYvi †eM h_vµ‡g 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6 | G‡ì
A. M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ B. GKwU AYyi e¨vm g‡a¨ †KvbwU m‡e©vËg m¤¢ve¨ †eM? [Mwb, mykvšÍ]
C. GKwU AYyi fi D. rms †eM Ans D
A. 3.1 ms–1 B. 3 ms–1 C. 3.5 ms–1 D. GKwUI bv Ans B
24. cig ZvcgvÎv I Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~‡ji m¤úK© †KvbwU? 

S AB info A bs †jLwUi mgxKiY,V = V01 + 273
[Mwb, mykvšÍ]
–1
A. Cr.m.s  t B. Cr.m.s  T C. Cr.m.s  T D. Cr.m.s  T 2
Ans B

25. 27°C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU M¨vm AYyi Mo MwZkw³ 6.2110–21J . 27°C Ges B bs †jLwUi mgxKiY P = P01 + 273
ZvcgvÎvq Mo MwZkw³ n‡e- [Mwb, mykvšÍ]  
34. M¨v‡mi GKK AvqZ‡b Pvc (P) Gi MwZ kw³i (E) KZ Ask? [†Mvjvg m¨vi]
A. 11.3510–21J B. 9.3510–21 J
–21 3 1 2 1
C. 12.3510 J D. 10.3510–21 J A Ask B. Ask C. Ask D. Ask
2 3 3 2
T2 227+273
E2 = E1 = 6.2110-21= 10.3510-21 J 1 2 1 2
T1 27+273 PV = mNC2=  C2 = E
3 3 2 3
26. ¯^vfvweK Pv‡ci gvb- [†gvK‡Q` m¨vi]
2
A. 1.013×103 Nm–2 B. 1.013×104 Nm–2 GKK AvqZ‡b, P = 3 E
5 –2 0 –2
C. 1.013×10 Nm D. 1.013×10 Nm Ans C
35. evqy‡Z Av`ª©Zv K‡g ‡M‡j- [†Mvjvg m¨vi]
 wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q` co Ges 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL| [†gvK‡Q` m¨vi]
i. `ª æZ ev®úvqb N‡U ii. nvB‡MÖ vwgUv‡ii `y B _v‡g© vwgUv‡ii eëavb K‡g hvq
GKwU cv‡Î iw¶Z M¨v‡mi `yÕwU AYyi †eM h_vµ‡g 4 ms–1 I 5ms–1 iii. ev®úvqb eÜ n‡q hv‡e
27. AYyØ‡qi Mo eM©‡eM n‡e- [†gvK‡Q` m¨vi] wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU mwVK?
A. 20.5 m2s–2 B. 20.5 ms–1 C. 16 m2s–2 D. 25 ms–1 A. i B. ii C. iii D. i I ii Ans A
42+52
Mo eM©‡eM = 2 = 20.5m s 2 -2
36. M¨v‡mi Pjivwk wZbwU Kx Kx? [cÖvgvwbK m¨vi]
A. AvqZb, fi I NbZ¡ B. AvqZb, ZvcgvÎv I NbZ¡
28. AYyØ‡qi eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM n‡e- [†gvK‡Q` m¨vi]
C. AvqZb, fi I ZvcgvÎv D. AvqZb, ZvcgvÎv I Pvc Ans D
A. 4.53 ms–2 B. 4.53 ms–1 C. 20.5 ms–1 D. 9 m2s–2
37 . GKwU cv‡Î P Pv‡c wKQz M¨vm Ave× Av‡Q| hw` M¨vm AYy ¸‡jvi
42 + 5 2 -1
1
eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM = 2
= 4.5 ms cÖ‡Z¨KwUi fi A‡a©K nq Ges Zv‡ì ‡eM wØ¸Y nq Z‡e Pvc KZ n‡e?
[igv m¨vi]
29. wb‡Pi †Kvb m~Îvbymv‡i PjšÍ Mvwoi PvKvi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq- [†gvK‡Q` m¨vi]
A. GKB _vK‡e B. A‡a©K n‡e
A. e‡q‡ji m~Î B. Pv‡ci m~Î C. Pvj©‡mi m~Î D. A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªvi m~Î
C. wØ¸Y n‡e D. Pvi¸Y n‡e
MvwowU Pjvi mgq PvKvq Pvc cÖ‡qvM nq| Pvcxq m~Îvbymv‡i P 2 2
m c m 4c
 T Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡e| P2 = 2  22  P1 = 1  21  P1 = 2P1
m1 c1 2m1 c1
30. evqyi Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv Kg n‡j- [†gvK‡Q` m¨vi]
38. e‡q‡ji m~Îvbymv‡i w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó f‡ii †Kvb M¨v‡mi AvqZb- [BKivg m¨vi]
i) evqy‡Z Rjxq ev®ú Kg _v‡K ii) wfRv Kvc‡o ev®úvqb `ªæZ nq
A. Gi Pv‡ci mgvbycvwZK B. Gi Pv‡ci e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK
iii) Av`ª© I ï®‹ evj¦ nvB‡MÖvwgUv‡ii `yB _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii eëavb †ewk nq
C. Gi Pv‡ci e‡M©i e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK D. Gi Pv‡ci e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK Ans B
39. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq 7105Nm–2 Pv‡c wbw`©ó f‡ii wKQz M¨v‡mi AvqZb
A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. iii I i D. i, ii I iii Ans D
0.002m3 | 14105Nm–2 Pvc M¨vmwUi AvqZb KZ n‡e? [BKivg m¨vi]
31. Av`k© Pv‡c Ges 27°C ZvcgvÎvq 32g Aw·‡R‡bi AvqZb n‡jv- [†gvK‡Q` m¨vi] –4 3 –3 3
A. 1.010 m B. 1.010 m
A. 0.0246 cm3 B. 0.0246 m3 C. 0.246 cm3 D. 0.246 m3
C. 1.010–2m3 D. 1.010–5m3
m 3
PV = RT  1  V = 0.0821(27+273) P1 7105
M 32 V2 = V1 =  0.002 =0.001 cm3 =110–3 m3
P2 10105
 V = 24.6 L = 0.0246 m 3
40. ZvcgvÎv e„w× ‡c‡j AYy¸‡jvi Mo eM©‡eM- [kvgmyi m¨vi]
 wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 32 I 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL| [†gvK‡Q` m¨vi]
A. n«vm cvq B. e„w× cvq C. AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K D. k~b¨ nq
GKwU cv‡Î 0°C ZvcgvÎvq wKQz M¨vm iw¶Z Av‡Q| ZvcgvÎv n«vm Ki‡j 
M¨v‡mi Pvc 0°C ZvcgvÎvi Pv‡ci GK-Z…Zxqvsk nq| C2  T , eM©g~j Mo eM©‡eM ZvcgvÎvi eM©g~‡ji
32. M¨vm cv‡Îi †kl ZvcgvÎv KZ? mgvbycvwZK| A_©vr ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j †eM e„w× cvq|
A. 91°C B. 182°C C. 91 K D. –182 K 41. M¨v‡mi Pjivwk KqwU? [kvgmyi m¨vi]
P2 1
p
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Ans B
T2 =  T1 = 3 273 = 91 K 42. Mig e¯‘ VvÛv Ki‡Z ‡KvbwU AwaK Dc‡hvMx? [kvgmyi m¨vi]
P1 P
A. kxZj evZvm B. kxZj cvwb
33. DÏxc‡Ki M¨v‡mi cwieZ©bkxj PjK¸‡jvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb †jLwPÎwU mwVK?
V P C. eid D. me¸‡jv mgvb Ans B
43. cvwb‡K 7°C ‡_‡K 1°C G VvÛv Ki‡j Kx N‡U? [kvgmyi m¨vi]
V0 P0 A. GwU ïaygvÎ msKzwPZ nq B. GwU ïaygvÎ cÖmvwiZ nq
A. B.
·
–273°C O °C ·
–273°C O °C C. GwU cÖ_‡g msKzwPZ nq Ges c‡i cÖmvwiZ nq
D. GwU cÖ_‡g cÖmvwiZ nq, Zvici msKzwPZ nq Ges c‡i Avevi cÖmvwiZ nq Ans C
V P
44. 1 wjUv‡i KZ NbwgUvi? [CU. 14-15] [kvgmyi m¨vi]

C. D. A. 1.0 × 10–3 B. 1.0 × 10–2 C. 1.0 × 10–1
T
O
T O
D. 1.0 × 102 E. 1.0 × 103 Ans A
STEP 4 MCQ CONCEPT TEST WRITTEN

cÖkœ
01. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ 1.25 kg m–3| AYyi g~j 15. ‡Kvb k‡Z© ev¯Íe M¨vm mg~n Av`k© AvPiY K‡i?
Mo eM©‡eM KZ? A. wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq I D”P Pv‡c B. wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq I wbgœ Pv‡c
A. 480 ms–1 B. 490 ms–1 C. D”P ZvcgvÎvq I D”P Pv‡c D. wbgœ Pv‡c I D”P ZvcgvÎvq
C. 493 ms–1 D. 393 ms–1 16. PV=k GB mgxKiYwU mvaviY fv‡e †Kvb m~‡Îi cÖKvk-
02. wbw`©ó f‡ii GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb aªæe Pv‡c wØ¸Y Kiv n‡jv| hw` A. Pvj©‡mi m~Î B. e‡q‡ji m~Î
M¨v‡mi cÖv_wgK ZvcgvÎv 13˚C nq Z‡e P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? C. Pv‡ci m~Î D. Av`k© M¨vm mgxKiY
A. 299˚C B. 339˚C 17. 0˚C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi Pvc 3105 Nm–2 n‡j 60˚C ZvcgvÎvi Pvc
C. 499˚C D. 199˚C
KZ n‡e?
03. GK †gvj nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Ges GK †gvj Aw·‡R‡bi fi h_vµ‡g 2g Ges 32g
A. 30.66105 Pa B. 33.6105 Pa
n‡j †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq AbycvZ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM/ 5
C. 3.6610 Pa D. †KvbwUB bq
Aw·‡Rb AYyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM Gi gvb KZ n‡e?
A. 4 B. 5 18. T ZvcgvÎvq 1 wjUvi evqy‡K DËvß Kiv n‡jv hZ¶b bv evqyi Pvc I
C. 6 D. 7 AvqZb DfqB wØ¸Y nq| P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ?
04. 10˚C DòZvq Ges 750 mm cvi` Pv‡c evZv‡mi Nb‡Z¡i mv‡_ 15˚C T T
A. B. C. 2T D. 4T E. 8T
DòZvq Ges 760 mm cvi` Pv‡c evZv‡mi Nb‡Z¡i Zzjbv Ki| 2 4
A. 1 B. 0.5 19. evqygÛ‡j Rjxqev®ú Nbxf~Z nIqvi dj bq †KvbwU?
C. 2 D. 2.5 A. wkwki B. Kyqvkv C.So D. e„wó
05. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQz cwigvY ï®‹ evqy‡K m‡gvò cÖwµqvq msbwgZ 20. cÖgvY ev Av`k© ZvcgvÎvi gvb n‡jv-
K‡i AvqZb A‡a©K Kiv n‡jv| P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ? A. 0K B. –273°C
A. 4.04 × 10–2 Nm–2 B. 2.20 Nm–2 C. 273°C D. 273 K
C. 4.04 × 105 Nm–2 D. 2.02 × 105 Nm–2
06. GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î Cp/Cv = x n‡j, wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU GK  OMR SHEET 
†gv‡ji Rb¨ mwVK? 01. A B C D 06. A B C D 11. A B C D
A. Cv = (x–1)R B. Cv = R/(x–1) 02. A B C D 07. A B C D 12. A B C D
C. Cv = R/(1–x) D. CV = R/(1+x) 03. A B C D 08. A B C D 13. A B C D
07. GK †gvj nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Ges GK ‡gvj Aw·‡R‡bi fi h_vµ‡g 2g I 32g n‡j †Kvb 04. A B C D 09. A B C D 14. A B C D
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb Abyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM 05. A B C D 10. A B C D 15. A B C D
GK wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq AbycvZ, Aw·‡Rb Abyi g~j Mo eM©‡eM Gi gvb n‡e-
1 1  WRITTEN PART 
A. B. C. 4 D. 8
8 4
21. GKB ZvcgvÎvq wfbœ wfbœ GK †gvj M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î Mo MwZkw³ wK mgvb bv
08. M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ Abymv‡i 0K ZvcgvÎvq M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ KZ?
wfbœ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A. Amxg B. Mo MwZkw³ C. k~b¨ D. ‡KvbwUB bv
DËi: .......................................................................................
09. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv KZ n‡j wkwkiv¼ evqyi ZvcgvÎvi mgvb n‡e?
22. †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b evZv‡mi Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv 70% ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
A. k~b¨ B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%
10. `ywU K…ò e¯‘i wbM©Z Zvckw³i AbycvZ 16:1| wØZxq e¯‘i ZvcgvÎv 300 k DËi: .......................................................................................
n‡j, cÖ_g e¯‘i ZvcgvÎv KZ? 23. wm³ I ï®‹ evi nvB‡MÖvwgUv‡i wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦ _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii ZvcgvÎvi
A. 1200 K B. 1600 K cv_©K¨ Lye †ewk n‡j †m ¯’v‡b AvenvIqv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
C. 600 K D. 300 K DËi: .......................................................................................
11. GKRb Wyeyix n«‡ì Zj‡`‡k KvR Kivi mgq 2cm3 AvqZ‡bi eyèy` 24. el©vKvj A‡cÿv kxZKv‡j wfRv Kvco `ªæZ ïKvq †KbÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
Dc‡ii w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| cvwbi DcwiZ‡j ey`ye‡ì AvqZb 4cm3 nq; DËi: .......................................................................................
wKš‘ ZvcgvÎv AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| hw` evqygÛjxq Pvc 10m cvwbi Pv‡ci 25. kxZKv‡j †VuvU gyL †d‡U hvq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
mgvb nq, n«‡ì MfxiZv KZ? DËi: .......................................................................................
A. 10m B. 20m 26. kw³i mgwefvRb bxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
C. 30m D. 40m
DËi: .......................................................................................
12. Rjxq ev‡®úi Nb‡Z¡i mv‡_ evqyi Pv‡ci m¤úK© n‡jv-
27. – 273C Gi wb‡P ZvcgvÎv _vK‡Z cv‡i bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
A.   P2 B. P P
DËi: .......................................................................................
C. P   D. 12cm
13. wØ-cigvYyK M¨vm AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv KqwU? 28. †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi ZvcgvÎvi mv‡_ Nb‡Z¡i m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
A. 2 B. 3 DËi: .......................................................................................
C. 4 D. 5 29. AvswkK Zij c~Y© e× cv‡Îi ev®ú Pvc m¤ú„³ bv Am¤ú„³? †Kb?
14. Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv 100% n‡j wkwkiv¼ evqyi ZvcgvÎv- DËi: .......................................................................................
A. A‡a©K n‡e B. wØ¸b n‡e 30. Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv ej‡Z Kx eyS?
C. mgvb n‡e D. Kg n‡e DËi: .......................................................................................
 MCQ  ANSWER ANALYSIS  WRITTEN 

cÖkœ bs DËi e¨vL¨v cÖkœ bs DËi e¨vL¨v
5
CH MO
01 C Crms =
3P
=
3 × 1.013 × 10
= 493.07 ms–1 07 C = ev CH = 32
=4
 1.25 CO MH CO 2
V1 T 1 V2T1 2V × (273 + 13) 3 3
=  T2 = = Ek = nRT = nR  0 = 0
02 A V2 T 2 V1 V 08 C 2 2
= 2 × 286 = 572K = 299˚C
3RT
H2 Gi Rb¨ C1 =
2
3RT 3RT 1 3RT f 1
03 A O2 Gi Rb¨ C2 = = = 09 D R=  100% =  100%  R = 100%
32 16 × 2 4 2 F 1
C1
 C2 =  C1 = 4 × C2
4
1 T2 288 E1 T14 16
ev, 1 =  T1   2 = T1  T1 = 600k
4
04 A = = =1 10 C =
2 T1 283 E2 T2 300 300
n«‡ì MfxiZv, h = (n – 1) 10.2 = 2 – 1  10.2
4
P1V1 1.01 × 105 × V
05 D P2 = = = 2.02 × 105 Nm–2 11 A
V2 V/2
= (2 – 1)  10.2 = 10.2m
Cp
= x ev, Cp = Cvx Ges Cp – Cv = R ev, Cvx – Cv = R
06 B Cv
ev, Cv(x – 1) = R ev, Cv = R/(x – 1)
12. C 13. C 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. C 20. D
GKB ZvcgvÎvq wfbœ wfbœ GK †gvj M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î Mo MwZkw³ mgvb _v‡K| †Kbbv wbw`©ó T ZvcgvÎvq GK †gvj †h‡Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi Mo MwZkw³, E
3
21 = RT mgxKiY Abyhvqx, Mo MwZkw³ M¨v‡mi AvYweKfi, NbZ¡ ev Pv‡ci Ici wbf©i K‡i bv, †Kej cig ZvcgvÎvi Ici wbf©i K‡i| G Kvi‡Y
2
GKB ZvcgvÎvi wfbœ wfbœ GK †gvj M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î Mo MwZkw³ aªæe _v‡K|
†Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b evZv‡mi Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv 70% ej‡Z eySvq, H ¯’v‡bi evZvm‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY Rjxq ev®ú ìKvi Zvi kZKiv 70 fvM
22
Rjxq ev®ú H gyn~‡Z© H ¯’v‡bi evqy‡Z i‡q‡Q|
wm³ I ï®‹ Øviv evj¦ _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii ZvcgvÎv GKB n‡j eyS‡Z n‡e evZvm bZzb K‡i Rjxq ev®ú †kvlY Ki‡Q bv| †m‡ÿ‡Î evZvm Rjxq ev®ú Øviv
m¤ú„³- Giƒc eyS‡Z n‡e| Z‡e evZvm hZ `ªæZ nv‡i Rjxq ev®ú †kvlY Ki‡e wm³ ev‡j¦i ZvcgvÎv ZZ n«vm cv‡e| myZivs wm³ I ï®‹ evj¦
23
_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ Lye †ewk n‡j eyR‡Z n‡e, H ¯’v‡bi evZvm Lye `ªæZ nv‡i Rjxq ev®ú †kvlY Ki‡Q A_©vr evZv‡mi Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv
LyeB Kg| myZivs AvenvIqv fv‡jv Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q| e„wó nIqvi m¤¢vebv †bB|
el©vi w`‡b evqygÛj Rjxq ev®ú Øviv cÖvq m¤ú„³ _v‡K, A_©vr Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv 100% Gi KvQvKvwQ _v‡K| d‡j evZvm AwaK cwigv‡Y Rjxq ev®ú
24 †kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G Kvi‡Y el©vKv‡j †fRv Kvco mn‡R ïKv‡Z Pvq bv| †m Zzjbvq kxZKv‡ji evZvm ïK‡bv _v‡K| ïK‡bv evZv‡m Rjxq
ev®ú AZ¨šÍ Kg _v‡K| GB evZvm wfRv Kvco †_‡K `ªæZ Rjxq ev®ú †kvlY K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i| d‡j kx‡Zi w`‡b †fRv Kvco ZvovZvwo ïKvq|
kxZKv‡j evZv‡m Av`ª©Zv AZ¨šÍ K‡g hvq| ZLb †VuvU n‡Z cvwb Rjxq ev®ú AvKv‡i evZv‡m P‡j hvq| †Vuv‡Ui Z¡‡Ki cvwb¯Í‡ii wewfbœ Ask n‡Z
25
cvwb P‡j hvIqvq wew”Qbœ Ask¸‡jv cvwbi c„ôUv‡bi ìæb †ÿÎdj msKzwPZ n‡Z Pvq d‡j †VuvU †d‡U hvq| GKB Kvi‡b kxZKv‡j gyL †d‡U hvq|
3 5
26 28vbyhvqx GKwU AYyi Mo kw³ = 2 kT| wØcvigvYweK M¨v‡mi GKwU AYyi ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎv 5, AZGe cÖwZwU AYyi Mokw³ = 2 kT|
 
Pvj©‡mi m~Îvbymv‡i; v = v0 1 + 273; GLv‡b v = 0 emv‡j,  = – 273C cvIqv hvq| Avevi Pv‡ci (†i‡bvi) m~Îvbymv‡i; P = P0 1 + 273
   
27 GLv‡b P = 0 emv‡j  = – 273C cvIqv hvq| A_©vr, – 273C ZvcgvÎvq ZvwË¡Kfv‡e †h‡Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi AvqZb I Pvc k~b¨ nq| e¯‘Z ZvcgvÎv
Kwg‡q – 273C ZvcgvÎvq c`v‡_©i AYy-cigvYymg~‡ni mKj K¤úb †_‡g hvq| †h‡nZz c`v‡_©i Acy-cigvYymg~‡ni mKj K¤úb †_‡g hvq| †h‡nZz
c`v‡_©i AYy-civgvYymg~‡ni K¤ú‡bi gvÎv w`‡qB Avgiv ZvcgvÎv Abyaveb Kwi, ZvB – 273C –Gi wb‡P †Kv‡bv ZvcgvÎv _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|
1
28 A_©vr,   T; hLb Pvc I fi w¯’i _v‡K|
AvswkK Zijc~Y© e× cv‡Îi ev®úPvc n‡jv m¤ú„³ ev®úPvc| Gi KviY n‡jv Zij †_‡K cÖ_g w`‡K hLb ev®úxfeb ïiæ n‡e, ZLb ev®úPvc
29
Am¤ú„³ _vK‡jI µgvMZ Zij AYymg~n hLb AviI ev®úxf~Z n‡e, ZLb ev®úPvc GK mgq m¤ú„³ gv‡b †cuŠQv‡Z eva¨ n‡e
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKwU wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi evqy‡Z †h cwigvY Rjxq ev®ú _v‡K Ges H ZvcgvÎvq H AvqZ‡bi evqy‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z †h cwigvY
Rjxq ev‡®úi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡ì AbycvZ‡K Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv e‡j|
30 Avgiv Rvwb, w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi evqyi Rjxq ev‡®úi Pvc Zvi f‡ii mgvbycvwZK Ges †h‡Kv‡bv ZvcgvÎvq GB Rjxq ev®ú Pvc
wkwkiv‡¼i m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®úPvc f
wkwkiv‡¼ D³ evqyi m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®ú Pv‡ci mgvb| myZivs, Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv, R = evqyi ZvcgvÎvq m¤ú„³ Rjxq ev®úPvc ev, R = F  100%
ZvcMwZwe`¨v
wØZxq cÎ
Aa¨vq
01 THERMODYNAMICS
SURVEY TABLE  Kx coe?  †Kb coe?  †Kv_v n‡Z coe?  KZUzKz coe? 
VVI For
MAKING DECISION [†h Kvi‡Y co‡e]
TOPICS MAGNETIC DECISION [hv co‡e] This Year
DU JU RU CU GST Engr. HSC Written MCQ
CONCEPT-01 ZvcgvÎv cwigv‡ci bxwZ I ZvcMwZwe`¨vi k~b¨Zg m~Î
35% 30% 20% 25% 30% 50% 70%  
CONCEPT-02 40% 45% 35% 30% 40% 15% 45% 
ZvcMwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Î (Ryj I K¬wmqv‡mi gZev`, 1g m~‡Îi Zvrch©) 
THEORY
CONCEPT-03 50% 45% 40% 35% 40% 40% 25% 

ZvcMZxq cwieZ©b (m‡gvò, iæ×Zvcxq, mgPvc Ges mgAvqZb) 
CONCEPT-04 CP, CV Ges R Gi m¤úK© 75% 70% 65% 30% 70% 50% 20%  
CONCEPT-05 ZvcMwZwe`¨vi wØZxq m~Î I Zvc BwÄb 70% 75% 70% 60% 75% 15% 70%  
CONCEPT-06 †iwd«Rv‡iUi I Kvh©K…Z mnM 20% 10% 20% 25% 30% 10% 30%  
CONCEPT-07 GbUªwc msµvšÍ 30% 40% 35% 40% 30% 60% 70%  
CONCEPT-01 ZvcgvÎv †¯‥j I ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
80% 85% 85% 80% 80% 60% 80%  
Zvc Øviv K…ZKvR msµvšÍ  
MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
CONCEPT-02 75% 80% 70% 75% 80% 70% 85%

CONCEPT-03 kw³i iƒcvšÍi msµvšÍ 60% 70% 70% 75% 70% 40% 50%  
CONCEPT-04 ZvcMZxq cÖwµqv msµvšÍ 40% 50% 60% 65% 70% 50% 75%  
CONCEPT-05 BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM 90% 85% 80% 85% 80% 70% 80%  
CONCEPT-06 GbUªwci cwieZ©b msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
70% 75% 70% 75% 70% 60% 90%  
DU. = Dhaka University, JU. = Jahangirnagar University, RU. = Rajshahi University,
CU = Chittagong University, GST = General, Science & Technology, Engr. = Engineering.
STEP 1 mvRv‡bv me Z_¨ THEORY fwZ© †ivMxi c_¨

Concept 1 ZvcgvÎv cwigv‡ci bxwZ I ZvcMwZwe`¨vi k~b¨Zg m~Î
✅ ZvcgvÎv: ZvcgvÎv e¯‘i GKwU Zvcxq Ae¯’v, hv H e¯‘ n‡Z Ab¨ e¯‘‡Z Zv‡ci cÖevn wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges Zvc cÖev‡ni AwfgyL wba©viY K‡i|
✅ ZvcgvÎv cwigv‡ci bxwZ:
 _v‡g©vwgUvi: †h hš¿ Øviv ZvcgvÎv wbfy©j fv‡e cwigvc Kiv hvq  ZvcgvÎv cwigv‡ci hš¿  _v‡g©vwgUvi (Thermometer)
 Zvc cwigv‡ci hš¿  K¨vjwiwgUvi (Calorimeter)  DòZvwgwZK c`v_©: †h me c`v‡_©i DòZvwgwZK ag© eënvi K‡i _v‡g©vwgUvi •Zix Kiv nq
 DòZvwgwZK ag©: †Kvb c`v‡_©i †hme ag© ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mgvbycv‡Z cwiewZ©Z nq c`v‡_©i †mme ag©‡K DòZvwgwZK ag© e‡j| †hgb- hw`
X  T nq Zvn‡j X GKwU DòZvwgwZK ag© Ges T nj ZvcgvÎv|
✅ wb¤œ w¯’i we›`y: †h ZvcgvÎvq cÖgvY Pv‡c weï× eid cvwbi mv‡_ mvgë¯’vq _v‡K Zv‡K wb¤œ w¯’i we›`y/Mjbv¼/ Melting point e‡j|
✅ EaŸ© w¯’i we›`y: †h ZvcgvÎvq cÖgvY Pv‡c weï× cvwb Rjxq ev‡®úi mv‡_ mvgë¯’vq _v‡K Zv‡K EaŸ© w¯’i we›`y/ùyUbv¼/Boiling Point e‡j|
✅ †g․wjK eëavb: (EaŸ© w¯’i we›`y – wb¤œ w¯’i we›`y)|
✅ •Îawe›`y: †h ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó Pv‡c cvwb KwVb, Zij I ev®úxq Ae¯’vq GKB mvg¨ve¯’vq Ae¯’vb K‡i| •Îa we›`yi ZvcgvÎv Ttr = 273.16K Ges •Îa we›`y‡Z
cvwbi ev®ú Pvc 4.58mm cvi` ¯Í‡¤¢i D”PZvi mgvb|
✅ †÷dvb-Gi m~Î: E = T4
✅ fx‡bi/DB‡bi m~Î: mT = aªæeK (b) [fx‡bi ev DB‡bi aªæeK, b = 2.89  10–3 mK = 2898 mK]
✅ ZvcMwZwe`¨vi k~b¨Zg m~Î:
 m~‡Îi wee„wZ: `ywU e¯‘ hw` Z…Zxq †Kvb e¯‘i mv‡_ Zvcxq mvg¨ve¯’vq _v‡K, Z‡e cÖ_‡gv³ e¯‘ `ywU ci®ú‡ii mv‡_ Zvcxq mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡e|
 cÖ‡qvM: GB m~‡Îi Dci wfwË K‡i _v‡g©vwgUvi •Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 Avwe®‥viK: R.H. dvIjvi|
✅ ZvcgvÎvi aviYv:
 ZvcgvÎv ej‡Z e¯‘i DòZvi cwigvY eySvq| A_©vr Zvc n‡jv KviY Ges ZvcgvÎv Gi dj|
 ZvcgvÎv e¯‘i GKwU Zvcxq Ae¯’v, hv H e¯‘ n‡Z Ab¨ e¯‘‡Z Zv‡ci cÖevn wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges Zvc cÖev‡ni AwfgyL wba©viY K‡i|
 ‡iva _v‡g©vwgUv‡i cøvwUbvg †iva eënvi K‡i Ges Zwor †iv‡ai DòZv wgwZK a‡g©i Ici j¶ †i‡L ZvcgvÎv cwigvc Kiv nq|
c„ôv 400
ASPECT PHYSICS wØZxq cÎ  ZvcMwZwe`¨v 401
✅ D”PZi ZvcgvÎv wewKiY cvB‡ivwgUv‡i DËß e¯‘i wewKiY ag© Kv‡R jvwM‡q 500°C Gi D‡aŸ© ZvcgvÎv cwigvc Kiv nq|
ZvcgvÎv †¯‥j wb¤œ w¯’i we›`y EaŸ© w¯’i we›`y †g․wjK eëavb
†mjwmqvm (mve©Rbxb) 0C 100C 100
†Kjwfb 273K 373K 100
dv‡ibnvBU (Wv³vwi _v‡g©vwgUvi) 32F 212F 180
i¨vswKb †¯‥j 492 672 180
†ivgvi †¯‥j 0 80 80
9
✅ wewfbœ †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b: 1C = 5 F = 1K
_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii bvg DòZvwgwZK c`v_© DòZvwgwZK ag© cvjøv
Zij _v‡g©vwgUvi ‣KwkKb‡j Zij ¯Í¤¢| †hgb: cvi`, A¨vj‡Kvnj Zij ¯Í‡¤¢i •`N©¨ – 39° †_‡K 1500°C
w¯’i AvqZb M¨vm _v‡g©vwgUvi w¯’i AvqZ‡b M¨vm (†hgb-evqy) M¨v‡mi Pvc – 270° †_‡K 1500°C
w¯’i Pvc M¨vm _v‡g©vwgUvi w¯’i Pv‡c M¨vm M¨v‡mi AvqZb – 270° †_‡K 1500°C
‡iva _v‡g©vwgUvi cøvwUbvg †iva Zvi cwievnxi †iva – 2000° †_‡K 1200°C
_v‡g©vKvcj/ZvchyMj `ywU avZe c`v‡_©i hyMj Zvcxq Zwo”PvjK ej – 250° †_‡K 1500°C
_v‡g©vwgUvi/_vwg©÷i Aa©cwievnK c`v_© Zwor †iva 70° †_‡K 300°C
wewKiY cvB‡ivwgUvi K…òKvq cvZ DËß e¯‘i wewKiY 500°C Gi D‡aŸ©

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION
01. A¨vjywgwbqvg cvZ †_‡K †K‡U GKwU ejqvKvi A¨vjywgwbqvg wis •Zix Kiv 01. Pvc e„w× †c‡j ùyUbvsKÑ [RU. Astrazeneca, Set-1. 20-21]
n‡q‡Q| GwU Mig Ki‡j wK N‡U? [DU: 2018-19] A. K‡g B. ev‡o C. AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K D. †KvbwUB bq
A. A¨vjywgwbqvg evB‡ii w`‡K ewa©Z nq I wQ`ª GKB AvKv‡ii _v‡K S B info Pvc e„w× †c‡j ùzUbv¼ ev‡o Ges Pvc n«vm Ki‡j ùzUbv¼ K‡g|
B. wQ‡`ªi e¨vm K‡g hvq 02. ‡h e¯‘ Zvi Dci AvcwZZ mKj wewKiY †kvlY K‡i †bq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
C. wQ‡`ªi †ÿÎdj A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi †h‡Kv‡bv As‡ki †ÿÎd‡ji mgvb [RU: 2018-19]
Abycv‡Z e„w× cvq A. `~ e © j wewKiY B. DËß e¯‘ C. Av`k© K… ò e¯‘ D. †KvbwUB bq Ans C
D. wQ‡`ªi †ÿÎdj A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi †h‡Kv‡bv As‡ki †ÿÎd‡ji †P‡q †ewk 03 . ‡h h‡š¿ i mvnv‡h¨ Zvc cwigvc Kiv nq- [RU: 2017-18]
A. _vwg©÷vi B. cvB‡ivwgUvi C. _v‡g©vwgUvi D. K¨v‡jvwiwgUvi Ans D
Abycv‡Z e„w× cvq Ans C
04. M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ wbf©i K‡i †Kvb ivwki Ici| [RU: 17-18, 16–17]
02. GKwU Av`k© M¨vm GKwU Zvc AšÍi‡Ki AveiYhy³ `„p cv‡Î k~b¨ gva¨‡g
A. Pvc B. ZvcgvÎv C. AvqZb D. GbUªwc Ans B
cÖmvwiZ n‡jv| d‡j wb‡¤œi †KvbwU N‡U? [DU: 2018-19]
05. †h ZvcgvÎvq eid cvwb I Rjxq ev®ú mnve¯’v‡b _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j- [RU: 16-17]
A. AšÍ¯’ kw³i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv B. ZvcgvÎv n«vm cvq
A. •Îa we›`y B. wkwkivsK C. Kzix we›`y D. cig ZvcgvÎv Ans A
C. Pv‡ci †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv D. `kvi cwieZ©b nq Ans B
06. m~h© n‡Z c„w_exi evq~gÛ‡ji DcwifvM ch©šÍ Zvc ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †¶‡Î †Kvb
03. †Kvb e¨w³ ce©‡Z cvwb dzUv‡Z PvB‡j cvwbi cvÎ‡K †h ZvcgvÎvq DËß cÖwµqvwU mwVK? [RU: 2014–15]
Ki‡Z n‡e Zv- [DU: 2009-10, RU: 2018-19] A. wewKiY I cwienb B. cwienb I Av‡ek
A. Higher than 100°C B. Lower than 100°C C. cwiPjb D. wewKiY Ans D
C. To 100°c D. Cannot be determine Ans B 07. ‡Kvb ¯’v‡bi ZvcgvÎv †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j k~b¨ wWMÖx n‡j H ¯’v‡bi ZvcgvÎv
04. kx‡Zi †`‡k iv¯Ívq eid Mjv‡bvi Rb¨ jeY eënvi Kiv nq KviY- †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j KZ? [RU: 2011-12]
[DU: 2008-09; RU: 13-14]
A. 173 K B. 273 K C. 173 K D. –273 K
A. jeY ei‡di Mjbv¼ evwo‡q †`q
S B info †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎv, K = 273 + 0 = 273 K
B. jeY ei‡di Mjbv¼ Kwg‡q †`q
08. DuPz ce©‡Zi Dci †Lvjv cv‡Î ivbœv Kiv KwVb nIqvi KviY wK? [RU: 11-12]
C. jeY I eid wg‡j GKwU bZzb Zij ivmvqwbK †h․M •Zwi nq
A.D”PZv B. evqy Pv‡ci e„w×
D. cÖK…Zc‡¶ G c×wZ KvR K‡i bv Gi †Kvb •eÁvwbK wfwË †bB Ans B
C. ùzUbvs‡Ki n«vm D. ùzUbvs‡Ki e„w× Ans C
05. cvwb, eid I Rjxq ev®ú †h ZvcgvÎvq GK m‡½ _vK‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡jv 09. cvwbi ùzUbvsK me‡P‡q †ewk n‡e- [RU: 2007-08]
[DU: 2003-04]
A. bxPz mgZjf‚wg‡Z B. DuPz cvnv‡oi P‚ovq
A. 0K B. 273.16K C. 100K D. 4K Ans B
C. mgy‡`ªi av‡i D. me RvqMvq GKB _vK‡e Ans A
01. DòZvwgwZK ag© m¤úbœ e¯‘i D`vnib- [JU: 2017-18]
01. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi †Kvb m~Î‡K wfwË K‡i _v‡g©vwgUvi •Zwi Kiv nq?
A. •KwkK b‡j iw¶Z cvi` B. cøvwUbvg Zvi [CU-A, 19-20; P. †ev. 2017, e. †ev. 2017, h.†ev. 2015]
C. ZvchyM‡ji cwievnx Zvi D. mK‡jB Ans D A. k~b¨Zg B. cÖ_g C. wØZxq D. Z…Zxq
02. GKwU RjšÍ Pzjvi cv‡k ùvov‡j Mig Abyf‚Z nIqvi KviY? [JU: 2017-18] ZvcMwZwe`¨vi k~b¨Zg m~‡Îi Dci wfwË K‡i _v‡g©vwgUvi •Zwi
A. cwienb B. cwiPvjb Kiv nq| k~b¨Zg m~ÎwU n‡jv- `ywU e¯‘ hw` Z…Zxq †Kv‡bv e¯‘i mv‡_ Zvcxq
C. wewKiY D. mK‡jB Ans C mgZvq _v‡K Z‡e cÖ_‡gv³ e¯‘ `ywU ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Zvcxq mgZvq _vK‡e|
02. cvwbi wngv¼ KZ? [CU: 2015-16] JKKNIU

A. 0F B. 32F C. 80F D. 100F E. 212F 01. A¨v‡gvwbqvi wngv¼ KZ? [JKKNIU-B, Set-3, 19-20]
cvwbi wngv¼ 00C ev, 32F A. 0˚C B. 77.5˚C C. –77.73˚C D. 87.1˚C Ans C
03. dzUšÍ cvwb ev‡®ú cwiYZ n‡”Q G Ae¯’vq cvwbi Av‡cw¶K Zvc n‡e- [CU: 15-16]
A. k~b¨ B. GK C. GK Gi †P‡q †QvU
PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
D. Amxg E. †KvbwUB bq Ans D SUST
04. cig k~b¨ (absolute zero) mgvb KZ? [CU: 2015-16, IU: 2015-16] 01 . ei‡di Dc‡i mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡Z Amy weav nIqvi KviY- [SUST: 2006-07]
A. 0°C B. 0°F C. 0°R D. 0K E. –273°F Ans D A. ei‡di c„ôPvc Kg B. ei‡di Dci evqyi Pvc Kg
05. ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b bv K‡i Zij Ae¯’v †_‡K KwVb Ae¯’vq cwiYZ n‡Z C. Zvc K‡g hvq D. ei‡di Nl©YRwbZ ej AwZwi³ Kg Ans D
GKK f‡ii ewR©Z Zvc‡K ejv nq- [CU: 2012–13]
A. myßZvc B. Mj‡bi Av‡cw¶K myßZvc
C. KwVb fe‡bi Av‡cw¶K myßZvc D. ev®úxfe‡bi Av‡cw¶K myßZvc BUET
E. NYxfe‡bi Av‡cw¶K myßZvc Ans C 01. Mig e¯‘ VvÛv Ki‡Z †KvbwU AwaK Dc‡hvMx? [BUET: 2012-13]
06. ‡mjwmqvm I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g C I F n‡j, G‡ì gv‡S A. kxZj evZvm B. kxZj cvwb
m¤úK© n‡”Q- [CU: 2008-09] C. eid D. me¸‡jv mgvb Ans B
5 5
A. C =
9
F B. C =
9
(F – 32) STEP 07 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION
5 5 MAT
C. F = (F – 32) D. F = (C – 32) Ans B
9 9 01. e¯‘i †Kvb •ewkó¨wU cvB‡ivwgUv‡i eëüZ nq? [MAT. 2020-21]
A. •`N©¨ m¤úªmviY •ewkó¨ B. •e`y¨wZK •ewkó¨
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION C. wewKiY •ewkó¨ D. AcwUK¨vj •ewkó¨
PART A Analysis of General University Question S C info wewKiY cvB‡ivwgUv‡i DËß e¯‘i wewKiY ag© Kv‡R jvwM‡q
JnU 500C Gi D‡aŸ©i ZvcgvÎv cwigvc Kiv nq|
01. ‡÷dv‡bi m~Î (Stefan law) †KvbwU? [JnU: 2013-14] 02. cvwb ei‡d iƒcvšÍi Kiv n‡j Zvi NbZ¡- [MAT; 19-20]
A. ET B. ET 2
C. ET 3
D. ET 4
Ans D A. K‡g B. ev‡o C. k~b¨ nq D. GKB _v‡K
02. _vwg©÷i †Kvb ai‡Yi c`v_© w`‡q •Zix nq? [JnU: 2011-12] S A info 4C ZvcgvÎvq cvwbi NbZ¡ me‡P‡q †ewk| 4C †_‡K
A. cwievnx B. Kzcwievnx C. Aa©cwievnx D. †KvbwUB bq Ans C ZvcgvÎv evov‡bv ev Kgv‡bv hvB †nvK bv †Kb cvwbi NbZ¡ K‡g|
03. †KvbwU K¶ ZvcgvÎv? [MAT: 2014-15]
KU
A. 298K B. 310K C. 313K D. 288K
01. KZ †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvq Aa©cwievnx AšÍiK wnmv‡e KvR K‡i? [KU: 2018-19]
K¶ ZvcgvÎv = 25°C = 298k
A. –273 B. 0 C. 100 D. 273 Ans B
04. cvwb‡K 0°C ZvcgvÎv n‡Z 10°C ZvcgvÎvq DËß Ki‡j Dnvi AvqZb-
02. †Kvb e¯‘‡K Gi cvwicvwk¦©K kxZjZg Ask n‡Z AwaKZi kxZj K‡i kw³i [MAT: 2014-15]
weivg mieivn cvIqv m¤¢e bq| GB wee„wZwU Kvi? [KU: 2010-11] A. e„w× cvq B. K‡g
A. †Kjwf‡bi B. cø¨v‡¼i C. K¬wmqv‡mi D. Kv‡iviB bq Ans A C. cwiewZ©Z _v‡K D. cÖ_‡g ev‡o Zvici K‡g Ans D
03. GKK f‡ii †Kvb KwVb c`v‡_©i ZvcgvÎvi †Kvbiƒc cwieZ©b bv K‡i 05. MÖxb nvDR wµqv wb‡gœ †Kvb m~Î Øviv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq?
ïaygvÎ KwVb n‡Z Zij Ae¯’vq cwiYZ Ki‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY Zv‡ci [MAT: 2007-08, BRUR 13-14]
cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB Zvc‡K D³ c`v‡_©i Mj‡bi- [KU: 2004-05] A. fx‡bi m~ Î B. w÷‡d‡bi m~Î
A. MjbvsK e‡j B. myßZvc e‡j C. wbDU‡bi m~Î D. †KvbwUB bq Ans A
C. wngvsK e‡j D. ùzUbvsK e‡j Ans B DAT
IU 01. cvwbi •Îawe›`y (Triple point) ZvcgvÎv- [DAT. 2020-21, JUST-B, 19-20]
01. wewKY© Zvc P‡j- [IU: 16–17] A. 263.16K B. 253.16K C. 373.15K D. 273.16K
A. k‡ãi †e‡M B. we`y¨‡Zi †e‡M S D info cvwbi •Îa we›`y i ZvcgvÎv T r = 273.16 K
C. Av‡jvi †e‡M D. evZv‡mi †e‡M Ans C GKwU wbw`©ó Pv‡c †h ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv c`v_© KwVb, Zij I evqexq iƒ‡c
02. ZvcgvÎv cwigv‡ci Rb¨ Aa©cwievnx Øviv •Zix Zvc my‡e`x †ivaK‡K ejv mvgë¯’vq _v‡K Zv‡K IB c`v‡_©i •Îawe›`y e‡j|
nq- [IU: 2015-16] 02. Kv‡b©v P‡µi cÖ_g av‡ci †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [DAT: 2016-17; P. †ev. 2015]
A. _v‡g©vwgUvi B. _vwg©÷i C. cvB‡ivwgUvi D. †iva _v‡g©vwgUvi Ans B A. ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq B. AšÍt¯’ kw³ n«vm cvq
03. wb‡Pi †KvbwU MÖxbnvDR M¨vm bq? [IU: 2013–14] C. ZvcgvÎv w¯’ i _v‡K D. Zv‡ci wewKiY nq Ans C
A. CO2 B. CH4 C. CO D. †KvbwUB bq Ans D AFMC
BRUR 01. gvbe‡`‡ni ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvÑ [AFMC. 2020-21]
01. 120C ZvcgvÎvq cvwb KZ Pv‡c ev‡®ú cwiYZ nq? [BRUR: 2015-16]
A . 36.6C B . 90F C. 40C D . 41C
A. 0.7534 atm B. 1.7354 atm S A info gvby‡li kix‡ii ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv cÖvq 37 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm
C. 0.7354 atm D. 1.07354 atm Ans A (98.6 dv‡ibnvBU)|
STEP 08 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION 08. Ò†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY Zvckw³ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e hvwš¿K kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi
g‡Zv hš¿ wbg©vY m¤¢e bq|ÓÑ Dw³wU †Kvb weÁvbx cÖ`vb K‡ib? [w`. †ev. 2021]
01. Zvcxq PjK n‡jvÑ [Xv. †ev. 2015, P. †ev. 2017]
A. cøvsK B. †Kjwfb C. K¬wmqvm D. Kv‡Y©v Ans D
i. Pvc ii. AvqZb iii. AšÍt¯’ kw³
09. GKwU c`v‡_©i ZvcwgwZK ag©Ñ [w`. †ev. 2015]
i. Pv‡ci mgvbycvwZK ii. AvqZ‡bi mgvbycvwZK
A. i, ii I iii B. i I ii C. ii I iii D. i I iii Ans B
iii. ZvcgvÎvi mgvbycvwZK
02. GKwU w¯’i we›`y c×wZ‡Z ZvcgvÎv cwigv‡ci g~jbxwZ eëüZ nq wb‡¤œi
†Kvb †¯‥‡j? [iv.‡ev. 2016]
A. i B. ii C. iii D. i I iii Ans C
A. †mjwmqvm B. †ivgvi C. †Kjwfb D. dv‡ibnvBU Ans C
10. wP‡Îi wZbwU eø‡Ki ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g 1C, 2C I 3C hviv ci¯ú‡ii
03. wb‡Pi †Kvb kw³ Ab¨ kw³‡Z mn‡R iƒcvwšÍZ n‡Z Pvq bv? [P. †ev. 2016]
mv‡_ Zvcxq ms¯úk© Av‡Q| [wm. †ev. 2016]
A. Zvc B. Av‡jv C. kã D. Zwor Ans A
04. wbw`©ó cwigvY M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ wb‡¤œv³ †KvbwUi Ici wbf©i K‡i bv?  1C  2C  3C
[P. †ev. 2016] eøK-1 eøK-2 eøK-3

A. Pvc B. AvqZb C. ZvcgvÎv D. fi Ans D †Kvb ZvcgvÎv Zvcxq mvgë¯’ v wb‡`©k K‡i?
05. M¨vm KZ©„K K…ZKvR m¤úbœ n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e? [P. †ev. 2015]  1 C  2 C  3C
A. AvqZb e„w× cvq B. AvqZb n«vm cvq A . 5 10 5

C. fi e„w× cvq D. fi n«vm cvq Ans A B. 10 5 10
C. 15 15 15
06. wZbwU wm‡÷g Zvcxq mvg¨ve¯’vq _vK‡j Zv‡ì wb‡Pi †Kvb ivwkwU GKB
n‡e? [P. †ev. 2015]
D . 20 15 15 Ans C
A. fi B. ZvcgvÎv C. AšÍt¯’ kw³ D. wefe kw³ Ans B 11. †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi `ywU †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zv‡ci AbycvZ GKwU aªæe ivwk| GB
07. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j cvwbi •Îawe›`yi ZvcgvÎv n‡jvÑ [w`. †ev. 2017] aªæe ivwk‡K †h cÖZxK Øviv cKvk Kiv nq Zv n‡jv- [mKj †evW© 2018]
A. 0 F B. 32 F C. 273 F D. 273.16 F Ans B A .  B . R C.  D . K Ans A
Concept 2 ZvcMwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Î (Ryj I K¬wmqv‡mi gZev`, 1g m~‡Îi Zvrch© )

✅ ZvcMwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Î:
 cÖ`vb K‡ib: weÁvbx †Rgm †cÖmKU Ryj  mvaviYfv‡e cÖKvk K‡ib: K¬wmqvm
✅ Ry‡ji gZev`:
 weÁvbx Ryj me© cÖ_g Zvc I Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡ib| G‡K Ry‡ji gZev` e‡j|
 Ry‡ji gZev`: hLb KvR m¤ú~Y© fv‡e Zv‡c ev Zvc m¤ú~Y© fv‡e Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ nq ZLb KvR I Zvc ci®ú‡ii mgvbycvwZK nq|
A_©vr W  H
 W = JH Zv‡ci hvwš¿K mgZv
ÿgZv/Ryj Zzj¨vsK
vsK
W
J=  J Gi GKK Jcal–1
H
Gm AvB GK‡K J Gi GKK bvB; W I H Df‡qiB GKK Joule
✅ K¬wmqv‡mi gZev`:
 hLb †Kvb eë¯’vq Zvc mieivn Kiv nq ev eë¯’v KZ…©K Zvc M„nxZ nq, ZLb Zvi wKq`sk Af¨šÍixY kw³ e„w× Ki‡Z A_©vr ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡Z Ges
Aewkó Ask evwn¨K KvR m¤úv`‡b eëüZ nq|
 m~‡Îi cÖKvk: dQ = dU + dW [dQ = M„nxZ ev ewR©Z Zvc kw³; dU = Af¨šÍixY kw³i cwieZ©b; dW = PV K…Z KvR]
wm‡÷g Zvckw³ eR©‡b (–) dQ wm‡÷g Zvckw³ MÖn‡Y (+)
Af¨šÍixY kw³ n«vm †c‡j (–) dU Af¨šÍixY kw³ e„w×‡Z (+)
wm‡÷‡gi Dci evwni †_‡K KvR Kiv n‡j/ AvqZb n«vm †c‡j (–) dW wm‡÷g wb‡R KvR Ki‡j/AvqZb e„w× †c‡j (+)
✅ ZvcMwZ we`¨vi 1g m~‡Îi Zvrch©:
 †Kvb wKQz e¨q bv K‡i KvR/kw³ cvIqv Am¤¢e|  KvR I Zvc G‡K Ac‡ii mgZyj¨|
 GwU kw³i msi¶bkxjZv m~‡Îi we‡kliƒc  R¡vjvwb kw³ e¨wZZ †Kvb hš¿B KvR Ki‡Z m¶g bq|
✅ 1847 mv‡j †Rgm †cÖmKU Ryj Zvc I hvwš¿K kw³i g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbY©q K‡ib;
✅ ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡j AšÍt¯’ kw³ cwiewZ©Z nq bv;
✅ gvby‡li kix‡ii mvavib ZvcgvÎv 98.4°F Ges †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j GB ZvcgvÎv 36.9°C/37°C|
✅ wm‡÷g (System): cix¶v-wbix¶vi mgq Avgiv Ro RM‡Zi LvwbKUv wbw`©ó Ask we‡ePbv Kwi| Ro RM‡Zi GB wbw`©ó Ask‡K wm‡÷g ev eë¯’v e‡j|
✅ Zvcxq wm‡÷‡gi cÖKvi‡f`:
cÖKvi •ewkó¨ D`vniY
i. Db¥y³ wm‡÷g  fi I kw³ DfqB wewbgq K‡i|  cwievnx c`v_©|
ii. e× wm‡÷g  ïay kw³ wewbgq K‡i| –
iii. wew”Qbœ wm‡÷g ev Kzcwievnx wm‡÷g  fi I kw³ wKQzB wewbgq K‡i bv|  Kzcwievnx c`v_©|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION
01. kw³i wbZ¨Zv m~ÎwU ZvcMwZwe`¨vi †Kvb m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq? MAT
[RU. Astrazeneca, Set-1. 20-21, MBSTU-B, Set-2 19-20]
A. k~b¨Zg m~Î B. cÖ_g m~Î C. wØZxq m~Î D. cÖ_g I wØZxq m~Î 01. evB‡ii kw³i mvnvh¨ Qvov †Kvb ¯^qswµq h‡š¿i c‡¶ wbgœ DòZvi e¯‘ n‡Z
S B info kw³i wbZ¨Zv m~ÎwU ZvcMwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Î, dQ = dU + D”PZi DòZvi e¯‘‡Z Zvc ¯’vbvšÍi m¤¢e bq| GwU †Kvb wee„wZ? [MAT: 2006-07]
dW Gi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| A. K¬vwmqv‡mi B. cøvs‡Ki
02. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Î cÖK…Zc‡¶- [RU: 2017-18 ; P. †ev. 2016]
C. †Kjwf‡bi D. Kv‡bv© Ans B
A. fi‡e‡Mi wbZ¨Zvi m~Î B. kw³i wbZ¨Zvi m~Î
C. f‡ii wbZ¨Zvi m~Î D. ZvcgvÎv wba©vi‡Yi m~Î Ans B
03. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Î bx‡Pi †Kvb `ywUi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i?
[RU: 2016–17; KU: 2017-18; wm. †ev. 2015] 01. Zvc AšÍi‡Ki AveiYhy³ `„p cv‡Î GKwU Av`k© M¨vm k~b¨ gva¨‡g cÖmviY
A. Zvc I KvR B. ej I kw³ C. Zvc I ej D. KvR I ¶gZv Ans A Kiv n‡jv| d‡j wb‡¤œi †KvbwU NU‡e? [P. †ev. 2021]
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION A. AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b n‡e bv
01. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi cÖ_g m~Î †KvbwU? [CU-A, Set-1. 20-21; ; Xv. †ev. 2017] B. ZvcgvÎv n«vm cv‡e
A. Q = U + W B. W = Q + U C. Pv‡ci †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv
C. Q =W – U D. W = Q – U Ans A
D. `kvi cwieZ©b n‡e Ans B
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION 02. T1 I T2 ZvcgvÎvi `ywU e¯‘i Avf¨šÍixY kw³ h_vµ‡g U1 I U2 †hLv‡b
PART A Analysis of General University Question T1 > T2| wew”Qbœ wm‡÷‡g e¯‘Øq Zvcxq mvgë¯’vq Avm‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU
CoU N‡U? [wm. †ev. 2021]
01. KvR †c‡Z n‡j Aek¨B Zvc mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e-GwU cvIqv hvq- [CoU: 16-17]
A. U1 e„w× U2 n«vm B. U1 n«vm U2 e„w×
A. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi 1g m~Î n‡Z B. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi 2q m~Î n‡Z
C. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi 3q m~Î n‡Z D. Ry‡ji m~Î n‡Z Ans A C. U 1 e„ w× U 2 e„ w× D. U1 n«vm U2 n«vm Ans B
Concept 3 ZvcMZxq cwieZ©b (m‡gvò, iæ×Zvcxq, mgPvc Ges mgAvqZb)

✅ ZvcMZxq cwieZ©b Pvi cÖKvi:
 mgPvcxq cwieZ©b (Isobaric)  Pvc w¯’i, P = 0 ◈ m‡gvò cÖwµqvi †¶‡Î, wm‡÷g ev eë¯’v KZ…©K KvR, wm‡÷‡g
mieivnK…Z ev M„nxZ Zvckw³i mgvb;
 mgAvqZb cwieZ©b (Isochoric) AvqZb w¯’i, V = 0 ◈ iƒ×Zvcxq cÖmviY cÖwµqvi †¶‡Î, Af¨šÍixb kw³ n«vm cvq + ZvcgvÎv
 m‡gvò cwieZ©b (Isothermal) DòZv/ZvcgvÎv w¯’i, T = 0 n«vm cvq (dU = – dW);
◈ aªæe AvqZb cÖwµqvi †¶‡Î, AšÍt¯’ kw³i e„w× mieivnK…Z Zvckw³i
 iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©b (Adiabetic)  Zvckw³ w¯’i, Q = 0 mgvb (dQ = dU);
1
✅ m‡gvò cwieZ©b: ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡j V  P A_©vr e‡q‡ji m~Î †g‡b P‡j| V Gi mv‡_ P Gi e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK m¤úK© myZivs †jLwPÎ hyperbola/Awae„ËvKvi n‡e|
PV
AvB‡mv_vg©vj †iLv AvB‡mv_vg©vj †iLv
P
V
AvB‡mv_vg©vj †iLv [AvqZvKvi Awae„Ë]
1 V P
P
P Xvj = – V
1
[V  ] ;
P
[PV = aªæeK]
✅ m‡gvò cwieZ©‡bi kZ©:
 M¨vm, mycwievnx cv‡Î _vK‡e|  PZzc©vk©¦¯’ gva¨‡gi ZvcMÖvnxZv D”P n‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvcMÖnY ev eR©‡bi Øviv ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡e|  Pv‡ci cwieZ©b ax‡i ax‡i msNwUZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
✅ iƒ×Zvcxq cwieZ©b: †h cÖwµqvq wm‡÷g Zvckw³ MÖnY ev eR©b K‡i bv|
✅ iƒ×Zvcxq cwieZ©‡bi kZ©: P iæ×Zvcxq †iLv
 M¨vm Kzcwievnx cv‡Î _vK‡e|
m‡gvò †iLv
 PZzcv© k©¦¯’ gva¨‡gi ZvcMÖnxZv Kg n‡e|
 Pvc cwieZ©b `ªæZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
V

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION 02. •e`y¨wZK †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q we`y¨r cÖevwnZ n‡j Zvc m„wó nq| GwU GKwU-
[KU: 2009-10]
01. iæ× Zvcxq cÖwµqvq wb‡gœi †Kvb mgxKiYwU ï×? [DU: 01-02, A. AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqv B. iƒ×Zvcxq cÖwµqv
JU: 2011-12, 2012-13; RU: 2009-10, 2017-18; CU: 2010-11; IU: 2011-12] C. m‡gvò cÖwµqv D. cÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqv
Ans A
A. PV1- = Constant B. PV = Constant
03. GKwU Mvwo Pj‡Z _vK‡j Zvi Uvqv‡ii wfZi wKQz ZvcMZxq cÖwµqv P‡j|
C. PV = Constant D. T = Constant Ans B
GB cÖwµqvwU nj- [KU: 2007-08]
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION A. m‡gvò cÖ wµqv (Isothermal process)
01. `ywU e¯Íyi Nl©‡Yi d‡j Zvc Drcbœ nq, GwU GKwU- [JU: 2018-19]
B. iæ× Zvcxq cÖwµqv (Adiabatic process)
A. cÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqv B. AcÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqv C. aªæe-AvqZb cÖwµqv (Isochoric process)
D. aªæe Pvc cÖwµqv (Isobaric process) Ans C
C. iæ× ZvcxqcÖwµqv D. m‡gvòcÖwµqv Ans B
04. cÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvi †¶‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨ bq? [KU: 2001-02]
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION A. GB cÖwµqvq wecixZgyLx n‡q cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i B. GwU Lye axi cÖwµqv
01. iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Î mZ¨ bqÑ [RU. Sinovac, Set-1. 20-21]
C. GwU ¯^Ztd‚Z© cÖwµqv D. f‚-c„ô †_‡K Af¨šÍ‡i Ans D
A. M¨v‡mi AšÍwb©wnZ kw³ w¯’i _v‡K B. Zv‡ci Av`vb-cÖ`vb nq bv CoU
C. ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b nq 
D. PV = aªæeK 01. iæ×Zvcxq cÖ w µqvq Pvc cÖ ‡qvM Ki‡j wb‡gœi †Kvb mgxKiYwU ï×- [CoU: 2012-13]
S A info M¨v‡mi iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Î AšÍ©bxwnZ kw³ w¯’i _v‡K bv| A. Q =0 B. T =0 C. A I B D. †KvbwUB bq Ans A
02. iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©‡bi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- [RU: 2015-16] IU
i. GwU GKwU AwZ `ªæZ cÖwµqv ii. GB cwieZ©‡b ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _v‡K 01. †Kvb wm‡÷‡gi Ae¯’ v i cwieZ© ‡ bi †¶‡Î Reversible Process GKwU-
iii. GB cwieZ©‡b cvÎwU Zvc Kzcwievnx nIqv ìKvi [IU: 2015-16]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ans B A. GKgy L x cÖ w µqv B. axi cÖ w µqv C. `ª æ Z cÖ w µqv D. ¯^ Z tùz Z © cÖ w µqv Ans B
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii 02. m‡gvò cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb wm‡÷‡gi Pvc cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e- [IU: 2011-12]
03. cÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvq †h †Kvb eë¯’vi GbUªwc- [RU: 2006-07]
A. Lye `ªæZ B. gvSvwifv‡e C. Lye Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í D. †h †Kvb fv‡e Ans C
A. n«vm cvq B. e„w× cvq C. w¯’i _v‡K D. mvgvb¨ cwiewZ©Z nq Ans C BRUR
01. iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq †Kvb †f․Z ivwk w¯’i _v‡K? [BRRU-F, Set-2, 19-20;Xv.
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION †ev. 2018, e.‡ev. 2015,17]
01. †Kvb e¯‘i KwVb Ae¯’v †_‡K Zij Ae¯’vq bv †h‡q mivmwi evqexq Ae¯’vb A. ZvcgvÎv B. Pvc C. GbUªwc D. Af¨šÍixY kw³
iƒcvšÍi c×wZ‡K wK e‡j? [CU-A, Set-1. 20-21] iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq GbUªwc w¯’i _v‡K Ges AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvq
A. Nbxfeb B. ev®úxKiY C. DaŸ©cvZb D. GKxfeb GbUªwc e„w× cvq|
S C info †Kv‡bv KwVb e¯‘‡K DËß Ki‡j Zv Zi‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ bv n‡q PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
mivmwi ev‡®ú ev evqexq `kvq cwiYZ nIqv‡K DaŸ©cvZb e‡j| SUST
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF DU-7 Clg QUESTION 01. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvi Av`k© M¨v‡mi P-V †jLwPÎwU n‡e GKwU: [SUST:2018-19]
01. GKwU Av`k© M¨vm m¼zwPZ n‡q wb‡P D‡jøwLZ wewfbœ Zvcxq cÖwµqvq Zvi A. AvqZvKvi Awae„Ë B. P-A‡ÿi mgšÍivj mij‡iLv C. Dce„Ë
cÖK…Z AvqZ‡bi A‡a©K AvqZ‡b n«vm cvq| bx‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk D. cive„ Ë E. V-A‡ÿi mgvšÍ i vj mij‡iLv Ans A
KvR m¤úbœ nq? [DU. 7Clg-A: 20-21] MBSTU
A. m‡gvò B. iæ×Zvcxq C. mgAvqZb D. mgPvcxq 01. iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©‡b AvqZb I ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© nj-
S A info m‡gvò cÖwµqvq ms‡KvPb I cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ K…ZKv‡Ri gvb  [MBSTU-B, Set-2 19-20;IU. 12-3,BUET. 13-14]
A. TV1 B. TV C. TV D. T1V
iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq ms‡KvPb I cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ K…ZKvR| 1–
(i) PV = aªæeK (ii) TV – 1 = aªæeK (iii) TP  = aªæeK
NSTU
PART A Analysis of General University Question 01. ‡h cÖwµqvq wm‡÷g †_‡K Zvc evB‡i hvq bv ev evB‡i †_‡K Zvc wm‡÷‡g
JnU Av‡m bv Zv‡K †Kvb cÖwµqv e‡j? [NSTU: 2014-15]
01. PV = aªæeK mgxKi‡Y wØcigvYyK (diatomic) M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î  Gi gvb A. m‡gvò cÖwµqv B. iƒ×Zvcxq cÖwµqv
KZ? [JnU: 2015-16] C. cÖmviY cÖwµqv D. mgPvc cÖwµqv Ans B
A. 1.20 B. 1.40 C. 1.33 D. †KvbwUB bq Ans B
02. iæ×Zvcxq (Adiabatic) cÖwµqvq GbUªwc (Entropy) [JnU: 2014–15]
A. e„w× cvq B. K‡g hvq C. †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv D. †KvbwUB bq Ans C BUET
03. GKwU iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq cwi‡e‡ki ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j wm‡÷‡gi AYyi 01. †Kvb Zvc-hyM‡ji Rb¨ wb‡Pi gšÍe¨ ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU mwVK bq?
[BUET: 2011-12]
MwZkw³- [JnU: 2011-12] A. †Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó Zvc-hyMj †m‡Ui Rb¨ wbi‡c¶ ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _v‡K|
A. e„w× cvq B. n«vm cvq C. mgvb _v‡K D. k~Y¨ nq Ans A B. wbi‡c¶ ZvcgvÎv kxZj ms‡hv‡Mi ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
KU C. Drµg ZvcgvÎv kxZj ms‡hv‡Mi ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
01. PjšÍ Mvwoi Uvqv‡ii †fZi †Kvb ZvcMZxq cÖwµqv P‡j? [KU:2018-19] D. wbi‡c¶ ZvcgvÎvq m‡e©v”P Zvcxq ZworPvjK kw³ cvIqv hvq|
A. m‡gvò B. iæ×Zvcxq C. mgAvqZb D. mgPvc Ans C Drµg ZvcgvÎv kxZj ms‡hv‡Mi ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
STEP 08 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION 07. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi †Kvb cÖwµqvq M¨v‡mi Dci †Kv‡bv KvR nq bv? [iv. †ev. 2021]
A. m‡gvò B. mg-AvqZb C. mgPvcxq D. iæ× Zvcxq Ans B
MAT 08. iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©‡bi mgq Av`k© M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î Pvc I ZvcgvÎvi m¤úK© n‡jvÑ
01. iæ× Zvc cÖwµqvi †¶‡Î wb‡¤œi †KvbwU mwVK bq? [MAT: 2011-12] [P. †ev. 2021, g.‡ev. 2021]
A. ZvcgvÎv aªæe _v‡K bv wKš‘ Zv‡ci cwieZ©b nq bv| A_©vr dQ = 0 1– 1–
B. GwU GKwU axi cÖwµqv A. TP  = aªæeK B. PT  = aªæeK
C. GB cÖwµqvq Zvc †kvlY ev eR©b Kiv nq bv|  
D. GB cÖwµqvq M¨v‡mi Pvc I AvqZ‡bi mm¤úK© pv = aªæeK C. TP1 – 

= aªæeK D. = aªæeK PT1 –  Ans A
iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqv GKwU AwZ `ªæZ cÖwµqv| 09. GKwU Kv‡b©v P‡µ iæ×Zvcxq cÖmviY KqwU? [P. †ev. 2017]
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU iƒ× Zvcxq cÖwµqvi •ewkó¨;- [MAT: 2010-11] A. 1 wU B. 2 wU C. 3 wU D. 4 wU
A. e‡q‡ji m~Î Abymib K‡i S A info Kv‡b©vi P‡µ GKwU m‡gvò I GKwU iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq
B. iƒ× Zvcxq †jL A‡c¶vK…Z Lvov cÖmviY N‡U Ges GKwU m‡gvò I GKwU iæ×Zvcxq ms‡KvPb N‡U|
C. GB cÖwµqvq wm‡÷‡g ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _v‡K bv 10. †Kvb M¨v‡mi Rb¨ iæ×Zvcxq †jL AwaK Lvov? [w`. †ev. 2021]
D. AvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z nq Ans B A. wbqb B. Aw·‡Rb C. I‡Rvb D. Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW Ans A
03. †h cÖwµqvq †Kvb wm‡÷‡gi ZvcgvÎv w¯’i †i‡L c`v‡_©i Pvc I AvqZ‡bi 11. m‡gvò cÖwµqvi †ÿ‡ÎÑ [w`. †ev. 2021]
cwieZ©b NUv‡bv nq, Zvnv bx‡P D‡jøwLZ †Kvb cÖwµqv? (MAT: 2007-08] P 1
i. ii. P iii. PV
A. ZvcRvZxq B. mgPvc C. m‡gvò D. iƒ×Zvcxq Ans C
V V V
04. †Kvb Dw³wU mZ¨ bq? [MAT: 2006-07] wb‡Pi †KvbwUmwVK?
–1
A. fi †e‡Mi GKK nj f‡ii GKK X †e‡Mi GKK (Kgms ) A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans B
B. †K․wbK †eM‡K e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© Øviv fvM Ki‡j ‣iwLK †eM cvIqv hvq 12. iæ× Zvcxq cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡ÎÑ [w`. †ev. 2021]
C. k‡ãi ZxeªZv Dr‡mi K¤úvs‡Ki e‡M©i mgvbycvwZK Ans B i. nVvr msNwVZ nq ii. ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _v‡K
D. iƒ× Zvcxq †iLv m‡gvò †iLvi †P‡q AwaKZi Lvov iii. GbUªwci cwieZ©b k~b¨
05. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ZvcRvZxq cwieZ©b bq? [MAT: 2003-04]
A. m‡gvò cwieZ©b B. mgAvqZb cwieZ©b A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans C
C. mgPvc cwieZ©b D. mgag©x cwieZ©b Ans D
13. m‡gvò cÖwµqvq wm‡÷‡gi †Kvb ivwkwU w¯’i _v‡K? [w`. †ev. 2016]
06. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqv bq? [MAT: 2003-04]
A. AvqZb B. Zvc C. ZvcgvÎv D. Pvc Ans C
A. e¨vcb B. cwiPvjb C. wewKiY D. cÖwZmiY Ans D
14. cÖZ¨veZx© cÖwµqv GKwU- [h. †ev. 2016]
STEP 09 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION A. ¯^Ztù’Z© cÖwµqv B. `ªæZ cÖwµqv
01. m‡gvò †iLvi Xvj iƒ×Zvcxq †iLvi Xvj A‡cÿv KZ¸Y Lvov? [Xv. †ev. 2021] C . GKgy L x cÖ wµqv D. ZvcMZxq cÖwµqv Ans D
1 1 15. Kv‡b©vi P‡µi PZz_© av‡c wK N‡U? [Kz. †ev. 2017]

A. + B. +  C.  D.   A . m‡gvò cÖ m viY B . m‡gvò ms‡KvPb
 
1 C. iæ×Zvcxq ms‡KvPb D. iæ×Zvcxq cÖmviY Ans C
S A info iæ×Zvcxq =   m‡gvò  m‡gvò †iLv =   iæ×Zvcxq| 16. †KvbwU iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©‡bi •ewkó¨ wb‡`©k K‡i? [Kz. †ev. 2016]
02. evqy gva¨‡g kã mÂvjb †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwµqv? [Xv. †ev. 2021] A. GB cwieZ©‡b ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b N‡U
A. m‡gvò B. mgPvcxq C. mgAvqZb D. iƒ×Zvcxq Ans C B. iæ×Zvcxq †jL m‡gvò †jL A‡cÿv Lvov
03. iƒ×Zvcxq cÖmvi‡Y †KvbwU mwVK? [Xv. †ev. 2021] C. GwU GKwU `ªæZ cÖwµqv
[GLv‡b W = evwn¨K KvR, U = AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b, Q = cÖhy³ Zvc] D. GB cwieZ©‡b cvÎ Zvc mycwievnx Ans D
A. W = U B. w =  U C. Q = U D. Q =  U 17 . wb‡Pi †Kvb¸‡jv ZvcMZxq PjK wb‡`© k K‡i? [Kz. †ev. 2016]
S B info Q = U + W A. P. V. T. M B. P. T. V. U
 U + w = 0 [Q = 0, iæ×Zvcxq] w =  U C. P. V. T. S D. P. V. T. Q Ans C
04. wb‡Pi †Kvb †jLwPÎwU P  V Gi cwieZ©b wb‡`©k K‡i? [Xv. †ev. 2016]
18 . iæ×Zvcxq cÖ m vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? [wm. †ev. 2017]
P P P
A. wm‡÷‡gi Ici KvR m¤úbœ nq B. ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _v‡K
P
A. B. C. D. C. AšÍt¯’ kw³ n«vm cvq D. Zvc ewR©Z nq Ans C
O V O V O V
O V Ans D
19. iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ© ‡ bÑ [wm. †ev. 2016]
i. ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b N‡U bv ii. cvÎ Zvc Kzcwievnx nIqv cÖ‡qvRb
05. m‡gvò †iLv †KvbwU? [Xv. †ev. 2015]
iii. Av`k© M¨v‡mi mgxKiY n‡jv, P1V1 = P2V2
A. B. C. D. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ans B
P P P P A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii
V V V V Ans A
06. wb‡Pi wee„wZ¸‡jv jÿ¨ Ki: [P. †ev. 2021; g. †ev. 2021]
 wb‡Pi Pvc ebvg AvqZb †jLwP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 20, 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
i. †h ZvcgvÎvq †Kv‡bv c`v_© KwVb, Zij I evqexqiƒ‡c mvg¨ve¯’vq _v‡K `vI: [wm. †ev. 2015]
Y
Zv‡K H c`v‡_©i •Îa we›`y e‡j A
ii. †h cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ZvcMZxq ¯’vbvs‡Ki gv‡bi cwieZ©b nq †mB
cwieZ©b‡K ZvcMZxq cÖwµqv e‡j
Pvc, P
B
iii. †Kv‡bv wm‡÷‡gi kw³ iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ kw³i AcÖvc¨Zv‡K GbUªwc e‡j
C
A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D O AvqZb, V X
20. AB †jLwP‡Îi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? 24. Zvc AšÍi‡Ki AveiYhy³ `„p cv‡Î GKwU Av`k© M¨vmk~b¨ gva¨‡g cÖmviY
A. PV–1 = aªæeK B. PV = aªæeK Kiv n‡jv| d‡j wb‡¤œi †KvbwU NU‡e? [g. †ev. 2021]
C. PV–1 = aªæeK D. PV = aªæeK Ans B A. AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b n‡e bv B. ZvcgvÎv n«vm cv‡e
21. AC †jLwP‡Îi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? C. Pv‡ci †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv D. `kvi cwieZ©b n‡e Ans D
A. PV = aªæeK B. PV–1 = aªæeK 25. m‡gvò cÖwµqvq w¯’i AvqZ‡b †Kvb ivwkwU cwiewZ©Z nq? [gv. †ev. 2018]
C. PV+1 = aªæeK D. PV = aªæeK Ans D A. Pvc B. GbUªwc C. ZvcgvÎv D. AšÍt¯’ kw³ Ans A
22. wØcvigvYweK M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î AC †jL AB †jL A‡cÿv KZ ¸Y Lvov? 26. GK Kvc Mig `y‡a GKwU VvÛv PvgP Wzev‡bv n‡j- [gv. †ev. 2017, Kz. †ev. 2016]
A. 1.33 B. 1.41 C. 1.50 D. 1.67 Ans B i. `y‡ai AšÍt¯’ kw³ e„w× cvq ii. Pvg‡Pi AšÍt¯’ kw³ e„w× cvq
23. hw` evqyc~Y© GKwU †ejyb dz‡U hvq, cÖwµqvwU‡ZÑ [wm. †ev. 2016] iii. `y‡ai AšÍt¯’ kw³ GKB _v‡K
i. KvR m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q ii. Af¨šÍixY kw³ I ZvcgvÎv K‡g †M‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. GbUªwci cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q A. i B. ii C. i I iii D. ii I iii Ans B
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 27. PV = aªæeK mgxKiYwU †Kvb cÖwµqv‡K mg_©b K‡i? [gv. †ev. 2017]
A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D A. m‡gvò B. mgAvqZb C. mgPvc D. iæ×Zvcxq Ans A
Concept 4 CP, CV Ges R Gi m¤úK©

✅ GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi Cp Ges Cv Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK©: Cp – Cv = R
†h‡nZz mve©Rbxb ev †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK R me©`v GKwU abvZ¥K ivwk, myZivs, Cp > Cv  Cp me©`vB Cv Gi †P‡q eo|
†gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK : R = 8.314 Jmole–1K–1 A_ev, R = 0.0821 Latm mol–1K-1
C
✅ w¯’i Pv‡c M¨v‡mi †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc Cp Ges w¯’i AvqZ‡b M¨v‡mi †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc CV Gi AbycvZ‡K  Øviv m~wPZ Kiv nq; A_©vr  = Cp
v
3 3 5
M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i mvnv‡h¨ GK cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î cvIqv hvq, Cv = 2R  Cp = Cv + R = 2R + R = 2R
✅ wewfbœ M¨v‡mi  Gi gvb:
M¨v‡mi MV‡b cigvYy msL¨v D`vniY Cp Gi gvb Cv Gi gvb  Gi gvb
5 3 1.67
GK cvigvYweK M¨vm He, Ne, Ar R R
2 2
7 5 1.41
wØ-cvigvYweK M¨vm H2, O2, N2, Cl2 R R
2 2
wÎ-cigvYyK/eû cvigvYweK M¨vm CO2, C2H6, NH3 4R 3R 1.33
◈ wKQz ejv bv _vK‡j  Gi gvb 1.4 eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| ◈ M¨vm Øviv KvR m¤úvw`Z n‡j, AšÍt¯’ kw³ n«vm cvq;
iæ×Zvcxq †iLvi Xvj
◈ iƒ×Zvcxq †iLv m‡gvò †iLv A‡c¶v  ¸Y Lvov,
m‡gvò †iLvi Xvj = 
◈ ev¯Íe M¨vm mg~n ïaygvÎ D”P ZvcgvÎvq I wbgœ Pv‡c Av`k© M¨v‡mi b¨vq AvPiY K‡i
◈ M¨v‡mi †gvjvi Av‡cw¶K Zvc: †Kvb e¯‘i GK †gv‡ji ZvcgvÎv GK †Kjwfb e„w× Ki‡Z †h cwigvY Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb nq, Zv‡K M¨v‡mi †gvjvi
dQ
Av‡cwÿK Zvc e‡j| C = ndT|
◈ M¨v‡mi †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc 2 cÖKvi: (1) w¯’i Pv‡c †gvjvi Av‡cw¶K Zvc; (2) w¯’i AvqZ‡b †gvjvi Av‡cw¶K Zvc|
◈ †gqv‡ii cÖKí: Ò‡Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvY M¨v‡mi Af¨šÍixY kw³ ïaygvÎ Gi ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©i K‡i, Pvc ev AvqZ‡bi Dci bq|Ó

01. GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î Cp/Cv = x n‡j, wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU GK 01. †Kv‡bv M¨v‡mi Av‡cwÿK ZvcØ‡qi AbycvZ  = 1.4 n‡j, M¨vmwUi AYyÑ
†gv‡ji Rb¨ mwVK? [DU: 2015-16] [RU. Sinovac, Set-1. 20-21,IU. 11-12;e. †ev. 2015]
A. Cv = (x – 1)R B. Cv = R/(x – 1) C. Cv = R/(1 – x) D. Cv = R/(1 + x) A. GK cvigvYweK B. wØ-cvigvYweK C. wÎ-cvigvYweK D. eû cvigvYweK
iæ× Zvcxq M¨vm aªæeK,  = CVP = x  CP= xCv ;
C
S B info * GK-cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨,  = 1.67
Avevi, †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK, R= Cp – Cv = xCv – Cv = Cv(x–1) * wØ-cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨,  = 1.41
 Cv = R/(x – 1) * wÎ/ eû cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi Rb¨,  = 1.33
Cp
02. GKwU wØ cigvby wewkó M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î nj- [DU: 2010-11]
Cv STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION
A. 1.67 B. 1.4 C. 1.33 D. 1.11 Ans B
01.  = 1.41 †Kvb& M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨? [CU: 2006-07]
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION A. O2 B. H2
01. GK cigvYweK Av`k© M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î CP = ? [JU: 2009-10] C. N2 D. me¸wj Ans D
A. 2.8Jmol-1k-1 B. 20.8Jmol-1k-1 C.12.5Jmol-1k-1 D.8315Jmol-1k-1 02. Cp  Cv = R m¤ú‡K© ejv nq- [CU: 2006-07]
5R 5 A. e‡qjm m¤úK© B. Pvj©‡mi m¤úK©
CP    8.314 = 20.8
2 2 C. †gvjvi m¤úK© D. †evëm&g¨vbm m¤úK© Ans C
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION

PART A Analysis of General University Question 5
01.  = Gi Rb¨ †KvbwU mwVK? [iv. †ev. 2016]
3
KU
5 5 3
01.  = 1.67 n‡j M¨vmwUi AYy KZ cvigvYweK n‡e? [KU: 2017-18] A. Cp = R
3
B. CV = R C. CV = R D. CV = 2R
3 2
A. GK B. wØ C. wÎ D. eû Ans A R R 3
S C info Cv = = = R
IU  –1 5 – 1 2
01. GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡m Cp Ges Cv Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK©- [IU: 16–17] 3 
A. Cp+ Cv = R B. CP + R = Cv 02. wnwjqvg M¨v‡mi †ÿÎ Cp/Cv Gi AbycvZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU? [w`. †ev. 2021]
C. R – Cv = CP D. CP – Cv = R Ans D A. 1.67 B. 1.41 C. 1.33 D. k~b¨ Ans A
02. mKj wØ-cigvYyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î  Gi gvb KZ ? [IU: 2012-13] 03. Ne M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î -Gi gvb- [e. †ev. 2016]
A. 1.33 B. 1.4 C. 2.44 D. 1.66 Ans B A. 1.33 B. 1.40 C. 1.67 D. 1.76 Ans C
Concept 5 ZvcMwZwe`¨vi wØZxq m~Î I Zvc BwÄb

✅ 1854 mv‡j K¬wmqvm ZvcMwZ we`¨vi wØZxq m~‡Îi cÖ¯Ívebv K‡ib|
✅ 2q m~‡Îi wfwË (mvw` Kv‡b©vi wm×všÍ): Zvckw³‡K KL‡bvB m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Kv‡R cwiYZ Kiv hvq bv|
✅ K¬wmqv‡mi g‡Z, ÒevB‡ii †Kvb kw³i mvnvh¨ Qvov, †Kvb ¯^qswµq h‡š¿i c‡¶ wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb e¯‘ n‡Z, D”P ZvcgvÎvi e¯‘‡Z Zv‡ci ¯’vbvšÍi m¤¢e bq|Ó
✅ ‡Kjwf‡bi g‡Z, Ò‡Kvb e¯‘‡K Zvi cvwicv‡k¦©i kxZjZg Ask n‡Z AwaKZi kxZj K‡i kw³i Aweivg mieivn cvIqv m¤¢e bq|Ó
✅ cøvsK Gi g‡Z, Ò‡Kvb Zvc Drm n‡Z Aweivgfv‡e Zvc †kvlY Ki‡e Ges Zv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Kv‡R cwiYZ n‡e, Giƒc GKwU Zvc BwÄb •Zix Kiv m¤¢e bq|Ó
✅ Kv‡b©vi g‡Z, Ò‡Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvY Zvckw³ m¤ú~bf© v‡e hvwš¿K kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z mÿg hš¿ •Zix m¤¢e bq|Ó
ASPECT SPECIAL: wewfbœ weÁvbxi g‡Z ZvcMwZwe`¨vi wØZxq m~‡Îi wee„wZ: K¬v‡mi evB‡i A‡K Ab¨ †Kvb RvqMvq cvB?
K¬v‡mi evB‡i A‡K †Kvb RvqMvq cv B

     
K¬wmqvm evB‡ii kw³ †Kjwfb Aweivg mieivn Kv‡b©v hvwš¿K kw³ cø¨v¼ Zvc BwÄb
✅ cÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqv (Reversible Process): †h cÖwµqv wecixZ gyLx n‡q cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i Ges m¤§yLeZ©x I wecixZ gyLx cÖwµqvi cÖwZ ¯Í‡i Zvc I Kv‡Ri
djvdj mgvb I wecixZ nq| D`vniY: cvwb   eid
✅ AcÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqv (Irreversible process): †h cÖwµqv m¤§yLMvgx nIqvi ci wecixZgyLx n‡q cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡K AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqv e‡j|
D`vniY: Nl©‡Yi d‡j †h Zvc Drcbœ nq|
✅ cÖZ¨veZ©x I AcÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨:
cÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqv AcÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqv
1. GwU AwZ axi cÖwµqv 1. GwU `ªæZ cÖwµqv
2. ¯^ZtùzZ© cÖwµqv bq 2. ¯^ZtùzZ© cÖwµqv
3. ms¯’v ZvcMZxq mvg¨ Ae¯’v eRvq iv‡L| 3. ms¯’v ZvcMZxq mvg¨ Ae¯’v eRvq iv‡L bv|
4. GB cÖwµqvq Ae¶xq djvdj `„ó nq bv| 4. GB cÖwµqvq Ae¶xq djvdj `„ó nq|
5. D`vnviY: ax‡i ax‡i msNwUZ m‡gvò Ges 5. D`vnviY: •e`y¨wZK †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q we`y¨r cÖev‡ni d‡j m„ó Zvc, Ryj _gmb cÖmviY, `ywU
iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqv, Dci n‡Z w¯’wZ ¯’vcK ej‡K e¯‘i Nl©‡Y m„ó Zvc, †Kvb w¯cÖs‡K Lye `ªæZ m¤cÖmviY Ki‡j G‡Z m„ó K¤ú‡bi Øviv K…Z KvR
w¯’wZ¯’vcK B¯úv‡Zi Dci †djv, w¯úªs Gi AwaK ZvcgvÎvi e¯‘ †_‡K Kg ZvcgvÎvi e¯‘‡Z hvq| wKš‘ Kg ZvcgvÎvi e¯‘ †_‡K AwaK
ms‡KvPb I cÖmvi‡Y K…ZKvR Ges eid cvwb‡Z ZvcgvÎvi e¯‘‡Z hvevi †Kvb cÖebZv bvB| e›`yK n‡Z ¸wj †Qvo‡j eviæ‡ì we‡ùviY, e¨vcb,
A_ev cvwb ei‡d iƒcvšÍi| cwiPvjb Ges wewKiY|
✅ Zvcxq/Zvc BwÄb I BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv:
 Zvc BwÄb: †h hvwš¿K eë¯’v Zvc kw³‡K hvwš¿K kw³‡Z cwiYZ K‡i Zv‡K Zvc BwÄb ejv nq|
Zvc Drm  BwÄb Zvc‡K hvwš¿K kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i  Zvc wbM©gb
 ewnt`©n BwÄb: ev®ú BwÄb  AšÍt`©n BwÄb: †c‡Uªvj BwÄb
output
 Kg©`ÿZv  = input  100%
Q –Q
hw` wm‡÷g Q1 cwigvY kw³ †kvlY K‡i, Q2 cwigvY kw³ Z¨vM K‡i Zvn‡j KvR W = Q1 – Q2   =  1Q 2  100% = 1 – Q2  100%
Q
1 1
[ev¯Í‡e mKj Zvc BwÄb AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvq P‡j Ges GUvB mKj AcÖZ¨vMvgx Zvc BwÄ‡bi Kg©`ÿZvi mgxKiY]
T –T
Kv‡b©vi Av`k© Zvc BwÄb cÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvq P‡j a‡i wb‡j, Q  T   =  1T 2  100% = 1 – T2  100% ; Q1 = T1
T
1 1 Q2 T 2
✅ BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv wnmve †_‡K jÿ Kiv hvq †h, Bnv †Kej Zvc Drm I Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv T1 – T2 Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i- Kvh©wbe©vnK e¯‘i cÖK…wZi Ici
wbf©i K‡i bv|
✅ †h †Kv‡bv `ywU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ mKj cÖZ¨vMvgx BwÄ‡bi Kg©`ÿZv mgvb nq|
✅ †h‡nZz T1  (T1 – T2), Kv‡RB BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv KLbB 100% n‡Z cv‡i bv|
✅ Zvc Drm I ZvcMÖvn‡Ki gaëZ©x ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ hZ †ewk n‡e BwÄ‡bi `ÿZvI ZZ †ewk n‡e|
✅ Kv‡b©v Pµ I Kv‡b©v BwÄb: Kv‡b©v Pµ Av‡jvPbv Kivi c~‡e© Kv‡b©v BwÄb m¤^‡Ü wKQzUv aviYv _vKv ìKvi| divwm weÁvbx mvw` Kv‡b©v ( 1892) mKj †`vl-ÎæwU
gy³ GKwU BwÄ‡bi cwiKíbv K‡ib| GwU GKwU Av`k© BwÄb hvi Kg©`ÿZv m‡e©v”P|
✅ Kv‡b©v P‡µi g~jbxwZ: Kv‡b©v P‡µ cÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Kvh©wbe©vnK e¯‘ Drm †_‡K Zvc MÖnY K‡i GKwU wbw`©ó Pvc, AvqZb I ZvcgvÎvq n‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i
GKwU m‡gvò cÖmviY I GKwU iæ×Zvcxq cÖmviY Ges GKwU m‡gvò ms‡KvPb I GKwU iæ×Zvcxq ms‡KvP‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡ci wKQz Ask Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i
Ges evwK Ask Zvc MÖvn‡K eR©b K‡i Avw` Ae¯’vq wd‡i Av‡m|
◈ •ewkó¨:
 Kv‡b©v Pµ GKwU cÖZ¨vMvgx Pµ|  wc÷b I †PvO ev wmwjÛv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Nl©Y †bB|
 Kvh©Kix c`v_© (M¨vm)-Gi Dci cÖhy³ cÖwµqv¸‡jv Lye ax‡i ax‡i msNwUZ nq|
 wc÷b I wmwjÛvi wbg©v‡Y Av`k© Zvc wb‡ivaK I AšÍiK I Av`k© Zvc cwievnx eënvi Kiv nq Ges Zvc Drm I Zvc MÖvn‡Ki Dcv`v‡b Ggb AwZ
D”P Zvc MÖnxZvhy³ Kiv nq †h m‡gvò cÖwµqv¸wj w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq msNwUZ nq|

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
01. GKwU Zvcxq BwÄb cÖwZwU P‡µi abvZ¥K KvR K‡i Ges Zvc nvivq wKš‘ SUST
BwÄbwU †Kvb Zvc MÖnY K‡i bv| BwÄbwU ZvcMwZwe`¨vi †Kvb m~Î‡K j•Nb 01. GKwU Zvc BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv wK‡mi Dci wbf©ikxj? [SUST: 2012-13]
K‡i? [DU: 2018-19] A. Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv B. Zvc MÖ n ‡Ki ZvcgvÎv
A. k~b¨Zg m~Î B. cÖ_g m~Î C. Drm I ZvcMÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv D. Drm I ZvcMÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨
C. wØZxq m~Î D. Z…Zxq m~Î Ans C E. gva¨‡gi cÖK…wZ Ans A
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION

01. Zvc MwZwe`¨vi wØZxq m~‡Îi MvwYwZK iƒc n‡jvÑ [JU-A, Set-G. 20-21,19-20] AFMC
ds dQ 01. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi wØZxq m~ Î cÖ
` vb K‡ib †K? [AFMC. 2020-21]
A. dQ =
T
B. dS =
T A . mvw` Kv‡b© v B . weÁvbx K¬ wmqvm C . weÁvbx †Kjwfb D. g¨v· cøvsK
T S B info ÒevB‡ii †Kv‡bv kw³i mvnvh¨ Qvov, †Kv‡bv ¯^qswµq h‡š¿i
C. dS = D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq c‡ÿ wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvi †Kv‡bv e¯‘ n‡Z, D”P ZvcgvÎvi †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡Z Zv‡ci
dQ
dQ ml ml ¯’ v bvšÍ i m¤¢ e bq| A_ev Zvc ¯^ Ztù~ Z © f v‡e kxZjZi e¯‘ n‡Z D”P
S B info Zvc MwZwe`¨vi wØZxq m~Î: dS = T = T f = T v ZvcgvÎvi e¯‘‡Z cÖevwnZ n‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó (K¬wmqv‡mi gZB wbLyuZ I
DbœZ)| wZwb GB wee„wZ 1854 mv‡j cÖKvk K‡ib|
01. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi wØZxq m~Î n‡Z cvIqv hvq- [RU: 2016–17] STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
A. kw³i msi¶YkxjZv B. RoZvi aviYv 01. †Kvb m~Î‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Zvcxq BwÄb I †iwd«Rv‡iUi •Zwi Kiv nq?
[iv. †ev. 2016]
C. `kv cv_©K¨ D. GbUªwci aviYv Ans D
A. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi k~b¨Zg m~Î B. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi 1g m~Î
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION C. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi 2q m~Î D. ZvcMwZwe`¨vi 3q m~Î Ans C
02. Kv‡Y©v P‡µi wØZxq av‡c Kvh©wbe©vnK e¯‘iÑ [wm. †ev. 2021]
PART A Analysis of General University Question i. Zv‡ci †kvlY N‡U ii. Pvc n«vm cvq iii. ZvcgvÎv n«vm cvq
IU wb‡Pi †KvbwUmwVK?
01. ‡KvbwU †c‡Uªvj BwÄ‡bi •ewkó¨ bq ? [IU: 2006-07, 02-03] A. i I ii B. i I iii C. ii I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans C
A. R¡vjvbx n‡jv †c‡Uªvj B. Pµ `yB hv‡Z m¤úbœ nq 03. Kv‡b© v BwÄ‡bi †Kvb av‡c Zvc eR© b nq? [gv. †ev. 2018]
C. evqy Øviv KvR m¤úbœ K‡i D. Zvcxq `¶Zv †ekx Ans C A. cÖ_g B. wØZxq C. Z…Zxq D. PZz_© Ans C
Concept 6 †iwd«Rv‡iUi I Kvh©K…Z mnM

✅ ‡h h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ cwi‡ek A‡c¶v Kg ZvcgvÎv m„wó Kiv hvq Ges GB ZvcgvÎv me©`v w¯’i Ae¯’vq ivLv hvq Zv‡K †iwd«Rv‡iUi ejv nq|
✅ g~jbxwZ: †iwd«Rv‡iUi wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi Drm n‡Z Zvc MÖnb ev Acmvib K‡i I D”P ZvcgvÎvi Avav‡i eR©b K‡i| K‡¤cÖmi GB hvwš¿K KvR K‡i| GLb,
†iwd«Rv‡iU‡ii ev®úxfeb KzÛjx n‡Z AcmvwiZ Zvc Q1, K‡¤úªmi KZ…©K mieivnK…Z KvR W Ges Nbxfeb KzÛjx‡Z ewR©Z Zvc Q2 n‡j, kw³i wbZ¨Zv m~Î
Abymv‡i cvIqv hvq, Q2 = Q1 + W  W = Q 2 – Q1
✅ Kvh©K…Z mnM (Co-efficient of Performance ): †iwd«Rv‡iUi n‡Z AcmvwiZ Zvc I K‡¤úªmi KZ…©K mieivnK…Z hvwš¿K Kv‡Ri AbycvZ‡K Kvh©K…Z mnM
e‡j| G‡K K Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
AcmvwiZ Zvc Q1 Q
GLv‡b, K = mieivnK…Z Zvc   1 K = Kvh©wbe©vnx mnM A_ev C.O.P. (Co-efficient of Performance ) Gi gvb 2 †_‡K 6 Gi g‡a¨ nq|
Q2  Q1 W
Q1 = AcmvwiZ Zvc; Q2 = ewR©Z Zvc

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION 02. †iwd«Rv‡iUi cÖ‡Kv‡ô iwÿZ Lv`¨`ªe¨ n‡Z M„nxZ Zvc Q2 Ges cwi‡e‡k
01. GKwU †iwd«Rv‡iU‡ii Kvh©K…Z mnM K = 2.5| GwU VvÐv cÖ‡Kvô n‡Z cÖwZ P‡µ
ewR©Z Zvc Q1 n‡j Kvh©mnM K Gi gvb n‡jvÑ [wm. †ev. 2021]
Q1 Q1
500 J Zvc AcmviY Ki‡j, cÖwZ P‡µ mieivnK…Z KvR KZ n‡e? [Xv. †ev. 2016] A. R = B. K =
A. 2450 J B. 502.5 J C. 500 J D. 200 J Q2 – Q1 Q1 – Q2
Q2 Q2
S D info W = Q2 = 500 = 200J C. K =
Q1 – Q2
D. R =
Q2 – Q1
Ans C
K 2.5
Concept 7 GbUªwc msµvšÍ

✅ Avwe®‥viK: K¬wmqvm, 1854 mv‡j|
✅ GbUªwc:
 GKK JK–1  iƒ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq e¯‘i †h Zvcxq ag© w¯’i _v‡K Zv‡K GbUªwc e‡j|
 mvg¨ve¯’vq GbUªwci gvb m‡e©v”P|  GbUªwc n‡”Q kw³i †mB iƒc hv‡K Avi KL‡bv Kv‡R iƒcvšÍi Kiv hv‡e bv|
 AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvq GbUªwc e„w× cvq|  cÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvq †h †Kvb ms¯’vi GbUªwc w¯’i _v‡K|
✅ Zvrch©:
 GwU e¯‘i ZvcMZxq Ae¯’v wba©vi‡b mnvqZv K‡i|  GbUªwc GKwU cÖvK…wZK ivwk hvi gvb Zvc I cig ZvcgvÎvi Abycv‡Zi mgvb|
 ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡ci b¨vq G‡K Abyfe Kiv hvq bv|  GwU e¯‘i GKwU Zvcxq ag© hv Zvc mÂvj‡bi w`K wb‡`©k K‡i|
 AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvq GbUªwc e„w× cvq|  AšÍ¯’ kw³i cig gvb A‡c¶v, AšÍ¯’ kw³i cwieZ©bB AwaK Zvrch© c~Y©|
 G›Uªwc †ewk M¨vwm Ae¯’vq, me‡P‡q Kg KwVb Ae¯’vq|  kw³ iƒcvšÍ‡ii A¶gZvB GbUªwc Ges GbUªwc e„w× †c‡j e¯‘i w¯’wZkxjZv n«vm cvq|
 GwU ZvcgvÎv, Pvc, AvqZb, AšÍwb©wnZ kw³, Pz¤^Kxq Ae¯’vi b¨vq †Kvb e¯‘i Ae¯’v cÖKvk K‡i|
 GbUªwc e„w× †c‡j e¯‘ k„sLj Ae¯’v (ordered state) n‡Z wek„sLjv Ae¯’vq (disordered state) cwiYZ nq|
 GbUªwci cwieZ©b me©`v abvZ¡K Ges mvg¨ve¯’vq GbUªwc m‡ev©”P nq| GbUªwc n‡”Q wm‡÷‡gi wek„sLjZvi gvcKvwV|
 Zvcxq g„Zy¨: RM‡Z GbUªwc µgvMZ ev‡o‡Q| RM‡Zi GbUªwc hLb m‡ev©‡”P †c․Qv‡e ZLb me wKQyi ZvcgvÎv GK n‡q hv‡e| d‡j Zvckw³‡K Avi
hvwš¿K kw³‡Z iæcvšÍwiZ Kiv hv‡e bv| GB Ae¯’v‡K †Kjwfb RM‡Zi Zvcxq g„Zz¨ bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡ib|
✅ w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq GbUªwci cwieZ©b:
◈ eid Mj‡bi Av‡cwÿK myß Zvc, Lf = 336000 J/Kg = 3.36  10 J/Kg
5
mLf mLv
◈ ds = =
T T [Latent Heat of Fusion]
◈ L = Av‡cwÿK myß Zvc [Latent Heat] ◈ cvwbi ev®úxfe‡bi Av‡cwÿK myß Zvc Lv = 2268000 J/Kg = 2.268  106J/Kg
[Latent Heat of Vaporization]
✅ cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎvq GbUªwci cwieZ©b,
ds = ms ln 
T2  eid = 2100 Jkg1k1
◈
T1,
◈ T2 = †kl ZvcgvÎv; ◈ S = Av‡cwÿK Zvc  cvwb = 4200 Jkg1k1
◈ T1 = Avw` ZvcgvÎv|  ev®ú = 2000 Jkg1k1

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION 02. GbUªwc K‡g GiKg D`vniY †KvbwU? [RU: 2015-16]
A. KvV cyov‡j B. eid‡K cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡j
01. mycviKÛvKUi mvaviY KÛvKU‡ii †P‡q †ewk myk„sLj| hw` mycviKÛvKUi C. †iwd«Rv‡iU‡ii wfZ‡ii evZv‡m D. cvwb‡Z jeY ¸jv‡j
Ges mvaviY KÛvKUi Ae¯’vq GbUªwc h_vµ‡g Ss Ges Sn nq Z‡e wb‡¤œi
KvV cyov‡j  GbUªwc e„w× cvq;
†KvbwU mwVK? [DU: 2013-14]
eid cvwb‡Z cwiYZ n‡j  GbUªwc e„w× cvq
A. Ss = Sn B. Ss > Sn C. Ss < Sn D. Ss  Sn Ans C
03. kw³i AcP‡qi aviYv †`b †K? [RU: 2015-16]
02. GbUªwc wK‡mi cwigvc wb‡`©k K‡i? [DU: 2011-12; CU: 2016-17, 2009-10,
CU: 2013-14, BR: 2011-12, BRUR: 2012-13]
A. jW© †Kjwfb B. IqvUmb C. †g·I‡qj D. cøv ¼ Ans A
A. †gvU Zvc (total heat) B. myk„•LjZv (order) STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION
C. wek„•LjZv (disorder) D. ZvcgvÎv (temperature) Ans C
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION JnU
01. G›Uªwci †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq? [RU. Moderna, Set-2. 20-21] 01. ax‡i ax‡i msNwUZ m‡gvÂ I iæ×Zvcxq (adiabatic) cwieZ©‡b GbUªwci
A. wm‡÷‡gi wek„•Ljvi cwigvcK B. Zvc I Pv‡ci b¨vq Abyfe Kiv hvq cwieZ©b (s) KZ? [JnU: 2017-18]
C. wek¦RM‡Zi G›Uªwc µgvMZ e„w× cv‡”Q D. cÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvi G›Uªwc w¯’i _v‡K A. s = 0 B. s > 0 C. s < 0 D. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv
S B info G›Uªwc Zvc I Pv‡ci b¨vq Abyfe Kiv hvq bv| GwU n‡jv ax‡i ax‡i msNwUZ m‡gvÂ I iæ×Zvcxq cwieZ©b cÖZ¨vMvgx
wek„•Ljvi cwigvcK| cÖwµqv | ZvB GbUªwci cwieZ©b ds = 0|
02. GbUªwc (Entropy) Gi GKK †KvbwU? BSMRSTU

[JnU: 13-14, PbSTU: 2015-16; Xv. †ev. 2016, wm. †ev. 2016, e. †ev. 2017] 01. GKgyLx cÖwµqvq GbUªwc- [BSMSTU: 14–15]
A. wgUvi/wK‡jvMÖvg B. KT–1C. JK–1 D. molK–1 Ans C A. e„w× cvq B. n«vm cvq C. gvb k~b¨ nq D. †Kvb cwieZ©b N‡U bv
03. hw` GKwU wm‡÷g T cig ZvcgvÎvq dQ cwigvb Zvc MÖnY ev eR©b K‡i GKgyLx ev AcÖZ¨vMvgx cÖwµqvq GbUªwc e„w× cvq|
Z‡e GbUªwci cwieZ©b dS Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq- [JnU: 2012-13]
HSTU
dQ dQ dQ T
A. dS = B. dS = C. dS = D. dS = Ans C 01. GbUªwci cwieZ© b me© ` vÑ [HSTU: 2015-16]
H dT T dQ
A. abvZ¥K B. FYvZ¥K C. k~b¨ D. †KvbwUB bq Ans A
KU
01. †Kvb c×wZi wek„sLj Ae¯’v e„w× †c‡j Dnvi †Kvb ivwkwU e„w× cvq? [KU: 2012-13] STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
A. GbUªwc B. KvR C. kw³ D. †d‡iv‡P․¤^K c`v_© Ans A BUET
02. G›Uwci cwieZ©b dS cÖKvk Kiv nq- [KU: 2011-12, 2009-10] 01. GKwU Kv‡bv©P‡µ †gvU GbUªwci cwieZ©b n‡jv- [BUET: 2011-12]
dQ dS T dQ A. Zero B. 1    2 C. less than zero D. greater than zero Ans A
A. dS = B. dS = C. dS = D. dS = Ans A
T T dQ dT T1  T2
03. GbUªwc n‡jv- [KU: 2008-09]
A. kw³i iƒcvšÍ‡ii ¶gZv B. f‡ii iƒcvšÍ†ii ¶gZv STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL & DENTAL QUESTION
C. kw³i iƒcvšÍ†ii A¶gZv D. e‡ji iƒcvšÍ†ii ¶gZv Ans C MAT
04. ‡Kvb wm‡÷‡gi ZvcgvÎv mv‡c‡¶ Zvc cwieZ©‡bi nvi Øviv wK‡mi cwieZ©b 01. ‡Kvb Dw³wU mZ¨? [MAT: 2006-07]
cwigvc Kiv nq? [KU: 2003-04] A. †Kvb wm‡÷‡gi kw³ iƒcvšÍ ‡ ii A¶gZv‡K GbUª wc e‡j|
A. Zvcxq `¶Zv B. GbUªwc C. myßZvc D. Av‡cw¶K Zvc Ans B B. †h mKj †f±‡ii gvb k~b¨ bq Zv‡ì bvj †f±i e‡j|
C. ‣iwLK †e‡Mi gvÎv LT–2
IU
D. †Kvb e¯‘i Z¡ib e¯‘i Dci cÖhy³ wbUe‡ji e¨v¯ÍvbycvwZK| Ans A
01. KwVb Ae¯’vq GbUªwci gvb- [IU: 2016–17; w`. †ev. 2017, Xv.‡ev. 2015]
A. †ewk B. Kg C. mgvb D. me©”Qv Ans B AFMC
02. ‡Kvb eë¯’vi djcÖmy Kvh©cÖvwßi m¤¢ebv GbUªwci gv‡bi- [IU: 2013-14] 01. gnvwe‡k¦i GbUªwc w`b w`bÑ [AFMC. 2020-21, R.U 09-10]
A. mgvbycvwZK B. e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK A. evo‡Q B. Kg‡Q C. AcwiewZ©Z D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq Ans A
C. Kv‡h©i m‡½ m¤ú©‡K †bB D. †KvbwUB bq Ans A
03. GbUªwc e„w× †c‡Z †c‡Z hLb m‡e©v”P gv‡b †c․Qv‡e ZLb we‡k¦i mKj e¯‘-
[IU: 2009-10] 01. Kv‡b©v P‡µi 1g av‡ci †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [iv. †ev. 2016; P. †ev. 2015]
A. Zij cwibZ n‡e B. Zvcxq mvg¨ve¯’vq DcbxZ n‡e A. ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq B. ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _v‡K
C. M¨vm cwibZ n‡e D. †KvbwUB bq Ans B C. AfŸÍixY kw³ e„w× cvq D. Zvc ewR©Z nq Ans B
02. GbUªwc n‡jv- [h.‡ev. 2016]
PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question A. k„•Ljvi cwigvc B. kw³i iƒcvšÍi ÿgZvi cwigvc
MBSTU C. iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ kw³ cvIqvi cwigvc D. Zvcxq g„Zzï m¤¢vebvi cwigvc Ans D
01. GbUªwc me‡P‡q †ekx- [MBSTU: 14-15; RU: 2017-18] 03. ¯^Ztù~Z© cwieZ©‡b- [wm. †ev. 2017]
A. KwVb Ae¯’vq B. Zij Ae¯’vq A. G›Uªwc I wek„•Ljv n«vm cvq B. G›Uªwc I k„•Ljv e„w× cvq
C. M¨vmxq Ae¯’vq D. †KvbwUB bq Ans C C. G›Uªwc I k„•Ljv n«vm cvq D. G›Uªwc I wek„•Ljv e„w× cvq Ans D
STEP 2 mg„× †ewmK MvwYwZK c‡Ö qvM (MATH) kU©KvU †UKwbK

Concept 1 ZvcgvÎv †¯‹j I ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM
FORMULA
C F-32 K-273 Rn-492 Rm C F K R R m

01.
5
=
9
=
5
=
9
=
4
02. cv_©‡Kï †ÿ‡Î ZvcgvÎvi wewfbœ †¯‥‡ji g‡a¨ m¤úK©:   = =
5 9 5 9 4
x   x ice C F-32 k-273 R-492 Xt  Xice
03. c   100C 04. †¯‥‡ji mv‡_ µwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi Gi m¤úK©: = = = =
x steam  x ice 100 180 100 180 X steam  Xice
Note: ◈ dv‡ibnvBU I †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j GKB cvV  574.25F Or 574.25 K ◈ †mw›U‡MÖW I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j GKB cvV  40C or 40F
◈ †mw›U‡MÖW I †Kjwfb †¯‥j  KLbB mgvb n‡e bv|
Model Example01 †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq †Kjwfb Ges dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j GKB cvV cvIqv hv‡e?
C F–32 K – 273 Rn – 492 dv‡ibnvBU I †Kjwfb †¯‥‡ji GKB cvV cvIqv hvq 574.25K ev
Avgiv Rvwb, 5 = 9 = 5 = 9 574.25F (wbw`©ógvb)
 †h‡nZz †Kjwfb I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡ji Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
K – 273 F–32 K – 273 F–32
= [K = F = x]  =
5 9 5 9
 9x – 5x = 2457 – 160  4x = 2297  x = 574.25F
Model Example02 †h ZvcgvÎvq †mjwmqvm I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j GKB cvV cvV`vb Ki‡e, †m ZvcgvÎvwU n‡”Q-
C F–32 K – 273 Rn – 492 †mw›U‡MÖW I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥j GKB cvV †`q –40C ev –40F (wbw`©ó gvb)
Avgiv Rvwb, 5 = 9 = 5 = 9
 †h‡nZz †Kjwfb I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡ji Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
C F–32 x x – 32
 =  = [C = F = x]  95x = 5x – 160
5 9 5 9
 4x = –160  x = – 40
MEx 01 20C ZvcgvÎv dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j KZ n‡e?
C F - 32 20 F - 32
=  =  F = 68° F
5 9 5 9
0 0
MEx 02 †Kvb GKwU †iva _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii †iva 0 C Ges 100 C ZvcgvÎvq h_vµ‡g 12 Ges 24 | _v‡g©vwgUviwU‡K GKwU Mig †Z‡ji mv‡_ ¯’vcb Ki‡j
†iva 36 nq| †Z‡ji ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki?
R  R0 36  12
  100   100  2000 C
R1oo  Ro 24  12
01. GKwU µzwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi mvavib evq~ Pv‡c MwjZ ei‡d 4°C Ges ï®‥ ev‡®ú 98°C cvV †`q| _v‡g©vwgUviwU 51°C cvV w`‡j cÖK…Z cvV KZ?
02. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j †Kvb e¯‘i ZvcgvÎv 500F n‡j †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j H ZvcgvÎv n‡e-
03. gqgbwmsn kn‡ii kxZ I MÖx®§Kvjxb ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ 150C n‡j dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j GB cv_©K¨ KZ n‡e?
04. †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡ji cvV †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡ji cv‡Vi wØ¸b n‡e?
05. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡ji ‡Kvb ZvcgvÎv †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡ji ZvcgvÎvi cuvP¸b n‡e?
T  273 F  32 T  273 50  32 T  273 18
01. C  0  S  M ev, C  51  4 ev, C  47 ev, C  50C 02.  ev,  ev  ev T  283 K
100  0 BM 100 98  4 100 94 5 9 5 9 5 9
C F 15 F x 2 x  32
03.
5
=
9

5
=
9
 F = 27F 04.  ev, x  160 o C  320 o F .
5 9
x 5x  32
05.   25x  9x = 160  x = 10C  5x = 500 F
5 9

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION R – R0 36 – 11
S D info =  100 =  100 = 500C
R100 – R0 16 – 11
01. †Kvb ZvcgvÎv †mjwmqvm I dv‡ibnvBU Dfq †¯‥‡j GKB msL¨v w`‡q
02. ZvcgvÎvq †¯‥‡ji m¤úK©wU n‡jv [JU. 2013-14]
cÖKvk Kiv hvq?
[DU. 2017-18, 2000-01, 1995-96; CU: 2012-13; 10-11; RU:2013-14;06-07]
C F K C F – 32 K – 273
A. = = B. = =
A. 40 B.  32 C.  40 D. 12 5 9 5 5 9 5
C F – 32 273 – K C F R
C F  32 C. = = D. = = Ans B
= Let, C = F= x 9 9 5 5 32 9
5 9 03. 27C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvY M¨vm nVvr cÖmvwiZ n‡q wØ¸Y AvqZb jvf
x x  32
 =  x = – 40  – 40˚C Ges – 40˚F K‡i| P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? ( =1.4) [JU. 11-12, 09-10; KU: 06-07; RU: 06-07]
5 9 A. 45.65C B. – 45.65C C. – 35.05C D. –15.65C
02. GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii eid we›`y 5C Ges ÷xg we›`y 99C| hLb G T1V1–1 = T2V2–1
_v‡g©vwgUv‡i 52C cÖ`k©b K‡i ZLb dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎv KZ? [2007-08] –1
 P~
o všÍ ZvcgvÎv, T = V1  T1
A. 132F B. 122F C. 302F D. 322F 2
V2
F  32 X   X 0 52  5 = (0.5)0.4300 = 227.357K = – 45.65˚C
= =  ZvcgvÎv F =122˚F
180 X100  X 0 99  5 04. GKwU †iva _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii †iva 0˚C ZvcgvÎvq 8 Ges 100˚C ZvcgvÎvq
20| _v‡g©vwgUviwU‡K GKwU Pzjøx‡Z ¯’vcb Ki‡j †iva 32 nq| Pzjøxi
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION ZvcgvÎv KZ ? [JU. 2011-12, RU. 18-19]
01. 0C I 100C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU †iva _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii †iva h_vµ‡g 11  I A. 300˚C B. 100˚C C. 200˚C D. 400˚C
16  | _v‡g©vwgUviwU GKwU Pzjvq Zi‡ji ùzUbv‡¼ ivL‡j †iva cvIqv hvq C R  R0 C 32  8
=  =
36  | Zi‡ji ùzUbv¼ wbY©q Ki| [JU-H, Set-A. 20-21] 100 R 100  R 0 100 20  8
A. 20C B. 500C C. 250C D. 10C  _v‡g©vwgUv‡i ZvcgvÎv †mw›Uª‡MÖW †¯‥‡j, C = 200˚C
05. wbw`©ó f‡ii GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb aªæe Pv‡c wØ¸Y Kiv n‡jv| hw` IU
M¨v‡mi cÖv_wgK ZvcgvÎv 130C nq Z‡e P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? [JU. 2004-05] 01. GKwU †iva _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii †iva 0C I 100C ZvcgvÎvq h_vµ‡g 10I
A. 7.50C B. 2990C C. 130C D. 260C 20| _v‡g©vwgUviwU GKwU Pzwjø†Z ¯’vcb Kivq †iva 35 nq| Pzwjøi
0
T2= 2 x (273+13) = 572K = 299 C
ZvcgvÎv KZ? [IU: 2016–17]
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION A. 200C B. 225C C. 250C D. 275C
01. GKLÛ B‡Ui NbZ¡ 2gm/cc Dnvi IRb 6kg. A‡a©K cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z C R  R0 C 35  10
ivL‡j IRb KZ n‡e? =  =
[RU. 2015-16]
100 R 100  R 0 100 20  10
A. 2.5kg B. 3.5kg C. 4.5 kg D. 5 kg
6  1000  C = 250C
B‡Ui NbZ¡ = 2gm/cc; B‡Ui AvqZb = 2
= 3000 cc BRUR
BU KZ…©K AcmvwiZ cvwbi AvqZb = 3000 cc 01. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j †Kvb e¯‘i ZvcgvÎv 50°F| †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j D³ e¯‘i
3000 ZvcgvÎv- [BRUR: 2014-15]
A‡a©K BU KZ…©K AcmvwiZ cvwbi AvqZb = 2 = 1500cc A. 273K B. 293K C. 283K D. 298K
A‡a©K BU KZ…©K AcmvwiZ cvwbi IRb = 1500gm = 1.5kg F – 32 T – 273 50 – 32 T – 273
9
=
5
ev, 9 = 5 ev,T = 283K
A‡a©K BU cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z ivL‡j IRb = 6 – 1.5 = 4.5 kg
02. †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq d‡ibnvBU I †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j GKB gvb cvIqv hvq- PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
[RU. 2014-15, CUET: 2012-13, KUET: 2010-11; w`. †ev. 2015] SUST
A. 322o B. 273o C. 650o D. †KvbwUB bq 01. GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© †mjwmqvm _v‡g©vwgUvi MwjZ ei‡d 10˚ Ges dzUšÍ cvwb‡Z
x – 273 x – 32 90˚ cvV †`q| †Kvb ZvcgvÎvq GwU mwVK cvV w`‡e?
5
=
9
ev, 9x–2457 =5x–160 [SUST: 2009-10]
A. 0˚ B. 25˚ C. 50˚ D. 80˚
ev, 4x = 2297 ev, x =574.25
C X  X0 C  10
03. 15˚C ZvcgvÎv KZ wWwMÖ dv‡ibnvB‡Ui mgvb? [RU. 2009-10] = =  ZvcgvÎv C = 50˚C
A. 47˚C B. 59˚ C. 64˚C D. †KvbwUB bq 100 X100  X 0 90  10
C = F  32
5 9 02. ‡Kvb& ZvcgvÎvq dv‡ibnvB‡Ui gvb †mjwmqv‡mi gv‡bi wØ¸Y?
 dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎv, F = C 9 + 32 = 15 9 + 32 = 59˚F [SUST: 2006-07, JUST: 2015-16]
5 5 A. – 40C B. 100C C. 160C
D. 320C
04. GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi ¯^vfvweK Pv‡c ei‡di 1C Ges ev‡®ú 98C C F  32
Let, C = x  F = 2x; Now, =
cvV †`q| D³ _v‡g©vwgUvi 40C cvV w`‡j cÖK…Z ZvcgvÎv KZ? 5 9
[RU. 08-09, JUST. 15-16] x 2x  32
A. 32.3˚C B. 40.2˚C C. 48.4˚C D. 52.6˚C  =  x = 160˚  x = 160˚C  2x = 320C
C X – X0 C 40 – 1 5 9
=  = MBSTU
100 X100 – X0 100 98–1
_v‡g©vwgUv‡i ZvcgvÎv †mw›U‡MÖW †¯‥‡j, C = 40.2˚C 01. GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUvi mvaviY evqy Pv‡c MwjZ ei‡d 4°C Ges ï®‥
ev‡®ú 98°C cvV †`q| _v‡g©vwgUviwU 51°C cvV w`‡j cÖK…Z cvV KZ?
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION [2015-16]
01. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎv 212 n‡j †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j Gi gvb KZ? [CU. 15-16] A. 51°C B. 50°C C. 52°C D. 49°C
A. 50 B. 100 C.150 cvV-wbgœ w¯’ivsK C–0
D. 200 E. 250 DaŸ© w¯’ivsK-wbgœw¯’ivsK = 100 – 0
C F – 32 C 212 – 32 C 180 51 – 4 C 47 C
5
=
9
ev, 5 = 9
ev, 5 = 9 ev, C = 100 ev, 98 – 4 = 100 ev, 92 = 100 ev, C = 50
02. GKwU K‡¶ Mig cvwbc~Y© GKwU cvÎ ivLv nj| GwU 80°C †_‡K 75°C G 02. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j †Kvb e¯‘i ZvcgvÎv 98°F n‡j, †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j
kxZj n‡Z T1 †m‡KÛ, 75°C †_‡K 70°C G kxZj n‡Z T2 †m‡KÛ Ges e¯‘wUi ZvcgvÎv KZ? [2014-15]
70°C †_‡K 65°C G kxZj n‡Z T3 †m‡KÛ jvM‡j, wb‡Pi †Kvb ivwkwU A. 20.67°C B. 30.67°C C. 36.67°C D. 40.67°C
mwVK? [CU. 2015-16] C F – 32 C 98 – 32
A. T1 <T2<T3 B. T1 > T2 > T3 C. T1 < T2 > T3 5
=
9
ev, 5 = 9 ev, C = 36.67°C
D. T1 + T2 = T3 E. T1 = T2 = T3 Ans A
PSTU
03. †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎv 0 wWwMÖ n‡j d‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j GB gvb KZ? [CU. 14-15] 01. gvbe‡`‡ni ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv 98.4°F| †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j GB ZvcgvÎv
A. 0 B. 32 C. 80 D. 100 E. 212 KZ n‡e? [PSTU-2014-15]
C F  32 0 F  32 A. 36.90C B. 360C C. 370C D. 36.80C
=  =  F = 32
5 9 5 9 C F – 32 C 98.4 – 32
= ev, 5 = ev, C = 36.9°C
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION 5 9 9
PART A Analysis of General University Question STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
JnU CUET
01. †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b 35C n‡j dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j Gi 01. ‡Kvb Zvcgvb hš¿ 0°C ZvcgvÎvq 0.5°C cvV †`q Ges 100°C ZvcgvÎvq
cwieZ©b KZ n‡e? [2009-10] 100.8°C cvV †`q| 26°C ZvcgvÎvq hš¿wU KZ cvV w`‡e? [CUET: 12-13]
A. 63F B. 53F C. 73F D. 83F A. 25°C B. 27°C C. 26.57°C D. None
dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨, 26 T – 0.5
=  T = 26.578C
F = 1.8 C = 1.8  35 = 63˚F 100 100.8 – 0.5
BUTex STEP 07 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION

01. †mw›U‡MÖW †¯‥‡j 95.5 dv‡ibnvBU ZvcgvÎvi gvb KZ? [MAT; 19-20] 01. 98.6F ZvcgvÎvi mgZzj¨ _v‡g©vWvqbvwgK ZvcgvÎv KZ? [P. †ev. 2021; g. †ev. 2021]
A. 45.456C B. 35.944C A. 310.16 K B. 345.16 K C. 393.16 K D. 408.16
C. 36.544C D. 36.944C K  273.16 F  32
S A info 5
=
9
C F  32 (F  32)  5
S D info = C= 5 5
5 9 9  K = (F  32) + 273.16 = (98.6  32) + 273.16 = 310.16K
9 9
(98.5  32)  5
C=  C = 36.944C 02. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡ji EaŸ© w¯’ivsK I wb¤œ w¯’ivs‡Ki eëavb KZ? [gv. †ev. 2017]
9 A. 32 B. 100 C. 180 D. 212 Ans C
Concept 2 Zvc Øviv K…ZKvR msµvšÍ

FORMULA
01. dw = PdV 02. W = JH; ZvcMwZ we`¨vi 1g m~Î: (kw³i wbZ¨Zv m~Î)
03. dQ = dU + dW:
Note: i. Zv‡ci †kvlY n‡j dQ ( ve) ii. Zv‡ci eR©b dQ ( ve) iii. eë¯’v Øviv KvR dw(+ve) iv.eë¯’vi Dci KvR dw(–ve)
hw` wm×všÍ †bqv bv hvq A_©vr eë¯’v Øviv ev eë¯’vi Dci D‡jøL bv _vK‡j dw(+ve); AšÍt¯’ kw³ e„w× †c‡j  dU(+)ve; AšÍt¯’ kw³ n«vm †c‡j  dU(–)ve
MEx 01 †Kvb ms¯’v cwi‡ek †_‡K 800J Zvckw³ †kvlb Kivq Gi AšÍ¯’ kw³ 500J e„w× †cj| ms¯’v KZ…©K cwi‡e‡ki Dci m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvb wbY©q Ki|
dQ = dU + dW ev, 800 = dU + 500 ev, dW = 300J
MEx 02 wcóbhy³ GKwU wmwjÛv‡i wKQz M¨vm Ave× Av‡Q| M¨v‡mi Pvc 400 Pa w¯’i †i‡L wm‡÷‡g ax‡i ax‡i 800 J Zvckw³ mieivn Kiv nj Ges 1200 J
KvR m¤úvw`Z nq| M¨v‡mi AvqZb I AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki|
dW 1200
dQ=dW + dU or, dU=dQ – dW = 800-1200 = -400J; dW = PdV ev, dV = = = 3m3
P 400
MEx 03 †Kvb wm‡÷g 1500 J Zvc †kvlY K‡i Ges 82J KvR m¤úv`b K‡i| wm‡÷‡gi AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b n‡e
dU = dQ – dW = 1500 – 82 = 1418 J

01. †Kvb eë¯’v 1200 J Zvc ‡kvlb K‡i Ges eë¯’vi Dc‡i 400 J KvR m¤úvw`Z nq| eë¯’vi Dci AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki|
02. 1.0  105 Nm-2 w¯’i Pv‡c †Kvb Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.04 m3 ‡_‡K cÖmvwiZ n‡q 0.08 m3 n‡jv| ewnt¯’ Kv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
03. GK evqygÛjxq Pv‡c GKwU Av`k© M¨vm‡K DËß K‡i 0.01m3 AvqZb e„w× Kiv nj| G‡Z m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ?

01. dU = dQ – dW = 1200 – (400) =1600 J 02. ewnt¯’ Kv‡Ri cwigvY, dW = PdV = 1.0  105  (0.08  0.04) = 4000 J
03. dW = PdV  dW = 105  0.01 = 1  103J

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION 02. 1 kg cvwb‡K 1 evqygÛjxq Pv‡c ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡Z Af¨šÍixY kw³i
3
01. GK evqygÛxq Pv‡c GKwU Av`k© M¨vm‡K DËß K‡i 0.01 m AvqZb e„w× Kiv nj|
cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki| (Rjxq ev‡®úi myß Zvc 2.268106 Jkg–1 I 1kg
G‡Z m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY- [DU. 2008-09; CU: 2013-14; RU: 2017-18, JU. 07-08] Rjxq ev‡®úi AvqZb = 1.671 m3) [JU. 2009-10]
A. 2.09910 J B. 2.30010 J C. 2.19010 J D. 2.400106 J
6 6 6
A. 7.6  103J B. 76 J C. 1  102 J D. 1 103 J
U = Q – W = mLv – PV
m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY, W=PV= 105  0.01 =1103 J
= 12.268106 – 1.013105 1.671 = 2.099106 J
02. †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Zvc aviY ¶gZv 150 J/0C n‡j Gi ZvcgvÎv 800C n‡Z 03. ‡Kvb wm‡÷g 1500 J Zvc †kvlY K‡i Ges 82J KvR m¤úv`b K‡i|
200C-G bvwg‡q Avb‡Z wK cwigvY Zvckw³ †ei Ki‡Z n‡e?[DU. 2001-02] wm‡÷‡gi AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b n‡e- [JU. 2006-07]
A. 3000 J B. 90000J C. 12000 J D. 15000 J A. 1418J B. 1232J C. 1582J D. 1237J
†Ìqv Av‡Q, C = 150 J0C–1, Zvckw³i cwigvY, Q = C dU= dQ – dW = 1500–82 = 1418 J
= 150(800–200) = 90000 J
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION 01. hw` 2 K¨v‡jvwi Zvc m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Z‡e Kv‡Ri cwigvY
01. eid Mj‡bi myß Zvc n‡jv- [JU. 2014-15] KZ? [RU: 2017-18 ; Kz.‡ev. 2016]
A. 180103J kg1 B. 336103J kg1 A. 4.2 J B. 4.8 J C. 8.2 J D. 8.4 J
C. 310103J kg1 D. 370103J kg1 Ans B W= JH= 4.2  2 = 8.4
02. 10 mole M¨v‡mi iæ×Zvcxq cÖmvi‡Yi mgq 100j KvR m¤úvw`Z nq| D³ STEP 07 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
eë¯’vi AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b KZ? [RU.2013-14]
01. †kvwlZ Zvc Q = 700 J Ges m¤úvw`Z KvR W = 200 J n‡j †Kv‡bv
A. 1000J B. 100J C. -100J D. 0J
iæ×Zvcxq cÖmvi‡Yi †¶‡Î, dQ =0 du = –dW = – 100J wm‡÷‡gi Af¨šÍixY kw³ KZ e„w× cv‡e? [w`. †ev. 2016]
A. 900 J B. 700 J C. 600 J D. 500 J
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION S D info U = Q – W = (700 – 200) J = 500 J
01. 1 cal Zvc m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z Kx cwigvY KvR m¤úbœ nq?  DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi 02 I 03 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: [h. †ev. 2016]
[CU-A, Set-2. 20-21 KUET: 09-10] V+dV
A. 1J B. 2.4J C. 4.2J D. 4.8J V,Q V,Q+dQ Q+dQ
dW=2J
S C info 1cal = 4.2J 20C 20C 20C
5 2
02. 1.0110 N/m w¯’i Pv‡ci †Kvb Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.04m †_‡K 3 A B C
3 02. dQ = 5J n‡j A n‡j B †Z AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b KZ?
cÖmvwiZ n‡q 0.05m n‡jv| ewnt¯’ Kv‡Ri cwigvb- [CU. 02-03; SUST. 02-03]
A. –3 J B. 0 J C. 3 J D. 7 J
A. 1 J B. 30 J C. 100 J D. 1000 J
W = PV = 110 (0.05–0.04) =110 0.01=1000 J
5 5 S C info dU = dQ – dW = 5J – 2J = 3J
03. hw` wZb Ae¯’vq wm‡÷gwUi AšÍt¯’kw³ h_vµ‡g UA, UB, UC nq Z‡e
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION †KvbwU mwVK?
A. UA = UB = UC B . UC = U B > U A
C. UB < UC = UA D. UA = U B < U C Ans B
KU 04. ax‡i ax‡i Pvc e„w× Kivq †Kv‡bv wm‡÷‡gi Pvc 2Pa n‡Z 4Pa n‡jv|
01. ¯^vfvweK Pv‡c 100 m3 AvqZ‡bi GKwU M¨v‡m 5103 J Zvc w`‡j M¨v‡mi G‡ÿ‡Î mg AvqZb cÖwµqvq wm‡÷‡gi Af¨šÍixY kw³ 200 J e„w× †c‡jv|
AvqZb 100.2 m3 nq Z‡e H M¨v‡mi K…Z KvR n‡e- [ KU. 2007-2008] wm‡÷‡giÑ [Kz. †ev. 2021]
A. 20260 J B. 38340 J C. 22384 J D. 25380 J i. mieivnK…Z Zvc 200J ii. K…ZKvR k~b¨ iii. ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡e
W = P  v = 1.013  105  (100.2 – 100) = 20260J wb‡Pi †KvbwUmwVK?
02. 1kg eid hLb 00C ZvcgvÎvq cvwb‡Z cwibZ nq ZLb GbUªwci e„w× A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. i I iii D. i, ii I iii Ans D
nq- [KU. 2006-07] 05. †Kvb wm‡÷‡gi Dci evwn¨K ej Øviv 500 J KvR m¤úv`b Kivq wm‡÷g n‡Z 300
A. 1231 KJ-1 B. 3112 JK-1 C. 1213 JK-1 D. 2113 JK-1 J Zvc kw³ †ewi‡q †Mj| wm‡÷‡gi AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b KZ? [Kz. †ev. 2017]
mL 1  336  103 –1 A . – 800 J B . – 200 J C . + 200 J D . + 800J
ds = = = 1230.769 = 1231JK
T 273 S C info dQ = – 300 J . dW = – 500 J
PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question dU = dQ – dW = + 200 J
 DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 06 I 07 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
MBSTU
01. †Kvb eë¯’v aªæe AvqZ‡b 300J Zvc eR©b K‡i| eë¯’vi AšÍ:¯’ kw³i dQ P = 3.5  105
Nm–2
cwieZ©b n‡e- [MBSTU. 2014-15]
A. – 150J B. – 300J C. 300J D. – 450J X Y
dQ = dU + dW; wP‡Î wmwjÛv‡i iwÿZ 1 mole M¨v‡m dQ Zvc mieivn Kivq wc÷b X
GLv‡b dQ = –300 Kvib Zvc eR©b K‡i| Ae¯’vb n‡Z Y Ae¯’v‡b Av‡m| G‡Z AšÍ¯’tkw³ 207 J n«vm cvq|
ev, – 300 = dU ev, dU = – 300J wc÷‡bi cÖ¯’‡”Q‡ì †ÿÎdj = 0.1 m2 ; X I Y Gi `~iZ¡ = 5  10–2m.
06. m¤úbœ K…ZKvR KZ? [wm. †ev. 2021]
STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION A. 1.75  103 J B. 1.75  105 J C. 7  105 J D. 7  107 J
KUET S A info dw = Pdv = 3.5  10  0.1  5  102 [v = A  l ]
5
01. GKwU †gvUi Mvwoi Uvqvi 270C ZvcgvÎv I 2 evqy gÛjxq Pv‡c Av‡Q| hw` = 1750 J = 1.75  103 J
UvqviwU nVvr †d‡U hvq Zvi P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki? [KUET: 2008-09]
07. wmwjÛv‡i mieivnK…Z Zvckw³ dQ Gi cwigvY njÑ [wm. †ev. 2021]
A. 27 C0 0
B. 300 C 0
C. 246.1 C 0
D. 273 C Ans A A. 7.002  10 5
J B. 6.998  10 5
J C. 1.957  103
J D. 1.54310 3
J
S D info dQ = du + dw = 207 + 1.75  10 [dQ = n«vm cvq]
3
CUET
= 1.54  103 J
01. ‡Kvb system cwi‡ek †_‡K 800 J Zvckw³ †kvlb Kivq Gi 08. 40C ZvcgvÎvq 1 mole O M¨vm‡K ax‡i ax‡i cÖmvwiZ K‡i AvqZb
2
AšÍ¯’kw³ 500J e„w× †cj| system KZ…©K cwi‡e‡ki Dci m¤úvw`Z wØ¸Y Ki‡j m¤úbœ K…ZKvR n‡jvÑ [wm. †ev. 2017]
Kv‡Ri cwigvb n‡jv| [CUET: 2012-13 JU. 18-19] A. 230.4 J B. 664.8 J C. 1802.9 J D. 5202.1 J
A. 300 J B. 600 J C. 800 J D. 500 J E. 100J V 2V
dQ = dU + dW ev, dW = dQ–dU=800–500 = 300J S C info W = RT ln 2
= 8.31  313  ln = 1802.9 J
V1 V
Concept 3 kw³i iƒcvšÍi msµvšÍ

FORMULA
v2 gh h
01. 1 mv 2  ms ; v = 2s;  = 02. mgh = ms   = = [∵ cvwbi Av‡cwÿK Zvc 4200 J kg1K1]
2 2s s 428.6
03. Zvc, H = mLf ; H = mLv; H = ms ; Lf = eid Mj‡bi Av‡cwÿK myß Zvc = 3.36  105 Jkg1; Lv = ev®úxfe‡bi Av‡cwÿK myß Zvc = 2.26  106 Jkg1
Lf Lf x
04. h D”PZv n‡Z eid c‡o m¤ú~b© M‡j †M‡j D”PZv, h = ; h D”PZv n‡Z eid c‡o x% M‡j †M‡j D”PZv, h = 
g g 100
05. †÷dv‡bi m~Î: E = T4 06. fx‡bi m~Î: mT = b [fx‡bi aªæeK, b = 2.89 × 103 mk]
MEx 01 GKwU RjcÖcv‡Zi cvwb 4200m Dci n‡Z wb‡P cwZZ nq| Rjvk‡qi kxl©‡`k I Zj‡`‡k cvwbi ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ KZ?
h 4200
 = = = 9.8 K
428.6 428.6
MEx 02 KZ D”PZv n‡Z co‡j ei‡di 1% M‡j hv‡e? [g = 10 ms–2]
Lf x 3.36  105
h=  = = 360 m
g 100 10  100
MEx 03 †Kvb GKwU K¨vjwiwgUv‡ii cvwbmg 7 kg| Gi ZvcgvÎv 5C n‡Z 25C-Gi DbœxZ Ki‡Z Zv‡ci cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
M„nxZ Zvc, Q = msw =7(25–5) =140 J
–1 –1
MEx 04 GKwU Zvgvi K¨vjwiwgUv‡ii fi 0.3kg Ges Gi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cw¶K Zvc 400 Jkg K | Gi ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b KZ n‡j 6000J Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb n‡e?
Q 6000
cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc, Q = ms  ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b,  =  = 50K
ms 0.3  400
MEx 05 GKwU K…òe¯‘ 327C ZvcgvÎvq ivLv Av‡Q| KZ Zi½‣`‡N©ï kw³ K…òe¯‘wU wewKiY Ki‡e?
2.898 × 103
GLv‡b, fx‡bi m~Î: mT = b  m T = 2.898 × 103 [fx‡bi aªæeK, b = 2.89 × 103 mk]  m = 600
= 4.83 × 106m

01. 150m DuPz GKwU Rj cÖcv‡Zi Zj‡`k I kxl©‡`‡ki ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ †ei Ki| hw` cZbkxj cvwbi mg¯Í kw³B Zv‡c cwibZ nq|
02. 126 ms-1 ‡eM cÖvß GKwU mxmvi ey‡jU †Kv_vI _vwg‡q †`qvi d‡j mg¯Í MwZ kw³ Zv‡c cwibZ nj| ey‡jUwUi ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× cv‡e? (mxmvi Av‡cw¶K
Zvc 126 J kg-1 k-1 )
03. GKwU MwZ m¤úbœ mxmvi ey‡jU‡K nVvr _vwg‡q †`qvi d‡j Gi mg¯Í MwZkw³ Zv‡c cwiYZ n‡jv Ges ey‡j‡Ui ZvcgvÎv 160°C e„w× †cj| ey‡j‡Ui †eM KZ
wQj? (mxmvi Av‡cw¶K Zvc 125Jkg1k1)
04. 2kg eid Mwj‡q cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z Kx cwigvY Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb?
05. 0C ZvcgvÎvi 1kg eid‡K 0˚C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z KZ Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb?
h 150 1 2 2
01.  = = = 0.35 K/ C 02. mv2  ms  ev   v  (126)  63k
428.6 428.6 2 2S 2  126
v2
03.   ev, v2  2s  v  2s  v  2 125 160 = 200 ms-1 04. H = mLf = 2  3.36  105 = 6.72  105 J
2s
05. †gvU cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc, Q = mLf =13.36105 = 33.6104 J

01. GK Kvc Mig Kwd‡K 80C ZvcgvÎv †_‡K 30C ZvcgvÎvq VvÛv Kiv 01. GKwU K…ò e¯‘i ZvcgvÎv 1000 K n‡j Zv n‡Z KZ kWm2 nv‡i
nj| KvcwUi Zvc aviKZ¡ 2.0 kJK1 n‡j kxZjxKiY cÖwµqvq KZ Zvc Zvckw³ wewKiY n‡e? [ = 5.67  108 Wm2K4]
wbM©Z nj? [DU. 2008-09] [RU-C, Set-1. 19-20]
A. 0.04 kJ B. 60 kJ C. 100 kJ D. 160 kJ A. 0.567 B. 5.67 C. 56.7 D. 567
Q = ms = C=2000(80 – 30) = 100,000J=100 kJ E = T4 = 5.67  10–8  (1000)4 = 56700 Wm–2
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION = 56.7 kWm–2
01. 4200 m DuPz GKwU RjcÖcv‡Zi Zj‡`k I kxl©‡`‡ki g‡a¨ ZvcgvÎvi 02. 5g f‡ii GKwU ey‡jU †Kvb †`qv‡j evav cÖvß n‡j Zvi ZvcgvÎv 160K
eëavb KZ n‡e hw` cZbkxj cvwbi mg¯Í kw³B ZvcgvÎv e„w×‡Z e¨q e„w× cvq| Ab¨ †Kvb fv‡e Zvc bó bv n‡j ey‡j‡Ui †eM KZ wQj? (mxmvi
nq| [JU. 2015-16] AvtZvc = 125 j kg-1 K-1) [RU. 2010-11]
A. 20C B. 9.8C C. 15.6C D. †KvbwUB bq A. 137 ms-1 B. 141.42 ms-1 C. 200 ms-1 D. 500 ms-1
w¯’wZ kw³ Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡j, mgh= ms 1
gh 9.8  4200 mv2 = ms
2
  = = = 9.8K = 9.8˚C
s 4200 ev, v = 2s = 2  125  160 = 200ms–1
02. 100 wgUvi DuPz GKwU RjcÖcvZ n‡Z cvwb wb‡P cwZZ nq| Dc‡ii I wb‡Pi
03. 0˚C ZvcgvÎvi 1kg eid‡K 0˚C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z KZ
cvwbi ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ n‡e- [JU. 2012-13]
A. 0.822C B. 0.234C C. 1.220C D. 0.880C
Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb? [RU. 2010-11]
w¯’wZ kw³ Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡j, A. 33.6104 J B. 9.17106 J

h 100 C. 336 J D. †KvbwUB bq
= = = 0.234K= 0.234C †gvU cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc, Q = mLf =13.36105 = 33.6104 J
428 428
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question

01. K…òe¯‘i ZvcgvÎv wØ¸Y e„w× Ki‡j wewKiY nvi KZ¸Y e„w× n‡e? [2015-16] JUST
A. 16 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. 32 01. m~h© cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û KZ kw³ wewKiY K‡i? [JUST-A, Set-Ka 19-20]
E2 T24  24
=
E1 T1
ev, E2 = 1 ev, E2 = 16 E A. 6  10 J B. 8  10 J C. 3  10 J D. 4  1026 J
26 26 26
02. 1kg cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 1k e„w× Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc- [2014–15] m~h© cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 4×1026J kw³ wewKiY K‡i|
A. 4.2J B. 4.5J C. 3.36105J D. 4200J E. 450J STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
H = ms = 1  4200  1 = 4200 J
CKRuet. Combind
STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION 01. Avnbvd 250 gm f‡ii 0C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU eid LÐ GKwU wbw`©ó
PART A Analysis of General University Question D”PZv †_‡K †d‡j w`j| gvwU‡Z covi ci kw³i msiÿYkxjZv bxwZi
KU Kvi‡Y Drcvw`Z Zv‡ci Rb¨ eid LÐwU 10% M‡j †Mj| Avnbvd KZ
01. GKLÐ eid Dci †_‡K f~wg‡Z cwZZ n‡jv| G‡Z cZb kw³i 50% Zv‡c D”PZv †_‡K eid LÐwU †d‡jwQj? [CKRUET. 2020-21]
iƒcvšÍwiZ nIqvq eid LÐwUi GK-PZz_©vsk M‡j †Mj| LÐwU KZ km A. 4428.57 m B. 3428.57 m C. 3227.60 m
D”PZv n‡Z cwZZ n‡qwQj? [KU. 2018-19] D. 3957.57 m E. 3528.9m
A. 1.714 B. 8.57 C.17.14 D. 34.28 S B info eid L‡Ûi fi m ; M‡j †M‡Q = m Gi 10% = m
1 10
0.5  mgh =  mLf m lf 3.30 × 105
4 GLb, mgh = × lf  h = = m = 3428.57m
1 10 10g 10  98
 0.5  9.8  h =  336000  h = 17.14km
4 [ei‡di Mjb myßZvc (latent heat of fusion) lf = 334 Jg–1 = 334 
–1
02. 200ms †eM cÖvß GKwU mxmvi ey‡jU †Kv_vI _vwg‡q †`qvi d‡j mg¯Í 103 Jkg–1 = 3.34  105 Jkg–1]
MwZkw³ Zv‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ nj| ey‡j‡Ui ZvcgvÎv KZ e„w× cv‡e? (mxmvi
Av‡cw¶K Zvc 126Jkg–1k–1) [KU. 2013-14] STEP 07 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
A. 158.73K B. 158.73 J/kg C. 108.73 J/kg D. 108.73K 01. 500 m DuPz RjcÖcv‡Zi Zj‡`k I kxl© †`‡ki cvwbi ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ KZ
2 2
1 v (200)
2
mv2 = ms ev,  = =
2s 2  126
= 158.73K n‡e? [g = 10 ms2, cvwbi Av‡cwÿK Zvc = 4200 Jkg1K1 [e. †ev. 2016]
03. 5gm weï× cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 5˚C e„w× Ki‡Z Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb- [KU. 2011-12] A. 0.50C B. 1.19C C. 5.0C D. 50C
A. 1 Cal B. 5 Cal C. 25 Cal D. 25 J S B info ms = mgh
M„nxZ Zvc, Q= msw = 510-342005=105 J =25Cal  m  4200   = m  10  500   = 1.19C
Concept 4 ZvcMZxq cÖwµqv msµvšÍ

FORMULA
01. m‡gvò cÖwµqv, P1V1 = P2V2  †Kvb As‡K nVvr kãwU D‡jøL _vK‡j m~‡Î  (Mvgv) eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e, KviY cÖwµqvwU iy×Zvcxq|
 †Kvb As‡K ax‡i ax‡i kãwU D‡jøL Kiv _vK‡j H As‡Ki m~‡Î  eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| KviY cÖwµqvwU m‡gvò|
02. iæ× Zvcxq cÖwµqv, P1V1 = P2V2; T1P11–/ = T2P21–/; T1V1–1 = T2V2–1
[GK cigvYyK M¨v‡mi Rb¨  = 1.66; wØcigvYyK M¨v‡mi Rb¨  = 1.41; eû cigvYyK M¨v‡mi Rb¨  = 1.33]
R R
03. iæ× Zvcxq M¨vm aªæeK,  = CVP ; †gvjvi M¨vm aªæeK, R = Cp – Cv ; Cp =
C
; Cv =
1 –1
V2
04. m‡gvò cÖwµqvq KvR, W = nRT ln
V1
nR
05. iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq KvR, W = (T1  T2) = Cv(T1 – T2) [GK †gvj M¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î]
1
MEx 01 ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQy ï®‥ evqy‡K m‡gvò cÖwµqvq wØ¸Y AvqZ‡b cÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡jv| P‚ovšÍ Pvc KZ?
V
  V 
P 1V 1 = P 2V 2  P‚ovšÍ Pvc, P2 =  1
  P1 =  1   (1.013105) = 5.065104 Nm–2
 V2
  2V1 
MEx 02 Av`k© ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wbw`©ó AvqZ‡bi ï®‥ M¨vm‡K (i) m‡gvò Ae¯’vq Ges (ii) iæ× Zvc Ae¯’vq wZb¸Y AvqZ‡b cÖmvwiZ n‡Z †Ìqv nj|
cÖwZ‡¶‡Î P‚ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki| [ = 1.4]
V   V 
(i) P1V1 = P2V2  P‚ovšÍ Pvc, P2 =  1  P1=  1   (1.013105)= 3.377104 Nm–2
 V2   3V1 
 1 .4
  V   V 
(ii) P1V1 =P2V2  P‚ovšÍ Pvc, P2 =  1  P1=  1  (1.013105)=2.17104Nm–2
 V2   3V1 
MEx 03 27C ZvcgvÎvq 0.02 kg nvB‡Wªv‡Rb M¨vm‡K m‡gvò cÖwµqvq msbwgZ K‡i cÖv_wgK AvqZ‡bi GK PZz_©vsk Kiv n‡jv| K…ZKv‡Ri gvb KZ?
1
0.02  8.314  300 ln
V2 m V2 4
W = nRT ln = RT ln = = – 34576.95 J
V1 M V1 2  10–3
FYvZ¥K wPý Øviv cwi‡ek KZ…©K K…ZKvR wb‡`©k K‡i|
–1 –1
MEx 04 CO2 M¨v‡mi Rb¨ w¯’i AvqZ‡b I w¯’i Pv‡c †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zvc wbY©q Ki| ( = 1.33 Ges R = 8.31 Jmol K )
R 8.31
Cv = = = 25.18 Jmol–1 K–1  Cp = Cv + R  Cp = 25.18 + 8.31 = 33.49 Jmol–1 K–1
 – 1 1.33 – 1
01. 25°C ZvcgvÎvq I evqygÛjxq Pv‡c Ave× ï®‥ evqy‡K nVvr ev iƒ×Zv‡c msbwgZ K‡i AvqZb A‡a©K Kiv nj| Pvc wbY©q Ki|
02. evqy†K iy×Zv‡c cÖmvwiZ K‡i Gi AvqZb wZb¸Y Kiv n‡jv| hw` cÖv_wgK Pvc 1 evqygÛjxq Pvc nq Zvn‡j P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e?


v 
1 .4
2
01. P1V1 = P2V2 ev, P2 =  1  .P1     1  2.64 evqygÛjxq Pvc
 2
v 1

  V  1.4
02. P1V1  P2V2  P2   1  .P1   1   1.01 105 = 2.176104 Nm–2
 V2   3

01. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQy cwigvY ï®‥ evqy‡K m‡gvò cÖwµqvq msbwgZ 01. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 700C ZvcgvÎvq Zvc MÖnY K‡i Ges 350C
K‡i AvqZb A‡a©K Kiv n‡jv| P‚ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e? [DU. 2000-01] ZvcgvÎvq Zvc eR©b K‡i| BwÄb cÖwZ P‡µ 1 kcal Zvc MÖnY Ki‡j, cÖwZ
A. 4.0410–2 Nm–2 B. 2.20 Nm–2
P‡µ m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ? [RU: 2018-19]
A. 2.1kJ B. 4.2 kJ C.1 kJ D. 0.5kJ
C. 4.04105 Nm–2 D. 2.02105 Nm–2 700–350 W
=  W = 2.1
P1V1 = P2V2  P~ovšÍ Pvc, P2 =  V1   P1 700 42
V  02. 400C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvb M¨vm‡K iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq msKzwPZ
 2
K‡i AvqZb A‡a©K Kiv n‡j P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ?
= 1   (1.013105) = 2.02105 Nm 2
V1 [RU. 2006-07]

 V A. 1400C B. 1500C C. 1600C D. 1800C
2 1 T2 =    T1 =    313 = 413K = 140C
v1 –1 2 0.4
v2 1
01. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQz evqy‡K m‡gvò cÖwµqvq wØ¸b AvqZ‡b
01. m‡gvò cÖwµqvq GK MÖvg †gvj †Kvb M¨vm 127C G Gi AvqZb wØ¸Y
cÖmvwiZ Kiv n‡j, PzovšÍ Pvc- [JU. 2013-14]
nIqv ch©šÍ cÖmvwiZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î †gvU K…Z KvR: [CU. 2018-19]
5 –2 2 –2
A. 500×10 Nm B. 505×10 Nm A. 239 Cal B. 239 Joule C. 549 Joule D. 549 Cal
C. 505×103Nm–2 D. 502×104Nm–2 v2
W = nRTln = 1  8.314  400ln2=2305.13J=548.84Cal
P1 1.01325  105 v1
P2 = ev, P2 = = 505  102 Nm–2 02. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQz cwigvb M¨vm‡K nVvr msKzwPZ K‡i AvqZb‡K
2 2
02. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡ci †Kvb Av`k© M¨vm‡K iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq GK PZz_©vsk Kiv n‡j ZvcgvÎv KZ¸b e„w× cv‡e? [CU. 2006-07, SUST. 09-10]
A. 1.74 B. 4 C. 6.96 D. 16
msKzwPZ K‡i AvqZb A‡a©K Kiv n‡j, P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e? [JU. 2009-10] v1–1
  41.4–1
A. 20.057 m cvi` Pvc B. 2.0057m cvi` Pvc T2 =
v2  T1 = 1  T2 = 1.74T1
C. 40.057m cvi` Pvc D. 4.0057m cvi` Pvc
P1V1 =P2V2
V1  PART A
Analysis of General University Question
 P~ovšÍ Pvc, P2 =    P1 = (2)1.4  0.76 = 2.0057 m cvi` Pvc
V2 JnU
03. Av`k© ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQy cwigvY ï®‥ evZvm‡K iæ×Zvc cÖwµqv‡Z Dnvi 01. 30C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb M¨v‡mi Dci iæ× Zvc cÖwµqvq Pvc wØ¸Y Kiv nj|
Avw` AvqZ‡bi GK cÂgvs‡k msKzwPZ Kiv n‡jv| ZvcgvÎv e„w× wbY©q ZvcgvÎv e„w× wbY©q Ki| (   1.4 ) [JnU. 2008-09]
Ki| ( = 1.4) [JU. 2009-10] A. 66.36 K B. 369.36 K C. 69.36 K D. 96.36 K

1 1
A. 246.69˚C B. 446.69˚C C. 146.89˚C D. 246.89˚C S A info T1P1  = T2P2 
–1 –1 1 
T1V1 = T2V2 0 .4
 P1  
 1  1 .4
 P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv, T2 = V1
V 1.41–1
 T1 = (5)0.4  273 = 519.69K P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv, T2 =  P   T1 =    (30+273) = 369.36 K
2  2  2
 ZvcgvÎv e„w×, T = T2 – T1 = 519.69– 273 = 246.69K = 246.69C  ZvcgvÎv e„w×, T = T2 – T1 = 369.36 K – 303 K = 66.36 K
KU BSMRSTU
01. 27C ZvcgvÎvi GKwU Uvqvi‡K cv¤ú Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Zvi Pvc 2 evqygÛjxq 01. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c †Kvb Av`k© GK cvigvYweK M¨vm‡K iæ×Zvcxq
Pv‡ci mgvb nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †mwU †d‡U †Mj| P‚ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? cÖwµqvq msKzwPZ K‡i AvqZb GK Aógvsk Kiv n‡j, P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ n‡e?
( = 1.4) [KU. 2013-14] [BSMRSTU-C, 19-20]
A. 44.3C B. 92.3C C. 33.3C D. 11.3C A. 32 atm B. 33 atm C. 34 atm D. 35 atm
T1P11– = T2P21– P1V1= P2V2
V1  P2 V
 =  
1  P2
0 .4
=  P2= 81.67  1 = 32.2 atm
P    1  1 .4 P1 V2 P1 V
P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv, T2 =  1  T1 =    (27+273) = 365.3K 8
 P2  2
= 92.3C STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
02. 270C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvb M¨vm nVvr cÖmvwiZ n‡q wØ¸b AvqZb
BUET
jvf K‡i, P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv n‡e- [KU. 2006-07]
01. iæ×Zvc cÖwµqvq (=1.4) wØ-cigvYy M¨v‡mi Rb¨ Pvc 0.5% e„w× Kiv
A. 59.92 K B. 597.2 K C. 69.72 K D. †KvbwUB bq
–1 n‡j M¨v‡mi AvqZb Kg‡e ? [BUET. 2010-11]
T2 =   T1 =  
14–1
v 1
2  300 = 227.35k
1
A. 0.5% B. 0.70% C. 1.0% D. 0.36%
v2 V  P
BRUR P1V1 = P2V2 
ev, V2 = P1
1 2
01. w¯’i DòZvq KZ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZ‡bi ¯^vfvweK 1 1
ev, V2 = P1  .V =  
P 100 1.4
Pv‡ci AvqZ‡bi 4 ¸Y nq| [BRUR:2011-12] . v = 0.9964v
A. 1.5 atm B. 1.42 atm C. 0.142 atm D. 2.56 atm 2  100 + 100 
0.5 
v1   100
P2 =    P1 =    1 = 0.143atm
1 1.4
v2 4 v = (1 – 0.9964)  100% = 0.36%
02. 87.230C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvb M¨vm nVvr cÖmvwiZ K‡i Gi
PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question
AvqZb wØ¸b Kiv n‡jv| P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv n‡e- [BUET. 2009-10]
SUST A. 00C B. 450C C. 100C D. 250C
01. m‡gvò cÖwµqvq (T = 400K) 4 †gvj Av`k© M¨v‡mi AvqZb V1 †_‡K –1
T2 =   T1 =  
1.4–1
v1 1
e„w× †c‡q V2 = 2V1 n‡jv| M¨vmwU KZ©„K K…Z KvRKZ? v2 2 (273 + 87.23)
[SUST: 18-19; KU:2012-13] = (0.5)0.4  360.23 = 273k = 0C
A. 9216 J B. 2304 J C. –2304J D. –1329J E. 4000 J
KUET
m‡gvò cÖwµqvq K…Z KvR
01. 137C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvb M¨vm nVvr cÖmvwiZ n‡q 5 ¸Y
v2 2
 nRTln = 4  8.31  400ln = 9213  9216 J AvqZb jvf Kij| PzovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e? [ = 1.4] [KUET:2018-19]
v1 1
02. evqy‡Z iæ×Zv‡c cÖmvwiZ K‡i Gi AvqZb 5 ¸Y Kiv nj| hw` cÖv_wgK A. –215C B. – 137C C.–58C D. 58C E. 137C
–1 –1
T V = T 2
Pvc 1 evqygÛjxq Pvc nq Zvn‡j P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ N/m2 n‡e? ( = 1.4) 1 1
–1
2V
V
A. 1.06104 B. 3.36104
[SUST: 2016-17, JUST-C, 19-20]
C. 4.13104
T2= T1  V 1
2 ( ) = 215.375K  –58C (cÖvq)
D. 5.36104 E. 7.56104 02. iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq evqyi AvqZb e„w× †c‡q wØ¸Y n‡jv| cÖvi‡¤¢i Pvc GK

P1V1 =P2V2  evqyPvc, P~ovšÍ Pvc KZ? ( = 1.4) [KUET: 2012-13]
 A. 0.49 B. 0.93 C. 0.38 D. 0.83 E. 0.15
 P~ovšÍ Pvc, P2 =  V1   P1 =  1   1105 = 1.06104 N/m2
1.4
 
  S C info P V
1 1 = P V
1 2
 V2  5
V 
1 1.4
03. GKwU wmwjÛv‡ii 1Atm Pv‡c Ave× 10 wjUvi M¨vm‡K nVvr K‡i evowZ 2 ( ) ()
ev, P2 = V1 P1 = 2  1 = 0.38atm
Pvc w`‡q 5 Liter Ki‡Z n‡j KZ Pvc w`‡Z n‡e?  =1.4 [SUST: 11-12] 03. 0°C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó M¨vm‡K nVvr cÖmvwiZ K‡i AvqZ‡b wØ¸Y Kiv
A. 1.4Atm B. 2.0Atm C. 2.64.4Atm n‡jv| P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? ( = 1.4) [KUET: 2011-12]
D. 7.0Atm E. 10.0Atm A. – 88.25°C B. – 166.13°C C. 88.25°C
P1V1 = P2V2 D. – 66.10°C E. 166.13°C
V  S D info T1V1-1 = T2V2-1
ev, P2 = V1 P1 =  5   1 = 2.639 = 2.64Atm
10 1.4
2 T1V1–1 273  (V)–1 273
T2 = = = 1.4–1 = 206.895K
04. iƒØ Zv‡c 1 evqy gÛjxq Pv‡c ivLv M¨vm‡K cÖmvwiZ K‡i wØ¸b Kiv n‡j †h V2–1 (2V)–1 2
P~ovšÍ Pvc nq, m‡gvò cÖwµqvq †mB GKB Pvc †c‡Z n‡j M¨vm‡K KZ ¸Y = – 66.105°C  – 66.10°C
0
cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z n‡e| [SUST: 08-09, P. †ev. 2021, g. †ev. 2021] 04. 27 C ZvcgvÎvq I 1 evqy gÛjxq Pv‡c wKQz cwigvb ï®‥ evqy nVvr msKzwPZ K‡i
A. 1.4 B. 2.63 C. 5.2 D. 7.8 A‡a©K AvqZ‡b bvwg‡q Avbv n‡jv| ZvcgvÎv n‡e- (-1.4) [KUET: 2010-11]

P2 =    P1 =    1 = 0.378
V 1 1 1.4
A. 270C B. 2730C C. 00C D. 122.90C
V2 2 –1
T2 =   T1 =  
1.41
v1 2
     300
V 2 =    V1 =
P 1 v 2 1
 V1 = 2.63V1
1
P2 0.378  (2)  300  395.85k  122.850 C
0.4
Concept 5 BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

FORMULA
01.   T1  T2 100 % ;   Q1  Q2  100 % W = Q1  100%

T1 Q1
`¶Zvi cv_©K¨  MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv   T2
02. ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b = ev, T =
(1-1g `¶Zv) (1-2q `¶Zv) (1  1 )(1  2 )
T2
03. Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv T1  ; MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv T2  T1 (1  )  = `¶Zv
1  ,
Q1 Q1
04. BwÄ‡bi †ÿ‡Î, W = Q1 – Q2; Q1 > Q2 ; †iwd«Rv‡iU‡ii †ÿ‡Î, W = Q2 – Q1; Q2 > Q1 , Kvh© m¤úv`b mnM, k = =
W Q2  Q1
Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv Dr‡mi M„nxZ Zvc
Q1 T1
T1  T2 → MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv Q1  Q2 → MÖvn‡K ewR©Z Zvc  Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î T1>T2; Q1> Q2 ; 
Q 2 T2
Model Example01 GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv 60%| hw` Zvc Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv 450K Z‡e Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ?
GLv‡b Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv T1 = 450K T2 = (1 – )T1
 T2 = (1 – 0.6)  450
 = 1 – 450
T2  60  T2 
  100% 100 = 1 – 450 = 180K
T2 T2
 0.6 = 1 –  = 1 – 0.6  T2 = 0.4  450
450 450
 T2 = 180K MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 180K
Model Example02 GKwU Zvc BwÄ‡bi Kvh©Ki c`v_© 600K, ZvcgvÎvi Drm †_‡K 1200J Zvc MÖnY Ges 300K ZvcgvÎvi MÖvn‡K 600J Zvc eR©b
K‡i| Zvc BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv wbY©q Ki|
Q2 = (1 – )Q1
 = 1 – Q   100%   = 1 – 1200  100%
 Q2 600
600
 =1–
1
  = (1 – 0.5)  100%   = 0.5  100% 1200
  = 50% Zvc BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv 50%   = 50%
MEx 01 GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb cvwbi wngv¼ I ùzUbvs‡Ki g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ Av‡Q| BwÄbwUi `¶Zv KZ?
T1  T2 100  0
  100 %   100 %  26.8 % [gvbwU gyL¯’ ivLv fv‡jv]
T1 373
MEx 02 GKwU †iwd«Rv‡iUi kxZj Zvcvavi †_‡K 450J MÖnY K‡i Dò Zvcvav‡i 600J Zvckw³ eR©b K‡i| †iwd«Rv‡iUiwUi Kvh© m¤úv`b mnM KZ n‡e?
Q1 450
Kvh© m¤úv`b mnM, k = = =3
Q2  Q1 (600 – 450)

01. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 500 K ZvcgvÎvi Zvc Drm n‡Z 1250 J Zvc MÖnY K‡i Ges Zvc MÖvn‡K 700 J Zvc eR©b K‡i| BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv wbY©q Ki|
02. GKwU Zvc BwÄb Drm ‡_‡K 600k ZvcgvÎvq 1 kcal Zvckw³ avib K‡i Zvc MÖvn‡K 500 cal Zvc kw³ eR©b K‡i| Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ?
03. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb hLb 270C DòZvi ZvcMÖvn‡K _v‡K ZLb Kg©`¶Zv 50%| G‡K 60% `¶ Ki‡Z n‡j Gi D³ ZvcgvÎvi wK cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e|
04. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 3000C I 1000C Ges Av‡iKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 5000C I 3000C Gi g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Q| cÖ_gwU Zzjbvq wØZxqwUi `¶Zv-
 Q2   700 
01. BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv,   1    100 %  1    100 %  44 %
 Q1   1250 
Q1 T1 600 1000
02.   T = 500  T2 = 300 K
Q 2 T2 2
T 0.10  300

03. T = (1 –  )(1 –  ) = (1 – 0.5) (1 – 0.6) = 150K
1 2
1 2q BwÄ‡bi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv 773
04.  = 1g BwÄ‡bi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv = 573  100% = 135%
2

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION 07. GKwU BwÄb ZvcDrm n‡Z 3000 J Zvc MÖnY K‡i| BwÄbwUi `¶Zv 40%
01. GKwU K‡b©v BwÄb 500 K Ges 250 K ZvcgvÎvi `yBwU Avav‡ii gva¨‡g
n‡j,BwÄbwU n‡Z wK cwigvY Zvc wbM©Z n‡e? [JU. 2014-15]
A. 1200 J B. 3000 J
C. 1800 J D. 1400 J
cwiPvwjZ nq| cÖ‡Z¨K P‡µ BwÄb hw` Drm †_‡K 1 kcal Zvc MÖnY K‡i
BwÄbwUi `¶Zv,  = 1 – Q   100%
Q
Zvn‡j cÖ‡Z¨K P‡µ Zvc MÖvn‡K Zvc eR©b Kivi cwigvY KZ? [DU.A 19-20]
2
1
A. 500 cal B. 1000 cal C. 500 kcal D. 10 kcal
 Q2 = (1 – )  Q1 = (1 – 0.4)  3000 = 1800J
S A info †Ìqv Av‡Q, T1 = 500 k , 08. GKwU KvY©wU BwÄb 800K I 400K ZvcgvÎvq †h `¶Zvi KvR K‡i, wVK
T2 = 250 k ,Q1 = 1 k cal ; Q2 = ? mg `¶Zvq KvR K‡i T I 900K Zvc gvÎvq| ZvcgvÎv T Gi gvb KZ?
T2 250 [JU. 2011-12, JnU: 10-11]
 Q 2 =  Q1 =  1 = 0.5 Kcal = 0.5  1000 = 500 cal A. 900K B. 450 C. 1800K D. 500K
T1 500
 Q2 = 500 cal T = cÖv_wgK ZvcgvÎvØ‡qi AbycvZ  wØZxq †¶‡Îi ZvcgvÎv
02. 127C Ges 27C ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ Kg©iZ GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi
ev, T  800  900 ev, T=1800K
Kg©`¶Zv- [DU. 2016–17, CU. 07-08, BU. 15-16,] 400
A. 15% B. 25% C. 35% D. 50% 09. GKwU Zvc BwÄb ÷xg we›`y I 270 C ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ| BwÄ‡bi
BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv, `¶Zv KZ? [JU. 2010-11]
 T   27  273  A. 29.5% B. 21.75% C. 15.25% D. 19.57%
  1  2  100 % = 1    100 % = 25% T1 – T2 100 – 27
 T1   127  273  =  
 T1   100% =  373   100
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION =
73
 100% = 19.57%
01. 27 C Ges 230 C ZvcgvÎvØ‡qi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi 373
Kg©`ÿZv n‡eÑ 10. gnvwe‡k¦i me‡P‡q †ewk cwigvY c`v_© †Kvb Ae¯’vq Av‡Q? [JU. 2009-10]
[JU-A, Set-B. 20-21]
A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. †Kv‡bvwUB bq A. KwVb B. Zij C. evqexq D. cøvRgv Ans D
S B info Avgiv Rvwb, 11. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 3000C I 1000C Ges Av‡iKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 5000C I
3000C Gi g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Q| cÖ_gwU Zzjbvq wØZxqwUi `¶Zv-
 = 1 –   100% = 1 –
T2 300 [JU. 07-08]
 T1  503  100% = 40.35%  40% A. Same B. 75% C. 135% D. 167%
02. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb ev®úwe›`y I eid we›`yØ‡qi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ n‡j GwUi 1 2q BwÄ‡bi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv 773
= =  100% = 135%
`ÿZv KZ? [JU-A, Set-E. 20-21, RUET. 14-15, RU. 14-15, MBSTU. 19-20] 2 1g BwÄ‡bi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv 573
A. 26.81% B. 30.81% C. 36.81% D. †KvbwUB bq 12. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 2270C ZvcgvÎvq Zvc MÖnY K‡i Ges 770C ZvcgvÎvq
S A info  = 1 – T2  100% = 1 – 373  100% = 26.81%
T 273 Zvc eR©b K‡i| BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv n‡jv- [JU. 2005-06, JUST: 2015-16]
1 A. 70% B. 35% C. 30% D. 66%
T2 T – T 227 – 77
†UKwbK: T  1 n‡e memgq| d‡j, T1  T2 n‡e| =
1 2
 100% =  100% = 30%
1 T1 500
03. hw` †Kvb Zvc BwÄb †_‡K Zvc ewR©Z bv nq, Z‡e BwÄ‡bi ÿgZv KZ n‡e?
[JU-A, Set-A. 19-20] STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION
A. 0% B. 1% C. 30% D. 100%
01. GKwU †iwd«Rv‡iU‡ii Kg©m¤úv`b mnM 2| GwU kxZj Zvcvavi n‡Z cÖwZ
BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv,  = 1  T2  100%
T
1
P‡µ 250J Zvc MÖnY K‡i| †iwd«Rv‡iUiwU cÖwZ P‡µ Kx cwigvY Zvc Dò
T2 = 0   = 100% Zvcvav‡i eR©b Ki‡e? [RU-C, Set-1. 19-20]
04. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi Rb¨ hw` Zvc Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L Zvc A. 500 ] B. 125 ] C. 252 ] D. 375 ]
MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv ax‡i ax‡i Kgv‡bv nj Zvn‡j BwÄ‡bi Kg©`¶Zv †Kgb Q1 250
fv‡e cwiewZ©Z n‡e? [JU. 2015-16]
Kg©m¤úv`b mnM, K = Q – Q  2 = Q – 250
2 1 2
A. e„w× cvq B. AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K C. Kg‡Z _vK‡e D. ejv m¤¢e bq 750
 2Q2 – 500 = 250  Q2 = = 375 J
 = 1 –   100%
T2 2
 T1 02. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi Drm ZvcgvÎv 500K| Drm †_‡K 1000 Ryj Zvc
T2 MÖnY K‡i `yBwU wm‡¼ h_vµ‡g 200 Ryj I 50 Ryj Zvc eR©b K‡i|
T2 Gi gvb Kgv‡bv _v‡K| `¶Zv e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K|
T1 BwÄbwUi Kg©`¶Zv KZ? [RU. 2017-18]
05. 100W ¶gZv I 60% `¶Zv wewkó GKwU †gvU‡ii cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û
A. 75% B. 80% C. 95% D. †KvbwUB bq
m¤úvw`Z KvR wbY©q Ki| [JU. 2015-16]
A. 70 J B. 60 J C. 80 J D. 40 J Ans B
†gvU ewR©Z Zvc = 200 + 50 = 250 J
 BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv,  = 1 – Q   100% = 1 – 1000  100% = 75%
06. 33% Kg©`¶Zv m¤úbœ GKwU Zvc BwÄb 9.0107J Zvckw³ mieivn Kiv Q2 250
n‡jv| BwÄbwU KZUzKz Zvckw³‡K Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e? [JU. 14-15]  1  
A. 3000J B. 8400J C. 30000J D. 10000J 03 . GKwU Kv‡b© v BwÄb 227C ZvcgvÎvq Zvc MÖ n Y K‡i I 167C ZvcgvÎvq
out put Zvc eR©b K‡i| BwÄbwUi `¶Zv KZ? [RU. 2015-16]
 = in put  100% A. 20% B. 25% C. 50% D. †KvbwUB bq
output 227 – 167
ev, 33% =  100% ev, output = 29700  30000J =  100% = 12%
9  107 227 + 273
04. GKwU Zvc BwÄ‡bi Kvh©Ki e¯‘ 400K ZvcgvÎvi Drm n‡Z 840J STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION
Zvc MÖnY K‡i kxZj Avav‡i 420J Zvc eR©b K‡i| kxZj Avav‡ii
01. GKwU K‡b©v BwÄ‡bi Zvc Drm I Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g 327C
ZvcgvÎv- [RU. 2015-16]
I 127C| BwÄbwU Zvc Drm †_‡K 4500 J Zvc MÖnY K‡i wKQz Zvc
A. 200 K B. 420 K C. 300 K D. 100 K
Q1 T 1 840 400 2 400 Kv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i Ges Aewkó Zvc MÖvc‡K eR©b K‡i| ewR©Z Zvc‡i
=
Q2 T 2
ev, 420 = T ev, 1 = T ev, T2 = 200k cwigvY KZ Ryj (J)| [GST-A. 20-21]
2 2
05. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 500K ZvcgvÎvi Zvc Drm †_‡K 1250J Zvc MÖnb A. 1500 B. 2000 C. 2500 D. 3000
S T 400
K‡i Ges Zvc MÖvn‡K 700J Zvc eR©b K‡i| Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ ? D info Q2 = × Q1 =
2
× 4500 = 3000J
T1 600
[RU. 2011-12, CUET: 2010-11]
A. 280 K B. 300 K C. 290 K D. 310 K PART A Analysis of General University Question
Q1 T 1 1250 500
=
Q2 T 2
ev, 700 = T ev, T2 = 280K JnU
2
0
06. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi Zvc Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv 227 C Ges ZvcMÖvn‡Ki 01. GKwU Kv‡b© v i BwÄb (Carnot’s engine) 327o I 27o ZvcgvÎvq KvR
ZvcgvÎv 270C n‡j BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv KZ? [RU. 2010-11, JUST. 15-16]
K‡i| Gi Kg©`¶Zv (efficiency) KZ? [JnU. 2014-15, DU.Tec. 20-21]
A. 20% B. 88% C. 44% D. 40% A. 50% B. 0% C. 100% D. 92%

327 – 27 300
T T 227  27 200 =  100% =  100% = 50%
  1 2  100 %   100 %   100 %  40 % 600 600
T1 500 500
02. GKwU Kv‡Yv© BwÄ‡bi Kg©`¶Zv 48% ZvcMÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 100C n‡j
07. 90˚C I 180˚C ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ GKwU cÖZ¨vMvgx Zvc BwÄ‡bi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ? [JnU. 2009-10]
`¶Zv KZ? [RU. 2007-08]
A. 271.230C B. 272.00C
A. 5.4% B. 12% C. 19.8% D. 25% C. 277.50C D. 273.60C
BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv, T2 283 283 = 544.23k = 271.230C
T1   
 = 1 –   100% = 1 –
T2 90 + 273  1 - 1  0.48 0.52
 T1  180 + 273  100% = 19.8% 03. GKwU BwÄb Zvc Drm †_‡K 300C ZvcgvÎvq ZvcMÖnY K‡i Ges wbgœ
STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION AvKv‡i 100C ZvcgvÎvq Zvc eR©b K‡i| BwÄbwUi `¶Zv KZ?
[JnU. 2005-06]
01. GKwU cÖZ¨veZ©x BwÄb 167C Ges 57C ZvcgvÎvq KvR Ki‡j Zvi A. 6.6% B. 16% C. 32% D. 66%
m‡e©v”P `ÿZv KZ n‡e? [CU-A, Set-3. 20-21] 30 – 10
A. 25% B. 75% C. 5% D. 50% =  100% = 6.6%
303
A info  = 1   100% = 1  
T (57 + 273)
 (167 + 273)  100% = 25%
S 2
KU
 T1  01. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv 60%| hw` Zvc Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv 500K nq,
02. GKwU h‡š¿i Kg©`¶Zv mgvb KZ? [CU. 2015-16]
Z‡e Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ? [KU. 2010-11]
wb‡ek KvR Drcvw`Z KvR
A. Drcvw`Z KvR 100% B. wb‡ek KvR 100% A. 833.33K B. 333.33K C. 180K D. 300K
S Blank info MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv T2 = (1 – ).T1
wb‡ek KvR ev, T2 = (1 – 0.60)  500 = 0.4 × 500 = 200 K
C. wb‡ek KvR + Drcvw`Z KvR 100%
02. GKwU BwÄ‡bi Kg©`¶Zv 40% Gi MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 70C Dr‡mi
Drcvw`Z KvR ZvcgvÎv KZ?
D. wb‡ek KvR + Drcvw`Z KvR 100%
[KU. 2009-10]
E. †Kv‡bvwUB bq
A.466.7K B. 467.66K
Drcvw`Z KvR (out put) C. 566.7K D. 465.7K
wb‡ek KvR (in put) T1 =
T2
=
280
=
280
= 466.67K
03. GKwU Zvc BwÄ‡bi Kg©`¶Zv 80%| MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 127 C n‡j 0 1 –  1 – 0.4 0.6
Dr†mi ZvcgvÎv KZ? [CU. 2013-14]
03. GKwU BwÄb 3400J Zvc MÖnY K‡i Ges 2400J Zvc eR©b K‡i|
A. 2000K B.2100K C.2200K D.2300K E. †KvbwUB bq BwÄbwUi `¶Zv KZ ? [KU. 2006-07, IU. 14-15]
T2 273 + 127 400 A. 32.41% B. 27.41% C. 28.00% D. 29.41%

Dr†mi ZvcgvÎv T1 = = = = 2000K 3400 – 2400
1 –  1 – 0.80 0.20 = 3400
 100% = 29.41%
04. GKwU Kv‡b©vBwÄ‡bi `¶Zv 60% hw` Zvc Dr†mi ZvcgvÎv 400k nq, 5
04. GKwU BwÄb 7.3510 J Zvc Drm †_‡K 600 †Kjwfb ZvcgvÎvq 1.47 x
MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ? [CU. 08-09; CU: 2012-13]
106 J kw³ eR©b K‡i| wbgœ ZvcgvÎvi Avav‡ii ZvcgvÎv KZ Ges
A. 110 K B. 120 K C. 130 K D. 150 K E. 160 K
BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv wbY©q Ki| [KU. 2003-04]
MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv T2=(1-)T1=(1-0.60)400=0.40400 =160K
A. 50% B. 60% C. 40% D. 30%
05. GKwU Zvc BwÄb 175C I 75C – Gi g‡a¨ wµqv K‡i| Gi Kg©`¶Zv T 1 Q1 Q
KZ? [CU. 2006-07] =
T 2 Q2
ev, T2 = Q2  T1
1
A. 30% B. 25% C. 22.3% D. 28.8% 7.35  105
BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv, ev, T2 =  600 = 300K
1.47  106
  1–   100% = 1–
T2 75 + 273  T –T 600 – 300
 T1  175 + 273  100% = 22.3% `¶Zv,  = 1T 2  100% = 600  100% = 50%
1
T – T2 503 – 302

IU = 1 × 100% =  × 100%
01. GKwU cÖZ¨vMvgx BwÄb 27C ZvcgvÎvq 900J Zvc MÖnY K‡i Ges wm‡¼  T1   503 
540J Zvc eR©b K‡i| BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv- [IU-D, 19-20] = 39.96  40%
A. 40% B. 50% C. 60% D. 70% 02. hw` †Kvb Kv‡b©v BwÄb 120˚C I 30˚C ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ KvR K‡i Z‡e Zvi
BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv, `ÿZv kZKiv KZ n‡e? [JUST-A, Set-Ka 19-20, Xv. †ev. 2017]
Q1 – Q2 900 – 540
=
A. 20.9 B. 22.9 C. 24.9 D. 26.9
 Q1   100% = 900  100% = 40% =
T 1 –T 2 × 100% = 393–303
× 100% = 22.9%
PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question  T1  393
SUST MBSTU
01. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb hLb 27˚C ZvcgvÎvq ZvcMÖvn‡K _v‡K ZLb Gi 01. GKwU Zvc BwÄb 147C ZvcgvÎvq Zvc Drm †_‡K 1260 Ryj Zvc MÖnY
Kg©`¶Zv 50%| G‡K 60% `¶ Ki‡Z n‡j Gi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ K‡i Ges 37C ZvcgvÎvq Zvc MÖvn‡K 930 Ryj Zvc eR©b K‡i| BwÄ‡bi
wWMÖx evov‡Z n‡e? [SUST: 2016–17. KU. 11-12] `ÿZv KZ? [MBSTU-A, Set-2 19-20]
A. 50 B. 150 C. 250 D. 350 E. 600 A. 25.8% B. 26.2% C. 25.8% D. 26.2%
T2 300 – –
=
cÖ_g †¶‡Î Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv, T1 = = = 600K Q Q2  1260 930 
 Q1   100% =  1260   100% = 26.2%
1
1 –  1 – 0.5
T 300 02. 25% `¶Zvi GKwU Kv‡b©vi BwÄb 270C ZvcgvÎvq Zvc eR©b K‡i| GwU
w`¡Zxq †¶‡Î Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv, T1 = 2 = 1 – 0.6 = 750K
1 – 
KZ ZvcgvÎvq Zvc †kvlY Ki‡e? [MBSTU. 2015-16]
Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv cwieZ©b, T  750  600  150K
A. 127°C B. 227°C C. 327°C D. 427°C
02. 35% Kg©`¶Zvwewkó GKwU Zvcxq BwÄb cÖwZ c~Y©Pµ †k‡l Drm †_‡K
T1 27 + 273 300
M„nxZ Zv‡ci kZKiv KZfvM eR©b K‡i? [SUST: 2015-16] T1 = = = 400k = 127C
A. 35 B. 45 C. 50 D. 65 E. 55 1 –  1 – 0.25 0.75
eR©b K‡i = 100 – 35 = 65 STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION
03. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb hLb 37oC ZvcgvÎvi ZvcMÖvn‡K _v‡K ZLb Gi
Kg©`¶Zv 30%| G‡K 40% `¶ Ki‡Z n‡j Dr†mi ZvcgvÎv KZ K BUET
0 0
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e ? [SUST: 2014–15] 01. 127 C I 427 C ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ GKwU BwÄ‡bi m¤¢ve¨ m‡e©v”P
A. 50.25 B. 53.75 C. 64.85 D. 73.81 E. 87.13 `¶Zv KZ n‡e ? [BUET. 2010-11]
cÖ`Ë ZvcgvÎv  `¶Zvi cv_©K¨ A. 48% B. 42% C. 29.74% D. 70.25%
ZvcgvÎvi cwieZ©b = 427 – 127
(1  n1) (1  n1)  = 273 + 427  100% = 42.85%
310  0.1 310  0.1 = 73.81
 
1  0.301  0.40 0.7  0.6 02. 200C Ges 1000C ZvcgvÎv Ø‡qi g‡a¨ Kvh©iZ GKwU Kv‡Y©v BwÄ‡bi
04. BwÄb A KvR Ki‡Q 500K I 450K ZvcgvÎvq Ges BwÄb B KvR Ki‡Q `¶Zv n‡e- [BUET. 2009-10]
450K I 400K ZvcgvÎvq| BwÄb B Gi `¶Zv BwÄb A †_‡K KZUzKz A. 0.8 B. 4 C. – 0.8 D. – 4
†ewk? 100 – 20
[SUST: 2012-13]
S Blank info  = 373  100% = 21.44%
A. 0% B. 1.0% C. 1.5% D. 1.75% E. 2.0%
B 500 KUET
= = 1.110 = 1%
A 450 01. GKwU Av`k© Kv‡bv© BwÄ‡bi Kg© `¶Zv 40% Ges Bnv 500k ZvcgvÎvq
05. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 300C. `¶Zv 30% BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv Zvc MÖnY K‡i| hw` Kg©`¶Zv 50% nq, Zvn‡j GKB ewn©Mvgx ZvcgvÎvi
35% Ki‡Z n‡j ZvcMÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ Kgv‡Z n‡e| [SUST: 10-11]
Rb¨ AšÍ:Mvgx ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e| [KUET: 2009-10]
A. 22C B. 44C C. 33.29C D. 70C
T2 A. 500 k B. 600 k C. 700 k D. 800 k E. 900 k
T =   T
(1 –1) (1 – 2) S Blank info T = (1 –  ) (1 –  )
0.05  303 0.05  303 1 2
= – = 33.29k = 33.29C 0.1  500
(1 – 0.30) (1 – 0.35) 0.7  0.65 ev, T = = 166.666K
06. 10000C Ges 5000C ZvcgvÎvq Kvh©iZ GKwU BwÄ‡bi m¤¢ve¨ wK cwigvY 0.6  0.5
hvwš¿K `¶Zv n‡q‡Q| [SUST: 2009-10] 02. GKwU Kv‡b©vBwÄb 400k ZvcgvÎvi Zvc Drm †_‡K 200 cal Zvc MÖnY K‡i
A. 40% B. 60% C. 80% D. 100% Ges Zvc MÖvn‡K 150 cal Zvc eR©b K‡i| Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ?
T1 – T2 1000 – 500 [KUET: 2008-09]
= T  100% = 1273  100% A. 400k B. 200 k C. 150 k D. 450 k
1
500  100% T Q T2 150
= = 39.27% = 40% S Blank info T2 = Q2 ev, 400 =
200
ev, T2 = 300 k
1273 1 1
07. GKwU BwÄb KZ©„K M„nxZ I ewR©Z Zv‡ci cwigvY h_vµ‡g 3500J Ges CUET
4000j. BwÄb KZ©„K Kv‡Ri cwigvY- [SUST: 2007-08]
A. 500 J B. 1000 J C. 100 J D. 2000 J 01. GKwU Kv‡b© v BwÄb 500K ZvcgvÎvi Zvc Drm †_‡K 300cal Zvc MÖnY
W = Q1Q2 = 35004000 = 500 J K‡i Ges Zvc MÖvn‡K 225cal Zvc eR©b K‡i| Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv
JUST KZ? [CUET: 2014-15]
01. GKwU Kv‡Y©v BwÄb 230˚C I 29˚C ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡j Gi A. 666.67K B. 135K C. 300K D. 375K
Kg©`ÿZv KZ? [JUST-C, 19-20] T 2 Q2 Q2.T1 225  500
=
T 1 Q1
ev, T2 = Q = 300 = 375K
A. 40% B. 50% C. 60% D. 70% 1
STEP 07 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION 06. cieZ©x Ae¯’vq `ÿZv c~‡e©iÑ
A. A‡a©K B. mgvb C. wØ¸Y D. wZb¸Y
 DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 01 I 02 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
S A info 1 = 1  T   100% 2 = 1 
T 500
 600  100%
2
GKwU Kv‡b©vBwÄb hLb 72C ZvcgvÎvi ZvcMÖvn‡K _v‡K ZLb Gi 1
Kg©`ÿZv 40%|
= 1 
400 = 20%
01. DÏxcK Abymv‡i BwÄ‡bi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ? [Xv. †ev. 2021]  600  100% 2 0.16
A. 138K B. 207K C. 575K D. 863K  =
= 33.33% 1 0.33
 T 2
S C info  = 1  T   0.4 = 1  T
72 + 273
 2 = 2  1
1 1 myZivs cÖvq wØ¸Y n‡e|
345
 0.6 =  T1 = 575K  wb‡Pi Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z 07 I 08 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : [w`. †ev. 2021]
T1
02. MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv w¯’i †i‡L BwÄbwU‡K 60% `ÿ Ki‡Z n‡j- [Xv. †ev. 2021] GKwU Kv‡Y© v BwÄb 327C I 27C ZvcgvÎv cwim‡i KvR K‡i| BwÄbwU
i. Dr‡mi cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎv n‡e 862.5K Drm n‡Z Q cwigvY Zvc MÖ n Y K‡i wms‡K 3000J Zvc eR© b K‡i|
ii. Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡e 287.5K 07. Q Gi gvb KZ?
A. 1000J B. 1500J C. 2000J D. 6000J
iii. Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv n«vm 287.5K cv‡e
Q1 T 1 T1  Q2 600  3000
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? S D info Q = T  Q1 = T = 300 = 600
A. i B. iii C. i I ii D. i I iii Ans C 2 2 2
08. BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv KZ?
 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 03 I 04 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: [Xv. †ev. 2015] A. 100% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25%
GKwU Zvc BwÄb 327C ZvcgvÎvq 500 J Zvc MÖnY K‡i Ges 27C ZvcgvÎvq
S C info  = 1  Q   100% = 1  6000  100% = 50%
Q 2 3000
Zvc eR©b K‡i| wKQz mgq ci Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 177C G DbœxZ nq| 1
03. BwÄb KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ?  DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi 09 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| [h. †ev. 2015]
A. 1500 J B. 1000 J C. 500 J D. 250 J GKwU Zvc BwÄ‡bi Kvh©Ki e¯‘ 600K ZvcgvÎvq Drm n‡Z 1200 J Zvc
Q T T 300 K  500 J MÖnY K‡i kxZj Avav‡i 300 J Zvc eR©b K‡i|
S D info 2 = 2 ev, Q2 = 2  Q1 = = 250J
Q1 T 1 T1 600 K 09. kxZj Avav‡ii ZvcgvÎv KZ?
 BwÄ‡bi K…ZKvR, W = Q1 – Q2 = (500 – 250) J = 250 J A. 150 K B. 300 K C. 600 K D. 2400 K
04. `yB Ae¯’vq BwÄ‡bi Kg© `ÿZvi AbycvZ KZ?
A. 3 : 4 B. 1 : 1 C. 2 : 3 D. 2 : 1
S A info T2 = Q2  T2 = 300  T2 = 150K
T 1 Q1 600 1200
S D info cÖ_g Ae¯’vq, 10. BwÄbwUi `ÿZv KZ?
T1 – T2 (600 – 300) A. 44% B. 75% C. 60% D. 50%
=  100% =  100% = 50%
T1 600 Q – Q 1200 – 300
S B info  = 1 2
 100% =  100% = 75%
hLb, T2 = 27C Gi cwieZ©b K‡i T2 = 177C-G DbœxZ nq, ZLb Q1 1200
Kg©`ÿZv,  = T1 – T2  100% = 600 – 450 = 25% 11. †Kv‡bv Zvc BwÄb n‡Z A‡a©K Zvc eR©b n‡j BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv KZ n‡e?
[Kz. †ev. 2021]
T1 600
 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 05 I 06 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: [iv. †ev. 2021] A. 25 % B. 50 %
GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 327C ZvcgvÎvq 800 J Zvc MÖnY K‡i Ges 127C C. 75 % D. 80 % Ans B
ZvcgvÎvi ZvcMÖvn‡K Zvc eR©b K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 12 . †Kv‡bv Kv‡b© v BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv 75% Ges ZvcMÖ v n‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 67C | Zvc
227C G DbœxZ Kiv nq| Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e? [Kz. †ev. 2015]
05. BwÄb KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z KvR n‡eÑ A. 85C B. 840C C. 1087C D. 1360C
T T
A. 250 J B. 267 J C. 500 J D. 800 J S C info  = 1 –  = 1 – 2 2
Q1 T 1 800 600 T1 T1
S B info Q = T  Q = 400 Q2 = 533.33 T 340 340
2 2 2  T1 = 2
= = = 1360K = 1087C
 w = Q1  Q2 = 800  533.33 = 266.967 = 267 J 1 –  1 – 75% 0.25
Concept 6 GbUªwci cwieZ©b msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

FORMULA
dQ mLf mLv T
01. w¯’i ZvcgvÎvi †¶‡Î GbUªwc, dS = ; dS = ; dS = 02. ZvcgvÎv T1 †_‡K T2 †Z cwiewZ©Z n‡j, GbUªwc, dS  ms n 2
T T T T1
0 0
MEx 01 100 C ZvcgvÎvi 2kg cvwb‡K 100 C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡Z GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ?
mLv 2  2.26 106
ds   = 1.21  104 J kg–1
T 373
0 0
MEx 01 0 C ZvcgvÎvi 10gm cvwb‡K 10 C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq GbUªwci e„w× nq KZ?
T 283
ds  ms ln 2  0.01  4200  ln = 1.5109J K–1
T1 273

01. 0C ZvcgvÎvi 100 MÖvg cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z G›Uªwci e„w× KZ nq wbY©q Ki|
02. 0C G 0.350kg eid M‡j GKB ZvcgvÎvq cvwb nq| G cÖwµqvq GbUªwci cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki| [L = 336000JK–1]
03. 0°C ZvcgvÎvi 273kg eid‡K 0°C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, GbUªwci cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki|

mL 0.35  3.36  105
= 0.1  4200 ln 
T2 373 –1
01. dS = msln = 43077JK–1
T1 273 = 131.08JK 02. dS =
T
=
273
mL f 273  336000
03. dS= =  336000Jk 1
T 273

STEP 01 ANALYSIS OF DU QUESTION STEP 04 ANALYSIS OF CU QUESTION
01. 100C ZvcgcvÎvi 373 kg cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ Kiv 01. 3kg cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡Z GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ
n‡j GbUªwci cwieZ©b n‡e [cvwbi ev®úxfe‡bi myßZvc = 2.26106 J/kg] n‡e? (cvwbi ev®úxfe‡bi Av‡cw¶K myßZvc 2.26106 J/kg) [CU. 11-12]
[DU. 2017-18] A. 1.21109 J/k B. 1.21106 J/k C. 1.81106 J/k
6
A. 2.2610 J/K B. 842.98 10 J/K
6 4
D. 1.8110 J/k 5
E. 1.8110 J/k
C. 165.04  106 J/K D. 847.01106 J/K mL 3  2.26  106
GbUªwci cwieZ©b, GbUªwci cwieZ©b =  4
 1.81  10 j /k
T 373
dQ mLv 373  2.26 10 6
T 
dS = = = 2.26106 J/K STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF GST QUESTION
T 373
02. 0C ZvcgvÎvi 273 kg eid‡K 0C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv n‡j PART A Analysis of Science & Technology Question
GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ n‡e? eid Mj‡bi Av‡cw¶K myßZvc n‡jv SUST
3.36105 J/kg [DU. 2016-17]
01. 60C ZvcgvÎvi 10 kg cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡j
A. 917.28105 J/K B. 3.36105 J/K C. 273105 J/K D. 0 J/K
G›Uªwci cwieZ©b KZ J.K–1? (cvwbi ev®úxfe‡bi myß Zvc 2.26×106 J.kg–1)
GbUªwci cwieZ©b,
[SUST-B, 19-20]
dQ mLf 273  3.36  10 5 A. 8.05 × 104 B. 6.04 × 104 C. 7.26 × 104
dS = =  = 3.36105 J/K
T T 273 D. 0.48 × 104 E. 6.54 × 104
T ml
STEP 02 ANALYSIS OF JU QUESTION S E info G›Uªwci cwieZ©b, dS = S1 + S2 = msln T2 + T v
1
01. 100oC ZvcgvÎvi 4 kg cvwb‡K 100oC ZvcgvÎvi ev‡¯ú cwiYZ Ki‡j 373 10  2.26  106
= 10  4200  ln + = 10(476.43 + 6,058.98)
GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ n‡e? [JU-A, Set-C. 20-21. iv. †ev. 2021] 333 373
A. 2.42×10 JK B. 3.42X10 JK C. 4.42x104JK-1 D.†KvbwUB bq
4 -1 4 -1 = 10  6,534.98 = 6.54 104
ml 4  2.26  106 JUST
S A info S = T v = 373
= 2.42 × 104JK-1
01. 27C ZvcgvÎvi 20 gm cvwb‡K 50C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z
02. GKwU Kv‡b©vP‡µ †gvU G›Uªwci cwieZ©b- [JU-A, Set-D. 19-20] cÖ‡qvRbxq GbUªwci e„w× nq KZ? [JUST: 2015-16]
T1 – T2 A. 6.21 J/k B. 2.61 J/k C. 0.62 J/k
A. TV B. D. 3.21 J/k E. 5.21 J/k
T1
GbUªwci cwieZ©b,
C. 1 –  
Q 1
D. †KvbwUB bq
 Q2 
Ans D
ds = msln = 20  10–3  420ln 
T2 323
T1 300 = 6.20 J/k
STEP 03 ANALYSIS OF RU QUESTION MBSTU
01. 100 C ZvcgvÎvq 2kg cvwb‡K 1000C ZvcgvÎvq ev‡®ú cwibZ Ki‡Z 01. 10C ZvcgvÎvi 5 kg cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvq DbœxZ Ki‡Z GbUªwci
0
GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ? [RU. 2012-13] cwieZ©b KZ n‡e? [MBSTU-C, Set-2 19-20]
A. 5900 JK1 B. 6000 JK1 C. 5800 JK1 D. 5798 JK1
4 -1 4 -1
A. 4.5210 JK B. 1.2110 JK
4 -1 4 -1
C. 165.610 JK D. 1.1310 JK T2 373
dS = msln = 5  4200  ln = 5798 Jk1
mLv 2  226  104 –1 T1 283
dS = = = 1.21  10 JK
4
T 373 PUST
02. 1000C ZvcgvÎvq wKQz cwigvb cvwb‡K GKB ZvcgvÎvq ev‡®ú cwibZ
01 . 0C Gi 0.5 kg f‡ii eid‡K 0C Gi cvwb‡Z iæcvšÍi Kiv n‡j
GbUªwci cwieZ©b 1.21104 JK-1. cvwbi cwigvb KZ? [RU. 2009-10]
GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ? [PUST-A, 19-20]
A. 2kg B. 2.5 kg C. 1.5 kg D. 2.4 kg A. 615.3 J/K B. 612.5 J/K C. 615.2 J/K D. 610.2 J/K
mLv dQ  T 1.21  104  373 mL 0.5  336000
dQ = ev, m= = = 2kg G›Uªwci cwieZ©b, dS = T f =
T Lv 226  10 4
273
= 615.38 J/K
STEP 06 ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING & BUTex QUESTION RUET

01. 00C ZvcgvÎvi 3kg eid‡K 00C ZvcgvÎvq cvwb‡Z cvwb‡Z Ki‡Z
BUET
GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ ? [RUET. 2009-10]
01. hLb 10g cvwb 00C †_‡K 400C ZvcgvÎvq DËß Kiv nq ZLb GbUªwci
A. 3592 J/K B. 3582 J/K
cwieZ©b n‡e? [BUET. 2010-11] C. 377J/K D. 369.23 J/K
A. 5.43 calk B. 2.83 cal k C. 1.37 calk D.10.58 calk-1
-1 -1 -1
mL 3  336000
S Blank info dQ = T = 273 = 3692.3J/K
ds = ms ln   = 0.014200 ln
T2 313
T1 273
5.74 STEP 07 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION
= 5.74 Jk1 = 4.2 = 1.367 =1.37 cal k1
01. 20gm cvwb‡K 0C †_‡K 80C ZvcgvÎvq DrZß Kiv n‡jv| G›Uªwci
CKRuet. Combind cwieZ©b KZ n‡e? [P. †ev. 2021, g. †ev. 2021]
01. –10C ZvcgvÎvq 10 kg eid‡K 0C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z A. 21.59 JK–1 B. 24.02 JK–1
G›Uªwci cwieZ©b KZ n‡e? [eid Mj‡bi Av‡cwÿK myßZvc 80,000 C. 40.20 JK–1 D. 46.20 JK–1
T 353
cal/kg, ei‡di Av‡cwÿK Zvc 0.5 Jkg–1K–1 Ges cvwbi Av‡cwÿK Zvc S A info S = msln T2 = 0.02  4200  ln 273 = 21.59 Jk1
4200 Jkg–1K–1|]
1
[CKRUET. 2020-21]
02. 0.01 kg cvwb‡K 0C †_‡K 10C G DËß Kiv n‡jv| G›Uªwc cwieZ©b
A. 3.12 kcalK–1 B. 2.93 kcalK–1 C. 312 JK–1
D. 0.187 kcalK -1
E. 3.12 calK –1 n‡jv- [w`. †ev. 2016; wm. †ev. 2016; P. †ev. 2015]
S B info S = S2 + S2 A. 3.5 JK1 B. 4.5 JK 1

C. 2.5 JK1 D. 1.5 JK1
283
= mSiceln
273 ml
+ f = 10 × 0.5 × ln
273 10×80000×42
+ S D info S =  ms dT
273–10 273 263 273 273 T
= 12307.88JK–1 = 12.31 kJK–1 = 2.93 kcalK–1 [1 cal = 4.2J] = 0.01  4200  {ln(283) – ln(273)} = 1.5JK–1
 SAQ 
Short Answer Questions
WRITTEN PART  BAQ 
Broad Answer Questions
01. wc÷bhy³ GKwU wmwjÛv‡i wKQz M¨vm Ave× Av‡Q| M¨v‡mi Pvc 500 c¨vm‡K‡j 04. 327 †mjwmqvm cÖv_wgK ZvcgvÎvi 1 †gvj evqy Øviv GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb
w¯’i †i‡L 750 Ryj Zvc kw³ Lye ax‡i ax‡i mieivn Kivq 1250 Ryj KvR KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Q| Kv‡b©v P‡µi cÖwZwU av‡c ms‡KvPb-cÖmviY AbycvZ
m¤úvw`Z n‡j M¨v‡mi AvqZb I AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki| 1:6 n‡j Ñ (i) Kv‡b©v P‡µi me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki|
Solve Avgiv Rvwb, dQ = dU + dW †Ìqv Av‡Q, P = 500 Pa (i) BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv wbY©q Ki|
ev, dU = (750 – 1250)J dQ = 750J (i) cÖwZwU P‡µ wbU Kv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki| ( = 1.4)
dU = 500J (Ans.) dW = 1250J Solve (i) Avgiv Rvwb, V1 1
Avevi, dW = PdV dU = ? –1 V = 6
T1V1 – 1 = T2V2 – 1 ev, T2 = T1 
V1 2
dV = ?
ev, dV = (1250/500)m3 V2  = 1.4
dV = 2.5m 3 1.4 – 1
T = 327C = 600 K
ev, T2 = 600  6
1 1
02. Kve©b WvB A·vBW M¨v‡mi Rb¨ w¯’i AvqZ‡b I w¯’i Pv‡c †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK T 2 = ?
Zvc wbY©q Ki| †Ìqv Av‡Q,  = 1.33 Ges R = 8.314J mol K –1 –1 T2 = 20C = 293 K
T1 – T2
100% = 1 –
Solve Avgiv Rvwb, CP – CV = R †Ìqv Av‡Q, 293 
(ii) Avgiv Rvwb,  = 100% = 51.2%
CP  = 1.33
T 1  600 
Ges C =  (iii) Avgiv Rvwb, W = W1 – W3
V R = 8.314 J mol–1 K–1
R 8.314 CP = ? = RT1ln(V2/V1) – RT2ln(V3/V4)
CV = =
 – 1 1.33 – 1 CV = ? = RT1ln(V2/V1) – RT2ln(V2/V1)
= 25.18 J mol K –1 –1 = Rln(V2/V1) (T1 – T2)
–1 –1 = 8.314  ln6 (600 – 293) = 4572.2J
CP = CV + R = 25.18 + 8.314 = 33.49 J mol K
03. GKwU wmwjÛv‡ii g‡a¨ 1 †gvj M¨vm Av‡Q| M¨vmwU‡K iƒ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq 05. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi Zvc MÖvnK hLb 27 ‡mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvq _v‡K,
Ggbfv‡e msKzwPZ Kiv n‡jv hv‡Z ZvcgvÎv 27 †mjwmqvm †_‡K 97 ZLb Gi Kg©`ÿZv 40%| BwÄbwUi cÖviw¤¢K Kg©`ÿZvi 10% e„w× Ki‡Z
†mjwmqv‡m DbœxZ nq| GB cÖwµqvq m¤úvw`Z KvR Ges Drcbœ Zv‡ci n‡j Gi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ evo‡Z n‡e?
cwigvY wbY©q Ki| ( = 1.5) Solve cÖ_g I wØZxq †ÿ‡Îi Dr‡mi GLv‡b, cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î
Solve Avgiv Rvwb, GLv‡b, T1 = 27C = 300K ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g T1 I T1| T2 = 27C = 300K
T1 – T2  = 40%
W=
R
(T – T2)
T2 = 97C = 370K cÖ_g †ÿ‡Î  = T1 T1 = ?
–1 1 W=?
8.314 H=? T2 300 5 wØZxq †ÿ‡Î,
(300 – 370) ev, T1 = = =  300 K
=
1.5–1 1 –  40 3  = 40% + 10% of 40%
= – 11.62  102J  T1 = 535.7K = 44%
W 11.62102 dT = 537.7 – 500 K = 37.7K T1 = ?
Drcvw`Z Zvc, H = J = 4.2
= 276.7 Cal Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv 37.7K evov‡Z n‡e| dT = ?
06. †Kv‡bv Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi ZvcvaviØ‡qi ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g 320 †Kjwfb I 1

12. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb AšÍM©vgx Zv‡c Ask Kv‡R iƒcvšÍi K‡i| Gi Zvc
260 †Kjwfb| Drm †_‡K 500 Ryj Zvc MÖnY Ki‡j BwÄb KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z 4
Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ? MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv Av‡iv 70C n«vm Ki‡j Zvi `ÿZv wØ¸Y nq| Drm
Solve Avgiv Rvwb, Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi †ÿ‡Î, GLv‡b, T1 = 320K ZvcgvÎv I Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv †ei Ki|
Q1 Q2 T2 = 260 K 1 T1–T2 1 T2 T2 3
=
T1 T2 Q1 = 500 J; Q2 = ? Solve 1g †ÿ‡Î,  = 4 = T ev, 4 = 1 – T ev, T = 4
1 1 1
T2 260  500 T1 – (T2 – 70) 1 1 T2 70 1
 Q2 = T  Q1 = 320 J = 406.25J 2q †ÿ‡Î, =  ev, 1 – + =
1 T1 4 2 T1 T1 2
Avevi, W = Q1 – Q2 = (500 – 406.25)J = 93.75J 70 1 3 1
07. GKwU cÖZ¨veZ©x BwÄb Zv‡ci 1/6th As‡k Kv‡R iƒcvšÍi K‡i| hLb Dr‡mi ev, T = 2 + 4 – 1 = 4
1
ZvcgvÎv wVK †i‡L MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 60C Kgv‡bv nq, ZLb BwÄ‡bi 3
`ÿZv wØ¸Y nq| MÖvnK Gi ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki| ev, T1 = 280K  T1 = 280 K  T2 = 4  280 = 210K
Solve awi, MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv T1 I Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv T2| 13. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi Zvc Drm I Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g 500K I
T1 1 T1 375K| hw` BwÄbwU cÖwZ P‡µ 252  104J Zvc †kvlY K‡i Z‡e,
=1–  =1–
T2 6 T2 (i) BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv, (ii) cÖwZP‡µ Kv‡Ri cwigvY I (iii) cÖwZ P‡µ ewR©Z
2 T1 – 62 1 T1 62 1 1 62 Zv‡ci cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
Avevi, 6 = 1 – T  3 = 1 – T + T  3 = 6 + T
2 2 2 2
Solve T1 = 500K, T2 = 375K, Q1 = 252  104J, Q2 = ?,  = ?, W = ?
T2 = 372 K = 99C & T1 = 310K = 37C  MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 37C T2 375
08. 100C ZvcgvÎvq 0.02kg Rjxq ev®ú Nbxf~Z n‡q – 10C ZvcgvÎvq (i)  = 1 – = 1 – = 0.25 = 25%
T1 500
cwiYZ Ki‡Z KZ Zvc eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e? ev‡®úi Nbxfe‡bi Av‡cwÿK (ii) W = Q1 – Q2 = (252 – 189)  104 = 6.3  105J
myßZvc = 2268000Jkg–1, ei‡di Av‡cwÿK Zvc = 2100Jkg–1 Ges Q2 T 2 375
ei‡di Mj‡bi Av‡cwÿK myßZvc = 336000Jkg–1| (iii) =  Q2 =  252  104 = 1.89  106J
Q1 T 1 500
Q1 Q2 Q3
Solve 100C Rjxqev®ú – 100C cvwb – 0C cvwb – 10C 14. GKwU wd«‡Ri gU‡ii ÿgZv 200W| hw` VvÛv cÖ‡Kv‡ôi ZvcgvÎv 270K
Q4 Ges evwn‡ii ZvcgvÎv 300K nq Zvn‡j 100min G VvÛv cÖ‡Kvô †_‡K
eid – –10C eid ; Q1 = mlv = 0.02 2268000 = 45360 J; m‡ev©”P Kx cwigvY Zvc cvIqv hv‡e?
Q2 = mwSw = 0.02 4200 (100–0) = 8400J Solve GLv‡b, T1 = 300K, T2 = 270K
Q3 = mlf = 0.02  336000 = 6720 J; T1 – T2 300 – 270 Qin
Q4 = miSi  = 0.02  2100  10 = 420 J = = = 0.1; Pin =  Qin = Pin  t ......... (i)
T1 300 t
 Zvc eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 = 60900J
from (i), Qin = Pin  t = 200  100  60 = 1.2  106J
1
09. GKwU Kv‡b©v P‡µi `ÿZv | ZvcMÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 70C Kgv‡bvi d‡j `ÿZv Qin – Qout
6 =
Qin
1
nq 3| Kv‡b©vi PµwU GLb †Kvb cÖviw¤¢K Ges PzovšÍ ZvcgvÎvØ‡qi Kvh©iZ? Qout= Qin–Qin=1.2  106 – 0.1  1.2  106 = 1.08  106J
1 T2 15. 0C ZvcgvÎvq 1g ei‡d cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 10J Zvc cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j KZÿY
Solve 6 = 1 – T ................ (i) ci m¤ú~Y© eid ev®úxf~Z n‡e? [JnU-A, Set-2. 19-20]
1
1 T2 – 70 T2 70 1 70 Solve GLv‡b Zvc, H = ml ice + ms  + mlstem = 1  10–3 (3.36 
= – =1– + = + [from (i)]
3 T1 T1 T1 6 T1 105 + 4.2  103  102 + 2.26  106)
 H = 10–3  105 (3.36 + 4.2 + 22.6) = 102  30.16 J
= – =  T1 = 420K T2 = T1 1 –  = 350K
70 1 1 1 1

T1 3 6 6  6  eid ev®úxf~Z nIqvi mgq,
 eZ©gv‡b cÖviw¤¢K ZvcgvÎv 420K I P~ovšÍ ZvcgvÎv 102  30.16
(350 – 70)K = 280K t= = 10  30.16 sec = 5.02 min
10
10. T1 Avw` ZvcgvÎvi GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi Av`k© Avw` AvqZb 2m3| 16. 1 †gv‡ji †Kvb M¨vm‡K 27C m‡gvò cÖwµqvq cÖmvwiZ n‡Z †Ìqv n‡jv hZÿY
iƒ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq cÖmvi‡Yi d‡j Gi AvqZb 4m3 nq Zvici m‡gvÂ bv ch©šÍ Gi AvqZb wØ¸b nq| Zvici iæØZvcxq cÖwµqvi G‡K Avevi Av‡Mi
cÖwµqvq cÖmvwiZ Kivq AvqZb 10m3 nq, cieZ©x av‡c iƒ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq AvqZ‡b wdwi‡q Avbv nj| †gvU K…Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki? [BUTex. 2020-21]
ms‡KvP‡bi d‡j Gi ZvcgvÎv cybivq T1 nq| Gi P~ovšÍ AvqZb KZ?
T1 V2–1
Solve m‡gvò cÖwµqvq K…ZKvR,
–1 –1 –1
Solve T1V1 = T2V2  T = V  = 2 V2 n=1
2 1 W1 = nRT ln R = 8.4Jmol–1
–1 –1 V1
GLb, T2V3 = T1V4
 W1 = 1  8.4  300  ln2 T = 300K
 =   =   V4 = =
T2 1 y–1 V4 –1 v3 10 3
T1 2 V3 2 2
m = 5m3 (Ans.) W1 = 1746.73J V2 = 2V1
11. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb hLb 27C ZvcgvÎvq Zvc MÖvn‡K _v‡K Gi Kg© `ÿZv GLb, 300K  T1
50%| G‡K 60% `ÿ Ki‡Z n‡j Gi Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ evov‡Z n‡e? 2V 1 iæ×Zvc V1
V –1
Solve awi, Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv T m~Î: T1V1–1 = T2V2–1  T1 = V2  T2
MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv T1 = 27 + 273 = 300K 1
T1 300  1 = (2)1.4–1
 300 = 395.86K
 = 1 –  0.5 = 1 –  T = 600K nR 18.4
T T
iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq K…ZKvR, W2 = [T – T2] = [395.86 – 300]
T1 300 1– 1 1–1.4
 = 60% n‡j, 0.6 = 1 – = 1 –  T = 750K
T T  W2 = – 2013.06J [eySvq KvR wm‡÷g wb‡R K‡i‡Q]
ZvcgvÎv evov‡Z n‡e (750 – 600)K = 150K †gvU Kv‡Ri cwigvY, W = W1 + W2= –266.169J
0 0
17. 40 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎvq Ges 76 †mwg evqy Pv‡c wKQz cwigvY evqy‡K 21. 10 C ZvcgvÎvq 5kg cvwb‡K 100 C ZvcgvÎvq DbœxZ Ki‡Z GbUªwci
iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq AvqZb wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e? Avevi hw` cwieZ©b wbb©q Ki? [PUST. 2011-12]
cwiewZ©Z ZvcgvÎv †_‡K 20 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm e„w× Kiv nq, Z‡e Gi Pvc Solve GbUªwci cwie©Zb,
dS = ms ln   = 54200ln 
KZ n‡e? [KUET; 19-20] T2 373
= 5798.76 JK-1
Solve GLv‡b, T1 = 40 + 273 = 313K, V1 = V, V2 = 2V, T2 = ?  T 1  283
GLb, T1V1–1 = T2V2–1 22. 0˚C ZvcgvÎvi 1kg eid‡K 100˚C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ Kiv n‡jv|
–1 G›Uªwci cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki| [BUTEX; 19-20]
 T2 = T1 
1  
V V 1.4–1
V2 = 313  2V = 237.21 K = – 35.79C mlf

Solve s = T + msln T + T
T2 mlv
Gici ZvcgvÎv 20C e„w× Ki‡j ZvcgvÎv T2 = (–35.79 + 20)C 1 1 2
1  336000 373 12268000
= –15.79C = 257.21K = + 1  4200  ln + = 8622.046 JK–1
273 273 373
GLb, P1 = 76cm (Hg) = 1atm, T1 = 313K, T2 = 257.21 K 23. dv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡ji †Kvb ZvcgvÎv †mw›U‡MÖW †¯‹‡ji cv‡Vi wZb¸Y? [Zdv¾j m¨vi]
P2 1– T1
 T1P1  = T2P2      = C F  32
1– 1–
P1 T2 Solve Avgiv Rvwb, 5 = 9

 1.4
 P2 = P1    1– = 76    1–1.4
T 1 313 aiv hvK, dv‡ibnvB‡Ui x ZvcgvÎv †mw›U‡MÖW †¯‥‡ji cv‡Vi wZb¸Y,
T2 257.21 x
= 38.23 cm (Hg) = 0.503 atm  †mw›U‡MÖW †¯‥‡j ZvcgvÎv
3
18. T1 Avw` ZvcgvÎvi GKwU Av`k© M¨v‡mi Av`k© Avw` AvqZb 2m3| iæ×Zvcxq x ev, 9x = 15x  480
cÖwµqvq cÖmvi‡Yi d‡j Gi AvqZb 4m3 nq Zvici m‡gvò cÖwµqvq cÖmvwiZ 3 x  32 x x 32 ev, 6x = 480
 = ev, 15 = 9
Kivq AvqZb 10m3 nq, cieZx© av‡c iæ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvq ms‡KvP‡bi d‡j 5 9  x = 80
Gi ZvcgvÎv cybivq T1 nq| Gi P~ovšÍ AvqZb KZ? [BUET:2018-19]
24. KZ D”PZv n‡Z GKLÛ eid co‡j m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c M‡j hv‡e? [Zdv¾j m¨vi]
–1 Solve h m D”PZvq m fiwewkó GKwU eidL‡Ûi wefe kw³Z = mgh J
Solve T1V1–1 = T2V2–1  T = V  = 2 – 1
T 1 V 0
2 1
Avevi eidLÐwU m¤ú~Y©fv‡e M‡j †h‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvc = m Lf J.
–1 –1 T2 2 – 1 V4 – 1 V 10  mgh = mLf GLv‡b, g = 9.8 Nkg1
GLb, T2V3 = T1V4 T = 1 =V  V4= 2s = 2 = 5m3 3.36  10 Jkg
5 1
Lf = eid Mj‡bi myßZvc
1 3 ev, h = = 34285.7 m
19. GKwU cÖZ¨veZ©x BwÄb Zv‡ci 1/6th Ask‡K Kv‡R iƒcvšÍi K‡i| hLb 9.8 Nkg1 = 3.36 Jkg1
Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv wVK †i‡L MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 62oC Kgv‡bv nq, ZLb  34285.7 m
BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv wØ¸Y nq| MÖvnK Gi ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki| [BUET; 19-20] 25. GKwU ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUv‡i wb¤œ w¯’i we›`y 4 Ges EaŸ w¯’i we›`y 98| H
Solve awi, Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv T1 I MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv T2| _v‡g©vwgUv‡i 51 cvV w`‡j dv‡ibnvBU I †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j cvV KZ n‡e? [Zcb m¨vi]
T2 1 T 2 T – 62 Solve Avgiv Rvwb,
=1–  = 1 – 2 Avevi, = 1 – 2
T1 6 T1 6 T1 ZvcgvÎv  wb¤œw¯’i we›`y
mKj †¯‥‡ji †ÿ‡Î, AbycvZ mgvb
1
 =1– +
T2 62 1 1 62
 = + EaŸ©w¯’i we›`y  wb¤œw¯’i we›`y
3 T1 T1 3 6 T1 dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡ji †ÿ‡Î, GLv‡b, ÎæwUc~Y© _v‡g©vwgUv‡i,

62 1 1 1
= – =  T1 = 372 K = 99oC F  31 SM ZvcgvÎv, S = 51
T1 3 6 6 =
212  32 B  M wb¤œw¯’i we›`y, M = 4
 T2 =  – 1  T1 = 310K = 37oC  MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 37oC
1 F  32 51  4 DaŸ©w¯’i we›`y, B = 98
6  ev, 180 =
98  4 dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j cÖK…Z ZvcgvÎv, F = ?
ASPECT SPECIAL: T1 = 6  62 = 372 K Ges T2 = 372 – 62 = 310 K
 F = 122 F †Kjwfb †¯‥‡j cÖK…Z ZvcgvÎv, K = ?
20. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pvc Kv‡K e‡j? 0˚C ZvcgvÎvi 2kg f‡ii cvwbi
K  273 S  M
mv‡_ mgvb f‡ii 90˚C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb wgwkÖZ Kiv n‡jv| G›Uªwci Avevi, †Kjwfb †¯‥‡ji †ÿ‡Î, =
373  273 B  M
cwieZ©b wbY©q Ki| [NSTU-A, 19-20]
K  273 51  4
Solve 0˚C ev 273K ZvcgvÎv‡K ¯^vfvweK ZvcvgÎv I 760 mm HgP ev, 100 =  K = 323 K  122 F ; 323 K
98  4
ev 1 atm Pvc‡K ¯^vfvweK Pvc ejv nq| (NTP = Natural Temperature 26. 100˚C ZvcgvÎvq 0.02 kg Rjxq ev®ú Nbxf~Z n‡q –10˚C ZvcgvÎvq
and Pressure) cwiYZ Ki‡Z KZ Zvc eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e? ev‡®úi Nbxfe‡bi
GLv‡b, cÖ_g cvwbi ZvcgvÎv, T1 = 0˚C = 273 K; fi, m1 = 2 Kg
Av‡cwÿK myßZvc = 2268000 Jkg–1, ei‡di Av‡cwÿK Zvc = 2100
wØZxq cvwbi ZvcgvÎv, T2 = 90˚C
Jkg–1 Ges ei‡di Mj‡bi Av‡cwÿK myßZvc = 336000 Jkg–1|
= (90 + 273)K = 363 K fi, m2 = 2 Kg [RUET: 19-20]
Dfq cvwbi Av‡cwÿK Zvc, s = 4200 J Kg–1k–1 Q1 Q2
awi, wgkÖ‡Yi me©‡kl ZvcgvÎv = T †Kjwfb Solve 100˚C Rjxq ev®ú  100˚C cvwb  0˚C
kZ©g‡Z, m1S (T–T1) = m2S(T2 – T)  T – T1 = T2 –T Q3 Q4
cvwb  0˚C eid  – 10˚C eid
 2T = 363 + 273  T = 318 K  T = (318 – 273)K = 45K Q1 = mlv = 0.02  2268000 = 45360 J
A_©vr M„nxZ/ewR©Z Zvc, Q = m1ST = (2420045)J = 3,78,000J Q2 = mwSw = 0.02  4200  (100 – 0) = 8400 J
dQ dQ Q3 = mlf = 0.02  336000 = 6720 J
G›Uªwci cwieZ©b, S = – T + T
2 1
Q4 = miSi  = 0.02  2100  (0 + 10) = 420 J
= 378000  1
–
1 
= 343.293J/K  Zvc eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 = 60900 J

273 363 
STEP 3 mKj cvVëB‡qi NCTB QUESTIONS ANALYSIS e¨vLvmn mgvavb

cÖkœ
01. ‡Kvb wm‡÷g cwi‡ek †_‡K 800 J Zvckw³ †kvlY Kivq Gi AšÍt¯’ kw³ 500 10. BwÄbwUi `¶Zv KZ?
cÖkœ [Zdv¾j m¨vi]
J e„w× cvq| wm‡÷g KZ…K cwi‡e‡ki Dci K…Z Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ? [Bm&nvK m¨vi] A. 22% B. 44% C. 40% D. 50%
A. 200J B. 400J C. 1500J D. 300J 
= 1–
T2  280
dW = dQ – du = 800 – 500=300J  T1  100% = 1 – 500  100% = 44%
02. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ZvcMwZwe`¨vi wØZxq m~‡Îi MvwYwZK iƒcÑ [Bm&nvK m¨vi] 11. Zv‡ci MZxq gZev` †K cÖeZ©b K‡ib? [Mwb m¨vi]
A. dQ  dS B. dS  dQ C. dS  T D.   W Ans B A. K¨vjwiK B. KvD›U ivg‡dvW© C. wbDUb D. AvBb÷vBb
T T dQ Q1
KvD›U ivg‡dvW©, n¨vg‡d †Wfx, †Rgm †cÖmKU Ryj cÖgvY K‡ib †h,
0 0
03. 0 C ZvcgvÎvi 1kg eid‡K 0 C ZvcgvÎvi 1kg cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z KvR Z_v hvwš¿ K kw³ †_‡K Zvc Drcbœ nq Ges Zvc MwZiB GKwU iƒc|
GbUªwci Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? [Bm&nvK m¨vi] 12 . Wv³vwi _v‡g© v wgUv‡i GKRb †jv‡Ki †`‡ni ZvcgvÎvi cvV 98.4°F
3 –1 3 –1 3 –1
A.1.2010 JK B.1.2410 JK C.1.2310 JK D.1.510 JK 3 –1 †mjwmqvm †¯‥‡j GB ZvcgvÎv KZ? [Mwb m¨vi]
mlf 3.36  105 1 A. 36.88°C B. 40°C C. 39°C D. 39°C
dS = = = 1.23  10 JK
3
T 273 C F  32 98.4  32
  C  5   36.88C
04. wbgœ ùzUbv‡¼i †Kvb Zij cwicvk¦© n‡Z jxb Zvc ev myß Zvc MÖnb K‡i 5 9 9
cwicvk¦©‡K kxZj K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? [Bm&nvK m¨vi] 13. GbUªwc- [Mwb m¨vi]
A.wngvqb B.wngvqK C.Zvcxq BwÄb D.†iwd«Rv‡iUi Ans A i. Zvc cÖev‡ni w`K wb‡`©k K‡i
05. GbUªwci S.I GKK †KvbwU? [Bm&nvK m¨vi] ii. AcÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqvq Bnv AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K iii. wek„•Ljvi wnmve K‡i
A. kJ–1 B. JK–1 C. JK D. J2K Ans B wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
06. Av`k© M¨v‡mi iæ×Zvcxq m¤úªmvi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb †jLwPÎwU mwVK? A. i I ii B. ii I iii C. ii D. i I iii Ans D
[Bm&nvK m¨vi, AvRMi m¨vi]
 `vM bv KvUv GKwU cvi` _v‡g©vwgUvi‡K ch©vqµ‡g MwjZ eid, ev®ú I
ln T ln T
mgy‡`ªi cvwb‡Z Wzwe‡q hLb cvi` ¯Í¤¢ w¯’i n‡jv ZLb †¯‥j w`‡q †g‡c
A. B. wb¤œwjwLZ wPÎ Abyhvqx cvV cvIqv †Mj|
O ln P O ln P ev®ú
ln T ln T
12cm
C. D. mgy`ª cvwb
O ln P O ln P eid
4cm
1
= constant  lnT + 1   lnP = lnK

2cm

S B info TP

 lnT =   1 lnP + lnK y = mx + c
 Dc‡ii Z_¨ †_‡K 14 I 15 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
07. GKwU GK cvigvYweK M¨v‡mi w¯’i AvqZ‡b †gvjvi Av‡cwÿK Zv‡ci †jLwPÎ- 14. mgy‡`ªi cvwbi ZvcgvÎv KZ? [Mwb m¨vi]
[Bm&nvK m¨vi] A. 2°C B. 20°C C. 40°C D. 80°C
Cv Cv 42
  100  20C
A. B. 12  2
T T 15. wPÎ Abyhvqx ev‡®úi ZvcgvÎv- [Mwb m¨vi]
O O A. 98°C B. 273K C. 373K D. 100K
Cv Cv 12
T  273.16k  273.16k
C. D. Ans B 12
O
T
O
T 16. iƒ×Zvcxq cÖwµqvi Rb¨ PVγ= aªæeK GwU‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU
08. `ywU e¯‘i Nl©‡bi d‡j Zvc Drcbœ nq, GwU †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwµqv? [Zcb m¨vi] eëüZ n‡q‡Q? [kvgmyi m¨vi]
A. cÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqv B. AcÖZ¨veZ©x cÖwµqv A. Cp=Cv B. Cp=RCv
C. iƒ×Zvcxq cÖwµqv D. m‡gvò cÖwµqv C. PdV=RdT= VdP D. dQ=CvdT=CvdT+PdV=0
`ywU e¯‘i g‡a¨ Nl©‡bi Rb¨ †h Zvc m„wó nq Zv AcÖZ¨veZ©x dQ = dU + dW, dW = pdV Ges Cv = dU
cÖwµqv KviY, Nl©‡bi weiæ‡× †h KvR nq ZvB Zv‡c cwiYZ nq Ges H dT
Zvc‡K Kv‡R cwiYZ Kiv hvq bv|  dQ = CvdT + PdV
 GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb 500K ZvcgvÎvi Zvc Drm †_‡K 1250J Zvc MÖnb K‡i 17. ‣Îawe›`yi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z _v‡g©vwgwZi g~j mgxKiY †KvbwU? [nvwjg m¨vi]
Ges ZvcMÖvn‡K 700J Zvc eR©b K‡i| wb‡¤œi 09 bs 10 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: A. T   273.16 X K B. T   273 X K
09. Zvc MÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv KZ? [Zdv¾j m¨vi]    X tr 
 X tr  
A. 240K B. 250K C. 280K D. 300K
Q1 Q 2 Q 700 C. E  a  b 2 D. T  273.16 X  0 C Ans A
  T2  2  T1   500  280k  X tr 
T1 T2 Q1 1250 
STEP 4 MCQ CONCEPT TEST WRITTEN

cÖkœ
01. 10C ZvcgvÎvi 5kg cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvi cvwb‡Z DbœxZ Ki‡Z 18. 35% Kg©`¶Zvwewkó GKwU Zvcxq BwÄb cÖwZ c~Y©Pµ †k‡l Drm †_‡K
G›Uªvwci cwieZ©bÑ M„nxZ Zv‡ci kZKiv KZfvM eR©b K‡i?
A. 5978.86 JK–1 B. 6978 JK–1 C. 5798.76 JK–1 D. 6000 JK–1 A. 35 B. 45 C. 50 D. 65
5 19. GKwU Kv‡b©vi BwÄb (Carnot engine) 327o I 27o ZvcgvÎvq KvR K‡i|
02.  = Gi Rb¨ †KvbwU mwVK?
3 Gi Kg©`¶Zv (efficiency) KZ ?
5 5 3 A. 50% B. 0% C. 100% D. 92%
A. Cp = R B. CV = R C. CV = R D. CV = 2R
3 3 2 20. 100 wgUvi DuPz GKwU RjcÖcvZ n‡Z cvwb wb‡P cwZZ nq| Dc‡ii I wb‡Pi
03. †Kvb wm‡÷‡gi Dci evwn¨K ej Øviv 500 J KvR m¤úv`b Kivq wm‡÷g cvwbi ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ n‡e-
n‡Z 300 J Zvc kw³ †ewi‡q †Mj| wm‡÷‡gi AšÍt¯’ kw³i cwieZ©b KZ? A. 0.822C B. 0.234C C. 1.220C D. 0.880C
A. – 800 J B. – 200 J C. + 200 J D. + 800J
04. †Kv‡bv Kv‡b©v BwÄ‡bi `ÿZv 75% Ges ZvcMÖvn‡Ki ZvcgvÎv 67%C|  OMR SHEET 
Zvc Dr‡mi ZvcgvÎv KZ n‡e?] 01. A B C D 06. A B C D 11. A B C D
A. 85C B. 840C C. 1087C D. 1360C 02. A B C D 07. A B C D 12. A B C D
05. 0.01 kg cvwb‡K 0C †_‡K 10C G DËß Kiv n‡jv| G›Uªwc cwieZ©b n‡jv 03. A B C D 08. A B C D 13. A B C D
A. 3.5 JK1 B. 4.5 JK1 C. 2.5 JK1 D. 1.5 JK1 04. A B C D 09. A B C D 14. A B C D
3 3 05. A B C D 10. A B C D 15. A B C D
06. ¯^vfvweK Pv‡c 100m AvqZ‡bi GKwU M¨v‡m 510 J Zvc w`‡j M¨v‡mi
AvqZb 100.2m3 nq| H M¨v‡mi K…Z Kv‡Ri cwigvb n‡e -  WRITTEN PART 
A. 20265J B. 105J C. 30520J D. 9800J
21. `ywU K…ò e¯‘ A I B Gi cÖwZ GKK †¶Îdj †_‡K cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û wbM©Z Zvc
07. GKwU Zvc BwÄb Drm †_‡K 600k ZvcgvÎvq 2.56106j Zvckw³ MÖnb
kw³i AbycvZ 16:1. A Gi ZvcgvÎv 2000 K, Ab¨wUi ZvcgvÎv KZ?
K‡i ZvcMÖvn‡K 5.12105 Zvckw³ eR©b K‡i| BwÄ‡bi `¶Zv wbY©q Ki|
DËi: .......................................................................................
A. 60% B. 80% C. 70% D. 75%
0 0 22. GKwU w¯’i AvqZb M¨vm _v‡g©vwgUvi 00CGes 1000C ZvcgvÎvq h_vµ‡g
08. 127 C I 27 C ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ Kg©iZ GKwU Zvc BwÄ‡bi me©vwaK
Kg©`¶Zv KZ? 100cm I 135cm cvi` Pvc cÖ`k©b K‡i| †Kvb Zi‡j H _v‡g©vwgUvi
A. 60% B. 40% C. 450% D. 25% 120cm cvi` Pvc cÖ`k©b Ki‡j H Zi‡ji ZvcgvÎv KZ?|
09. GKwU Zvc BwÄ‡bi Kg©`¶Zv 40%| BwÄbwU Zvi M„wnZ Zv‡ci KZ Ask DËi: .......................................................................................
eR©b Ki‡e? 23. GKwU BwÄb 4200J Zvc MÖnb K‡i 3200J Zvc eR©b K‡i| BwÄbwU Øviv
A. 40% B. 60% C. 80% D. 100% Drcvw`Z Kv‡Ri cwigvb KZ?
10. GKwU Kv‡bv©wU BwÄb 800K I 400K ZvcgvÎvq †h `¶Zvi KvR K‡i, wVK DËi: .......................................................................................
mg `¶Zvq KvR K‡i T I 900K Zvc gvÎvq| ZvcgvÎv T Gi gvb KZ? 24. 3kg cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡Z GbUªwci cwieZ©b KZ n‡e?
A. 900K B. 450 C. 1800K D. 500K DËi: .......................................................................................
Cp 25. C ZvcgvÎvi 1kg cvwb‡K 100C ZvcgvÎvi ev‡®ú cwiYZ Ki‡Z KZ
11. GKwU wØ cigvby wewkó M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î nj-
Cv
GbUªwc cwieZ©b nq?
A. 1.67 B. 1.4 C. 1.33 D. 1.11
DËi: .......................................................................................
12. DòZvwgwZK ag© m¤úbœ e¯‘i D`vnib-
26. 2kg f‡ii GKwU e¯‘ 3m D”PZv n‡Z c‡o Zv‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡j Zv‡ci
A. •KwkK b‡j iw¶Z cvi` B. cøvwUbvg Zvi
C. ZvchyM‡ji cwievnx Zvi D. mK‡jB
cwigvY KZ n‡e?
13. ¯^vfvweK Pv‡c 100 m3 AvqZ‡bi GKwU M¨v‡m 5x103 J Zvc w`‡j M¨v‡mi
DËi: .......................................................................................
AvqZb 60.2 m3 nq Z‡e H M¨v‡mi K…Z KvR n‡e- 27. GKwU Kv‡b©vi BwÄb 230° C I 27° C ZvcgvÎvq KvR Ki‡Q| Gi
A. 20260 J B. 199000 J C. 22384 J D. 25380 J Kg©`¶Zv KZ?
14. GKwU Kv‡b©v BwÄb hLb 270C DòZvi ZvcMÖvn‡K _v‡K ZLb Kg©`¶Zv 50%| DËi: .......................................................................................
G‡K 60% `¶ Ki‡Z n‡j Gi D³ ZvcgvÎvi wK cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e| 28. 10C ZvcgvÎvq 2 kg eid‡K 0C ZvcgvÎvq cvwb‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z
A. 600K B. 300K C. 240K D. †KvbwUB bq cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv‡ci cÖ‡qvRb n‡e-
15. ‡Kvb ZvcgvÎvq †Kjwfb I dv‡ibnvBU †¯‥‡j GKB cvV cvIqv hvq? DËi: .......................................................................................
A. 574.25F B. 273.16K C. 374.25F D. 375F 29. ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wKQz cwigvb M¨vm‡K nVvr msKzwPZ K‡i Zvi
16. m‡gvò cÖwµqvq †h †f․Z ivwkwU w¯’i _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j? AvqZb GK Z…Zxqvsk Kiv nj| PzovšÍ ZvcgvÎv n‡e-
A. GbUªwc B. AšÍ¯’kw³ C. Pvc D. AvqZb DËi: .......................................................................................
17. cvwbi AvqZb 0.1% msKzwPZ Kivi Rb¨ KZ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e, 30. 27C ZvcgvÎvq †Kvb wbw`©ó cwigvb M¨vm nVvr cÖmvwiZ n‡q wØ¸b AvqZb
cvwbi AvqZb ¸bvsK = 2100 M Pa (1MPa= 106 pascall) jvf Ki‡j| PzovšÍ ZvcgvÎv KZ? [ = 1.40]
A. 2.1106 Pa B. 2.1108 Pa C. 2.1105 Pa D. 2.1104 Pa DËi: .......................................................................................
 MCQ  ANSWER ANALYSIS  WRITTEN 

cÖkœ bs DËi e¨vL¨v
373K
dS = ms 
dT
01 C = 5  4200  ln (373 + 283) = 5798.76 JK–1
T
283K
R R 3
Cv = = = R
02 C  –1 5 – 1 2
3 
03 C dQ = – 300 J.dW = – 500 J ; dU – dQ – dW = + 200 J
T T T 340 340
04 C  = 1 – 2  2 = 1 –  ;  T1 = 2 = = = 1360K = 1087C
T1 T1 1 –  1 – 75% 0.25
S =  283
dT
05 D 273
ms = ; = 0.01  4200  {ln(283) – ln(273)} = 1.5JK–1
T
06 A W = P  V= 1.01325105 (100.2 – 100) = 20265J
Q1  Q2 2.56 106  0.512106
07 B  100%  100% = 80%
Q1 2.56 106
T T 127  27 100
08 D   1 2  100%   100%   100%  25%
T 400 400
1
Q2 Q2 Q2
09 B =1–  0.4 = 1 –  = 0.6  Q2 = 0.6  Q1  Q2 = 60%  Q1 A_©vr M„nxZ Zv‡ci 60% eR©b Ki‡e|
Q1 Q1 Q1
10 C T = cÖv_wgK ZvcgvÎvØ‡qi AbycvZ  wØZxq †¶‡Îi ZvcgvÎv ev, T  800  900 ev, T=1800K
400
11 B GK cigvYyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î:  = 1.66 (He, Ar) ; wØ-cigvYyK M¨v‡mi †¶‡Î:  = 1.4(O2, N2, X2)
12 A DòZvwgwZK ag© m¤úbœ e¯‘i D`vnib n‡jv- •KwkK b‡j iw¶Z cvi`|
13 B W = P  v = 5103  (100 –60.2)= 5  103  39.8 = 199000J
DT 0.10  300
14 D T = = = 150K
(1 – 1)(1 – 2) (1–0.5)(1–0.6)
x  273 x  32
15 A =  9x  9  273 = 5x  5  32  4x = 9  273  5  32  x = 574.25F
5 9
16 B m‡gvÂ cÖwµqvq ZvcgvÎv I AšÍt¯’ kw³ w¯’i _v‡K|
17 A P2 = 21001060.001 =2.1106 Pa
18 D eR©b K‡i = 100 – 35 = 65
327  27 300
19 A   100%   100% = 50%
600 600
h 100
20 B w¯’wZ kw³ Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡j,   = = = 0.234K= 0.234C
428 428
E A TA4
 4  16  2000  T   2000   1000K
4
21 E B TB B  
1 TB4  2 
x p x 0 120  100
22 x= 100   100  57.14  C
x100  x 0 135  100
23 w = Q1 – Q2 = 4200 – 3200= 1000J = 100 × 108 (1J = 107erg]
dQ mL v 3  2.26  10 6
24 G›Uªwci cwieZ©b, dS = T =   1.81  10 4 J / k
T 373
dQ
25 dS =  2260000/373 = 6.05×103J/K Note: eZ©gv‡b 2.26×106J/K Gi cwie‡Z© 2.268×106J/K aiv nq|
T
Q = mgh = 29.8  3 = 58.8J=
58.8
26
 4.2  = 14.01 cal
‡QvU gvb
27  = 1 – eo gvb   100 %= 1  27  273   100% = 40.35% = 40%
   230  273 
28 Q = m(S + lf) = 2(2100  10 + 3.36  105) = 71400 J
 -1  1
T1 V1-1 = T2 V2-1  T2   V1  × T1 =  3V2  × T1 = (3)1.4-1×273 =423.65K

 
29  T2 = 150C
 V2   V2 
1
T1V1-1 = T2V2-1  T2=  1  T1=  2V   300=227.35k T2= – 45.600C
V  V 
30
w
V2  

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ASPECT PHYSICS cÖ_g cÎ  Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ 367

Aa¨vq Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡

CONCEPT-02 70% 75% 75% 75% 80% 45% 80%

STEP 1 mvRv‡bv me Z_¨ THEORY fwZ© †ivMxi c_¨

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Concept 2 M¨v‡mi MwZZ‡Ë¡i †gŠwjK ¯^xKvh©mg~n

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Concept 3 Av`k© M¨v‡mi MZxq mgxKiYmg~n

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

PART B Analysis of Science & Technology Question A. P  T B. P  T 2

Concept 4 AvYweK †e‡Mi eÈb Ges Mo gy³ c‡_i Z_¨vejx

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Concept 5 ¯^vaxbZvi gvÎvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vejx

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Concept 6 m¤ú„³ Ges Am¤ú„³ ev‡®úi Z_¨vejx

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

STEP 05 ANALYSIS OF HSC BOARD QUESTION wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVKÑ

Concept 7 Av`ª©Zv Ges wkwkivsK msµvšÍ Z_¨vejx

✅ evqygÛ‡j ev®ú Nbxf~Z nIqvi dj:

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

BRUR 04. wkwki n‡”Q [h. †ev. 2017]

STEP 2 mg„× †ewmK MvwYwZK c‡Ö qvM (MATH) kU©KvU †UKwbK

 NOW START PRACTICE 

NOW PRACTICE SOLVE :

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

W = PV = 101325  0.01 = 1.013  10 J 3

= 300   1.4 = 246 K = –26.9C

wbY©q Ki? [CUET. 11-12] 1 PV 2

n«‡ì Zj‡`‡k eyèy‡ì AvqZb, v1 = (23 – 1)  10.2 = 7  10.2 = 71.4

 NOW START PRACTICE 

NOW PRACTICE SOLVE :

02. h = ( 2 –1)  10.2 = 10.2;

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

 NOW START PRACTICE 

NOW PRACTICE SOLVE :

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Concept 4 ZvcgvÎv I g~j MoeM© †eM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

 NOW START PRACTICE 

NOW PRACTICE SOLVE :

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

ZvcgvÎvq GB †eM KZ n‡e? [SUST. 07-08]

Concept 5 M¨v‡mi MwZkw³ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

Ek=3/2 RT =1.5 RT  1.5  8.314  300  3741.3J

 NOW START PRACTICE 

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

C. 3650J D. 3845J A. 6232.5J B. 3739.5J

Concept 6 Mogy³ c_ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

NOW PRACTICE SOLVE :

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Concept 7 Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv I wkwkiv¼ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡qvM

 NOW START PRACTICE 

mg‡qi evqyi Av‡cw¶K Av`ª©Zv wbY©q Ki|

REAL TEST  ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

STEP 3 mKj cvV¨eB‡qi NCTB QUESTIONS ANALYSIS e¨vLvmn mgvavb

24. cig ZvcgvÎv I Mo eM©‡e‡Mi eM©g~‡ji m¤úK© †KvbwU? 

44. 1 wjUv‡i KZ NbwgUvi? [CU. 14-15] [kvgmyi m¨vi]

STEP 4 MCQ CONCEPT TEST WRITTEN

 MCQ  ANSWER ANALYSIS  WRITTEN 

CONCEPT-03 50% 45% 40% 35% 40% 40% 25% 