Right of First Refusal

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Right of First Refusal

 A promise on the part of the owner that if he decides to sell the property any time in the future, he would first negotiate its sale to the promissee
 Cannot be deemed a perfected sale under Art. 1458 of the Civil Code nor an option contract under Arts. 1319 and 1479 because it merely pertains to a specific property
without containing an agreement as to the price or the terms of payment in case of the exercise of right of first refusal
 Ang Yu Asuncion vs Ca held that the breach of a right of first refusal constituted over a parcel of land, even when supported by a separate consideration, cannot justify the
issuance by the courts of a writ of execution under judgment recognizing the existence of such right of first refusal, without thereby negating the indispensable consensual
element in the perfection of contracts
 The deed of option or the option clause in a contract, in order to be valid and enforceable, must among other things, indicate the definite price at which the person granting
the option, is willing to sell.
 Equatorial Realty held that there need not be a separate consideration in a right of first refusal since such stipulation is part and parcel of the entire contract of lease to
which it may be attached to; the consideration for the lease includes the consideration for the right of first refusal
 May be provided for in a lease contract; however when such right is not stipulated in the lease contract, it cannot be exercised, and verbal grants of such right cannot be
enforceable since the right of first refusal must be clearly embodied in a written contract
 In order to have full compliance with the contractual right granting a lessee the first option to purchase the property leased, the price for which it was sold to a third party
should have likewise been first offered to the party entitled to the option
Example: exercise of the option was offered at P5M which was refused, but subsequently the property was sold at sale of the property P9M to a third party, it became
necessary for the seller to have gone back to the party with the right of first option at that higher price . Only if the person with such right of first option fails to exercise his
right of first priority could the seller thereafter lawfully sell the subject property to others, and only under the same terms and conditions previously offered to the party with
the right of first option, even when nothing of such requirement is provided in their agreement.
 The prevailing doctrine is that a sale entered into a violation of a right of first refusal of another person found in a valid principal contract is rescissible.
 The basis of right of first refusal must be the current offer of the seller to sell or the offer to purchase of a prospective buyer.
 A right of first refusal granted in the contract of lease in favor of the lessee cannot be availed of by the sublessee because such sublessee is a stranger to the lessor who is
bound to respect the right of first refusal in favor of the lessee; and had the contract
 Right does not apply when there is no intention to sell to a third party

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