This document provides an introduction to the field of geology. It defines geology as the study of the solid Earth, the rocks it is composed of, and its evolutionary history. The main branches of geology are physical geology, which examines Earth's composition and surface processes, and historical geology, which studies Earth and life through time by examining rock layers and fossils. A geologist's work involves observing and collecting data about rocks and geological structures, analyzing samples, developing theories about Earth's history and processes, monitoring hazards, advising on engineering projects, and more. Theories on the evolution of Earth discussed include catastrophism, uniformitarianism, continental drift, seafloor spreading, and more.
This document provides an introduction to the field of geology. It defines geology as the study of the solid Earth, the rocks it is composed of, and its evolutionary history. The main branches of geology are physical geology, which examines Earth's composition and surface processes, and historical geology, which studies Earth and life through time by examining rock layers and fossils. A geologist's work involves observing and collecting data about rocks and geological structures, analyzing samples, developing theories about Earth's history and processes, monitoring hazards, advising on engineering projects, and more. Theories on the evolution of Earth discussed include catastrophism, uniformitarianism, continental drift, seafloor spreading, and more.
This document provides an introduction to the field of geology. It defines geology as the study of the solid Earth, the rocks it is composed of, and its evolutionary history. The main branches of geology are physical geology, which examines Earth's composition and surface processes, and historical geology, which studies Earth and life through time by examining rock layers and fossils. A geologist's work involves observing and collecting data about rocks and geological structures, analyzing samples, developing theories about Earth's history and processes, monitoring hazards, advising on engineering projects, and more. Theories on the evolution of Earth discussed include catastrophism, uniformitarianism, continental drift, seafloor spreading, and more.
This document provides an introduction to the field of geology. It defines geology as the study of the solid Earth, the rocks it is composed of, and its evolutionary history. The main branches of geology are physical geology, which examines Earth's composition and surface processes, and historical geology, which studies Earth and life through time by examining rock layers and fossils. A geologist's work involves observing and collecting data about rocks and geological structures, analyzing samples, developing theories about Earth's history and processes, monitoring hazards, advising on engineering projects, and more. Theories on the evolution of Earth discussed include catastrophism, uniformitarianism, continental drift, seafloor spreading, and more.
Historical geology , , Earth and life through time; deals with the layered rock record and fossils
Paleontology, Stratigraphy, Geochronology
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology Lecture Notes: Introduction
What does a geologist do?
What does What does a geologist do?
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology Lecture Notes: Introduction
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Prof. Trevor Anderson
Dr. Josh Keyes Rusty Ryan Journey to … (2008) The Core (2003) Ocean’s 13 (2007)
Rockhound Armageddon (1998)
Dr. Alan Grant Dr. Adrian Helmsley
Randy Marsh Jurassic Park (1993) 2012 (2009) South Park N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology Lecture Notes: Introduction
What does a geologist do?
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Theories on the evolution of the Earth
THEORIES ON THE EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH: History
(372-287 BC) Theophrastus (Peri lithon, On Stones ) - interpretation of fossils
(1031-1095, China) Shen Kua - land formation: erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.
(1494-1555) Georg Agricola (De re metallica libri XII, 1556) - first systematic treatise about mining and
(1638-1686) Nicolaus Steno - three defining principles of stratigraphy
(1700s) Jean-Etienne Guettard and Nicolas Desmarest - geological maps; first observation of the volcanic origins of parts of France.
(1769-1839) William Smith - ordering rock strata (layers) by examining the fossils contained in them.
James Hutton (Theory of the Earth, 1785 ) - first modern geologist
Plutonism (James Hutton) - rocks were formed by emplacement and solidification of lava from volcanoes e pu ns m ra am erner - roc s a se e ou o a arge ocean w ose eve gra ua y roppe over time
(1811) Georges Cuvier and Alexandre Brongniart - stratigraphic succession of earth layers
Sir Charles Lyell (Principles of Geology, 1830) – Uniformitarianism
(1912) Alfred Wegener and Arthur Holmes – continental drift
(1960’s) Harry Hess – seafloor spreading
N. Ramos | Geology 11 Principles of Geology Lecture Notes: Introduction
Theories on the evolution of the Earth
CATASTROPHISM the Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope
Biblical events such as the Noachian Flood
coined by William Whewell, proposed by Baron Georges Cuvier
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Theories on the evolution of the Earth
UNIFORMITARIANISM assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now, have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe: “The present is the key to the past.”
coined by William Whewell, formulated by James Hutton (Father of Modern
Geology), and popularized by Sir Charles Lyell in Principles of Geology (1830)
