LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton 

(French: [mɔɛt‿ɛnɛsi lwi vɥitɔ̃]),[1] commonly known

as LVMH, is a French[3] multinational holding and conglomerate specializing in luxury goods,
headquartered in Paris.[4] The company was formed in 1987 through the merger of fashion
house Louis Vuitton (founded in 1854) with Moët Hennessy, which was established following the
1971 merger between the champagne producer Moët & Chandon (founded in 1743) and
the cognac producer Hennessy (founded in 1765).[5][6][7] In 2023, with a valuation of $500 billion,
LVMH became the most valuable company in Europe.
LVMH controls around 60 subsidiaries that manage 75 prestigious brands. These include Tiffany
& Co., Christian Dior, Fendi, Givenchy, Marc Jacobs, Stella McCartney, Loewe, Loro
Piana, Kenzo, Celine, Sephora, Princess Yachts, TAG Heuer, and Bulgari. The subsidiaries are
often managed independently, under the umbrellas of six branches: Fashion Group, Wines and
Spirits, Perfumes and Cosmetics, Watches and Jewelry, Selective Distribution, and Other
Activities. LVMH owns Les Echos-Le Parisien Group, its media subsidiary. The wine
estate Château d'Yquem, whose origins date back to 1593, is under LVMH ownership.[8] Bernard
Arnault is the chairman and CEO of LVMH.

History[edit]
In the 1980s, French investor Bernard Arnault had the idea to create a group of luxury brands.
[9]
 He worked with Alain Chevalier, CEO of Moët Hennessy, and Henry Racamier, president
of Louis Vuitton, to form LVMH.[10] Their successful integration of various famous aspirational
brands into a single group inspired other luxury companies to do the same. Thus, the French
conglomerate Kering and the Swiss-based Richemont have also created extended portfolios of
luxury brands.[citation needed] LVMH is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.[11]
Make Up For Ever was established in 1984,[12] and was acquired by LVMH in 1999.[13]
On 7 March 2011, LVMH announced the acquisition of the 50.4% family-owned shares of the
Italian jeweller Bulgari and the intention to make a tender offer for the rest, which was publicly
owned.[14] The transaction was about $5.2 billion.[15]
By 2012, LVMH established LCapitalAsia, a continuation of its private-equity arm, focused on
Asia.[16] In 2012, the growth of LVMH's sales "decreased by about 10 percent from the growth rate
in 2011", and in early 2013 LVMH expressed that it would "stop opening stores in second and
third-tier cities in mainland China".[16] Xue Shengwen, a senior researcher at ChinaVenture, said
the developing trend of young people is to take advantage of more acceptable prices.[16]
On 7 March 2013, National Business Daily reported that mid-priced clothing brand QDA would
open its first store in Beijing as a co-investment of LVMH's private equity LCapitalAsia and the
Chinese apparel company Xin Hee Co., Ltd.[16]
In February 2014, LVMH entered into a joint venture with the Italian fashion brand Marco De
Vincenzo, taking a minority 45% stake in the firm.[17][18]
In April 2017, LVMH announced it would gain ownership of Christian Dior haute couture, leather,
men's and women's ready-to-wear, and footwear lines to integrate the entire Christian Dior brand
within its luxury group.[19]
In January 2018, LVMH announced record sales of 42.6 billion euros in 2017, up 13% over the
previous year, as all divisions turned in strong performances. In the same year, the net profit
increased by 29%.[20] On 1 November 2018, co-founder Alain Chevalier died at age 87.[21]
 The LVMH Tower in Midtown Manhattan, with its
bluish, gem-shaped, angulated glass facade
On 12 May 2019, the fashion house Fenty, styled as FEИTY, created by singer Rihanna, was
launched by LVMH in Paris. It is the first new fashion house by LVMH in 32 years, and she is the
first woman of colour to head a brand under LVMH.[22][23] On 15 July 2019, LVMH announced a
new partnership to further develop the Stella McCartney House.[24] On 29 November 2019, LVMH
announced its 55% stake in Château d'Esclans, the producer best known for the brand
Whispering Angel.[25] The acquisition was part of LVMH's move to offer a beloved high-end rosé
portfolio, in addition to reaching customers worldwide.[26][27] In November 2019, LVMH expressed
plans to acquire Tiffany & Co. for approximately US $16.2 billion. The deal was expected to close
by June 2020.[28] LVMH issued a statement in September 2020 indicating that the takeover would
not proceed and that the deal was "invalid" because Tiffany handled the business during the
COVID-19 pandemic.[29] Subsequently, Tiffany filed suit against LVMH, asking the court to compel
the purchase or to assess damages against the defendant; LVMH planned to counter sue,
alleging that mismanagement had invalidated the purchase agreement.[30]
In mid-September 2020, a reliable source told Forbes that the reason for Arnault's decision to
cancel the Tiffany purchase was purely financial: because Tiffany was paying millions in
dividends to shareholders despite a financial loss of US$32 million during the pandemic. Some
US$70 million had already been paid out by Tiffany, with an additional US$70 million scheduled
to be paid in November 2020.[31] LVMH filed a counterclaim against the court action commenced
by Tiffany; a statement issued by LMVH blamed Tiffany's mismanagement during the pandemic
and claimed that it was 'burning cash and reporting losses'".[32] In late October 2020, Tiffany and
LVMH agreed to the original takeover plan, though at a slightly reduced price of nearly
$16 billion, a minor reduction of 2.6% from the aforementioned deal. The new deal reduced the
amount paid per share by LVMH from the original price of $135 to $131.50.[33] As of late 2020,
LVMH has the largest market capitalization of any company in France,[34] and also in
the Eurozone with a record of 261 billion euros ($317.6 billion).[35] As of December 2020, Arnault's
own fortune was nearly half that, with a personal net worth of $151.7 billion.[36]
LVMH completed the purchase of Tiffany in January 2021.[37] In 2021, with a valuation of
$329 billion, LVMH became the most valuable company in Europe.[38]
In January 2022, LVMH acquired a minority stake in the New York-based label Aimé Leon
Dore for an undisclosed sum. The investment was made through the conglomerate's LVMH
Luxury Ventures arm.[39] In March 2022, LVMH announced the closure of its 120+ stores in
Russia, "given the current circumstances in the region",[40] due to the Russo-Ukrainian War. An
LVMH spokesperson stated the company would continue to pay salary and benefits to its 3,500
employees in Russia.[40] In November 2022, it was announced LVMH had acquired the Piedmont-
based jewellery maker Pedemonte Group.[41]
On 24 April 2023, LVMH became the first European company to reach a $500 billion valuation.[42]
Corporate structure[edit]
LVMH is headquartered in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France.[5]
The company is listed on the Euronext Paris exchange[43] and is a constituent of the CAC
40 index.
As of 2009, the group employed more than 83,000 people,[44] 30 percent of LVMH's staff worked
in France, and LVMH operated over 2,400 stores worldwide.[45]
As of 2010, the group had revenues of €20.3 billion with a net income of just over €3 billion.[44] In
2013, with a revenue of $21.7 billion, LVMH was ranked first luxury goods company in Deloitte's
"Global Powers of Luxury Goods" report.[46] By 29 February 2016, the company had a share value
of 78,126 million euros, distributed in 506,980,299 shares.

Shareholders[edit]
As of 2009, LVMH held 66% of the drinks division, Moët Hennessy, with the remaining 34% held
by Diageo.[47]
As of 2013, Christian Dior SE was the leading holding company of LVMH, owning 40.9% of its
shares and 59.01% of its voting rights.[48] Bernard Arnault is Chairman and CEO of LVMH and
Chairman of Christian Dior SE. In 2017, Arnault purchased all the remaining Christian Dior
shares in a reported $13.1 billion buyout.[49]
At the end of 2017, the only declared major shareholder in LVMH was the Arnault Family Group,
the holding company of Bernard Arnault. The group's control amounted to 46.84% of LVMH's
stock and 63.13% of its voting rights.[50]

Senior leadership[edit]
Bernard Arnault has served as LVMH's chairman and CEO since January 1989.[51] Alain
Chevalier was chairman from 1987 until Arnault took over the role.[52]

Media group[edit]
In 2007, Arnault bought France's leading financial newspaper, Les Echos, from the British
company Pearson for 240 million euros (US$262 million) after a negotiating period of four
months.[53]
In 2015, LVMH bought the newspapers Le Parisien and Aujourd’hui en France from the Amaury
Group. Marie-Odile Amaury, the group's owner, initially hoped for 200 million euros ($218 million)
which were later revised to 150 million ($163 million) during a previous sale attempt, but a bid of
50 million euros ($54.5 million) was made.[54] The financial transaction was completed at the end
of October 2015.[55]
In 2018, the Lagardère Group sold the stock market information website Boursier.com to Les
Echos-Le Parisien Group.[56] In March 2018, Pierre Louette, former CEO of Agence France-
Presse from 2005 to 2010, was named CEO of Les Echos-Le Parisien Group, succeeding
Francis Morel, who had held this position for seven years.[57]
In 2022, Les Echos-Le Parisien Group acquired 75% of the share capital of the French polling
and research institute OpinionWay, which has 140 employees.[58]
Les Echos-Le Parisien Group also acquired Radio Classique, Connaissance des Arts,
[58]
 and Investir and bought 50% of Medici.tv as well as Mezzo TV and EuroArts.[59][60] Les Echos-Le
Parisien Group is also present in business services represented by its subsidiaries, such as
Netexplo, Les Echos Etudes, and Les Echos Publishing, as well as communication services for
companies such as Les Echos-Le Parisien Partenaires and Pelham Media.[59] ChangeNow,
Investir Day, and VivaTech (co-founded with Publicis) are subsidiaries whose objective is to
offer trade shows and corporate events.[59]
Subsidiaries[edit]
A partial list, including some of LVMH's best-known brands and subsidiaries:[45][61]
Wines and spirits Fashion and leather Perfumes and cosmetics Watches and Selective retailing
goods jewelry
 Ao Yun  Acqua di Parma  DFS
 Ardbeg  Berluti  Benefit  Bulgar  La
 Belvedere  Celine Cosmetics i Grand
 Bodega Numanthia  Christian  BITE Beauty  Chaum Epice
 Chandon Dior  Cha Ling et  La
 Château  Emilio  Fenty  Daniel Sama
d'Esclans (Whisper Pucci Beauty by Rihan Roth ne
ing Angel)  Fendi na  Fred  Le Bo
 Château Cheval  Givench  Fresh Beauty  Gerald March
Blanc y  Parfums Genta  Starbo
 Château d'Yquem  JW Givenchy  Hublot Cruis
Anderso  Guerlain  Reposs Servic
 Château Minuty [62]

n  Kenzo Parfums i  24S

 Cheval des Andes
 Clos des Lambrays  Kenzo  KVD Vegan  TAG
 Loewe Beauty Heuer
 Cloudy Bay
 Loro  Maison Francis  Tiffan
 Colgin Cellars
Piana Kurkdjian y&
 Dom Pérignon Co.
 Louis  Make Up For
 Glenmorangie  Zenith
Vuitton Ever
 Hennessy
 Marc  Marc Jacobs
 Krug Jacobs Beauty
 Mercier  Moynat  Officine
 Moët & Chandon  Off- Universelle
 Newton Vineyard White Buly
 Ruinart  Patou  Ole Henriksen
 Terrazas de los  Phoebe  Parfums
Andes Philo Christian Dior
 Veuve Clicquot  Rimowa  Perfumes
 Volcan de mi  Stella Loewe
Tierra McCartn  Sephora
 Woodinville ey

Journées Particulières[edit]
Launched in 2011, Journées Particulières (Particular Days) is a biennial event which allows
visitors to enter the various ateliers, studios, caves, and mansions owned by LVMH, for free.
For the first edition we were not at all certain that the public would come. I speak about that with
some emotion. I remember coming along avenue Montaigne at 8AM that first morning and
seeing hundreds of people, families, elderly ladies and little kids waiting for the doors of avenue
Montaigne 30 to open and I thought we are going to write a beautiful page in history.

— Antoine Arnault, referring to Christian Dior's headquarters [63]

It is staged every two years and has opened doors in France, Italy, Switzerland, the UK, the
Netherlands, Spain and Germany, with 56 brands welcoming guests into over 70 sites on four
continents. The 2017 issue attracted 145,000 visitors.[63]
Philanthropy[edit]
Visual arts[edit]
LVMH is a major patron of art in France. The group supported about ten exhibitions as "Le grand
monde d’Andy Warhol"[64] and "Picasso et les maîtres"[65] at le Grand Palais in Paris. LVMH also
endorsed the patronage of "l'atelier d'Alberto Giacometti" and "Yves Klein" at Centre Georges
Pompidou.
Since 2005, when the LVMH flagship store opened in Paris at 3, avenue George V, 75008, the
company presented close collaborations with contemporary artists.[66] Features included a light
sculpture by American James Turrell, a 20-metre (65 feet) long "travelling staircase" showcasing
the work of American video artist Tim White-Sobieski and an elevator linking the store to the top
floor by Iceland's Olafur Eliasson.[67]
In 2006, a gallery space was inaugurated on the second floor of the same building and named
"Espace Culturel".[68] "Icônes" was one of the first exhibitions.[69] Shigeru Ban, Sylvie Fleury, Zaha
Hadid, Bruno Peinado, Andrée Putman, Ugo Rondinone, James Turrell, Tim White-
Sobieski and Robert Wilson were the nine artists invited by Louis Vuitton to participate in it.[63]
In addition, LVMH foundation created the "young creators LVMH award", an international
competition opened to French and international beaux-arts students.[70] Each year, six grants are
allocated to the winners.
In 2014, LVMH opened the Fondation Louis Vuitton pour la Creation in a new building designed
by Frank Gehry in the Bois de Boulogne in Paris. The Fondation is designed as the Group's own
museum to present its collections and organize major world-class art exhibitions.

Fashion[edit]
In November 2013, LVMH created the LVMH Young Fashion Designer Prize, which comes with a
€300,000 grant with a year of mentoring; it was the brainchild of Delphine Arnault.[71] In February
2014 20 finalists for the inaugural prize were shown in London, including Simone Rocha, Thomas
Tait, Meadham Kirchhoff, Marques'Almeida, J JS Lee, and others,[72] and Thomas Tait was the
winner.[73] Marques'Almeida won the 2015 prize.[73] In 2019, South African designer Thebe
Magugu became the first African to win the prize,[74] and was commended by the President of
South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa.[75]
LVMH underwrites other fashion competitions, including the Andam prize in France, the
International Festival of Fashion and Photography in Hyères, France, an investment fund for
young designers created by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication, and a
scholarship program and sponsored lecture theater at Central Saint Martins in London.[71]

Music[edit]
The group also lends Stradivarius violins to young talented musicians. Maxim
Vengerov and Laurent Korcia have used the instruments.

Humanitarian aid[edit]
On 26 August 2019, Bernard Arnault declared that LVMH would donate $11 million to help fight
the 2019 Brazil wildfires.[76]
During the COVID-19 crisis, the group shifted its production of perfume and spirits towards hand
sanitizer. This production of 12 tons has been offered to hospitals in Paris, France.[77]
In 2022, Louis Vuitton announced a €1 million donation to UNICEF to help the Ukrainian victims
of the Russian invasion.[78] On 2 March 2022, LVMH Group pledged €5 million to the Red
Cross to those affected by the war.[79][80] In addition, the company closed 124 of its stores in
Russia.[81]

2024 Olympic Games[edit]

LVMH is sponsoring the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games as a premium partner.
[82]
 The group will also sponsor athletes, including French swimmer Leon Marchand, and its
beauty retailer Sephora will sponsor the Olympic torch relay.[83]

E-commerce[edit]
On 24 May 2018, LVMH launched an e-commerce initiative by investing in online fashion search
business Lyst, as a way for LVMH's luxury brands to expand their presence online and capture
younger shoppers.[84] LVMH contributed to Lyst's $60 million funding round, which also included
access to LVMH's international expertise, designed to drive Lyst's global expansion.[85]

Financial data[edit]
Financ
ial
data 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017
2011 2012 2013
(in [86] [86] [86] [86] [44] [87] [88] [89] [90]

million
euros)

15,3 16,4 17,1 17,0 20,3 23,6 28,1 29,0 30,6 35,6 37,6 42,6
Sales
06 81 93 53 20 59 03 16 38 64 00 36

Net
profit
(before
2,16 2,33 2,31 1,97 3,03 3,06 3,90 3,94 6,10 4,00 4,36 5,61
minorit
0 1 8 3 2 5 9 7 5 1 3 6
y
interes
ts)

Total 11,5 12,5 13,8 14,7 18,2 23,5 25,6 27,9 23,0 25,7 27,9 30,2
equity 94 28 87 85 04 12 66 07 03 99 03 60

Controversy[edit]
John Galliano's anti-semitism[edit]
Further information: John Galliano §  Anti-semitic outbursts
On 25 February 2011, Christian Dior announced they had suspended designer John Galliano
following his arrest over an alleged anti-semitic tirade in a Paris bar.[91] In France, it is against the
law to make anti-semitic remarks of this nature, and it can be punished by up to six months in
prison.[92] On 1 March 2011, Christian Dior officially announced that it had fired Galliano amidst
the controversy.[93]

Sebastian Suhl[edit]
Further information: Sebastian Suhl §  Givenchy
In 2012 former Prada COO Sebastian Suhl was hired by Givenchy as the company's new CEO.
[94]
 The Asian Transnational Corporation Monitoring Network (ATNC), a network made of 15
organizations from 12 Asian countries wrote a letter of concern to LVMH Group's Bernard Arnault
as Suhl was at the same time a key person in the Prada Female Discrimination Case where he
was described as complicit in sexual harassment and discrimination practices.[95][96]

Corruption[edit]
During December 2021, LVMH paid €10 million to settle claims in Paris to end several criminal
investigations that a former French intelligence chief, Bernard Squarcini, spied for the company,
on competitors and others, including on an activist making a film about its billionaire owner,
Bernard Arnault. Prosecutors allege that the intelligence chief used tactics like influence
peddling, invasion of privacy, and leveraging his network in intelligence and police on behalf of
the company.[97]

See also[edit]
 Estée Lauder Companies
 Richemont
 Kering
 Luxottica
Portals:

  Companies

  Fashion

  France

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