COMPUTER SCIENCE

186 WITH PYTHON X

print()function then the print) will
Ifyouexplicitly give anend argument witha argument, c.g., the code print the line
and end it with the string specified with the end
end = $')
print("Myname isAmit. ",
print("Iam 16 years old. ")

will print output as This time the print(0ended the line with
given end character. which is'S here
old.
My name is Amit. $I am 16 years
NOTE
So theend argumentdetermines the
end character that will be
printed at the endof print line. In print() function, the default
value of end
Code fragment 1
newline argument is
character (\n') and of
a, b= 20, 30 sep argument, it is space ()
Notice first print
statement has end
print ("a =", a, end = )
set as a space
print ("b =", b)

Now the output produced will be like:

a = 20 b= 30 This spaceis becaUse of end=''in print( )

Check
Point
The reason for above output is quite clear. Since there is
end character given as a space (1.e., end = ) in first print
74 statement, the newline (\n') character is not appended at
1. What is a variable ?
the end of output generated by first print statement.
Thus the output-position-cursor stays on the same line.
2. Why is a variable called symbolic
variable ? Hence the output of second print statement appears in the
3. Create variables for the following
same line. Now can you predict the output of following
() to hold a train number code fragment ?
(ii) to hold the name of a subject Name ='Enthusiast'
(iii) to hold balance amount in a bank print ("Hello", end = )
accournt
print (Name)
(iv) to hold a phone number print ("How do you find Python ")
4. What do you mean by dynamic typing
of avariable ? What is the caution you Well, youguessed it right. O It is:
must take care of ?
Hello Enthusiast
5. What happens when you try to access
the value of an undefined variable ? How do youfind Python ?
6. What is wrOng with the following
statement ?
In Python you can break any statement by putting a \ i5
the end and pressing Enter key, then completing he
Number = input ("Number") statement in next line. For example, following statement is
Sqr = Number*Number
perfectly right.
7. Write Python code to obtain the
balance amount. print ("Hello", \ The backslaslh at theend means
that the statement is still
8. Write code to obtain fee amount and end= ) continuing in next line
then calculate fee hike as 10% of fees
(i.e., fees x 0.10). Nowconsider following sample programs.
 Chopter7: PYTHON FUNDAMENTALS

187
7.1 Write a program to input a welcome message and print it.

Irogram message = input (""Enter

welcome message : ")
print("Hello,, message)
Sample Run
Fnter elcome message : Python we lComes you to its
uello. Python welcomes you to its beautiful world
beautiful world.

7.2 Proaram to obtain three numbers and print their sum.

# to input 3 numbers and print their sum
rogram num1 = int( input("Enter number 1: "))
num2 = int( input("Enter number 2: "))
num3 = int( input("Enter number 3: "))
Sum = num1 + num2 + num3 Enter number 1:7
print(""Three numbers are :", num1, num2, num3) Enter number 2 : 3

print("Sumis : ", Sum) Enter number 3: 13

Three numbers are : 73 13
The output produced by aboveprogram is as Sum is : 23
shown on right.

7.3 Program to obtain length and breadth of a rectangle and calculate its area.
am
grar # to input length and breadth of a rectangle and calculate its area
length = float( input("Enter length of the rectangle: "))
breadth = float( input ("Enter breadth of the rectangle:"))
area = length * breadth

print ("Rectangle specifications ")

print ("Length =", length, end = ') Enter length of the rectangle : 8.75
print ("breadth = ", breadth) Enter breadth of the rectangle : 35.0
print ("Area =", area) Rectangle specifications
Length = 8.75 Breadth = 35.0
The output produced by above program is as Area = 306.25
shown here.

7.4 Program to calculate BMI (Body Mass Index) of aperson.

Body Mass Index is asimple calculation using a person's height and weight.
The formula is BMI = kg/m where kg is a person's weight in kilograms and m´ is their height in
rogram
metres squared.
# to calculate BMI = kg /m square
weight_in kg = float (input ("Enter weight in kg : "))
meters : "))
height_ in meter = float (input ("Enter height in
 (OMPUTER SCIENCE WTH PIHCi
188
height_in meter)
(height in meter
bmi =weight in kg /
print ("BMI is : ", bmi)
is as shown below:
The outpul produced by above program
Enter weight in ka : 66
Enter height in meters : 1.6
BMI is: 25.781249999999996

and print its cube.

7.5 Writea program to input a number
:"))
rogram num = int(input ("Enter a number
cube =num num * num Enter a number : 7
print("Number is", num) Number is 7
print ("Its cube is", cube) Its cube is 343

here.
Theoutput produced by above program is as shown
miloc)
7.6 Write a program to input a value in kilometres and convert it into miles (1 km = 0.621371

rogram km = int( input ("Enter kilometres: ")) Sample Run :

miles = km *.621371 Enter kilometres: 20
print("Kilometres :", km) Kilometres : 20
print ("Miles :", miles) Miles : 12.42742

7.7 Write a program to input a value in tonnes and convert into quintals and kilograms.
(1 tonne 10 quintals 1tonne =1000kgs, 1quintal = 100kgs)
rogram

tonnes =float( input("Enter tonnes :"))

quintals= tonnes * 10
Sample Run :
kgs = quintals * 100
print("Tonnes:", tonnes) Enter tonnes:2.5
print ("Quintals :", quintals) Tonnes: 2.5

print( "Kilograms:", kgs) Quintals: 25.0

Kilograms : 2500.0
7.8 Write aprogram to enter a small poem or poem verse and
print it.
poem = input ("Enter a small poem: ")
Irogram
print ("The poem youentered")
print (poem)
Sample Run :
Enter a small poem :
sings the tune without"Hope"
is the thing with
the words- And never feathers- That perches in the soul- Ald
The poem you entered stops at al| -EMILY
DICKINSON
"Hope" is the
thing wi th feathers- That
out the words- And perches in the soul- And sings the
never stops at all -EMILY tune
DICKINSON
 Chapter 7
PYTHON FUNDAMENTALS

189
7.9 Write a program to input two
numbers and swap them.
n1 = int( input ("Enter
rogram number 1 :"))
n2 = int( input ("Enter
number :"))2 Sample Run:
print ("Original numbers :", n1, n2)
n1, n2 = n2, n1 Enter number 1: 17
Enter number 2: 28
print("After swapping :", n1, n2) Original numbers : 17 28
After Swapping : 28 17
r 10 Writea program to input three numbers and
swap them as this : 1st
nd number becomes the 3rd
number and the 3rd number becomesnumber becomes the 2nd number,
the first number.
rogram
X= int (input("Enter number 1:"))
y =int( input("Enter number 2 :") ) Sample Run :
z = int( input("Enter number 3 :")) Enter number 1:6
print("Original numbers:", x, y, z) Enter number 2: 11
X, y, z = y, Z, x Enter number 3: 9

print("After swapping :", x, y, z) Original numbers : 6 11 09

After Swapping: 11 9 6

VARIABLES, SIMPLE I/0

Progress In Python 7.3
Start a Python IDE of your choice

Please check the practical component-book - Progress in Computer

Science with Python and fill it there in PriP 7.3 under Chapter 7 after
practically doing it on the computer.
>>><K<

LET US REVISE
APython program cancontain various components like expressions, statements, comments, functions, blocks and indentation.
* Anexpression is a legal combination of symbols that representS a value.
Astatement is aprograming instruction.
* Comments are non-executable, additional information added in program for readability.
* In Python, comments begin with a # character.
* Comments can be single-line comment. multi-line comments and inline commnents.
* Function is anamed code that can be reused with a program.
A block/suitelcode-block is aaroun of statements that are part of another statemen.
*Blocks are represented through indentation.
Avariable in Python is defined only when some value is assigned to t.
hold values of different types at different times.
. osupporIS dynamic tvping ie.. a varigble can
always returns a string type of value.
pu s used to obtain input from user : it
Ouput is generated throuah printí )(by callingprint function) statenen.