Econ 102
Econ 102
Econ 102
Course
Information
TA
QUESTION
(1
MARK):
WHAT’S
YOUR
TA’S
NAME?
PLEASE
CIRCLE
BELOW!
Sam
Wong
LAB
DAY
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LAB
TIME
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LECTURE
TIME
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Student
Information
SURNAME
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GIVEN
NAME
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(NICKNAME)
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STUDENT
NO.
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EMAIL
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**
IMPORTANT
DISCLAIMER
**
This
sample
final
examination
is
NOT
a
public
good
created
by
Professor
Gateman;
it
merely
consists
of
fictitious
questions
(modeled
after
his
style,
of
course)
made
up
in
the
spur
of
the
moment,
to
be
distributed
to
fwends
(L
O
L).
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copyright
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relation
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actual
exam
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GENERAL
EXAMINATION
RULES
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having
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at
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writing
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aid
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v.
using
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arm’s
length).
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NOTICES
FOR
THIS
SPECIFIC
EXAMINATION
1.
Please
enter
your
answers
to
the
following
questions
on
the
lines
provided
in
this
booklet,
unless
otherwise
directed.
Answers
elsewhere
will
not
be
graded.
2.
This
examination
consists
of
07
PARTS
on
25
PAGES,
is
150
MINUTES
in
duration,
for
a
TOTAL
POSSIBLE
SCORE
of
100
MARKS.
Each
question
is
not
equally
weighted,
so
please
govern
your
time
carefully.
“Suggested”
times
for
each
question
are
provided
for
your
assistance.
PART
A
(15
QUESTIONS)
=
20
MINUTES
PART
B
(5
QUESTIONS)
=
5
MINUTES
PART
C
(5
QUESTIONS)
=
30
MINUTES
PART
D
(3
QUESTIONS)
=
20
MINUTES
PART
E
(1
QUESTION)
=
15
MINUTES
PART
F
(2
QUESTIONS)
=
15
MINUTES
PART
GATEMAN
(6
QUESTIONS)
=
45
MINUTES
PART
A
(
15
QUESTIONS;
15
MARKS
TOTAL)
SYNTHESIS
Azhar
is
having
trouble
and
wants
you
to
apply
your
economics
knowledge
to
help
him
select
the
best
possible
answer,
in
these
following
multiple-‐choice
questions.
A1.
McDonalds
Burgers
Lululemon
Yoga
Pants
Mike
Ross
10
hours
20
hours
Harvey
Specter
20
hours
60
hours
The
table
above
indicates
labour-‐hours
needed
for
Mike
and
Harvey
to
produce
a
single
unit
of
each
of
two
commodities.
If
their
labour
is
the
only
factor
used
to
produce
the
commodities,
which
of
the
following
statements
must
be
correct?
I.
Mike
has
an
absolute
advantage
in
the
production
of
both
commodities,
but
a
comparative
advantage
in
the
production
of
McDonalds
Burgers.
II.
Harvey
has
an
absolute
advantage
in
the
production
of
both
commodities,
but
a
comparative
advantage
in
the
production
of
Lululemon
Yoga
Pants.
III.
Mutually
advantageous
trade
can
occur
between
Mike
and
Harvey
when
2.5
units
of
McDonalds
Burgers
are
exchanged
for
1
unit
of
Lululemon
Yoga
Pants.
A.
I
only
B.
II
only
C.
III
only
D.
I
and
III
only
E.
II
and
III
only
A2.
Suppose
that
Genia
thinks
the
consumer
price
index
of
this
year
has
risen
from
97.5
to
195.0.
From
this
information,
she
can
tell
you
that:
A.
Each
person’s
real
income
is
cut
in
half,
due
to
the
purchasing
power
parity.
B.
The
prices
in
an
average
consumer’s
market
basket
are
effectively
halved.
C.
The
prices
in
an
average
consumer’s
market
basket
are
doubled.
D.
All
consumer
goods
prices
are
doubled,
making
the
CPI
more
unrepresentative.
E.
All
prices
in
the
economy
are
doubled,
due
to
the
CPI
inflation
effect.
A3.
Ryan
lives
in
an
economy
with
lump-‐sum
taxes
and
no
international
trade.
If
the
marginal
propensity
to
consume
is
0.8,
which
of
the
following
is
true
for
him?
A.
When
consumption
increases
by
$1,
investment
increases
by
a
maximum
of
$5.
B.
When
consumption
increases
by
$5,
income
increases
by
a
maximum
of
$1.
C.
When
investment
increases
by
$1,
income
increases
by
a
maximum
of
$5.
D.
When
investment
increases
by
$1,
consumption
increases
by
a
maximum
of
$5.
E.
When
income
increases
by
$5,
investment
increases
by
a
maximum
of
$1.
A4.
If
Barack
Hussein
Obama
simultaneously
engages
in
expansionary
monetary
and
fiscal
policy,
which
of
the
following
is
the
effect
on
interest
rate
and
unemployment?
A.
Interest
rates
increase,
indeterminate
effect
on
unemployment
rate.
B.
Interest
rates
increase,
unemployment
rate
decreases.
C.
Interest
rates
decrease,
unemployment
rate
decreases.
D.
Indeterminate
effect
on
interest
rates,
unemployment
rate
decreases.
E.
Indeterminate
effect
on
interest
rates,
unemployment
rate
increases.
A5.
Sophie
is
wondering
how
money
can
have
velocity
if
it
can’t
move.
Which
of
the
following
is
true
when
the
velocity
of
money
falls?
A.
An
increase
in
the
money
supply
will
have
less
effect
on
nominal
GDP.
B.
A
change
in
the
money
supply
will
affect
output
only.
C.
The
Bank
of
Canada
will
decrease
the
money
supply.
D.
Output
will
be
greater
for
a
given
money
supply.
E.
The
public
will
increase
its
holdings
of
assets
other
than
money.
A6.
Pinya
is
a
hardcore
Classical
economist
who
has
won
many
economic
debates.
With
her
theories,
she
would
most
likely
argue
that:
A.
The
government
should
have
an
active
role
in
the
economy,
with
their
fine-‐tuning
policies
in
fiscal
and
monetary
stabilization.
B.
Any
government
policies
will
be
ineffective
and
counterproductive.
C.
The
government
should
actively
intervene
in
the
economy
to
eliminate
business
cycles,
which
cause
short-‐run
fluctuations
in
real
GDP.
D.
Wages
and
prices
don’t
adjust
quickly
because
of
adjustment
asymmetry,
so
the
economy
is
slow
to
return
to
equilibrium.
E.
The
idea
of
long-‐run
neutrality
of
money
can
be
attributed
to
the
short-‐run
path
of
GDP
through
hysteresis.
A7.
Abner
has
just
graduated
from
the
Sauder
School
of
Business
(SOB)
with
a
generic
accounting
degree,
and
also
has
not
yet
begun
to
look
for
a
job.
As
a
result:
A.
The
unemployment
rate
increases,
and
labour-‐force
participation
rate
decreases.
B.
Both
the
consumption
and
saving
functions
shift
up
immediately,
as
a
result
of
the
additional
discouraged
worker
not
in
the
workforce.
C.
The
government
will
have
to
increase
unemployment
insurance
transfer
payments
to
accommodate
their
set
unemployment
rate
target.
D.
The
unemployment
rate
is
unaffected,
and
the
labour-‐force
participation
rate
is
unaffected.
E.
There
is
downward
pressure
in
the
labour
market
exerted
on
labour
supply,
as
another
worker
has
not
yet
entered
the
workforce.
A8.
FIGURE
A
Refer
to
Figure
A.
Jonathan
mistakenly
says
that
the
above
graph
is
an
example
of
a
Keynesian
linear
consumption
function.
What
can
you
correctly
tell
him
about
the
consumption
function,
in
terms
of
his
economy’s
desired
consumption
expenditure?
A.
Partially
induced
by
decreases
in
the
average
propensity
to
save
(APS).
B.
Largely
determined
autonomously
by
factors
other
than
real
income.
C.
A
function
of
disposable
income
over
a
lifetime
rather
than
the
current
period.
D.
An
increasing
proportion
of
disposable
income
against
individual
consumption.
E.
None
of
the
above
(it
seems
you
can’t
explain
to
Jonathan
a
correct
statement
about
consumption
expenditures
either!).
A9.
FIGURE
B
Refer
to
Figure
B.
Jonathan
is
again
drawing
blanks
about
the
components
and
determinants
of
the
AE
curve.
What
could
be
a
possible
explanation
to
him
for
the
shift
of
the
functions
from
AE0
to
AE1?
A.
Equilibrium
national
income
has
lowered
to
E1
due
to
a
negative
supply
shock.
B.
Sustained
leakage
of
savings
from
volatile
consumption
patterns
lowers
AE0.
C.
The
absolute
amount
of
net
capital
outflow
decreases
with
a
new
trade
deficit.
D.
A
booming
US
economy
experiences
an
exogenous
10%
rise
in
disposable
income.
E.
The
implicit
GDP
deflator
has
recently
dropped
from
110.1
to
97.8
index
points.
A10.
Richard
is
a
new
immigrant
to
Canada
and
is
asking
about
Canada’s
BOP.
Which
of
the
following
transactions
would
appear
as
a
debit
in
the
current
account?
A.
Canadian
tourists
in
France
purchase
French
francs.
B.
Canadians
receive
dividends
on
U.S.
investment
in
Latin
America.
C.
A
Canadian
subsidiary
exports
raw
materials
to
its
Dutch
parent
company.
D.
The
Bank
of
Canada
purchases
German
marks
to
hold
in
its
official
reserves.
E.
The
Arabian
Capital
Investment
Corporation
makes
a
loan
to
a
Canadian
firm.
A11.
Florencia
claims
to
be
a
“master
of
the
Philips
curve”.
According
to
the
long-‐run
Philips
curve,
which
of
the
following
is
true?
A.
Unemployment
increases
in
the
long-‐run
with
an
increase
in
core
inflation
rate.
B.
Flow
of
wages
follows
a
distinct
pattern
of
“sticky
downward,
flexible
upward”.
C.
Increased
automation
will
lead
to
lower
levels
of
structural
unemployment
in
the
long-‐run.
D.
Changes
in
the
composition
of
the
overall
demand
for
labour
tend
to
be
deflationary
in
the
short-‐run.
E.
The
NAIRU
is
independent
of
monetary
and
fiscal
policy
changes
that
affect
aggregate
demand.
A12.
FIGURE
C
Refer
to
Figure
C.
Charmien
recalled
Prof
:G
talking
about
the
Lions
Gate
Bridge
and
center
of
action
on
Granville
Street.
What
would
occur
if
the
bank
rate
were
raised?
A.
The
supply
for
loanable
funds
would
see
a
sharp
decline.
B.
The
transmission
mechanism
of
interest
rates
would
cause
commercial
banks’
target
reserves
to
increase.
C.
There
is
a
movement
down
along
the
marginal
efficiency
of
investment
curve.
D.
There
would
be
no
effect
on
the
AE
curve
as
no
proportion
of
autonomous
spending
is
changed.
E.
Assuming
an
upward
sloping
SRAS
curve,
the
price
level
also
eventually
increases.
A13.
FIGURE
D
Refer
to
Figure
D.
Charmien
is
back
and
needs
help
interpreting
slopes
of
lines
in
economics
(and
statistics)!
What
is
a
possible
explanation
for
the
difference
in
slopes
in
the
AD
curves
for
Openland
and
Autarkland?
A.
The
net
export
function
in
Autarkland
has
shifted
up
and
become
flatter.
B.
Openland
is
currently
imposing
countervailing
duties
on
Autarkland.
C.
Openland
may
have
multiple
“forces”
propelling
its
family
of
AE
functions
down,
reducing
Y
by
more
with
the
same
increase
in
P.
D.
The
simple
multiplier
in
Openland
is
significantly
larger
than
in
Autarkland.
E.
All
of
the
above,
duh.
A14.
FIGURE
E
Refer
to
Figure
E.
Vivian
currently
has
a
craving
for
these
nuts
(from
Finland).
Which
of
the
following
is
a
correct
statement
about
the
graph?
A.
The
deadweight
loss
of
the
import
quota
is
the
sum
of
areas
A
and
B.
B.
Imposing
a
tariff
here
in
place
of
the
quota
would
cause
a
greater
deadweight
loss.
C.
Area
C
represents
the
added
surplus
to
foreign
import
license-‐holders.
D.
With
an
increase
in
world
price
from
$30
to
$36,
Canadian
producers’
competitiveness
has
been
lowered.
E.
This
quota
will
eventually
generate
revenue
of
$72,000
for
the
government.
A15.
Kerry
has
been
listening
intently
to
Prof
:G.’s
insights
on
“too
many
people”
and
“saving
the
manatees”.
Which
of
the
following
statements
accurately
reflects
an
issue
related
to
economic
growth?
A.
Resource
exhaustion
can
only
be
dealt
with
by
improvements
in
resource
efficiency.
B.
Technological
improvement,
while
effective,
does
not
allow
absolute
limits
for
economic
growth
to
be
bypassed.
C.
The
use
of
carbon
taxes
and
cap-‐and-‐trade
systems
creates
incentives
for
firms
to
be
sustainable,
but
has
costs
to
short-‐run
real
GDP
per
capita
growth.
D.
Inequality
in
arbitrarily
distributed
income
is
caused
by
global
overpopulation.
E.
Short-‐run
solutions
to
environmental
degradation
are
equally
as
important
given
rapid
technological
innovation
within
free
market
structures.
PART
B
(
5
QUESTIONS;
5
MARKS
TOTAL)
KNOWLEDGE
Berkowitz
wants
you
to
define
the
following
five
(5)
terms
precisely
and
concisely:
B1
Permanent
Income
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B2
Solow
Residual
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B3
Gross
Tuning
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B4
Capital
Gains
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B5
Rule
of
72
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PART
C
(
5
QUESTIONS;
25
MARKS
TOTAL)
ANALYSIS
Prof
:G
hopes
you
have
learned
lots
in
ECON
102
(amen)
and
presents
to
you
a
few
brain-‐busters
for
the
last
time!
C1
Niki
is
meditating
peacefully
and
reflecting
on
the
macro
world.
Explain
to
her
the
discrete
ways
in
which
income
and
expenditure
interact
in
a
frugal
economy.
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.
C2
Eleanor
has
flown
to
Paris
on
Exchange
and
notices
that
its
main
export
is
wine
and
main
import
from
Canada
is
beavers.
Explain
to
her
the
consequences
to
France’s
economy
if
the
relative
price
of
wine
is
doubled,
given
Canadian
demand
for
wine
is
inelastic
(not
sensitive).
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C3
Lily
is
mad
that
she
has
to
pay
more
for
US
waffles
because
of
the
loonie’s
decline.
Explain
to
her
the
Bank
of
Canada’s
process
of
pegging
this
exchange
rate.
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.
C4
Bowow’s
pet
stores
specialize
in
making
chewy
bone
toys
for
dogs,
with
a
special
kind
of
rubber.
Suppose
there
is
an
exogenous
positive
demand
shock
for
this
rubber
in
Urduland,
another
large
importer.
Explain
to
Bowow
why
a
wage-‐
price
spiral
may
occur,
and
how
it
could
be
halted.
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.
C5
Michelle,
a
holder
of
a
deposit
in
the
G-‐bank
(refer
to
T-‐account),
withdraws
$1000
and
deposits
this
in
a
Korean
commercial
bank.
Explain
the
G-‐bank’s
first
course
of
action
and
calculate
the
net
changes
in
M1
and
in
loans
after
the
banking
system’s
multiplication
process,
with
no
cash
drain.
Bank
of
Gateman
Bank
of
Ratna
Bank
of
Kong
(G-‐bank)
($hrestha
EConomy)
(Asian
Guerilla
Bank)
Reserves:
Deposits:
Reserves:
Deposits:
Reserves:
Deposits:
$10,000
$100,000
$5000
$50,000
$7000
$70,000
Loans:
Loans:
Loans:
$90,000
$45,000
$63,000
Target
reserve
ratio
=
Target
reserve
ratio
=
Target
reserve
ratio
=
10%
10%
10%
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.
PART
D
(
3
QUESTIONS;
10
MARKS
TOTAL)
INTEGRATION
Please
answer
the
following
questions
TRUE
or
FALSE
and
EXPLAIN
your
answer.
Note
that
no
marks
will
be
allocated
for
unsubstantiated
answers.
D1
The
Ghostbusters
are
converting
into
“The
Gapbusters”
and
think
the
balanced
budget
multiplier
will
have
profound
fiscal
effects
on
employment
and
living
standards,
the
greater
the
desired
government
expenditures.
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D2
Steph
thinks
that
if
high
levels
of
lending
from
abroad
were
to
finance
the
current
account,
there
would
be
a
short-‐run
drain
on
the
economy
while
leading
to
an
increase
in
the
account
deficit
in
following
years.
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D3
Juliet
thinks
that
accelerating
inflation
will
cause
a
huge
drop
in
the
demand
for
bonds,
as
there
is
upward
pressure
on
households’
real
number
of
transactions.
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.
PART
E
(
1
QUESTION;
9
MARKS
TOTAL)
RATIONALIZATION
E1
Most
kids
go
through
a
“dinosaur
phase”,
falling
in
love
with
these
“really
big
and
scary”
creatures
for
a
while.
Using
economic
theory
you
have
learned
and
the
aid
of
a
well-‐labeled
diagram(s),
explain
the
macro
significance
of
this
observation.
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.
PART
F
(
2
QUESTIONS;
10
MARKS
TOTAL)
APPLICATION
Sam’s
favourite
TV
series,
the
critically
acclaimed
“Game
of
Thrones”,
is
often
known
for
its
graphic
violence
and
sexually
explicit
scenes.
F1
Sam
is
curious
about
whether
“The
Seven
Kingdoms”
in
the
show
and
their
constant
struggle
for
the
throne
can
be
transposed
into
a
real
life
economy.
Explain.
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“A
day
will
come
when
you
think
yourself
safe
and
happy,
and
suddenly
your
joy
will
turn
to
ashes
in
your
mouth,
and
you'll
know
the
debt
is
paid.”
–
Tyrion
Lannister
(Season
2,
Episode
8)
F2
Sam
is
also
wondering
whether
the
above
quote
from
his
adored
character
Tyrion
has
any
relation
to
economic
concepts.
Discuss.
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.
PART
G
(
6
QUESTIONS;
25
MARKS
TOTAL)
EVALUATION
Please
read
the
following
article
“High
consumer
debt
reflects
‘laissez-‐faire’
attitude
to
borrowing”
from
the
11
March
2015
edition
of
CBC
Business
News,
and
then
answer
the
following
questions
that
Vanessa
has
pondered:
Experts say personal debt levels are partially attributable to our consumer culture. (The Associated Press)
Sound familiar?
It
should.
Economists
have
been
sounding
the
alarm
about
consumer
debt
for
the
last
few
years.
It
was
also
a
recurring
mantra
of
our
late
finance
minister,
Jim
Flaherty.
Yet
despite
all
the
warnings,
a
new
Statistics
Canada
report
suggests
Canadians
continue
their
free-‐spending
ways,
which
experts
say
is
due
to
a
carefree
outlook
on
borrowing
money.
"People
seem
to
have
a
laissez-‐faire
attitude
toward
debt
right
now,
simply
because
what's
been
shoved
down
our
throats
—
that
interest
rates
are
at
an
all-‐time
low,
and
life
is
great…
and
the
economy
is
not
bad,"
says
Laurie
Campbell,
CEO
of
Credit
Canada
Debt
Solutions.
According
to
a
recent
report
by
credit
monitoring
firm
Equifax,
the
total
amount
of
Canadian
credit
market
debt
—
a
figure
that
includes
mortgages,
non-‐mortgage
loans
and
consumer
credit
—
rose
to
$1.529
trillion
at
the
end
of
2014.
The
bulk
of
this
increase
was
new
mortgage
debt,
suggesting
Canadians
are
continuing
to
take
advantage
of
lower
interest
rates
to
dive
into
the
ever-‐
burgeoning
housing
market.
The
ease
with
which
people
can
obtain
credit
cards
–
and
buy
to
their
heart's
content
–
has
contributed
to
personal
debt
levels,
credit
counsellors
say.
(CBC)
According
to
Statistics
Canada,
Canadians'
debt-‐to-‐income
ratio
in
the
fourth
quarter
of
2014
was
at
an
all-‐time
high
of
163
per
cent.
That
means
for
every
dollar
of
income,
Canadians
carry
$1.63
of
debt.
As
a
credit
counsellor,
Campbell
is
on
the
front
lines
of
the
debt
debacle,
and
says
that
the
biggest
problem
for
most
people
remains
credit
cards,
which
she
says
are
too
easy
to
obtain
and
so
encourage
people
to
fulfill
all
of
their
consumer
desires.
She
says
many
cardholders
don't
know
that
the
average
interest
rate
is
about
20
per
cent.
"It's very easy to impulse-‐purchase on — it doesn't feel like money," says Campbell.
But
credit
cards
are
only
one
small
part
of
the
larger
picture.
Another
reason
Canadian
consumers
are
so
debt-‐laden
is
that
banks
"are
coming
up
with
all
these
unique
and
different
ways
of
lending
money
all
the
time,"
says
Toronto-‐based
personal
finance
expert
Rubina
Ahmed-‐Haq.
Home
equity
loans,
which
allow
consumers
to
borrow
on
the
value
of
their
homes,
have
been
especially
popular
in
recent
years,
and
so
have
bank
car
loans.
Moody's
Investor
Service
reports
that
bank
car
lending
—
which
typically
has
modest
interest
rates
and
long
amortization
periods,
thus
keeping
monthly
payments
low
—
has
grown
at
an
annual
rate
of
20
per
cent
since
2007.
By
far
the
biggest
component
of
household
debt,
however,
is
mortgages.
Given
the
seemingly
unstoppable
rise
in
home
prices
in
Canada's
biggest
cities,
consumers
are
taking
on
massive
mortgages
to
get
into
the
housing
market.
According
to
a
new
report
by
the
Royal
Bank
of
Canada,
mortgages
are
responsible
for
the
recent
jump
in
household
debt.
New
residential
mortgages
rose
5.4
per
cent
in
January
compared
to
a
year
earlier,
to
over
$1.2
trillion.
The
main
reason
Canadians
have
been
able
to
take
on
more
mortgage
debt
is
because
interest
rates
are
at
an
all-‐time
low,
thanks
in
part
to
the
surprise
cut
in
January
to
the
prime
rate
set
by
the
Bank
of
Canada
governor
Stephen
Poloz
at
a
historic
low
of
0.75
per
cent.
Ahmed-‐Haq
says
the
previous
Bank
of
Canada
governor,
Mark
Carney,
was
"like
a
father
figure,"
constantly
reminding
Canadians
to
be
aware
of
household
debt
and
the
fact
that
interest
rates
would
eventually
rise.
"There
was
always
this
underlying
feeling
that
he's
aware
and
he's
concerned,"
she
says.
She
doesn't
see
the
same
level
of
concern
from
current
governor
Stephen
Poloz.
But
Ahmed-‐Haq
also
admits
that
people
may
have
the
wrong
impression
of
the
central
banker's
mandate.
"People
always
think
the
Bank
of
Canada
is
there
to
help
us
borrow
money,"
she
says.
"But
the
Bank
of
Canada
is
really
just
there
to
make
sure
inflation
stays
in
check."
Sal
Gautieri,
a
senior
economist
at
BMO
Capital
Markets,
acknowledges
that
"household
credit
growth
has
picked
up
a
little
bit
in
response
to
lower
interest
rates."
But
he
also
notes
that
Canada's
current
personal
debt
ratio
of
163
per
cent
is
still
lower
than
the
U.S.
record
in
2007,
just
before
the
economic
collapse,
which
was
177
per
cent.
"There
is
a
reason
to
be
concerned,
but
not
to
the
point
that
we
should
panic,"
says
Gautieri.
Even
so,
a
recent
report
from
the
McKinsey
Global
Institute
says
that
between
2007
and
mid-‐2014,
only
one
country
had
larger
growth
in
household
debt
than
Canada
—
Greece.
While
many
experts
blame
our
debt
spiral
on
consumer
temptation,
an
abundance
of
attractive
borrowing
options
and
a
collective
lack
of
impulse
control,
government
must
shoulder
some
of
the
blame,
says
Mario
Seccareccia,
an
economics
professor
at
the
University
of
Ottawa.
Seccareccia
says
any
economy
is
"a
simple
accounting
relationship"
in
which
transactions
take
place
both
within
the
private
sector,
namely
businesses
and
households,
but
also
between
the
public
sector
and
the
private
sector.
In
order
for
the
economy
to
grow,
there
must
be
at
least
one
sector
that
spends
more
than
it
receives
—
in
other
words,
"somebody
has
to
go
into
debt,"
says
Seccareccia.
And
after
the
global
financial
meltdown
in
2008,
the
Canadian
government
ran
deficits
in
order
to
stimulate
consumer
spending
and
allow
households
to
pay
off
some
of
their
debt.
But
in
recent
years,
the
federal
government
especially
has
been
aggressively
trying
to
balance
its
budget,
largely
by
reducing
program
spending
and
cutting
jobs
in
the
civil
service,
which
can
mean
less
disposable
income
for
the
many
families
relying
on
that
spending.
"A
deficit
in
the
public
sector
is
a
net
saving
in
the
private
sector,"
says
Seccareccia.
"So
if
the
public
sector
reduces
its
deficit,
it's
merely
destroying
savings
of
the
private
sector,
and
it's
going
to
hit
the
household
sector."
G1
In
reference
to
easy
debt
spending,
"it
all
just
gives
people
a
false
sense
of
security"
(Line
13).
Explain
what
would
occur
if
households
felt
no
sense
of
security.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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.
G2
"It's
very
easy
to
impulse-‐purchase
on
–
it
doesn't
feel
like
money,"
says
Campbell
(Line
30).
Evaluate
the
effectiveness
of
money
substitutes
in
this
context.
.
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G3
Seccareccia
says
“any
economy
is
‘a
simple
accounting
relationship’”
(Line
76).
To
refute
his
claim,
explain
to
him
the
errors
that
are
inherent
in
GDP
accounting.
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.
G4
“Household
credit
growth
has
picked
up
a
little
bit
in
response
to
lower
interest
rates"
(Line
62).
If
the
Bank
of
Canada
employs
quantitative
easing
rather
than
rate
easing,
would
it
be
just
as
effective
in
stimulating
these
mortgage
debts?
Explain.
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.
G5
“So
if
the
public
sector
reduces
its
deficit,
it's
merely
destroying
savings
of
the
private
sector,
and
it's
going
to
hit
the
household
sector"
(Line
91).
With
reference
to
the
budget
function,
discuss
the
implications
of
fiscal
stabilization
in
this
context.
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.
G6
"There
is
a
reason
to
be
concerned,
but
not
to
the
point
that
we
should
panic,"
says
Gautieri
(Line
82).
Consider
the
situation
where
the
debt
spiral
and
destruction
of
private
savings
continue
indefinitely.
Explain,
with
the
aid
of
a
well-‐labeled
diagram,
the
likely
effect
on
the
rate
of
change
of
long-‐run
GDP
per
capita.
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**O M G – you’ve completed ECON 102 – now go make a difference! **