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PAT

PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
PAT
21 PAT2 62
22 PAT2 63
23 PAT2 64
PAT 2
PAT2
1 8
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2 9

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

3 10
1.
2.
3. 1.
4. 2.
3.
4 4.

11
1.
2.
3.
4.

12

1. A
2. B 1.
3. C 2.
4. D 3.
4.
5
1. 13

2.

3. 1.
4. 2.
3.
6 4.

1. 14
2. 1. ADH
3.
4. 2.

7 3.
1.
2. 4.
3.
4.

Page 2
PAT2
15 22
1.
1.
2. 2.
3.
4. 3.

4.
16
1. O B
O A A B
23 mRNA 5 UAC UCC AGU AUA CCA GAG 3
2. A AB
mRNA DNA
B AB B A
1.
3. Rh- Rh- Rh+
2.
4. Rh+ 2 3 Rh -
3.
4.

17 24
1. 1. ABO
2. 2.
3.
3. 8 4.
4. 3

18
1. Ca2+
2.
3.
4.

19
1.

2.

3.

25
4.
5 mRNA
AUGUCCGUA C A
20 2 mRNA
1. 1.
2. 2. Ser Tyr
3. 3. Arg Asp
4. 4. Pro Thr
26
21 1.
1. 1
2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.
-

Page 3
PAT2
27 32
1.
2.
3.

4.
2 1

28
1.
2.

3. F2
3:1 1. A
4. 2. B
3. C
4. D
29
33

1.
2.
3.
4.
1. RNA DNA
2. RNA DNA 34
3. DNA DNA 1.
4. DNA RNA
2.
30
3.
400-500 630-700
4.

35
1. I II

2.

3.
1. autosomal dominant
2. autosomal recessive ATP
3. X-linked inheritance 4.
4. multiple alleles

31 -
10,000
4
1. 49
2. 98
3. 196
4. 392

Page 4
PAT2
36 39
1. PGA RuBP CO2
ATP
2. G3P PGAL
3. PGAL 2 C6
1
4. C6

37 C3 C4
C3 C4

1.
2.
CO2 3.
CO2 4.

40
1.
2.
3.
4.

38

1.
2. 1,200 µmol m-2s-1
-2 -1
3. 100 µmol m s
4. 1,500 µmol m-2s-1
CO2

Page 5
PAT2

Page 6
PAT 2
PAT2
1 7 2
+
1. Rh Rh+ 2
-
Rh
4X 2. Rh+ 2 Rh-
3 3. Rh- Rh- 2
1. Rh+
2. 4. Rh- 2 Rh+
3.
4. 8
1.
2 2.
3.
4.

9
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

3 Na+ K+ 10
1.
2.
3.
4. 1.
2.
4 3.
1. 4.
2.
3. 11
1.
4. 2.
3.
4.
5
12

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
1. NH2-
3.
2. NH3
4.
3. NH2-
4. NH3

Page 8
PAT2
13 18
1. NADH, FADH2 ATP
2.

3. 1
NADH 2
4. NADH FADH2

14

48
26
1. 13
2. 9
3. 3 5 mRNA
4. 1 AUGCACGUAA
mRNA
15 1.
1. 2. 2
2. 3.
3. 4. 2 3
4.
19 20
16
1. II
2.
3. 2
4. 1

17

1.
19
1. autosomal dominant
2. 7
2. autosomal recessive
3. X-linked inheritance
3.
4. multiple alleles
4.
20 A a
II,2 III,1
1. Aa Aa
2. AA Aa
3. Aa AA
4. aa aa

21
1.
2.

3.

4.

Page 9
PAT2
22 mRNA AUGACUCGAUAACUG 26
1. 2
1. 5 ATGACTCGATAACTG 3 2
2. 5 ATGACTCGATAACTG 3 2.
3. 3
4. 2 3 3. NADPH II
NADP+
23
4.

27
1.

2.

3.
4.

28
14
1. A B C
2. A C
3. B C
4. C D

24

2
14
C
1. BC D
2. B F 1.
3. D E 2.
4. BD F 3.
4.
25
1. 29
G3P(PGAL)
2. RuBP
3. Rubisco
4. C4 PEP carboxylase Rubisco
2n
1.
2.
3.
4.

Page 10
PAT2
30 4 36
100 1.
2.
3.
4.

0 37
10 1.
2.
3.
4.
1. 1
2. 2
38
3. 3
1.
4. 4
2.
3.
31
4.

39
1.
2
2.
1.
3.
2.
4.
3.
4.
40

32
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.

33

1.
2.
3.
4.

34
1.
2.
3.
4.

35

2
1.
2.
3.
4.

Page 11
PAT2

2 4 3 2 1 1
4 4 2 3 3
,4

Page 12
PAT 2
PAT2
1 X 7

1.
2. 1.
3. 1:1
4. 2.
1:1
2 3.
2 1 1:1
4.
1. 1/4
2. 1/16
3. 1/32 8
4. 3/64 1.

3 Law of Segregation) 2.
1.
2. II 3.
3. I
4. II 4.

4 TtYy
9

1. 1/2
2. 3/4 A T
3. 3/16
4. 9/16
C G
5

G C

10
1.
2.
3. NADH
4. 4.

6
-A G T C A T G A-
-T C A G T A C T-

1. -A G T C A T G A-
2. -A G T C A T G A-
3. -T C A G T A C T-
4. 1 3

Page 14
PAT2
11 15
1.
2.
3.
4.

16
1. toxic goiter)
2.
3. myxedema)
4.

17

12
1.
2.
3.
1. 4.
2.
3. 18
4.
active immunization)
13
1.
2.
3. passive immunization)
4. 1.
2.
14 3.
4.

19

1.
2.
1 3.
2 4.
3 4
5 20
1. fertilization, binary fission
1. 2. regeneration, mitosis
2. 3. conjugation, parthenogenesis
3. 4. mitosis, meiosis
4.

Page 15
PAT2
21 24

7 9

1.
2.
3.
4.

22

1.
2.
3.
4.

25
A B
C D

1.
2.
3.
4.

23 2 1. -
2.

3.
K+
4.

26
1. primary xylem pith
2. pith primary xylem
3. pith pith 1.
4. xylem xylem 2.
3.
4.

27
1.

2.

3.

4.

Page 16
PAT2
28 intact thylakoid) 33
pH 7 pH 4
1 pH 8 1.
1 pH 8 2.
3.
4.

34
1,000
1.
2.
3.
4.

35
1.
2. ATP 1.
3. NADPH 2.
4. pH 3.
4.
29
36
1.
2.
1.
2. 3.
3.
4. 4.

30 V
v 37
1.
VVv Vvv 2.
vvv Vv 3.
vv 4.
1.
2. 38
3. 1.
4. 2.

31 3.
1.
2. 4.
3.
4.
39
32 1.
1.
2. 2.
3.
4. 3.

4.

Page 17
PAT2
40

1.
2
3.
4.

Page 18
PAT2

,2

2 4
4 1 1
,4 2

Page 19
PAT 2
PAT2
1 5 4 4
1. wet mount) 1- 4
light microscope)
2.
dark-field microscope)
3. smear)
stereo microscope)
4. smear)
fluorescence microscope)

2
1. 1. A
2. 2. C
3. 3. A B
4. 4. C D

6
A

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
B
4

osmosis)

1. A
2. B
3. C 1. 1 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
4. D 2 Growth hormone (GH)
2. 1 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
2 Thyroxin
3. 1 Growth hormone (GH)
2 Insulin
4. 1 Neurohormone
2 Growth hormone (GH)

Page 21
PAT2
7 action potential 12 A) a)
action potential B)
b)
B A
1.
2.
3.
4.

13
1. 1
2. 1
1. 70 mV
3. 1
2. 50 mV
4. 1
3. 40 mV
4. 20 mV
14 anti-A
anti-B
8 Transpiration guttation
AxB
A.
AB x A
B.
AB x B
C.
AB x O
1. A B
1.
2. B C
2.
3. A C
3.
4. A B C
4.
9
15 Galactosemia autosome 2,500
1

1. 50
2. 100
3. 150
4. 200

16 D
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

10 ATP ADP + Pi light reaction)

1.
2. 1. xylem
3. 2. phloem
3. xylem
4. 4. phloem

11

1. I
2. I
3. II
4. II

Page 22
PAT2
17 21
3 habitat

A Nicotinic acid Thiamine


B Thiamine -
C Thiamine Nicotinic acid
1. Basidiomycota) basidiospore)
2. Zygomycota) zygospore) A B A C
3. Deuteromycota)
4. Ascomycota) ascospore) 1. Parasitism, Mutualism
2. Commensalism, Mutualism
18 3. Parasitism, Commensalism
1. Cryptozona siamensis 4. Neutralism, Commensalism
2. Cryptozona siamensis
3. Cryptozona siamensis 22
4. Cryptozona Siamensis

19
2

1.
2.
3.
4.

20 2 1.
2 2.
UV A 3.
B 4.

A B 23 800 600
( 10 4
-
1. 0.75
2. 1.33
3. 15
4. 30

- 24
- - 1.
2.
- 3.
4.

25

DO mg/l BOD mg/l

A > 6.0 < 1.5

B > 4.0 > 2.0

C > 2.0 < 4.0

D < 2.0 > 4.0

Page 23
PAT2

4
2
3
1

Page 24
PAT 2
PAT2
1 5 4 4
1. 1-4
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

3 1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

6
mutation frequency)
1. I
2. I
1.
3. II
2.
4. II
3.
4.
7
1. salt gland)
4
2. rectal gland)
3.
4. pancreas)

8
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. N2
2. ethanol 9
3. glycerol 1. ATP
4.
2. CO2 CO2

3. pH
4. 1 2

10

1.
2.
3.
4.

Page 26
PAT2
11 D 17 radial symmetry)
gastrovascular cavity)
1. Ctenophora
2. Cnidaria
3. Porifera
4. Rotifera

18
1.
2.
3.
1. xylem 4.
2. phloem
3. xylem 19
4. phloem 1.
2.
12 3.
4.

20 2
1. 2
2. EMS X
3. Y
4. X
Y
13 (
1. 3 -
2.
3. 3 transcription)
4.
- -

-
14
- -
1. 1
2. 1
3. 1 21 Microcerotermes sp.
4. 1

15 1.
2.
1. 3.
2. 4.
3.
4. 22

16 pyrite
1 40,000
10,000 1. peat swamp forest)
1. 100 2. mangrove forest)
2. 150 3. tropical rain forest)
3. 200 4. dry evergreen forest)
4. 250

Page 27
PAT2
23 carrying capacity
environmental resistance)

1.

2.

3.

4.

24 trophic level)

1.
2.
3.
4.

25

DO mg/l BOD mg/l Faecal coliform MPN/ml

A > 2.0 > 4.0 4,000


B > 2.0 < 4.0 4,000
C > 4.0 < 2.0 4,000
D < 6.0 > 1.5 1,000

Page 28
PAT2

2
2
3
4

Page 29
PAT 2
PAT2
1 8
1.
1. 2.
2. 3. CO2
3. 4.
4.
9 lactic acid fermentation)
2 dialysis) alcoholic fermentation)
1.
2. 1.
3. 2.
4. 3.
4. NAD+ FADH2
3
10
1.
2.
3.
4. 2 3

11 2n

C
1.
2.
3. 1. , 2n = 4
4. 2. I , 2n = 4
3. I , 2n = 8
4 fluid mosaic model fluid) 4. II , 2n = 8
integrity)
12 A R
1.
2. V
3. A
4. A
1.
5 2.
1. - 3.
2. - 4.
3. -
4. -

6
1.
2.
3.
4.

7
1.
2.
3. Na+ / K+ pump
4. Ca2+

Page 31
PAT2
13 pedigree) generation) 20

1. 1.00
21
2. 0.75
1.
3. 0.50
2.
4. 0.25
3.
4.
14 genotype AaBbCc AABbCc
genotype AABBCC
22 A B
1. 1/64
1. Bacteria - Phage
2. 2/64
2. -
3. 3/64
3. -
4. 4/64
4. - Leptospira
15 autosome 20,000
23
18
1. 1,264
2. 1,211
1.
3. 1,164
2. rectal gland)
4. 664
3. nasal gland)
4. 1 2
16 ribosome DNA RNA
1. Leucoplast
24 Fixed action pattern (FAP)
2. Chromoplast
FAP
3. Chloroplast
1.
4. Tonoplast
2.
3.
17
4.
1.
2.
25
3. Coelom)
4.
1. sedimentation
2. amplification
18 nerve cord)
3. eutrophication
1.
4. biological magnification
2.
3.
4.
A Lysine Riboflavin
19 3 Archaea, Bacteria B Riboflavin Lysine
Eukarya 2
1. Plantae
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Monera

Page 32
PAT2

2
4
1
2

Page 33
PAT 2
PAT2

X
1.

100X
4.
9
gap junction action potential
extracellular matrix Na-K pump
2. 2. axon
axon
action potential node of Ranvier action
potential axon
acetylcholine action potential all or none
motor neuron
exocytosis
sample diffusion . budding
facilitate diffusion
active transport Cnidaria binary fission

toxin Ctenophore budding

tight junction binary fission


2. desmosome
3. hemidesmosome ,
4. plasmodesmata ,
,
5 ,
cellular aerobic respiration

glycolysis ATP
FAD
acetyl CoA NAD 1
,
,
,
, A B

Escherichia coli ii I AI B I AI A
BB
glycolipid II IA i IBi
2. aminoglycan 1.
3. phospholipid
4. peptidoglycan

BB
, Bb
, Bb
, bb
,

Page 35
PAT2
14 RNA

DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA

16
Reasoning
Habituation
Trial and error
Conditioning

exited state
reaction center
thylakoid membranes
- - 3.
- -
- -
- -
invasive alien species
Carboxylation
-phosphoglycerate 3PGA

Rubisco
4. carboxylation

vascular bundle

Page 36
PAT2

4
2
2
2

Page 37
PAT 2
PAT2
1 6
1.
2. HIV
3. 1. HIV
4. 2. HIV

2 3. HIV
1.
2. 4. HIV
3.
4.
7 3 3
1 400
3 2 400
3 1.5% 400
1. 30 3
2.
3.
4. 1. 1 , 2
2. 2 , 3
4 30 3. 3 , 1
30 4. 1 , 3

8 9
15
5 x 104 5
3
1
2 A
3 B
4 C
5 D
1. 1 48 72
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

5
pH x 105 1.4 x 105
2 x 105 2.1 x 105
4 x 105 8.4 x 105
1. pH 1.2 x 105 0.7 x 105
2 x 105 3.3 x 105
2. -
8
3. pH 1. A
2. B
4. 3. C
4. D

Page 39
PAT2
9 13
proliferation 2 1 2
1. A 6 6
2. B 3-8
3. C
4. D

10 11

18

1. 3 5
2. 4 7
3. 6 7
4. 6 8

14
B 4
C B 12 sex influenced)

10 5
1. 1 mRNA
2 3 DNA
4 5
2. 1
2 3 mRNA 1. 1/64
4 5 2. 1/32
3. 1 DNA 3. 3/64
2 3 4. 3/32
4 5 mRNA
4. 1 DNA 15 2
2 3 mRNA
A B
4 5
1.
11 A, B C
1. A
B C
2. A
B C
3. A 1. A B
B C 2. B A
4. A 3. A B
B C 4. A B

12 100
9 -
1. 200 18
2. homozygous dominant 42
3. heterozygous 49
4. 0.3

Page 40
PAT2
16 20
DNA replication) transcription)
1.
2.
3.
DNA template 4.

21

1.
2.
3.
4.

22 100

17 50
1. II I 50
2.
3. ATP ATP + Pi NADPH 2
NADP+ 1
4.

18 2

2
1.
2. 2
3.
4.

19

1.
2.
3.
4.

Page 41
PAT2
2
1. Allopatric speciation
2. Sympatric speciation
3. Autopolyploid speciation
4. Allopolyploid speciation

23

1.
2.

3.

4.

24

pH
7
1.
2.
3.
4.

25

climax community)

A B C

1.

2.

3.

4. A

Page 42
PAT2

2
1
2
1

Page 43
PAT 2
PAT2
1 6

1.
2.
1. 3.
2. 4.
3.
4. 7

2
1.
2.
3.
4.

8 allele)
1. locus
2.
1. 10
3. DNA
2. 20
4. 2
3. 10
gamete)
4. 20
9 recombinant plasmid)
3 5
1.
2. DNA
5
3.
4.
1.
10 cell cycle)
2.
PCR
PCR
3. 10%
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

1.
2.
3.
4.

Page 45
PAT2
11 14 X
10 species 1-10)

1
Species 1
TTTCAATTAA TAATGCTACT GTAAATCGAT TTTTTTCTAT TCATTTTA 1:1
Species 2
TTTCAATTAA TAATGCTACT TTGAATCGAA TTTTTTCTAT TCATTTTG 1. XRXRBB
Species 3 2. XRXrBB
TTTCTATTAA TAATGCTACT TTAAATCGAT TTTTTTCTAT TCATTTTA
3. XRXRBb
Species 4
TTTCAATTAA TAATGCTACT TTAAATCGAT TTTTTTCTAT TCATTTTA
4. XRXrBb
Species 5
TTTCTATTAA TAAAGCTGCT TTTGATCGAT TTGTTTCTAC TCATTTTG 15
2
Species 6 GGTACAACTT GCTATGACTT5
CCTGCGATCG CTCTACGATC TGGAGGCTAT TTGCGAATCC CTATTTCTTA DNA replication)
Species 7
CCTGCGTTCG CTCTACGCTC TGGAGGATAT TTGCGAATGC CTATTTCTTT 1. 2 1,020
Species 8 2. 2 1,020
CCTGTCGCCG CTCTACGATC TGGAGGAAAT TTGCGAATCC CTATTTCTTT
3. 2 1,020
Species 9
CATGTGGGTT CTGTTCCTTA TCGGGGGGAT GTGCGGATCC CTATTTCTTA
4. 1
Species 10 1,020
CATGTATCGG TTCTGTTCCT AACATGTGAG GTTCTGTTGC TAACATGTAA
16 1

1. species 2 species 4 .....G G T A C A A T G C A C T T...... 5


2. species 6 species 7 DNA template)
3. species 1 species 10 transcription) translation)
4. 1 3
1. 335
12 2. 336
3. 337
1. 4. 338
2.
3. 17
4. 1.
2.
13 3.
4.

1:1 18

1. backcross) homozygous
dominant
2. backcross) heterozygous 1. - - -
3. testcross) homozygous 2. - - -
dominant 3. - - -
4. testcross) heterozygous 4. - - -

Page 46
PAT2
19 25
1.
2. 1.
3. 2.
4.
3.
20
1. 4.

2.
I I
3. II
II

4. NADPH
ATP ATP
NADPH

21 Oryza sativa
Avena sativa

1. genus species
2. species genus
3. genus species
4. genus species

22 biomass)

1.
2.
3.
4.

23

1. limiting factor)
2. carrying capacity)
3. population density)
4. environmental resistance)

24

1.
2.
3.
4.

Page 47
PAT2

4
4
3
3

Page 48
PAT 2
PAT2
1 7
(
(
(

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2 20 8
23 20 1.
1 2.
3.
4.
1.
2. 9
3. interstitial fluid)
4.

3 1. hyperpolarization)
2. depolarization)
1. 3. repolarization)
2. 4. threshold
3.
4. 10

4 1.
1. 2. LH
2. 3.
3. 4. 1
4.
11
5
1.
1. 2.
2.
3. 3.
4.
4.
6

12
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. - -
2. - -
3. - -
4. - -

Page 50
PAT2
13 antenna 18 mRNA
1. stroma)
2. UACGUAUGCGGUACCCUAUGCCGUUAACUUAGUCCCAUGCGUAUGCAU
thylakoid membrane)
3. translation) tRNA 2 3
reaction center) mRNA 2 3
4.
chloroplast outer membrane)

14
1.
2.
1. tRNA CAU ACG
3.
His-Thr
4.
2. tRNA CAU ACG
Val-Cys
15
3. tRNA GCC AUG
Ala-Met
4. tRNA GCC AUG
Arg-Tyr

19 selective pressure)

I-2 1.
1. , Aa 2. fitness)
A a
2. ,XX 3.
3. , aa
a a
4. ,XX 4.

16
restriction enzyme 20 sporophyte)
DNA ligase gametophyte)
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
helicase
recombinant DNA) 1.
1. 2.
2. 3.
3. 4.
4.
21 carrying capacity)
17 F1 1.
F1 F2 2.
9 3.
4.

22

1.
1. 1 2. open ocean)
2. 2 3. tropical rain forest)
3. 4
4. 6 4.

Page 51
PAT2
23
1.
2.
3.
4.

24

1.
2.
3.
4.

25
1. Primordial germ cell
2. Secondary oocyte
3. Spermatid
4. Polar body

Page 52
PAT2

1
1
4
1

Page 53
PAT 2
PAT2
1 9

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2 2
3 8 10
1.
2. 1. Cri du chat syndrome
3. 2. Turner syndrome
4. 3. Edwards syndrome
4. Down syndrome
3
1. - 11 seminiferous tubule
2. -
3. -
4. -

1.
2.
3. A, B C
4. 1.
2.
5 3.
1. 4.
2.
3. 12
4. 2:1 1,200

6 1. 200
2. 400
1. 3. 600
2. 4.
3.
4. 13

7 6 1:1

1. 3
2. 6 1:2:1
3. 8 complete dominance
4. 12 incomplete dominance
homozygous
8 heterozygous
1.
2.
3.
4. 1.
2.
3.
4.

Page 55
PAT2
14 3 7 19
homozygous dominant AABBCC 1.
5 5 1 2.
AABBCc 3.
4 4 2 4.
AABbCc
3 3 3 20
AABbcc
2 2 4 1.
AaBbcc 2.
1 1 5 3.
Aabbcc
homozygous recessive aabbcc 4.
2 homozygous
3 heterozygous
3 21
1. 3/8 1.
2. 2/8 2.
3. 1/8 3.
4. 1/16 4.

15 22
1.
2. 1.
3. 2.
4. 3.
4.
16 C4 2
23
1.
2. 1.
2.
3. 3.
4. 5
4.
24
RuBP

17 1.
1. NADP+ NADPH 2.
2. 3.
3. 4.

4.
I 25

18 1.

1. 2.
2.
3. 3.
4.
4.
biomagnification)

Page 56
PAT2

,2,3,4 2
,2
2
3

Page 57
PAT 2
PAT2
1 7
-- NADP+ NADPH
- - - - 2. II

ATP

ATP

pollen

DNA
2.

ATP

Drosophila melanogaster
meiosis
meiosis I meiosis II

O A
AB
A
vessel member A
companion cell A
2. sieve tube member A
companion cell
3. companion cell
sieve tube member
4. sieve tube member
vessel member

Page 59
PAT2
16
autosomal recessive C
carrier AxB
, FSH
, LH
, TSH
, GnRH

C
tetrodotoxin

A B
1. 1/4
2. 1/6
3. 1/8
4. 1/12

14 E.coli

- Ala - Pro - Trp - Ser -Glu - Lys - Cys - His -


Mutant 1 - Ala - Pro - Trp - Arg -Glu - Lys - Cys - His -
Mutant 2 - Ala - Pro -

Australopithecus

Mutant 3 - Ala - Pro - Gly - Val - Lys - Asn - Val -


Mutant 4 - Ala - Pro - Trp - Phe -Phe - Thr - Cys - His -

base-pair substation
Mutant 1
Mutant 3
Mutant 1
Mutant 2

15 DNA double helix DNA


AACGGGTTTATGCGT
DNA complementary base pair
TTGCCCAAATACGCA 3 strobilus
ACGCATAAACCCGTT 3
ACGCATAAACCCGTT 5
AACGGGTTTATGCGT 5

Page 60
PAT2
23

true density
crude density
ecological density
relative density

food web

A
B
A

A B
B
B

Page 61
PAT2

4
3
1
4

Page 62
PAT 2
PAT2
7
bundle sheath

n = 12
2. n = 24
n = 12
n = 24

8
F
F
F
F
4. F

C+ Wild-type
Cch Chinchilla
Ch Himalayan
c Albino

C+ > Cch > Ch > c Wild-type


Wild-type Chinchilla
I :1
C+ Cch × C+ C+
C+ Cch × C+ Cch
NADP C+ c × C + Ch
II 4. C+ c × C+ c
II
10 autosomal recessive
5 CAM gene III-1

RUBP I

II

III ?

3. 1/8
4. 1/12

Page 64
PAT2
11 genetic variation
-TACTTATATACTACAAAGCCGATCGGGCATCTG-3 conjugetion

spermatheca

20
1.

2.

22

gap junction
2. 23

TSH
TSH
TSH %
TSH
TSH

,000
- ,
1.
2.

Page 65
PAT2

1) 2 2) 3 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2 6) 4
7) 1 8) 2 9) 2 10) 1 11) 3 12) 4
13) 1 14) 3 15) 3 16) 1 17) 4 18) -
19) 4 20) 2 21) 4 22) 4 23) 3 24) 1
25) 4

Page 66
PAT 2
PAT2
1 8

1. glucagon -
2. thyroid hormone -
3. aldosterone
4. somatotropin

9
1.
2.
3.
1. 4.
2.
3. 10
4. lumen)
1. ATP
2. NADPH
3 3.
4. ATP

1.
2. CAM)
3. CO2 1. vacuole)
4. O2 2. (cytosol)
3. chloroplast)
4 4. leucoplast)

1. 12
2.
3. 1
4. 2 3

5
1.
2.
3.
4.

6
1.
1. sarcomere myofibril .
2. myofibril 3.
3. myofibril 4.
4.
13 2n = 28
(linkage group)
1. 7
2. 14
1. 3. 28
2. 4. 56
3.
4.

Page 68
PAT2
MN 20
- M 23.04 MN I II
49.92 N 27.04 M N III

1. 1
2. 0.23 0.27
3. 0.48 0.52
4. 05 0.5

15 4
2 2

I II
1. BB+ BB+ 2. II III
2. B+B+ BB+ 3. I
3. B+B+ BB III
4. BB+ B+B+
21
16 DNA
G 32 1 1.
DNA 2.
1. 16 3.
2. 18 4.
3. 32
4. 36 22 2
1
17 1
hermaphrodite)
1. 1. 3 32
2. 2. 5 64
3. parthenogensis) 3.
4. 2 4.

18 23

1. primary consumer)
2. 2 I II 1.
3. 2.
4. 3.
4.
19
1. eutrophication)
2.
3. 1.
2.
4. 3.
4.

Page 69
PAT2
25

1.
2.
3.
4.

1) 3 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2 5) 3 6) 3
7) 3 8) 1 9) 2 10) 3 11) 1 12) 1
13) 2 14) 3 15) 1 16) 2 17) 1 18) 3
19) 4 20) 3 21) 2 22) 3 23) 1 24) 1
25)

Page 70
PAT 2
PAT2
1 7 2

1
2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2

8
2
NADP+

ATP CO2

O2

3 A B
A B
A B

B A

A B 10

B A

11

mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

12

6
2

Selaginela)
Psilotum)
Lycopodians)
Equisettium)

Page 72
PAT2
13

1. insulin - glucagon
calcitonin - parathyroid hormone
3. aldosterone - antidiuretic hormone
4. parathyroid hormone - thyroid hormone

14 - DNA replication)
1. n
2.
A = DNA ligase
4. B = DNA polymerase III
C = helicase
15 D = primase
1.
2. a= replication fork
Ca2+ b=
c=
d=
A - a, B - b , C - c , D - d
16 Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae) A-b,B-c,C-d,D-a
A c,B-d,C-a,D-b
A-d,B-c,C-a,D-b

22 Y) y)
W) w)

17 YW/yw)
yw/yw) 4

18 23
F2 125 2

F1 F2 7

800
400

19 mRNA 24
3
. 5 diatoms)
5' green plants)
4. dinoflagellate)
bacteria and fungi)

Page 73
PAT2
25

1) 4 2) 2 3) 4 4) 1 5) 1 6) 1
7) 4 8) 1 9) 1 10) 2 11) 4 12) 3
13) 2 14) 3 15) 1 16) 4 17) 2 18) 3
19) 1 20) 3 21) 4 22) 1 23) 2 24) 1
25) 4

Page 74
PAT 2
PAT2
1 5

A
calcium oxalate
B
.

light reaction)
A ATP
B
A II
B II I
+
A NADP NADPH
B
A
B
A
B

1.
F1 F
3. F F
4. :1

1. 1 3
2. 1 4 genetic varia
3. 2 4 dominant trait
4. 1, 2 3 recessive trait
5. 2, 3 4 F1 cross fertilization
F1 heterozygous
4 homozygous
,

1. 2
2.

3.

4.

5.

Page 76
PAT2
9 Y) I , II , III , IV V
y) A, B C X, Y
S) Z
s)
Y S
YySs) I II III IV V
X A
ysys) 4 B
C
YSYS) Y A
4 B
C
Z A
ysys) 2
B
C
YSYS)
2

ysys)
1. X,Y,Z
10
2. Y,Z,X
F1
3. Z,Y,X
F1 F2
4. Z,Y,X
5. Y,X,Z
: 3:1
13 I
1. Y - linked trait
X
2. X - linked trait
X I
3. Polygenic trait
I 0
4. Sex - limited trait
II 54
5. Sex - influenced trait
III 8
11 n = 14 IV 148
( nondisjunction) V 52
II
II
13 III
14 IV
15 V
21 II V

14

luteinizing hormone (LH)


follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
4.
5. LH

15

4.

Page 77
PAT2
16 17
2
.

hormone antidiuretic hormone

artery arteriole
venule arteriole
venule
vein interstitial fluid
vena cava

Page 78
PAT2
Hypothalamus pitutary
A B C

Hypothalamus
B
Pitutary
C
A

A B C
arginine vasopressin anti-diuretic hormone
gonadotropin releasing luteinizing hormone
hormone
gonadotropin releasing follicle stimulating
hormone hormone
thyrotropin releasing thyroid stimulating
hormone hormone
corticotropin releasing adenocorticotropic
hormone hormone

22

omnivore

( trophic level )

1 (type I curve)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

acid rain)

Page 79
PAT2

1) 1 2) 1 3) 2 4) 5 5) 4 6) 1
7) 3 8) 3 9) 1 10) 4 11) 4 12) 2
13) 2 14) 3 15) 5 16) 1 17) 2 18) 5
19) 4 20) 5 21) 1 22) 3 23) 4 24) 3
25) 5

Page 80
PAT 2
PAT2
1 6 pollen

.
2
AaBb homologous chromosome
I

ATP NADPH

Page 82
PAT2
13
A:
F1 F2 1.

:4:6:4:1
B:
F1 F
:2:1

A B

14

10 DNA
-
C
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA ATGC

.
.

17
3.5

A
B
C
D E
ABCD E

Page 83
PAT2
action potential axon hillock
AB C axon axon
threshold

action potential axon


action potential axon hillock
B
action potential axon hillock
C - depolarization axon
action potential axon
depolarization axon hillock
action potential axon action
A potential axon hillock
A
B 22
B
C
. taiga)
19 . tundra)
savanna)
. tropical rain forest)
. temperate deciduous forest)
cholecystokinin
. glucagon 23 A community A B
. secretin community B
insulin
gastrin A B
A B
A B
20 food web A B
5. A B

5
100 1
6 2

0.6
4
25

, ,
, , carrying capacity)
, ,
, , 25
, ,
acid rain)
global warming)
eutrophication)
ozone depletion)
coral bleaching)

Page 84
PAT2

1) 4 2) 2 3) 4 4) 1 5) 1 6) 1
7) 4 8) 1 9) 1 10) 2 11) 4 12) 3
13) 2 14) 3 15) 1 16) 4 17) 2 18) 3
19) 1 20) 3 21) 4 22) 1 23) 2 24) 1
25)

Page 85
PAT 2
PAT2
1
1. A

2. B

1. 3. C -
2.
3. 4. D

4. 5. E

5.
6

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

7
1.
2. 1.
3. 2.
4. 3. DNA
5. 4.
5.
3
8
1.

2.

1. 3.
2.
3. 4.

4. 5.

5.
9
1.
4 2.
II 3.
4.
1. 5.

2.

3.

4.

5.
II

Page 87
PAT2
10 15
1. 1.
2. 2.
3.
3. 1 4.
4 5.
4.
16
5. 1.
2.
3.
11 4.
5.
1.
2. 17
3. 1.
4. 2.
5. 3.
4.
12 2551 Barbuourula 5.
kalimantanensis
18 X
glottis)
Barbuourula kalimantanensis 1.
2. carrier
1. 3. carrier 25 %
2. 4. carrier 50 %
3. 5. carrier 100 %
4.
5. cloaca) 19 sex influenced
heterozygous
13
1. 0
1. 2. 1/4
2. 3. 1/2
3. 4. 3/4
4. 5. 1
5.
20 DNA (DNA replication)
14 2 1. DNA polynucleotide 1
1
2. Ligase lagging strand
leading strand
3. DNA polymerase leading strand
3 5
4. nucleotide DNA template A
U C G
5. polynucleotide 2 polynucleotide
DNA template
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. -

Page 88
PAT2
21 DNA PCR

1. restriction enzyme, plasmid, nucleotides DNA template


2. DNA template, primers, nucleotides DNA polymerase
3. recombinant DNA, primers DNA polymerase
4. DNA template, plasmid, primers nucleotides
5. DNA polymerase, primers nucleotides

22

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

23

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

24
1. lag phase exponential
growth phase
2. lag phase exponential
growth phase
3. lag phase exponential
growth phase
4. lag phase
exponential growth phase
5. lag phase
exponential growth phase

25 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1) 3 2) 1 3) 5 4) 3 5) 5 6) 1
7) 3 8) 2 9) 5 10) 5 11) 1 12) 4
13) 2 14) 4 15) 3 16) 3 17) 2 18) 4
19) 2 20) 1 21) 2 22) 5 23) 5 24) 1
25) 2

Page 89
PAT 2
PAT2

albino)
ATP

ATP NADPH

Page 91
PAT2
16
BT
1. Flavr Savr

genetically modified organism : GMOs


1.
B A B
A

1. IBIB I AI A IBIB IA IA
2. IBi I Ai IBIB IA IA
3. IBi I AI A IBi IA IA
4. IBIB I Ai IBIB IA i
5. IBi I Ai IBi IA i

13 x

carrier
x - BCG

14 transcription

DNA polymerase
polynucleotide 2 polynucleotide
DNA template
Na+
C
GG CU A A T

4. 4

15 DNA

gene
2. Genome
3. chromatin
4. Nucleotide
5. nucleosome

Page 92
PAT2

, , ,

Predation
2. mutualism
3. Parasitism
4. Competition
5. Commensalism

25

rigor mortis

Ca
2. ATP Ca
ATP Ca
ATP Ca
ATP Ca

Page 93
PAT2

1
5
3
3
3

Page 94
PAT 2
PAT2
1

1.

2. 3

3.

4.

5.

5.
2

C C
5 C C
CO C C
CO C C
C CO C
10 1
C CO
C CO

domain)

8 2
A1 A2) Z)
F1 F2

- F2
F1
A1 x Z
ATP ATP synthase A2 x Z
CO RuBP rubisco
A A
ATP NADPH
RuBP CO F
Z homozygous recessive
A

Page 96
PAT2
9 Tay - Sachs

Tay - Sachs
1 10000

bottleneck effect)
100

I| - 2 || - 3 )
I-1 | - 2) II - 1)
I-3 I - 4) I - 4)
II - 5)
l-1 AA Aa 1:1 0.01
ll - 2 AA Aa 1:2
lll - 1 3:1 0.0198
l-3 heterozygous
ll - 4 homozygous 1. 0
2. 1
1. 3. 2
2. 4. 3
3. 5. 4
4.
5.
12

1.
2. -
3. -
4.
5.

mRNA 3 AAUTTCGCACCGGUCGUA 5
mRNA

mRNA 5
tRNA CGT3 mRNA 1

tRNA

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5

Page 97
PAT2
13 agglutination)

A + anti-A + agglutination
B + anti-B + agglutination
Rh + anti-D + agglutination 1. cortisol
2. epinephrine
3. norepinephrine
4. antidiuretic hormone
agglutination 5. thyroxine
5
O Rh-

anti-A anti-B anti-d


1.

2.

17

bufotoxin
3. sodium-potassium
pump
bufotoxin

1. Na+ K+
4.
2. Na+ K+
+
3. Na K+
4. Na+ K+
5.

5.
1.
2.
3.

4.
14 5.
6 2000
2400 19 5-7

1.
1. glomerulus 2. DNA
2. proximal convoluted tubule 3. DNA
3. loop of Henle 4.
4. distal convoluted tubule 5.
5. collecting duct

20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Page 98
PAT2
21 25
1. 44
2
2.

3.

4.
5.

22

1.
1. 2.
2. 3.
3. 4.
4. 5.
5.
27
23 Balanus sp.
Chthamalus sp.

Chthamalus sp. Balanus sp.


Balanus sp.
Chihamalus sp.
Balanus sp.
1.
2.
3. 28
4. Chihamalus sp. leaf senescence)
5.
Chthamalus sp. carotenoid chromoplast
anthocyanin vacuole
24

1. chlorophyll chloroplast
2. carotenoid chromoplast
3. carotenoid chloroplast
1. 4. chlorophyll vacuole
2. 5. anthocyanin vacuole
3.
4.
5.

Page 99
PAT2
29 DNA X 2 Xhol 31
Apal DNA DNA
4 65 200 mm3 1g
3 3,500 mm3 1g
1
2 xhol
3 Apal
4 xhol Apal
kg cm2
cm2 / kg mm3 /g /hr
24.00 8,805 366
3.19 2,423 726
19.80 7,500 379
18.20 7,662 421
9.61 5,286 550
6.50 3,724 573
3.12 2,345 751
1. 1, 2 4 2
DNA DNA 48.5 kb
3 23.4, 15 10.1 kb 1. >
2. 1 2 DNA X 48.5 kb 2. >
Xhol DNA X 2 3. >
3. 2, 3 4 DNA 33.5 kb 4. >
Apal DNA 2 23.4 10.1 kb 5. >
4. 2 3 Xhol Apal
DNA X
5. 4 DNA 23.44 kb

mmHg mmHg
760
700
587
272

104 mmHg

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Page 100
PAT2

4
1
1
2
5
31

Page 101
PAT 2

6
6
PAT2
1 3

Page 103
6
PAT2
5 antenna) 7
A

6 C 8

III- heterozygous

Page 104
6
PAT2
9 karyotype) 11

hydrogen bond) (

Klinefelter syndrome Edwards syndrome


Down syndrome Patau syndrome
Turner syndrome C, G, A, T, T, A
G, C, T, A, A, T
A, T, C, G, G, C
T, A, C, G, G, C
A, G, A, C, T, A

10 A mRNA 12
' AUCUGCAUGCCAUCGUCCACAACUUAGUAA '
mRNA mRNA
A

K+

Na+
H+

Page 105
6
PAT2
13 15 Clostridium tetani

actin myosin

calcium pump Ca
action potential
Ca endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm

14 6

Page 106
6
PAT2
17 19

cortisol estrogen
aldosterone testosterone 1
progesterone 1 r 2 r
0.8 0.2
0.4 0.6
0.6 0.8
0.9 0.5
2
1 r 2 r
0.4 0.8
0.2 0.9
0.8 0.3
0.7 0.9

18 20

DNA

Page 107
6
PAT2
21 23
-
. . 1990

( ) . . 1990-1995 (%)
FSH
648 3.01

3,108 1.82

-
,

22 24

Page 108
6
PAT2
25 27) 4 3

2 1

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

26) 28) 3

1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Page 109
6
PAT2
29) 31)
1
3
1( 10 0
2( 10 10
1 Gelfitinib EGFR
Herceptin HER2
Gleevec
translocation)

1. BRCA1
2. oocyte
3.
4. Herceptin
5. Herceptin
Herceptin Herceptin

Gelfitinib Gleevec
Herceptin

1. 0 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 4

30) A

A -72 mV
threshold -57 mV
1 A
1 mV
1 A
0.5 mV
1 A
-0.5 mV

A action potential

Page 110
6
PAT2

3 3 2 1 3
3 3 4 3
3 1 3 4 5 2
2 1 4 ,5 1
3 26 5 7 4 8 3 9 4 30 2
31 3

Page 111
PAT 2

63
PAT2

NADP+
ADP ATP

CO2
NAD+ NADH
NADP

Page 103
PAT2

Eukarya

Page 104
PAT2
mmSsDd
MmSsDd DNA replication lagging strand
leading strand
mmssdd DNA replication
1. 1/4 Okazaki
2. 1/8 3. transcription
3. 1/16 transcription
4. 1/32 5
5. 1/64 5. transcription RNA Polymerase

A mRNA
AUCUGCAUGCCAUCGUCCACAACUUAGUAA 3
mRNA

II-3 II-4

mRNA
Met 2. Pro
3. Ser 4. Thr
5. Ala

Page 105
PAT2

I
II

I n
2n

( ) (Cm3 )

I 30-60 30-60 400 400


II 40-50 40-50 650-800 650-800
III 55 55 800-1,000 800-1,000
IV 65 58 1,400 1,300

A, B, C D
I, II, III IV 2. I, III, II IV
3. IV, II, III I 4. IV, III, II I
5. III, I, IV II

Page 106
PAT2
A antibiotics

LH -

-
A

A
2. A, B D
3. A, C D
4. A, B C
5. A B

Page 107
PAT2

A C
2. B A
3. B D
4. C B
5. D A

,800

Page 108
PAT2

1.
1

2.

3. 5
sclerenchyma
4. 5

5. 2

A1
Amazon)
1 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A1

2 A1
3 A1 1.
recombinant DNA 2. ATP
4 recombinant DNA 3. NADPH
5 A1 4. CO2
4 5. ATP CO2

A1
A1

A1
A1

A1
A1

A1
A1

A1

Page 109
PAT2

2 A 1 B 2
1.5
A
B

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1
A acetylcholine

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.
2.
3.
4. pH
5.

Page 110
PAT2

Page 111
PAT 2

64
PAT2
A 3 DO

x x

2
3
DO

DO

DO

DO

DO

- 4

AB C

Page 103
PAT2
7 4
13 - 0 - 46 :
18 - 46 0 :
- 0 - 0 - 60 :
46 - 0 - 0 :

3 NP K
clear zone)

cm)
40 - 50

1 15 - 20

2 35 - 40
3 15 - 20

1. 13 - 0 - 46 1
2. 18 - 46 - 0 1
3. 0 - 0 - 60 3
4. 46 - 0 - 0 2
5. 0 - 0 - 60 46 - 0 - 0 1

8 phototropin 1 (PHOT1) phototropin 2 (PHOT2)


2
Arabidopsis thaliana
PHOT1 PHOT2
apical dominance)
3

1: PHOT PHOT2 90
2 : phot1 mutant - PHOT2 60
3 : phot2 mutant PHOT1 - 30
4 : phot1phot2 double mutant - - 0

PHOT1
PHOT2
1. PHOT1 PHOT2
2. PHOT2 PHOT1
3. PHOT1 PHOT2

4. PHOT1 PHOT2

5. PHOT1 PHOT2

Page 104
PAT2
9 x

1.
2.
3. 25% 1. 10:30 16:00 06:00 12:00
4. 50% 2. 10:30 16:00 09:00 14:00
5. 75% 3. 08:00 13:00 06:00 12:00
4. 08:00 13:00 09:00 14:00
5. 09:00 14:00 10:30 16:00

10 12
IgM ( ) IgG ( ) -19
1

°C)

1 06:00 25 1
2 12:00 25 1
IgM M IgG 3 06:00 20 1
G IgM IgG C 4 12:00 20 1
5 06:00 25
4 6 12:00 25
2019 7 06:00 20
8 12:00 20

1. 10
2. 10 1
3.
1. 1
4.
2. 2 IgM
3. 3
5.
4. 3 2
5. 4 3

Page 105
PAT2
14 Flow cytometry
2 FSC (forward scatter)
SSC (side scatter)
cell complexity)
3
1
1

flow cytometry 3

5
OPQR S

AB C
A B C
1.
1. 1 4
2. 1 5 2.
3. II 3 5 3.
4. 4
4.
S
5. 1 5.

Page 106
PAT2
15 1 16 pure culture) 5
1,800,000

1.
2.
3.
4.
A
5.
DNA

B
DNA
C
DNA
D

DNA

DNA

1. A

2. B DNA
3. C

4. C D
5. E RNA

Page 107
PAT2

5
1

Page 108

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