INFO-6078 - Lab 4 - ARP, LAGs & LLDP

Lab 4 – ARP, LAGs & LLDP
Lab Topology and Learning Goals
Protocols are essential to network communications. Operating at every layer of the OSI model,
protocols allow equipment from different vendors to interoperate. In this lab we explore protocols
operating at layers 2 & 3 of the OSI model.
Lab Instructions and Required Resources

• Complete this lab in the Packer Tracer file: INFO-6078 – Lab 4 – ARP, LAGs & LLDP.pkz
• Take Lab Quiz: Lab 4 - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser
INFO-6078 Managing Enterprise Networks Page: 1

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Operation
In most circumstances we reference network devices by logical (IP) addresses; however, network
hosts send and receive communications using physical (MAC) addresses. ARP is used to find the
MAC address of a provided IP address.
• Edit the Event List Filters and include ARP, ICMP and HTTP
• On ALL laptops, open the command prompt and enter arp -d to clear the ARP tables
• Verify the ARP tables have been cleared with the arp -a command
• Press the Reset Simulation button to clear the Event List pane
• Open the Command Prompt on Laptop A and ping Laptop B
• Minimize the Command Prompt and open the ARP request in the Event List
• Switch to the Outbound PDU Details tab
• Observe the Ethertype field in the layer 2 header, as well as the details of the ARP request,
paying attention to the MAC and IP addresses
• What does the target MAC address represent?
• Advance the simulation two steps, so the ARP request travels to the switch and then to the
other hosts, notice the difference on behavior on Laptop B and Laptop C
• Advance the simulation two more steps so the response arrives at Laptop A
• Examine the ARP reply in the Incoming PDU Details
• The ICMP message is now ready for transmission
• Advance the simulation until all of the ICMP responses have been received
• View the ARP tables on Laptop A & B
• On ALL end devices, open the command prompt and enter arp -d to clear the ARP tables
• Verify the ARP tables have been cleared with the arp -a command
• Press the Reset Simulation button to clear the Event List pane
• Open the Web Browser on Laptop B and open the web site located at www.fanshawe.ca
• Minimize the Web Browser and open the ARP request in the Event List
• Switch to the Outbound PDU Details tab
• Observe the details of the ARP request, paying attention to the MAC and IP addresses
• Why are these different to the previous simulation?
• Does the IP address represent the web server?
• Advance the simulation two steps, so the ARP request travels to the switch and then to the
other hosts, notice the difference to the last simulation
• Advance the simulation and follow the HTTP traffic
• Can you find the servers MAC address in the ARP cache on Laptop B

Observe the effects of ARP on Intermediary Devices
Return to Realtime mode and generate some traffic on Laptops A & C by pinging the sever
Open the console on Switch 1 and enter privileged EXEC mode
Switch1> enable
View the contents of the MAC address table on Switch 1
Switch1# show mac-address-table
Why does the switch not track IP addresses as the end devices do?
View the contents of the MAC address table on Switch 2

Switch2# show mac-address-table
Why are multiple MAC addresses associated with the same port?
View the contents of the MAC address table on Router 1

Router1# show mac-address-table
How many MAC addresses are listed? Why is this so?
View the ARP cache for Router 1

Router1# show arp
How does this differ from the MAC address table?
View the ARP cache for Switch 1

Switch1# show arp
Is the output what you would expect from a switch?

Configure Link Aggregation Group with Link Aggregation Control Protocol
(LACP)
Networks are often designed with redundant links. In the event of a device failure or a damaged
cable, redundant links can ensure the network continues to operate. Redundant link can however
cause layer 2 loops in networks and normally Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) will disable one of the
redundant links to prevent a loop forming. When a link is disabled, we lose the bandwidth that the
link provides. Link aggregation can take multiple physical links and present them as a single logical
link to the network, satisfying STP need for only a single live link between devices, while allowing
more bandwidth for network traffic.
Observe the Effects of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

On Switch 1 & 2, observe the effects of Spanning Tree Protocol
Switch1# show spanning-tree
Switch2# show spanning-tree
Notice that F0/24 will be in the BLK (blocking) state on Switch 2, this means that the port cannot send
regular traffic and the bandwidth is restricted to that of a single link
Configure Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)

Use the interface range command to create an LACP link aggregation group (EtherChannel)
between Switch 1 and Switch 2
Switch1(config)# interface range f0/23-24
Explore the link aggregation configuration options
Switch1(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode ?
Configure LACP in active mode
Switch1(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode active
Configure Switch 2 in passive mode

Switch2(config)# interface range f0/23-24
Switch2(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode passive
Verify the Configuration of the LAG

Use the show etherchannel summary command to verify operation of the LAG
Switch1# show etherchannel summary
Using the legend at the top of the command results, verify that the pool is in use, and that both
interfaces are participating in the pool.
For a link to participate in the pool, all links must share the same configuration.
Once a LAG is configured, all configuration changes should occur on the port-channel interface.

Configure the Load Balancing Method
By default, a Catalyst 2960 switch will load balance LAG traffic based on the source MAC address.
Load balancing can be configured on a per-switch basis, with all LAGs using the same load balancing
method.
Verify the Default Load Balancing Method

Switch1# show etherchannel load-balance
Modify the Load Balancing Method for Switch 1

View the available load balancing methods
Switch1(config)# port-channel load-balance ?
Set the load balancing method to source IP address

Switch1(config)# port-channel load-balance src-ip
Verify the load balancing method configured on both switches
(Lab Challenge): Add a Third Interface to the LAG

Connect a third cable using interface F0/22 on both switches. Add the interface to the LAG and
troubleshoot as necessary.

Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) Operation
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a tool used to assist with network management on Cisco and
non-Cisco devices. LLDP allows network devices to advertise information about the device and
features to neighboring devices.
View LLDP configuration

Cisco devices prefer the proprietary Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) over LLDP; as such LLDP is
disabled by default on Cisco devices and needs to be enabled globally. For the purpose of our lab,
LLDP has been enabled on all devices except Switch 2.
Enable LLDP on Switch 2

Switch2(config)# lldp run
On Switch 2 view the LLDP configuration

Switch2# show lldp
Note the values of the lldp configuration
View Neighbor Information Shared by LLDP

LLDP can display various details about neighboring devices such as hostnames, device type, local
and remote interfaces and more
Switch2# show lldp neighbors
Observe the contents of the output. How could this command help you in your networking labs?
The show lldp neighbor command provides a summary of the information shared by the neighbor;
to view the full extent of the information add the detail parameter to the command
Switch2# show lldp neighbors detail
Compare the output of the two commands
Compare CDP and LLDP Output

On Switch 2, compare the output of the show LLDP neighbors and show CDP neighbors
commands
Switch2# show lldp neighbors
Switch2# show cdp neighbors
Switch2# show lldp neighbors detail

Switch2# show cdp neighbors detail
One benefit of CDP is that the IP address of neighboring devices is shared

Disable LLDP on a Per-Interface Basis
LLDP could cause security concerns if it is sharing device information on the wrong interface. It is
considered a best practice to disable LLDP on interfaces at the network edge. LLDP can be disabled
from transmitting, receiving or both.
On Router 1, disable LLDP on G0/0

Use the no lldp receive and no lldp transmit interface configuration commands to disable LLDP
entirely on G0/0
Router1(config-if)# no lldp receive
Router1(config-if)# no lldp transmit
Verify LLDP has been disabled on G0/0 (this may take some time)
Router1# show lldp neighbors

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Lab 4 – ARP, LAGs & LLDP

Lab Topology and Learning Goals

Lab Instructions and Required Resources

INFO-6078 Managing Enterprise Networks Page: 1

INFO-6078 Managing Enterprise Networks Page: 2

View the contents of the MAC address table on Switch 2

View the contents of the MAC address table on Router 1

View the ARP cache for Router 1

View the ARP cache for Switch 1

INFO-6078 Managing Enterprise Networks Page: 3

Observe the Effects of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Configure Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)

Configure Switch 2 in passive mode

Verify the Configuration of the LAG

INFO-6078 Managing Enterprise Networks Page: 4

Verify the Default Load Balancing Method

Modify the Load Balancing Method for Switch 1

Set the load balancing method to source IP address

Verify the load balancing method configured on both switches

(Lab Challenge): Add a Third Interface to the LAG

INFO-6078 Managing Enterprise Networks Page: 5

View LLDP configuration

Enable LLDP on Switch 2

On Switch 2 view the LLDP configuration

View Neighbor Information Shared by LLDP

Compare CDP and LLDP Output

Switch2# show lldp neighbors detail

INFO-6078 Managing Enterprise Networks Page: 6

On Router 1, disable LLDP on G0/0

INFO-6078 Managing Enterprise Networks Page: 7

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