Module - 1 - Mathematics in Our World

NGEC 4
MODULE 1
Intended Learning Outcomes
1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities

2. Articulate the importance of Mathematics in one's life
3. Argue about the nature of mathematics, what it is , how it is
expressed, represented, and used
4. Express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor
Diagnostics: answer in 5 minutes
If you think the statement is correct, write AGREE. Otherwise, write
DISAGREE
1. Mathematics is exhibited only through numbers
2. Mathematics can progress even without numbers
3. Every phenomenon, whether scientific or social, can be explained by
mathematics
4. Patterns that occur in nature are only for arts appreciation and not
for mathematical explorations
5. Mathematics is not meant to be learned by everyone
Core Idea
Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and
our world.
1. Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the
world.
2. Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and
phenomena in the world
3. Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world
for our own ends.
4. Mathematics has numerous applications in the world making
it indispensable.
Nature of Mathematics
What is mathematics?
Where is mathematics?
What role does mathematics play in

your world?
Mathematics in the Modern World
It is about mathematics as a system of knowing or
understanding our surroundings.
It provides glimpses into the nature of
mathematics and how it is used to understand our
world. (quantitative understanding of our
surrounding)
Example:
Planning a shopping trip to several local stores or
several cities scattered across Europe, is more
interesting when one has knowledge of efficient
routes , which is a concept from the field of graph
theory
What is
mathematics...
SECTION 1: Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World
MATHEMATICS
Goes beyond arithmetic
A language by which the universe is elegantly
designed
Its value transcends the intellectual, the practical
and even the aesthetic standards
where is
mathematics...
DAVID HILBERT
Influenced modern mathematics with his axiomatic treatment
of geometry
He used abstractions rather than calculations to prove and
establish mathematical theories
He was believed to have dyscalculia ( a disability of
comprehending and learning arithmetic)
What role does

mathematics play in
your world.....
PATTERNS:
Mathematics is known as the science of patterns :
it is used to understand even the slightest detail in the universe
one may now speak of patterns of structures, patterns of changes,
random patterns in shape, patterns in occurrences
these are regular, repeated, or recurring forms or designs
We see patterns everyday; (layout of floor tiles, skyscrapers, tie of
shoelaces and many more)
Studying patterns help identifying relationships, and finding logical
connections to form generalizations and make predictions
The attempt to understand the universe of patterns leads to many
significant theories in mathematics which in turn have been utilized by
other disciplines.
1. NUMERIC PATTERNS: Example:
number sequence:
31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31
2. PATTERNS OF SHAPES
occurs naturally
example:
the vibrant designs of flowers and
leaves of certain plants
Patterns in plants
Exquisite spiral patterns may be found in their leaves and flowers
These patterns attracted mathematicians and practitioners in applied
science particularly botany and biology
Beyond the genetic and biological structures, mathematicians discovered
what is known as the “golden angle measured at 137.5 degrees
Later the golden ratio was also discovered which later attached to
fibonacci numbers
PATTERNS OF SHAPES
Patterns in animals
Animal skin used in coats (snail, tiger stripes etc)
over the years, biologists, biochemists, and mathematicians have
been trying to find explanations for these spctacles
the mathematical justification arises from the formulation of an
equation (specifically a unique system of differential equation)
which captures the interaction between two chemical products
that produce these skin coats.
PATTERNS OF SHAPES
Patterns in nature
Mayon volcano
One of the tourist destination because of the
flawless symmetrical features
It also pave the way to probability model of
predicting when and how it will erupt in the future
PATTERNS IN NATURE
Formation of Clouds
used to asses certain atmospheric phenomenon like rain or storm
In 2003, John Adam went a step ahead when

he was able to model the different cloud
formations by working on numeric data which
were obtained by observing these patterns.
This model became a significant factor in

weather forcasting to aid both air and marine
navigation.
IAN STEWART
In his book "nature's Numbers" explains that
"by using mathematics to organize and systematize

our ideas about patterns,
we have discovered a great secret:

nature's patterns are not just there to be admired,
they are vital clues to the rules that govern natural processes"
Patterns indicate a sense of structure and organization that

it seems only humans are capable of producing these
intricate, creative and amazing formations
It is from these perspective that some people see an

“intelligent design” in the way that nature forms.
Fibonnaci Numbers
Fibonnaci sequence
Fibonacci is a Pseudo name of Leonardo Pisano Bigollo
Most popular and unifying and numeric pattern
They appear in the numbers and arrangements of petals,

leaves and branches of plants
Symmetry
1.bilateral symmetry ( the left and right portions are

exactly the same)
2.three-fold symmetry
3.five-fold symmetry
Symmetry
Bilateral symmetry ( the left and right portions are exactly

the same)
Symmetry
Three-fold symmetry ( the left and right portions are exactly

the same
Symmetry
Five-fold symmetry
Snowflakes and Honeycombs
Snowflakes and Honeycombs
Rotational Symmetry
Note that if you rotate the spiderwort and starfish

above by several degrees, you can still achieve the
same appearance as the original position
This is known as rotational symmetry.
Rotational Symmetry
A figure has a rotational symmetry of order

n (n-fold rotational symmetry)
If 1/n of a complete turn leaves the figure
unchanged.
To compute for the angle of rotation, we use the
following formula:
〖〗
Angle of rotation = 360 /n
Rotational Symmetry
Equiangular Spiral
follows the rule that as the distance from the spiral center
increases(radius), the amplitudes of the angles formed by
the radii to the point remain constant.
Equiangular Spiral
Equiangular Spiral
Equiangular Spiral
that's all for now!!
thank you...

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NGEC 4

1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities

What role does mathematics play in

What role does

1. NUMERIC PATTERNS: Example:

In 2003, John Adam went a step ahead when

This model became a significant factor in

In his book "nature's Numbers" explains that

"by using mathematics to organize and systematize

we have discovered a great secret:

Patterns indicate a sense of structure and organization that

It is from these perspective that some people see an

Fibonacci is a Pseudo name of Leonardo Pisano Bigollo

Most popular and unifying and numeric pattern

They appear in the numbers and arrangements of petals,

1.bilateral symmetry ( the left and right portions are

Bilateral symmetry ( the left and right portions are exactly

Three-fold symmetry ( the left and right portions are exactly

Note that if you rotate the spiderwort and starfish

A figure has a rotational symmetry of order

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