Q1: Describe the architecture of Amazon EC2 and simple storage service(S3)?

Ans: Architecture of Amazon EC2

EC2 is a web service offered by Amazon to persons or companies with websites who want to outsource ownership of web servers. The idea of EC2 is to lighten the cost of buying servers to host a website, but more importantly to eliminate the wasted time web site developers devote to managing hard assets. Instead of buying servers to increase capacity or add new web features, you simply buy more gigabytes on EC2. Amazon sells it in subscription form, with subscriptions based on how much capacity you use. Eventually, services like EC2 will dominate, eliminating much wasted power and hardware costs for companies everywhere. To create a new application to run in the cloud, or moving an existing application from your own servers into the cloud. You should understand the infrastructure available in the cloud and how it's similar or different from your own data centers. There are main components that EC2 provides:Amazon Machine Images and Instances - An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is a template that contains a software configuration (e.g.,

operating system, application server, and applications). From an AMI, you launch instances, which are running copies of the AMI. You can launch multiple instances of an AMI. These instances keep running until you stop or terminate them, or until they fail. If an instance fails, you can launch a new one from the AMI. You can use a single AMI or multiple AMIs depending on your needs. From a single AMI, you can launch different types of instances. An instance type is essentially a hardware archetype. You select a particular instance type based on the amount of memory and computing power you need for the application or software that you plan to run on the instance. You might only need to use AMIs that Amazon or other reputable sources provide, and you can simply customize the resulting instances (e.g., run a script) to provide the data or software you need each time you launch an instance. You can also create your own custom AMI or AMIs; then you can run your application by launching one of your customs AMIs. Regions and Availability Zones - Amazon has data centers in different areas of the world (e.g., North America, Europe, Asia, etc.). Correspondingly, EC2 is available to use in different Regions. By launching instances in separate Regions, you can design your application to be closer to specific customers or to meet legal or other requirements. Prices for Amazon EC2 usage vary by Region Each Region contains multiple distinct locations called Availability Zones. Each Availability Zone is engineered to be isolated from failures in other Availability zones and to provide inexpensive, low-latency network connectivity to other zones in the same Region. By launching instances in separate Availability Zones, you can protect your applications from the failure of a single location Storage - When using EC2, you might have data that you need to store. The two most commonly used storage types are: Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes Amazon S3 - Amazon S3 is storage for the Internet. It provides a simple web service interface that enables you to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web. Amazon EBS Volumes - EBS is a new form of persistent storage created by Amazon that lets you create volumes that can be attached as block-level devices to a running instance. You can also create snapshots from these volumes and later recreate a volume from the snapshot. Each snapshot represents the state of a volume at a specific

point in time. You can thus easily store files and data that need to persist beyond the lifetime of an instance on an EBS volume, then easily attach and reattach that volume to any instance you want. The one limitation is that each EBS volume can only be attached to one instance at a time. However, you can attach as many different volumes to a single instance as you want. Each EBS volume is associated and located in an availability zone. The instance to which the volume is being attached must be in the same availability zone. Databases - The application you're running on EC2 might need a database. Following are two common ways to implement a database for your application: Use Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS), which enables you to easily get a managed relational database in the cloud Launch an instance of a database AMI, and use that EC2 instance as the database Amazon RDS offers the advantage of handling your database management tasks, such as patching the software, backing up and storing the backups, etc. Networking and Security - Each instance is launched into the Amazon EC2 network space and assigned a public IP address. Instances can fail or terminate for reasons outside of your control. If one fails and you launch a replacement instance, the replacement will have a different public IP address than the original. However, your application might need a static IP address. Amazon EC2 offers elastic IP addresses for those situations. By using an Elastic IP Address you can bring up new instance in another availability zone and then bind the Elastic IP to it. Any and all instances launched within the EC2 environment run inside a security group. Each security group defines the firewall rules that specify the access restrictions for instances that run within that group. You can grant or restrict access by IP address or classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) rules, which let you specify a port range and transport protocol. You can also control access to specified security groups, so any instances running within those security access groups will automatically be granted or denied access to your instance. Amazon CloudWatch - Amazon CloudWatch is a web service that provides monitoring for AWS cloud resources and applications, starting with Amazon EC2. It provides you with visibility into resource utilization, operational performance, and overall demand patterns including metrics such as CPU utilization, disk reads and writes, and network traffic. You can get statistics, view graphs, and set alarms for your metric data. To use Amazon CloudWatch, simply select the Amazon EC2 instances that youd like to monitor. You can also supply

your own business or application metric data. Amazon CloudWatch will begin aggregating and storing monitoring data that can be accessed using web service APIs or Command Line Tools. Auto Scaling - Auto Scaling allows you to automatically scale your Amazon EC2 capacity up or down according to conditions you define. With Auto Scaling, you can ensure that the number of Amazon EC2 instances youre using scales up seamlessly during demand spikes to maintain performance, and scales down automatically during demand lulls to minimize costs. Auto Scaling is particularly well suited for applications that experience hourly, daily, or weekly variability in usage. Auto Scaling is enabled by Amazon CloudWatch and available at no additional charge beyond Amazon CloudWatch fees. Elastic Load Balancing - Elastic Load Balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple Amazon EC2 instances. It enables you to achieve even greater fault tolerance in your applications, seamlessly providing the amount of load balancing capacity needed in response to incoming application traffic. Elastic Load Balancing detects unhealthy instances within a pool and automatically reroutes traffic to healthy instances until the unhealthy instances have been restored. You can enable Elastic Load Balancing within a single Availability Zone or across multiple zones for even more consistent application performance. Amazon CloudWatch can be used to capture a specific Elastic Load Balancers operational metrics, such as request count and request latency, at no additional cost beyond Elastic Load Balancing fees. AWS Identity and Access Management - Amazon EC2 integrates with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), a service that lets your organization do the following: Create users and groups under your organization's AWS account Easily share your AWS account resources between the users in the account Assign unique security credentials to each user Granularly control users access to services and resources Get a single AWS bill for all users under the AWS account Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) S3 is built on the distributed architecture in Amazon. Your data is redundantly stored in the multiple servers across different data centers of Amazon. You can also specify the geographic locations to store your data. The storage provides huge benefits in terms of reliability and scalability.

Amazon S3 services largely focus on simplicity and robustness. Following are Some of features of the Amazon S3 service: Lets you to write, read, and delete objects up to 5 gigabytes in size. There is no fixed limit on the number of objects you can store. Each object is stored in a bucket and retrieved via a unique, developer-assigned key. Buckets serve several purposes: they organize the Amazon S3 namespace at the highest level, they identify the account responsible for storage and data transfer charges; they play a role in access control and they serve as the unit of aggregation for usage reporting. Provides authentication mechanisms to ensure that data is kept secure from unauthorized access. Uses standards-based REST and SOAP interfaces.