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    Sir Maaz

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    Muhammad Zeeshan Ali
    This document discusses autacoids, which are local hormones that help mediate physiological functions. It describes four major classes of autacoids: 1) Amine autacoids such as histamine and serotonin, 2) Lipid-derived autacoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, 3) Peptide autacoids such as bradykinin and angiotensin, and 4) Other autacoids including gastrin, cytokines, and somatostatin. The document then focuses on histamine and serotonin, outlining their roles, receptors, therapeutic uses, and potential adverse effects.

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    Sir Maaz

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Zeeshan Ali
    20 views4 pages
    This document discusses autacoids, which are local hormones that help mediate physiological functions. It describes four major classes of autacoids: 1) Amine autacoids such as histamine and serotonin, 2) Lipid-derived autacoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, 3) Peptide autacoids such as bradykinin and angiotensin, and 4) Other autacoids including gastrin, cytokines, and somatostatin. The document then focuses on histamine and serotonin, outlining their roles, receptors, therapeutic uses, and potential adverse effects.

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    This document discusses autacoids, which are local hormones that help mediate physiological functions. It describes four major classes of autacoids: 1) Amine autacoids such as histamine and serotonin, 2) Lipid-derived autacoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, 3) Peptide autacoids such as bradykinin and angiotensin, and 4) Other autacoids including gastrin, cytokines, and somatostatin. The document then focuses on histamine and serotonin, outlining their roles, receptors, therapeutic uses, and potential adverse effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    20 views4 pages

    Sir Maaz

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Zeeshan Ali
    This document discusses autacoids, which are local hormones that help mediate physiological functions. It describes four major classes of autacoids: 1) Amine autacoids such as histamine and serotonin, 2) Lipid-derived autacoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, 3) Peptide autacoids such as bradykinin and angiotensin, and 4) Other autacoids including gastrin, cytokines, and somatostatin. The document then focuses on histamine and serotonin, outlining their roles, receptors, therapeutic uses, and potential adverse effects.

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    Name zeeshan ali

    Reg 70092862
    Autacoid

    Name derived from the word “AUTOS” means “self” and “ÄKOS” means healing substance

    They are also called local hormone

    Classification of AUTACOI

    They are classified into four major classes:

    1. Amine Autacoids

    • Histamine

    • Serotonin

    2. Lipid-derived Autacoids

    • Prostaglandins

    • Leukotrienes

    • Platelet-activating factor

    3. Peptide Autacoids

    • Plasma Kinins (Bradykinin, Kallidin)

    • Angiotensin

    4. Other Autacoids

    • Gastric Autacoids (Gastrin)

    • Cytokines

    • Somatostatin

    • Vasoactive Intestinal Peptides

    • Endothel
    Amine Autacoids
    Histamine mean tissue amine chemical messenger mostly generated in mast cells

    Mediates allergic and inflammatory reactions, gastric acid secretion, and neurotransmission in parts of

    the brain. Neurotransmitter in the brain,component of venoms and in secretions from insect sting
    Possible locations of the histamine: ↑ conc. of basophils and mast cells All tissues Blood vessels Skin and
    lungs o GI tract

    CNS

    Awakening Appetite

    Learning

    Memory (H1 and H3)

    Main role:

    Allergy reaction control

    HISTAMIN ACTION

    1) H1 and H2 RECEPTORS: widely expressed and the targets of clinically used drug
    2) First gen penetrate CNS cause sedation (BBB)

    2) PRE-SYNAPTIC H3 RECEPTOR:

    regulates release neurotransmitters histamine itself

    3) HISTAMINE H4

    exclusively in blood cells, and mediates their chemotaxis in response to histamine

    H2 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

    They relax histamine-induced contraction of bronchial smooth muscle and have some use in allergic
    bronchospasm.They block the vasodilator action of histamine and inhibit histamine induced increases in
    capillary permeabilitY

    MOA: Block the actions of histamine at all H2 receptors

    Main Function: Inhibition of gastric acid secretions

    THERAPEUTIC USE anti histamine

    Ketotifen
    Azelastine

    ADVERSE EFFECT

    FIRST GEN PENETRATE BBB cause sedation

    They sometime cause motion sickness rarely

    SEROTONIN:

    ACTION

    CVS: Constriction of arteries as wellas dilated by the direct action of 5-HT

    Smooth muscle: Stimulator of GIT

    Glands: Inhibition of gastric secretion

    Respiration: Increased Respiratory rate

    Platelets: Change in shape of platelets

    C. SEROTONIN: THERAPEUTIC USES 5-HT AGONISTS: cause

    Vaso constriction

    Buspirone: anxiolytic

    Fluoxetine: depression

    Ergot alkaloids: migraine

    (Vasodilation of intracranial blood vessels)

    Fungus infects your grain

    (Claviceps purpurea) Vasoconstriction

    Uterine contraction

    Hallucination

    Psychosis

    Amine alkaloids: Ergonovine and Ergometrine

    Post-partum

    hemorrhage >application in migraine


    Methylsergide

    Migraine prophylaxis

    Diethylamide Hallucinogen Psychoactive

    Autacoids: Eicosanoids

    Compounds that contain 20 carbons that include a cyclic ring structure.

    Example: Mefenamic acid> pains & inflammation Gastric irritation Targets both COX1 and COX2
    ↑HCl↓Mucus

    ADVERSE EFFECT

    Local pain

    2. Irritation

    3. Bronchospasm

    4. GI disturbances, Including nausea Vomiting, cramping, and diarrehea

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