q3 Module 5 6 Climate

QUARTER 3 - MODULE 5-6
CLIMATE
Classify the following pictures as weather or
climate
rainy
spring
cloudy
sunny summer
autumn
winter lightning
WEATHER vs. CLIMATE
WEATHER
• Refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a
particular place within a short period of time.
• It is caused by the interaction between air pressure,
heat, wind and moisture.
• It is what the forecasters on televisions and radios
predict each day.
• It can be measured and described by temperature,
atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, cloudiness and
precipitation.
Temperature refers to how hot or cold the atmosphere is
in a region on a day-to-day basis.
Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the atmosphere

overhead.
Wind refers to the movement of air.
Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in the air.
Cloudiness can affect the weather condition of a certain

place.
Precipitation is defined as any liquid or frozen water that

forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the Earth.
WEATHER vs. CLIMATE
CLIMATE
• Refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a
particular location over a long period of time.
• Climate can be described by looking at the average

temperature and precipitation over time.
Factors Affecting
Climate
Latitude
• Latitude is defined as the
distance from north to south of
the equator measured in
degrees.
• Temperature range depends on
the distance from the equator.
• As you move away from the
equator, temperature decreases
resulting in cold climate.
• Temperature increases as you
come near the equator,
resulting in warm climate.
Altitude Why is it that during summer many
people visit Baguio City?
• Altitude is defined as the elevation

especially above sea level.
• Temperatures decrease with
height.
• The air is less dense and cannot
hold heat as easily.
• Places with higher elevations have
cold climates.
• The temperature usually decreases
by 1°C for every 100 meters in
altitude.
• Decrease in air temperature is due
to the decrease in air pressure.
Bodies of water
• Places that are near the oceans
have moderate climate as the
body of water regulates the
temperature.
• Places that are far from the
bodies of water have extreme
climates, as there are no
immediate bodies of water that
will help to circulate the
movement of cold air and warm
air.
Ocean Currents
• Ocean currents are characterized
by moist and warm temperature
that can increase and can lower
temperature which greatly affects
climate of a region.
• Coriolis effect is defined as an
effect whereby a mass moving in a
rotating system experiences a force
(Coriolis Force) acting
perpendicular to the direction of
motion and to the axis of rotation.
Ocean Currents
• Ocean currents will either warm or
cool the air above them.
• Warm currents that move from the
equator towards the poles carry
warm water. The air above the
warm water has higher
temperature.
• On the other hand, cold currents
that travel from poles toward the
equator carry cold water.
• When this happens, the
temperature of that area decreases
as warmer air from the land flows
to the sea resulting in a cold
climate.
Topography
• One side is facing the wind and
has low temperature. Clouds are
forming here due to the
condensation of water vapor.
This formation of clouds
develops to become rain.
• On the other side of the
mountain, there is no cloud
formation. The temperature is
high and precipitation does not
happen. This results in the
formation of a dry and warm
region.
Climate
Change
CLIMATE CHANGE
 Is climate change real?
 Is
climate change man-made or is it just a
natural occurrence?
CLIMATE CHANGE
 Climate
change is one of the most current
worldwide issues.
 Some experts say that it is true that Earth

does go through a period of cooling and
a period of warming.
WHAT CAUSES CLIMATE CHANGE?
 The increase of temperature that we are

experiencing right now is caused by factors
other than human activity.
 Whether the cause is man-made or not, climate
change is a change in the environment.
 Global warming can bring about a rising of sea
level due to the melting of ice caps and
glaciers.
 We may experience severe weather
disturbances such as much stronger
typhoons and heavier rainfalls.
 Some parts of the world may experience

El Niño or La Niña.
 And
most of all, it can cause extinction of
some fauna and flora.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 Warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the earth caused

by conversion of solar radiation into heat.
 The solar radiation was trapped into the earth due to greenhouse
gases.
 These include water vapor, carbon dioxide,

chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s), methane and nitrous oxide.
 Greenhouse gases prevent heat to escape from earth making

earth’s temperature higher.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 The figure shows that
greenhouse gases such as
carbon dioxide, methane
(CH4), chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), and nitrous oxide
(N2O) trap heat preventing
it to escape from the earth.
 All gases absorb heat,

some just absorb more
than others.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 Moregreenhouse gases in the atmosphere
means that the equilibrium temperature will be
higher as these absorb more heat.
 This
will result to the increase of global
temperature.
 Less
greenhouse gases will mean lower
temperature.
CARBON DIOXIDE
 Main component of air that causes

the rising of the global temperature.
 When Industrial Revolution comes in,
more emission of carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases
threatened all living things.
 Developed countries and
developing countries became more
dependent on fossil fuels.
 Burning of fossil fuels is one of the
main sources of carbon dioxide
emission.
El Niño
 El Niño is an abnormal and lengthy warming in

the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean.
 This natural phenomenon occurs at irregular
intervals of two to seven years and last for nine
months or two years at most.
 Usually, it starts at the end of the year or during
Christmas season that is why; it is termed as El
Niño which means “Christ Child”.
El Niño
El Niño
 Normally, as trade wind moves from east to west, it
collects warm air.
 But when trade wind is weakened, it causes the piling

up of warm surface water and making the part of the
Pacific Ocean warmer leading to El Niño phenomenon.
 This happens when the upwelling of colder water is

blocked by the large quantities of warm surface water.
(The cause of the weakening of the trade winds is still
unknown and it is still being investigated)
La Niña
 La Niña is the opposite climatic disturbance to

El Niño.
 This natural phenomenon may, but does not
always follow El Niño events.
 It may last for nine to twelve months but in
some cases, it lasts for two years.
 This event is triggered by the cooling of the
eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. That‘s why, it
is sometimes called Cold Pacific.
La Niña
La Niña
 Trade winds that move from east to west are strengthened.
 Upwelling of colder water intensifies.
 Moving air brings along too much water vapor.
 When it reaches the land mass such as Philippines, precipitation is
experienced.
 There would be an increase of rainfall in some areas in the
Philippines.
 For instance, areas that experienced severe drought which caused
by El Niño may encounter above normal rainfall.
 But in some cases, areas that experience dry season will be drier
than normal conditions.
 La Niña’s effects are the opposite of El Niño.
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
As a student, how can you
help slow down or lessen the
effects of climate
change/global warming?
Thank You!

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QUARTER 3 - MODULE 5-6

Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the atmosphere

Wind refers to the movement of air.

Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in the air.

Cloudiness can affect the weather condition of a certain

Precipitation is defined as any liquid or frozen water that

• Climate can be described by looking at the average

• Altitude is defined as the elevation

 Is climate change real?

 Some experts say that it is true that Earth

 The increase of temperature that we are

 Some parts of the world may experience

 Warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the earth caused

 These include water vapor, carbon dioxide,

 Greenhouse gases prevent heat to escape from earth making

 All gases absorb heat,

 Main component of air that causes

 El Niño is an abnormal and lengthy warming in

 But when trade wind is weakened, it causes the piling

 This happens when the upwelling of colder water is

 La Niña is the opposite climatic disturbance to

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