Genchem 1

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
In outer appearance or intensive property which is

independent on the amount of substance, they are
both yellow. They also have the same melting point
which is 115.2C. Extensive Property talks about the
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
mass and volume, sulfur crystals are heavier in
mass, it’s also longer and wider in volume. While FILTRATION
sulfur powder is lighter and condensed. - Filtration is a type of process which separates
solid particles and fluid from a mixture with the
Extensive properties
help of a filter medium that has a complex
- vary with the amount of the substance and
structure through which only the fluid can pass.
include mass, weight, and volume.
SEPARATING FUNNEL
 Volume is the amount of space an object
- A separatory funnel (sep funnel) is used to
takes.
separate immiscible liquids. When two immiscible
 Mass is the quantity of matter from its
liquids are placed in a separatory funnel, two
weight.
layers are seen. The denser solvent will be the
bottom layer. Most halogenated solvents are
Intensive properties
denser than water, most non-halogenated
- in contrast, do not depend on the amount of the
solvents are less dense than water.
substance; they include color, melting point,
boiling point, electrical conductivity, and physical
SUBLIMATION
state at a given temperature.
- Sublimation is the transition of a substance
directly from the solid phase to the gas phase
Does element and compound the same?
without passing through the intermediate liquid.
No. Sublimation is an endothermic phase transition
that occurs at temperatures and pressures below
Element: the triple point of a chemical in the phase diagram.
a substance that is made up of only one type of MATTER

atom. - matter is a substance made up of various types
of particles that occupies physical space and has
Elements cannot be broken down into smaller inertia.
substance.
Compound:
HOW DO WE USE PROPERTIES OF MATTER TO
a substance that is made up of more than one type IDENTIFY SUBSTANCES AND TO SEPARATE THEM?
of atom bonded together.
MELTING POINT
Mixture - Melting point, temperature at which the solid and
- is a compound made up of two or more chemical liquid forms of a pure substance can exist in
components that are not chemically linked. A equilibrium. As heat is applied to a solid, its
mixture is a physical blend of two or more temperature will increase until the melting point is
substances that preserve their identities and are reached.
blended in the form of solutions, suspensions, or
colloids.
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
BOILING POINT Pure Substance
- The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at - which is made up of only one kind of atom and
which the vapour pressure of the liquid becomes cannot be broken into two or more simpler
equal to the atmospheric pressure of the liquid's substances by physical or chemical means is
environment. referred to as an element.
HOW TO USE PROPERTIES OF MATTER TO IDENTIFY Heterogeneous mixtures

SUBSTANCES? - have visually distinguishable components.
Homogeneous Mixtures
 Intensive Properties - appear uniform throughout.
 Extensive Properties
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
Scientists commonly measure intensive properties - also referred to as final goods, are products
to determine a substance’s identity, whereas that are bought by individuals or households for
extensive properties convey information about the personal use. In other words, consumer
amount of the substance in a sample. products are goods that are bought for
consumption by the average consumer.
FORMULAS OF COMMON CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
What is substances?
A chemical substance is a form of matter having

constant chemical composition and characteristic
properties.
Distillation, or classical distillation, is the
process of separating the components or
substances from a liquid mixture by using
selective boiling and condensation. Dry
distillation is the heating of solid materials to
produce gaseous products (which may condense
into liquids or solids).
Chromatography is a process for separating

components of a mixture. To get the process
started, the mixture is dissolved in a substance
called the mobile phase, which carries it through
a second substance called the stationary phase.
How is chromatography used in food industry?
It allows food companies to identify the

components in the food. Companies analyze their
products for nutrients such as proteins, vitamins,
preservatives, and more. By using
chromatography, they can test their products for
nutritional quality.
3 PHASES OF MATTER

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

In outer appearance or intensive property which is

a substance that is made up of only one type of MATTER

HOW TO USE PROPERTIES OF MATTER TO IDENTIFY Heterogeneous mixtures

A chemical substance is a form of matter having

Chromatography is a process for separating

How is chromatography used in food industry?

It allows food companies to identify the

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