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Pumps - Part C - 2021

This document discusses fluid machinery including fans, blowers, and turbines. It describes how fans and blowers can be classified based on the direction of airflow as either centrifugal or axial. Centrifugal fans have higher pressure capability while axial fans can move higher air volumes. Various types of centrifugal and axial fans are also described. The document also discusses hydraulic turbines, classifying them as either impulse or reaction turbines depending on whether the fluid pressure changes within the rotor. Specific impulse and reaction turbines like the Pelton wheel, Francis turbine, and Kaplan turbine are outlined. Flow rate and head are factors in selecting the appropriate turbine type.

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Mathi
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25 views12 pages

Pumps - Part C - 2021

This document discusses fluid machinery including fans, blowers, and turbines. It describes how fans and blowers can be classified based on the direction of airflow as either centrifugal or axial. Centrifugal fans have higher pressure capability while axial fans can move higher air volumes. Various types of centrifugal and axial fans are also described. The document also discusses hydraulic turbines, classifying them as either impulse or reaction turbines depending on whether the fluid pressure changes within the rotor. Specific impulse and reaction turbines like the Pelton wheel, Francis turbine, and Kaplan turbine are outlined. Flow rate and head are factors in selecting the appropriate turbine type.

Uploaded by

Mathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME3022

Section 5C – Fluid Machinery : Fans and Blowers and Turbines

Dr. Chathura Ranasinghe


Thermofluids and Energy Group
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Moratuwa
FLUID MACHINERY

Contents
• Part A: Classification of fluid machinery
• Part B: Centrifugal pumps
• Part C: Fans and Hydraulic turbines

ME 3022 2
FLUID MACHINERY

Fans and Blowers


• A fan may transport air and/or toxic fumes
• blowers may transport a mixture of particulate and air
Classification
• Based on to the direction of flow through the rotor

Centrifugal Axial flow

ME 3022 3
FLUID MACHINERY

Fans and Blowers


Classification
• Axial fans : high volume capability for large duct size ventilation
applications

• Centrifugal fans have high pressure capability for applications


such as boilers and bag-houses

ME 3022 4
FLUID MACHINERY

Fans and Blowers


Classification
• Centrifugal fans can be classification based on the rotor blade
shape/design as:
Aerofoil, Forward-Inclined, Backward-Curved and Radial

• Axial flow fans can be classification based on the rotor design as:
Propeller, Tube-Axial and Vane-Axial

ME 3022 5
FLUID MACHINERY

Fans and Blowers


Classification
Type Peak Efficiency
Centrifugal Range (%)
Centrifugal

Airfoil, 79–83
Backward-Inclined
Axial Radial 69–75
Forward-Curved 60–65
Axial

Vane-Axial 78–85
Tube-Axial 67–72
Propeller 45–50

ME 3022 6
FLUID MACHINERY

Fans and Blowers


Performance characteristics

ME 3022 7
FLUID MACHINERY

Hydraulic Turbines
Classification
• Based on flow direction:
Axial, radial and Mixed flow

• Bases on the pressure drop


Impulse and reaction

ME 3022 8
FLUID MACHINERY

Hydraulic Turbines
Impulse turbines
• Pressure of the liquid does not change while flowing through the
rotor of the machine.
• Pressure change occur only during the flow through the nozzle.

Pelton Wheel
ME 3022 9
FLUID MACHINERY

Hydraulic Turbines
Impulse turbines
• Kinetic energy, available in the jet is converted in to mechanical
energy

Turgo Wheel
Cross flow
ME 3022 10
6. FLUID MACHINERY

Hydraulic Turbines
Reaction turbine
• Pressure of the liquid changes while it flows through the rotor of
the machine
• The change in fluid velocity and reduction in its pressure causes a
reaction on the turbine blades; Hence the name Reaction Turbine
derived

Francis turbine Kaplan turbine

ME 3022 11
FLUID MACHINERY

Hydraulic Turbines
Selection

ME 3022 12

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