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Biology Higher Paper AQA Style (BL2H):

Time 60 minutes
Marks Available 60
For this paper you must have a
ruler.
You may use a calculator

You
Instructions
-point pen.
page.

outside the box around each page or on blank pages.

to be marked.
Information
e marks for questions are shown in brackets.

your answers.
2c should be answered in continuous prose.
In this question you will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
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1 In sexual reproduction, an egg fuses with a sperm cell.

1 (a) (i) How many chromosomes do human egg and sperm cells each have? _______
1 (a) (ii) How many chromosomes will the resultant 1 cell embryo have? _______
1 (a) (iii) In which organ are the eggs produced? __________________________________
1 (a) (iv) What is the name of the type of cell division by which the embryo will grow?
_____________________________________________________________________________
(4 marks)
1 (b) Eggs and sperm cells both contain the structures listed in the box.

nucleus gene chromosome

List the three structures from the box in size order. Begin with the smallest.

1 _____________________________ (smallest)
2 _____________________________
3 _____________________________
4 ____sex cell___________________ (largest)
(2 marks)
1 (c) Embryonic stem cells have the ability to divide to form any kind of body cell. How
many chromosomes do embryonic stem cells contain? ________________
(1 mark)
Total for question

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2. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the human digestive system.

Figure 1

B
C

2 (a) Draw one line from each part of the human body to the letter representing the correct
label for the diagram.

A pancreas

B gall bladder

C liver

(2 marks)

2 (b) (i) Which part shown on the diagram is where soluble food molecules are absorbed?
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
2 (b) (ii) Which part shown on the diagram produces bile?
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
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2 (b) (iii) Which part shown on the diagram is responsible for producing some of the enzymes
that help break down food molecules?
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
2 (c) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising
information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Enzymes are also used both in products found in the home such as biological
washing powders and also in industrial processes in making some foods.

Describe how enzymes work in biological washing powders and in these industrial
processes and what are the benefits and drawbacks in using enzymes in this way?

You are not required to include detail of the “lock and key” hypothesis in your
answer but should include information about the types of enzymes used and
the products that are made using them.
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(6 marks)
Total for question

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3 Figure 1 shows part of a family tree where some of the individuals carry and inherit cystic
fibrosis (CF).
Figure 1

3 (a) Larry and Linda are both carriers of CF. What is meant by the term “carrier”?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
3 (b) (i) CF is caused by a recessive allele. What can we conclude about the alleles that Eric
has inherited? ________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
3 (b) (ii) If Eric were to have children with a woman who did not carry the CF allele what is the
probability that their children would be sufferers? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
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3 (c) What is the probability that any further children that Larry and Linda have are normal?
Construct a genetic diagram to show how you arrived at your answer if you wish.
Show the Normal (dominant) allele as N and the (recessive) allele for CF as n.

The probability of Larry and Linda having a Normal child is: _________________________
(4 marks)

3 (d) (i) Doctors tell Larry and Linda that it is possible that they can undergo a process during
IVF that determines whether any future embryos will inherit the CF allele. What do
we call this process?
____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
3 (d) (ii) What does IVF stand for?
____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
3 (d) (iii) During IVF the fertilised egg divides to form an embryo by cell division.
Name this type o cell division.
____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

Total for question

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4 Scientists investigated how exercise affects blood flow to different organs in the body.

The scientists made measurements of blood flow to different organs of:

The table shows the scientists’ results.

Organ Blood flow in cm3/minute whilst:

4 (a) The scientists decided that it was better to carry out the experiments inside a laboratory
on an exercise bicycle rather than outside on the road.

Suggest two reasons why. Do not include safety as either of your answers.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
4 (b) Calculate the change in cm3/minute in blood flow to the muscles during exercise?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Answer __________ cm3/min
(2 marks)

4 (c) Give two changes to the action of the heart that the scientists might observe in the
subject during exercise.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
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4 (d) The scientists conclude that there is an increase in aerobic respiration in the subject’s
muscles during the period of exercise.
Give the word equation that summarises aerobic respiration in the space below:

(2 marks)

4 (e) (i) The scientists noticed that the subject continued to have an increased blood supply to
her muscles for some time after exercise was ceased. They concluded that this was to
remove waste materials produced during exercise.
Name two waste materials that would be removed from the muscles during and after
exercise.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
4 (e) (ii) The subject also continued to breath more rapidly for some time after the exercise was
completed. Explain why.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
Total for question

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5 Figure 1 shows a section through part of the small intestine which is then magnified to
show the structure of the wall of the intestine and a villus.
Figure 1

5 (a) (i)The (epithelial) cells that line the small intestine have on their surface microvilli as
shown in the diagram. What is their purpose?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
5 (a) (ii)
The epithelial cells also contain lots of the cell structures labelled A in the diagram.
What is the name given to structure A?
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

5 (b) (i) How does the oxygen required for respiration get to the epithelial cells?
Use information from the diagram to explain how.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(3 marks)
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5 (b) (ii)
The wall of the small intestine is well suited to diffusion.
Use information from the diagram and your own knowledge to help you explain how
and why the structures shown help diffusion happen quickly across the wall of the
small intestine.
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(6 marks)
Total for question

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6 Figure 1 shows the hydroponic system a grower is using for tomatoes in his commercial
greenhouse.
Figure 1

 This system allows the plants to grow without the use of soil.
 The nutrient pump sends water and ions to the plant roots.
 The solution slowly bathes the roots and returns to the reservoir.
 The concentration of ions in the solution and its pH are controlled.

6 (a) (i) Give one advantage to the grower of using this system rather than growing the plants
in soil.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
6 (a) (ii) The air pump and air stone introduce bubbles of air into the solution of ions. Oxygen
from the air dissolves in the solution.
Explain why the plants need the oxygen.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
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6 (b) Besides what is shown in the diagram, give two other conditions the
grower would need to control in the greenhouse?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

6 (c) (i) The tomato plants produce glucose from photosynthesis. Some of this glucose is
used to make proteins.
Give one other use that is made of the glucose by the plant.
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

6 (c) (ii) As well as the glucose, what other element do the plants need in order to make
proteins and in what form do they get it?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
Total for question

END OF QUESTIONS