‫‪0‬‬

‫أغسطس ‪ / 2023‬محرم ‪1445‬‬

 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 5
Passage 1 (‫)تقرير السفر‬

1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In
2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people
go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States
is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was
third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans
spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6billion in other
countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third:
they spent $37.0 billion.
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada
136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries
in Europe, but about 26of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all
over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia.
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business
immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States.
many people are their families.
21. How much did people spend on travel in 2005? ‫؟‬2005 ‫كم أنفق الناس على السفر في عام‬
A. 3.2 billion
B. 4.2 trillion
C. 3.4 trillion
D. 3.2 trillion
22. The third most popular country people visit is……… ...‫ثالث أشهر بلد يزوره الناس هو‬
A. France
B. China
C. Italy
D. Spain
23. Who spends the most money on trips? ‫من ينفق أكبر قدر من المال في الرحلات؟‬
A. Americans
B. Germans
C. Japanese
D. French

1
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

24. To what country do Americans travel the most? ‫إلى أي دولة يسافر الأمريكيون أكثر؟‬
A. France
B. Japan
C. Canada
D. Mexico
25. Germans like to visit the most. ....... ‫يحب الألمان زيارة أكثر شئ‬
A. countries in Asia
B. Mexico and Canada
C. countries in Europe
D. United States and France
26. Who travel more than other people? ‫من يسافر أكثر من غيره؟‬
A. Europeans and some Asians
B. Japanese and Germans
C. Americans
D. Europeans

Passage 2 (‫)اعلان البستاني‬

LANDSCAPE GARDENING
For residential gardens only.
Planting, design, irrigation, innovation.
Call 4531122
Weekdays only, after 7 PM
Min. SR 50 per hour
27. This gardener wants to work at……… ‫هذا البستاني يريد العمل في‬
A. a residence
B. a hospital
C. an office
D. a farm
28. When can the gardener be contacted? ‫متى يمكن الاتصال بالبستاني؟‬
A. weekday evenings
B. weekend evenings
C. any time
D. Saturday

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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 3 (‫)القائد البحري العثماني بيري ريس‬

1) Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as the
author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world maps are
even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to geography
2) In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler. It
gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the
important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer. He
used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek maps,
to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first
world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on
gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around
the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library
of France in Paris.

29. What is the book of Piri Reis about? ‫ما هو موضوع كتاب بيري ريس؟‬
A. Sultan Suleiman
B. the Turkish navy
C. ships and sea travel
D. libraries and museums
30. In which fields did Piri Reis contribute to knowledge? ‫في أي مجالات ساهم بيري ريس في المعرفة؟‬
A. navigation and geography
B. geology and cartography
C. exploration and science
D. history and literature
31. When did Piri Reis give a copy of Kitab-Al- Bahriye to Sultan Suleiman?
‫متى أعطى بيري ريس نسخة من كتاب البحرية للسلطان سليمان؟‬
A. 1513
B. 1525
C. 1531
D. D – 1552

3
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

32. The word cartographer in Paragraph 3 meaning to……….. ..‫ تعني‬3 ‫كلمة رسام الخرائط في الفقرة‬
A. ship maker
B. map maker
C. navigator
D. sailor

Passage 4 (‫)رحلة طيران وهبوط اضطراري‬

An Air India flight bound for New Delhi with 130 people onboard made an emergency landing in
southern Pakistan last week due to technical problems, aviation officials said. The Airbus A320
from Abu Dhabi made the unscheduled stop at Nawabshah airport, around 230 kilometers
northeast of the port city of Karachi, Pakistan.

33. The flight was going to………… ‫كانت الرحلة متجهة إلى‬
A. Abu Dhabi
B. Karachi
C. Nawabshah
D. New Delhi
34. The word unscheduled in the passage is closest in meaning to………..
..... ‫كلمة غير مجدول في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A. NOT planned
B. NOT timed
C. extra
D. long

Passage 5 (‫)شركة حجز خدمات جوية اضافيه‬

No matter whether you're travelling for work or pleasure, wouldn’t you value the option to tailor
your journey in accordance with your personal preferences and requirements? That’s exact why
we developed our Red Services: a range of highly practical extra services that you can book along
with your flight, as and when you need them.

35. Which method of travel does the passage talk about? ‫ما هي طريقة السفر التي يتحدث عنها‬
‫المقطع؟‬
A. road
B. rail
C. sea
D. air
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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

36. What does the passage give information about? ‫القطعه تعطي معلومات عن؟‬
A. valuable items
B. booking methods
C. personalized services
D. product requirements

Passage 6 (‫)دمى الماتريوشكا‬

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The
word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll
set in Russia was carved in1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who
was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long
traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a
smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The
number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several
dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but
this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of
figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The
form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from
Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round,
hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin"'s creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris,
where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several
places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.

5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the
leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the
largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov
and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective
terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

37. The best title for this passage is……….. ......‫أفضل عنوان لهذا المقطع هو‬
A. Arts and Crafts
B. Children's Toys

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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. Modern Handicrafts
D. Russian Wood figurines
38. The purpose of Paragraph 1) is to……… .........‫) هو‬1( ‫الغرض من البرقراف‬
A. describe traditional Russian clothes.
B. describe the origin and appearance of the dolls in Russia.
C. provide a profile of Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin.
D. provide an explanation of the Russian name Matryona.
39. The word carved in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to……… ‫) هي‬1( ‫كلمة منحوتة في برقراف‬
....... ‫الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A. sourced
B. planned
C. shaped
D. copied
40. According to Part2), what is required for a set to have a large number of nesting dolls?
‫ ما هو المطلوب لمجموعة تحتوي على عدد كبير من الدمى القطنيه؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للجزء‬
A. wooden figures
B. expert workmen
C. cylindrical form
D. NO protruding features
41. The word this in Paragraph 2) refers to……….. .....‫) تشير إلى‬2( ‫كلمة هذا في البرقراف‬
A. modem dolls
B. several dozen
C. absolute rule
D. odd numbers
42. According to Paragraph 3), the idea of nesting dolls most likely started in………
........‫ بدأت فكرة الدمى القطنيه على الأرجح في‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. Paris
B. Japan
C. Russia
D. America
43. According to Paragraph 5), some rulers are excluded from being made into dolls because they
…… .........‫) ُيستثنى من صنع الدمى بعض الحكام لأنهم‬5( ‫وفق للبرقراف‬
A. were the smallest
B. were NOT Soviet leaders
C. were NOT in power for long
D. are NOT part of the common theme

6
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 7 (‫) تلوث الهواء‬

1) Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that
indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study,
researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to
conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and
other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most
people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy
costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic man-made)
chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful
elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in
buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome.
2) The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three
main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles
smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde,
radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products,
carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous
pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or
wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from
cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans.
3) Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies,
headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor
air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore
throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne
particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer.
4) There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings
healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using
plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this
method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the
air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten
minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do
not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as
cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your

7
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them
often.

44. Which paragraph discusses the origins of indoor air Pollution? ‫أي برقراف يناقش أصول تلوث‬
‫الهواء الداخلي؟‬
A. Paragraph (1)
B. Paragraph (2)
C. Paragraph (3)
D. Paragraph (4)
45. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1)? ‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
A. Air pollution is more dangerous outdoors than indoors.
B. Air pollution is less dangerous in the USA than in India.
C. Air pollution is more dangerous indoors than outdoors.
D. Air pollution is less dangerous in offices than in homes.
46. According to Paragraph 1), in the 2009 study, how many chemicals did the researchers find in
the indoor air? ‫ كم عدد المواد الكيميائية التي وجدها الباحثون في‬، 2009 ‫ في دراسة عام‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫الهواء الداخلي؟‬
A. 52
B. 90
C. 300
D. 586
47. According to Paragraph 2), which of the following are sources of VOCs? ‫ أي‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫مما يلي هو مصادر المركبات العضوية المتطايرة؟‬
a) cooking stoves and Teflon pans
b) photocopiers and computers
c) radon and formaldehyde
d) paints and furniture
48. According to Par 4), where are plants being used successfully to keep the air healthy?
‫ أين يتم استخدام النباتات بنجاح للحفاظ على صحة الهواء؟‬، )4( ‫وفق للبرقراف‬
A. in a research center in the USA
B. in a business center in India
C. in offices in America
D. in typical homes in Arizona

8
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

49. Which word in Paragraph 4) is the opposite of synthetic in meaning?

‫) هي عكس كلمة اصطناعي في المعنى؟‬4( ‫أي كلمة في البرقراف‬
A. toxic
B. wood
C. simple
D. natural
50. According to the passage, which of the following are NOT air pollutants?
‫ أي مما يلي ليس ملوثات للهواء؟‬، ‫حسب القطعه‬
A. allergies
B. viruses
C. smoke
D. gases
51. The passage suggests we should NOT use in our homes.
.......‫يشير المقطع إلى أنه لا ينبغي أن نستخدم في منازلنا‬
A. furniture
B. computers
C. heating stoves
D. synthetic materials

Passage 8 (‫) اللغة العربية الرسمية واللهجات‬

1) The Arabic language has official status in over 20countries and is spoken by more than 250 million
people. However, the term "Arabic language" itself is used rather loosely and refers to different
varieties of the language. Arabic is characterized by an interesting linguistic dichotomy: the written
form of the language, Modem Standard Arabic MSA), differs in a non-trivial fashion from the
various spoken varieties of Arabic, each of which is a regional dialect. MSA is the only variety that
is standardized, regulated, and taught in schools. This is necessitated because of its use in written
communication in formal settings. The regional dialects, used primarily for day-to-day dealings
and spoken communication, are not taught formally in schools, and remain somewhat absent
from traditional, and certainly official, written communication.
2) A regional dialect doesn’t have an explicit written set of grammar but there is certain authoritative
organization. Furthermore, even though they are spoken varieties it is certainly possible to
produce dialectal Arabic text by spelling out words using the same spelling rules used in MSA,
which are mostly phonetic.
3) There is a reasonable level of mutual intelligibility across the dialects, but the extent to which a
particular individual is able to understand other dialects depends heavily on that person's own
9
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

dialect and their exposure to Arab culture and literature from outside of their own country. For
example, the typical Arabic speaker has little trouble understanding the Egyptian dialect, thanks
in no small part to Egypt's history in literature, movie-making and television show production, and
their popularity across the Arab world. On the other hand, the Moroccan dialect, especially in its
spoken form, is quite difficult to understand by a Levantine Syrian or Lebanese) speaker. Therefore,
from a scientific point of view, the dialects can be considered separate languages in their own
right, much like North Germanic languages Norwegian/Swedish/Danish) and West Slavic
languages Czech/Slovak/Polish).

52.The word This in Paragraph 1) refers to……… …‫) تشير إلى‬1( ‫كلمة هذا في برقراف‬
A. speaking in MSA
B. teaching MSA in schools
C. speaking in regional dialect
D. teaching regional dialect in schools
53. In Paragraph 2), the author suggests that……… .....‫ يقترح المؤلف أن‬، )2( ‫في البرقراف‬
A. it is possible to write in dialects.
B. there is a formal grammar in dialects.
C. there is only a spoken form of dialects.
D. an organization checks the grammar of dialects.
54.The words mutual intelligibility in Paragraph 3) are closest in meaning to……..
........ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3( ‫كلمة الوضوح المشترك في البرقراف‬
A. uncertainty
B. difference
C. similarity
D. matching
55. According to Par 3), the dialect best understood by most Arabic speakers is……
.........‫ فإن أفضل لهجة يفهمها معظم المتحدثين باللغة العربية هي‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. Syrian
B. Moroccan
C. Egyptian
D. Lebanese
56. The author refers to North Germanic and West Slavic languages to show the……….
......‫يشير المؤلف إلى اللغات الجرمانية الشمالية والغربية السلافية لإظهار‬
A. difference between them and MSA
B. difference between them and Arabic dialect
C. similarity to the situation with MSA
D. similarity to the situation with Arabic dialects

10
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 9 (‫)جراحة جديدة لرجل أصيب في حادث سيارة‬

1) A man who was paralyzed in a car crash four years ago has regained some use of his hands.
Surgeons at Washington University School of Medicine in the U.S. took healthy nerves from other
parts of the man and used them to rewire the nerves in his arm.
2) The 71-year-old broke his neck in the accident and was left unable to walk. Though he could still
move his arms, he had lost the ability to grasp or hold things in either hand. The university doctors
said the pioneering operation may prove to be a breakthrough for some patients with spinal cord
injuries.
3) The man received extensive therapy after the operation. He was able to move the thumb and
fingers of his left hand eight months after surgery. After ten more months, the patient could move
the fingers of his right hand and begin to feed himself and even write to some extent considering
the severity of his injury and the fact that 22months had passed between his accident and the
surgery, these results are remarkable.
57.The man got injured when……… ‫أصيب الرجل عندما‬
A. he was using his hands
B. he had his nerves rewired
C. he was in a traffic accident
D. healthy nerves were being removed
58. In Paragraph 2), the word pioneering means that they used ……
.......‫ تعني كلمة ريادة أنهم استخدموها‬، )2( ‫في الفقرة‬
A. an American procedure
B. surgery on an older patient
C. an earlier method of surgery
D. this technique for the first time
59. Which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي مما يلي صحيح؟‬
A. The operation may improve the situation for other people with similar injuries.
B. The reason the operation was successful is that he had hurt his spinal cord and not his arms or
hands.
C. The doctors think that it took the man quite a longtime to recover after the operation.
D. The real reason the man was able to recover was the therapy, not the surgery itself.
60. How long after his operation did it take for the man to be able to use his hands to eat by
himself? ‫كم من الوقت استغرق الرجل بعد الجراحة ليتمكن من استخدام يديه لتناول الطعام بنفسه؟‬
A. 8 months
B. 10 months
C. 18 months
D. 22 months

11
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 6
Passage 1 (‫ كورس الانقلش‬134)

Class Offering
English 134
Advanced Technical Writing for the Health Professions
Offered only in the Spring semester,
3 credit hours
Prerequisite
English 133 or permission of the instructor.
Course description:
Review of grammar and vocabulary:
focus on writing medical English;
not open to first year students
Instructor: Assistant Professor Dr. Roger Brown

21. Medical students will take this class …………….. .....‫سيأخذ طلاب الطب هذا الفصل‬
A. with business majors
B. prior to taking English 133
C. after completing English 133
D. only with permission of the instructor
22. The passage says that the course will ……………. ‫تقول القطعه أن الدورة سوف‬
A. include grammar, vocabulary and writing
B. focus on reading medical articles
C. be offered three times a day
D. meet six times a week

Passage 2 (‫)الذهب واستخدامه التاريخي كمخزن ثروة‬

While gold is used in industry, its main historical use has been as a means of maintaining the value
of wealth, usually in the form of jewelry and money. Gold, measured and priced in a troy ounces
or grams, has been used as a store of value for at least 5,000 years. About 2,000 years ago, one
troy ounce of gold might purchase a high quality, custom-made outfit. Today, the same amount

12
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

of gold would probably be able to purchase a similar high-quality outfit, plus all of the matching
accessories.
23. What does the passage say about the historical use of gold? ‫ماذا تقول القطعه عن الاستخدام‬
‫التاريخي للذهب؟‬
A. It was always used to buy custom-made clothing.
B. It was widely accepted as a medium of exchange.
C. 1It was frequently used in industrial application
D. It was a store of wealth, usually as jewelry or money.

Passage 3 (‫)لوحة تحذيرية هدي السرعة‬

SLOW
CHILDREN
PLAYING
24. This sign tells you that you must NOT ……………. in this area.
‫ في هذه المنطقة‬................... ‫تخبرك هذه العلامة بأنه لا يجب عليك‬
A. drive fast
B. make noise
C. park your car
D. use your phone

Passage 4 (‫)ماركوبولو والايس كريم‬

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with fruit-flavored
ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored ices for thousands of
years, long before he reached this part of the world. These delicacies became popular in France
in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making them
evolved and eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were enjoying
a dessert that was very similar to today's ice cream. It became a treat that could be enjoyed by
almost anyone, not just the rich.
2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by Jacob Fussel.
He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to his ice cream. Soon
after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing methods and
ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and more efficient. By the

13
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This gave the ice cream industry
another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the U.S., when most sugar was shipped
to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to buy limited amounts of it convinced the
government that ice cream was an "essential food". Ice cream factories were given sugar and
production continued.
4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-war years.
The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a resurgence in
"premium" ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment into low-fat varieties
for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice milk, fat-free ice cream, and mass-
produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many researchers stated that 60% of frozen desserts are
ice cream.
25. What is the best title for this passage? ‫ما هو أفضل عنوان لهذه القطعه؟‬
A. Varieties of Ice Cream
B. The History of Ice Cream
C. The Demand for Ice Cream
D. Ice Cream During the Wars
26. The word expedition in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to…… ‫كلمة رحله استكشافيه في برقراف‬
....... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1(
A. life
B. invention
C. experience
D. journey
27. According to Paragraph 1), fruit flavored ices were first made by…..
......‫ تم صنع مثلجات بنكهة الفاكهة أولاً بواسطة‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. Asians
B. royalty
C. Marco Polo
D. French people
28. According to Paragraph 3), during World War I, in the U.S.
........‫ في الولايات المتحدة‬، ‫ خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. refrigerators and freezers were NOT available
B. ice cream production was stopped
C. there was NOT enough sugar
D. ice cream became cheaper
29. According to Paragraph 4), 60% of frozen desserts are……
......‫ من الحلويات المجمدة هي‬٪60 )4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. ice milk
B. fruit bars

14
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. frozen yogurt
D. ice cream

Passage 5 (‫)تأثير الأعاصير الاستوائية والتوازن البيئي‬

Although their effects on human populations are devastating, tropical cyclones can relieve
drought conditions. They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward
temperate latitudes, which makes them an important part of the mechanism. As a result, tropical
cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere, and to maintain a relatively stable
and warm temperature worldwide.

30. The word their in the passage refers to…… ......‫تشير كلمة هم في المقطع إلى‬
A. tropical cyclones
B. coastal flooding
C. storm surges
D. drought conditions
31. The word equilibrium in the passage is closest in meaning to……………
...... ‫كلمة التوازن في القطعه هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬
A. equality
B. pressure
C. airflow
D. balance

Passage 6 ‫بيتر وغرفته الفندقية الجيدة واعجابه بطعام الفندق‬

My room was large and clean with a big bed. It also had a great view of the sea and the beach
from the window. The location was great, too-right on the beach. It was 10 minutes on foot from
the city center, so I didn't need to drive or take a taxi to get there. All of the staff members were
also polite and helpful. But the best part was the breakfasts which included different breads,
cheeses, jams, yogurt and fruits. Fantastic! I ate something different every day. There were two
things I did not like: the swimming pool was too small for swimming, and the Internet was too
slow to watch videos. However, I'll be visiting again. Peter from Australia).
32. According to the passage, Peter……… ....... ‫ بيتر‬،‫طبقا للقطعه‬
A. enjoyed everything
B. liked the food most of all
C. had to drive to the city center
15
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

D. enjoyed swimming in the pool

33. The word location in the passage is closest in meaning to………..

...... ‫كلمة موقع في القطعه هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬
A. bus
B. view
C. place
D. shopping

Passage 7 (‫) البروفيسور الذي يعمل لساعات طويلة‬

Daniel Smith is an old-fashioned and hard-working professor of Linguistics. He is not quite popular
among his students because he foolishly expects everyone else to work the long hours that he
does.
34. Who works long hours? ‫من يعمل لساعات طويلة؟‬
A. everyone
B. the students
C. the linguists
D. the professor

Passage 8 (‫)قطعة صغيرة عن تطور صناعة الورق بين الصين واليابان‬

Not long after paper was invented in China in the first century C.E., the art of folding paper
emerged. Paper spread to Japan by the sixth century where the rich, who were able to buy the
little paper that was available and had the leisure time to practice, developed origami Japanese
for folding, "ori," and paper, "kami").
35. The word leisure in the passage is closest in meaning to….
...... ‫كلمة وقت الفراغ في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A. free
B. ease
C. holiday
D. relaxation

16
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 9 (‫)جزيرة موريشيوس ومن اكتشفها‬

In the Alberto Cantino map of 1502, the Arab name of Mauritius Island appeared as Dina Arobi.
Historians claim that the Arabs communicated this name to the Portuguese, and based on this
fact they concluded that the former had already discovered Mauritius by that time.

36. The word the former in the passage refer to…………. ‫تشير كلمة السابق في القطعه الي‬
A. Mauritius Island
B. Dina Arobi
C. Portuguese
D. Arabs

Passage 10 (‫)الخل‬

I'm sure you've eaten vinegar on your salad or perhaps used it as a dip for bread, but have you
ever wiped it on your underarms or used it to clean a toilet seat? If not, you should give it a try!
`Vinegar is most commonly used as a food condiment, but it has far more uses than just that.
Because it is safe, natural, and eco-friendly, it makes a great alternative for chemical-laden
cleaning and sanitizing products. In addition to being able to dissolve mineral deposits on steel,
and other surfaces, vinegar is also effective at killing mold and bacteria.
37. At the beginning of the passage, the author assumes that the reader has used vinegar
...... ‫ يفترض المؤلف أن القارئ قد استخدم الخل‬،‫في بداية القطعه‬
A. to kill bacteria
B. as a food seasoning
C. for personal hygiene
D. for cleaning purposes

Passage 11 (‫)هيئة الغذاء والدواء السعودية ومسؤوليتها عن البضائع المحلية والمستوردة‬

The Saudi Food and Drug Authority SFDA) was established under the Council of Ministers in 2004,
as an independent body corporate that directly reports to The President of Council of Ministers.
The Authority's objective is to regulate, oversee, and control food, drugs, medical devices, as well
as to set their mandatory standard specifications, whether they are imported or locally
manufactured.

38. You can understand from the passage that the SFDA deals with goods that are……
........‫يمكنك أن تفهم من القطعه أن الهيئة العامة للغذاء والدواء تتعامل مع السلع الموجودة‬
A. controlled
B. foreign only

17
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. Saudi and foreign

D. manufactured only

Passage 12 (‫) إعادة صياغة الكلام بطريقة مختلفة‬

Less is known about the cause of the common cold than about the causes of many more serious
diseases.
39. Which of the following statements is the most accurate? ‫أي العبارات التالية هي الأكثر دقة؟‬
A. The causes of less serious diseases than the common cold are better known.
B. We know less than we should about the causes of the cold and more serious diseases.
C. The cause of the common cold is better known than the causes of more serious diseases.
D. We know less about the cause of the common cold than we do about the causes of more serious
diseases.

Passage 13 (‫)جولييت لو وعبورها الجسر‬

Juliette Low, founder of the Girl Scout movement, had a way of motivating others to help her with
her goals. One encounter that required her persistence happened while she was walking along a
road and came by a stream. The only way to get to the other side of the stream was by a very
narrow foot bridge, and Juliette was afraid to walk across it alone. She saw an old man coming
down the road and told him to go across the bridge first, while she followed. Although the old
man started to protest, her stubborn insistence again worked and he led her across the footbridge.
Once they crossed safely, the old man explained to her that he was blind!

40. The word it in the passage refers to……… ‫كلمة (هو) في المقطع تشير إلى‬
A. stream
B. other side
C. road
D. way

Passage 14 (‫)فهرس وحدات كتاب عن حضارة قديمة‬

Literature and Art: Intermediate Spanish
INDEX

Unit 1
Aspects of the Family in the Hispanic World…......1
Unit 2
Man and Woman in Hispanic Society........20
Unit 3

18
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Customs and Traditions in Hispanic Society.........35

Unit 4
Economic Aspects of Hispanic America……..60

41. Which unit would most likely discuss the importance of respect for parents in Hispanic culture?
‫ما الوحدة التي من المرجح أن تناقش أهمية احترام الوالدين في الثقافة الإسبانية؟‬
A. Unit 1
B. Unit 2
C. Unit 3
D. Unit 4
42. Which unit would most likely give examples of key forms of trade and business in Hispanic
society? ‫ما هي الوحدة التي من المرجح أن تقدم أمثلة على الأشكال الرئيسية للتجارة والأعمال في المجتمع‬
‫الإسباني؟‬
A. Unit 1
B. Unit 2
C. Unit 3
D. Unit 4

Passage 15 (‫)البيزنس وكيف يخطط لينجح‬

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail in
the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many
people simply don't make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they start
their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be avoided.
A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers-that you have thought
carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them carefully
about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are
essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are people
willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you need to make
to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes, utilities, etc.) be? How
might they change? Why will customers choose you over your competitors? Do you have a
marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid research
and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are dangerous,
but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business world. Do you
have a "plan B" for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower your prices to get
19
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than you expect, do you
have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can't give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can quickly
be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should create a good
business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

43. According to Paragraph 1), what does a good business Plan do…...
...‫ ما الذي تفعله خطة العمل الجيدة‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. focuses on problems
B. removes failures
C. reduces finances
D. considers risks
44. The word risks in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to………
...... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة مخاطر في البرقراف‬
A. decisions
B. dangers
C. choices
D. loans
45. The word crucial in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to……..
.... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "حاسمة" في البرقراف‬
A. fair
B. difficult
C. important
D. complicated
46. According to Paragraph 3), what should the owner of a new business do?
‫ ما الذي يجب أن يفعله صاحب العمل الجديد؟‬،)3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. keep some money for emergencies
B. have a big advertising budget
C. hire someone to do research
D. increase prices a lot
47. The pronoun they in Paragraph 3) refers to….. ....‫) يشير إلى‬3( ‫الضمير "هم" في البرقراف‬
A. questions
B. answers
C. projects
D. facts
48. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to……. ....‫الغرض الرئيسي للمؤلف في القطعه هو‬
A. make money
B. ask questions
C. predict success
20
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

D. give information

Passage 16 (‫)فاست فوود وضرره وتجربة سالي دافيس على وجبة الأطفال‬

1) Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all over
the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a "Children's
Meal." The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a plastic toy as a
prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat, preferring it to the more
nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.
2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not rot
or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy included
with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought a Children's
Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She photographed it each
week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the same! The only thing she
noted was that the "food" had become as hard as a rock and looked like plastic. Her experiment
became famous and is known as "The Children's Meal Art Project."
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a teacher
named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased at the
famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as the day she
bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble, but essentially,
it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to teach them about
the dangers of eating such "non-food". she tells them that this is a chemical food, and there is
absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human body. stomach. It does
nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat," she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder
why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with the
potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all its food
from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their hamburgers
here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as well.
49. What the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية لهذه القطعه؟‬
A. making discovers takes time.
B. Fast food is popular around the world
C. We need to be more aware of what we eat
D. Photograph is an effective way to communicate

21
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

50. According to Paragraph 2), how long did Sally Davies photograph the same "Children's Meal"?
‫ ما هي المدة التي التقطت فيها سالي ديفيز نفس "وجبة الأطفال"؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. until it was just like the toy
B. every week for 6 months
C. until it looked different
D. every day for 6 weeks
51. The word essentially in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to…….
..... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "بشكل أساسي" في البرقراف‬
A. closely
B. basically
C. normally
D. strongly
52. Which paragraph discusses using a hamburger to teach about bad eating habits?
‫أي برقراف يناقش استخدام الهامبرغر لتعليم عادات الأكل السيئة؟‬
A. Paragraph (1)
B. Paragraph (2)
C. Paragraph (3)
D. Paragraph (4)
53. Which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي مما يلي حقيقه؟‬
A. Several people have proven the durability of fast-food burgers.
B. Parents prefer home-cooked food to fast food burgers.
C. Fast food Burgers are cheap and widely available.
D. Children's Meals are very popular in China.
54. According to the passage, why do hamburgers stay the same after a long period?
. ‫ لماذا يبقى الهامبرغر كما هو بعد فترة طويلة؟‬، ‫حسب القطعه‬
A. They are of very high quality.
B. They contain a lot of chemicals.
C. They are produced in large factories.
D. They have many different ingredients.

Passage 17 (‫ قياس النشاط البركاني وسبب قوة بركان‬79)

1) Volcanologists constantly monitor any changes in levels of seismic activity on Vesuvius because
they know that the increase of activity in the deep reservoir of magma causes both earth tremors
and volcanic eruptions. Through measuring seismic activity, these scientists expect to predict an
approaching eruption months before it happens.

22
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

2) The seismic activity of Mount Vesuvius happens again and again, and the longer the intervals
between eruptions, the greater the next explosion will be. The frequent but low-level activity of
Vesuvius in recent centuries has relieved the build-up of pressure. The catastrophic magnitude of
the eruption of AD 79 was connected with the extended period of inactivity before it.
55. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is TRUE? ‫ أي مما يلي صحيح؟‬،)1( ‫وف ًقا لبرقراف‬
A. ``````Seismic activity is NOT linked to volcanic eruptions.
B. By measuring seismic activity, it is possible to predict a volcanic eruption.
C. It is NOT possible to predict when a volcanic eruption may occur in Vesuvius.
D. Earth tremors and volcanic eruptions happen in Vesuvius every couple of months.
56. According to Paragraph 2), why was the eruption in 79AD so severe?
‫ م بهذه الخطورة؟‬79 ‫ لماذا كان ثوران البركان في عام‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا لبرقراف‬
A. There is evidence that the pressure released over centuries.
B. There is always a severe eruption there every hundred years.
C. There was a long period without seismic activity and then it started again.
D. There was a continuous but growing amount of seismic activity in the area.

Passage 18 ( ‫)السفن والتحسينات التي ادخلها العرب على صناعتها‬

1) There are few ships as beautiful and graceful as an Arab dhow under full sail. They are sleek, fast,
and easy to control with these vessels, Arab sailors maintained extensive trade links in dangerous
seas all the way from Africa to China. The great contribution they made to Europe's development
was simple-their triangular lateen" sail.
2) In the 15th century, most European ships used only square sails. Because of this they were only
able to sail1 effectively when the wind was almost directly behind them. Prince Henry of Portugal
borrowed ideas from the Arab dhow and designed ships that used Arab lateen sails on European
hulls. With this improvement, European explorers could go farther faster and sail into the wind.
Consequently, they became much more effective. Columbus's three ships all used this borrowed
technology on their first voyage to America.
57. The pronoun they in Paragraph 1), refers to……. .....‫) يشير إلي‬1( ‫الضمير هم في البرقراف‬
A. seas
B. links
C. vessels
D. Africa and China
58. The phrase this improvement in Paragraph 2), refers to…
......‫) إلى‬2( ‫تشير عبارة هذا التحسين في البرقراف‬
A. square sails
B. using European hulls

23
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. using Arab lateen sails

D. sail with the wind directly behind the ship
59. The author’s purpose in Paragraph 2) is to………… ..... ‫) هو‬2( ‫غرض المؤلف في البرقراف‬
A. describe
B. criticize
C. persuade
D. argue
Passage 19 (‫) الطعام القديم انتشر مجددا‬
Most old people are very pleased that our traditional foods, which disappeared from our society
for some time, are now returning.
60. Traditional foods are now………… .......‫الأطعمة التقليدية الآن‬
A. tasting much better
B. becoming popular again
C. disliked by young people
D. seldom served in restaurants

24
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 7
Passage 1 (‫)صورة الشيف‬
21. If Khalid has 10 riyals he could buy …. ......‫ ريالات يمكنه شراء‬10 ‫إذا كان لدى خالد‬
A. Meat
Meat : 35 SR
B. Fish
Fish : 25 SR
C. Chicken
Chicken : 15 SR
D. Sandwich
Sandwich : 9.50 SR
Passage 2 (‫) تلوث الهواء الداخلي‬
1- Air is the ocean we breathe. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies. Air is
made up of a mixture of nitrogen, Oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities release
substances into the air and some of these can cause problems for humans, Plants and animals.
These Problems are usually referred to as air pollution.
2- There are several problems that result from air pollution. The main ones we usually hear about
are smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems
has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the environment as a whole.
3- The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy is often discussed as a huge
problem. Diesel smoke is a good example of the particulate matter that results in this pollution.
The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or 0.0001 centimeter.
This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "Black Carbon" pollution. The exhaust from
burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air
Authorities also believe that the burning of the wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques
release significant quantities of soot into the air.
4- Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides, as well as chemical vapors. These take part in chemical reactions once they are
in the atmosphere, resulting in smog and acid rain.
5- We must also consider air pollution inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some pollutants are
created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. Most people spend about 80-90% of
their time inside buildings. That means our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious.
It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollutions.
22. According to Paragraph 1), which of the following are constituents of air?
‫ أي مما يلي عبارة عن مكونات الهواء؟‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. nitrogen and water vapor, but NOT oxygen.
B. nitrogen and oxygen, but NOT water vapor.
C. nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor

25
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

D. nitrogen, oxygen, and fuel.

23. The word essential in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.
..... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "أساسي" في البرقراف‬
A. healthy
B. important
C. dispensable
D. comprehensive
24. What is a good example of particles released into the air that are a source of pollution?
‫مصدرا للتلوث؟‬
ً ‫ما هو خير مثال على الجزيئات المنبعثة في الهواء والتي تشكل‬
A. indoor pollution
B. human activity
C. diesel smoke
D. acid rain
25. What is pollution resulting from diesel smoke called? ‫ماذا يسمى التلوث الناتج عن دخان الديزل؟‬
A. black carbon
B. burning fuel
C. exhaust
D. micron
26. Indoor air pollution can be more serious than outdoor pollution because people____.
.......‫يمكن أن يكون تلوث الهواء الداخلي أكثر خطورة من التلوث الخارجي لأن الناس‬
A. spend most of their time in buildings
B. often bum charcoal for cooking
C. sleep, smoke and cook indoors
D. often bum wood for heating
Passage 3 (‫) نوم الحيوانات‬
1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems
obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though
it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be
sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active
or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but
they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes whereas fish and
snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you
ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed
sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't necessarily lie down to sleep
either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree.

26
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes in the sound and light and other
stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The
answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called the
electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their brain
signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the
animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists have
confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although
they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have
discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are good
sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good
sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the
poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.

27. Which of the following statements gives the main idea of the passage?
‫أي من العبارات التالية يعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للقطعه؟‬
A. Animals and humans differ with regard to their sleeping behavior.
B. Some animals lie down to sleep while others sleep standing up.
C. How animals rest and sleep.
D. Scientists have been able to study animals' sleeping behavior.
28. All animals_________. ...... ‫كل الحيوانات‬
A. A react to sound while sleeping
B. sleep some time each day
C. spend some time resting
D. close their eyes to rest
29. The word clues in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _______.
...... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "أدلة" في البرقراف‬
A. signs
B. results
C. factors
D. procedures
30. According to Paragraph 2), cows and horses, while sleeping, are two examples of animals that
________. .... ‫ هما مثالان على الحيوانات التي‬، ‫ أثناء النوم‬،‫ فإن الأبقار والخيول‬،)2( ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. NEVER close their eyes
B. always close their eyes
C. usually open their eyes
D. seldom open their eyes
31. The word dozing in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to_________.
..... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬2 ‫كلمة "غفوة" في البرقراف‬
27
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

A. opening only one eye

B. waking up
C. dreaming
D. sleeping
32. According to Paragraph 2), the elephant is an example of an animal that _______.
.....‫ يعتبر الفيل مثالًا للحيوان الذي‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. is a good sleeper
B. sleeps with its eyes open
C. wakes to dangerous sounds
D. does NOT always sleep lying down

33. The word stimuli in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______

. .......‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "المحفزات" في البرقراف‬
A. animal reaction to sound
B. reactions produced by living things
C. light changes to which animals do not react
D. things which produce a reaction in living organisms
34. Which of the following sentences is NOT TRUE according to Paragraph 2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫أي من الجمل التالية ليست صحيحة وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. In order to Study animals sleeping manners, the EEG must be attached to their bodies.
B. Scientists have used the EEG to study animals' sleeping behavior.
C. Fish and snakes sleep with their eyes open because they DON’T like to close them.
D. Snakes have some resting periods during the day.
35. The word their in Paragraph 3) refers to ________. ‫) تشير إلى‬3( ‫كلمة هم في البرقراف‬
A. animals
B. scientists
C. experiments
D. laboratories
36. According to Paragraph 3), what is the best way to tell if an animal is asleep?
‫نائما؟‬
ً ‫ ما هي أفضل طريقة لمعرفة ما إذا كان الحيوان‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. Observe if it's moving.
B. See if its eyes are open.
C. Use the electroencephalograph.
D. Check if it reacts to light or sound.

37. According to Paragraph 4), snakes ________. ........‫) الثعابين‬4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. may NOT really sleep
B. may NOT need to rest

28
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. CANNOT be studied with the EEG

D. are NOT studied in sleep laboratories
38. According to Paragraph 4), which of the following animals DON'T sleep much?
‫كثيرا؟‬
ً ‫ أي الحيوانات التالية لا تنام‬، )4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. cats
B. sheep
C. moles
D. chimpanzees
39. According to Paragraph 4, some animals are better sleepers than others because they….
.........‫ فإن بعض الحيوانات تنام بشكل أفضل من غيرها لأنها‬،) 4( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
A. can lie down
B. have safe places to sleep
C. sleep faster than other animals
D. are often tired from being hunted

Passage 4 (‫)جائزة الملك فيصل‬

The King Faisal Prize is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation allocates to
"dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference".
It is held once a year in January of each year and the handover ceremony is within two months of
the announcement of the winner.
The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam; Islamic studies; the Arabic
language and Arabic literature; science; and medicine.
The prize in each of the five categories consists of: cash, medal, or even certificates.
The number of people who received the Faisal Prize 253 represents 44 countries. A son of King
Faisal Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize.
40 – According to paragraph 1), the King Faisal Prize is awarded ……….
...... ‫) ُتمنح جائزة الملك فيصل‬1( ‫وفق البرقراف‬
a) Once every two years
b) Once a year
c) Twice a year
d) More than twice a year
41– The recipients of the King Faisal Prize receive……. ......‫يتسلم الفائزون بجائزة الملك فيصل‬
a) A cash award, a memorial statue, and a certificate
b) A certificate, a medal and a cash award
c) A summary and a golden medal
d) A summary and a cash reward
42 – According to paragraph 2), a son of King Faisal ……. ....‫) ابن الملك فيصل‬2( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
a) Won the first King Faisal Prize
b) Limits the Foundation activities for the Prize

29
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

c) Donates his own money for the King Faisal

d) Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize

43 – The word “allocates” in paragraph 2), is closest in meaning to ……

..... ‫ هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬، )2( ‫كلمة "يخصص" في البرقراف‬
a) Locating something missing
b) Naming candidates for the Prize
c) Assigning the money for the Prize
d) Specifying the money for the ceremony

Passage 5 (‫)وصف المعدة‬

" It’s a J-shaped organ that stores and digests food "

44 – Which body part is being described? ‫أي جزء من الجسم يتم وصفه؟‬
a) Stomach
b) Mouth
c) Heart
d) Brain

Passage 6 (‫)الزراعة بين الماضي والحاضر‬

A comparison was made between cultivation in the past in 1900 and the present time. Where it
was found that in the year 1900, 40% of the workers were working in the field of agriculture, and
farmers were producing per day enough food for an average of 5 people, for themselves and
their families, and working manually. But at the moment there is much more equipment,
machinery and production.
45 – The word “themselves” in paragraph 1) refers to …… .....‫) تشير إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "أنفسهم" في البرقراف‬
a) Agriculture
b) Americans
c) Labor force
d) Farmers
46 – Which of the following does NOT characterize farming in 1990? ‫أي مما يلي لا يميز الزراعة في‬
‫؟‬1990 ‫عام‬
a) The typical farmer produced food for five people
b) Farmers were less productive than farmers today
c) Only half the labor force worked in agriculture
d) Famers used manual methods to do chores

30
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 7 (‫)فصائل الدم‬

(1) A blood type also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and
absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells RBCs).
You can receive blood from a donor with the same blood type as you. You can also receive blood
from a donor with a compatible blood type. There are different systems to classify blood types. In
ABO system, we have four main types:
-Type A blood has the Group A antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group B
blood. -Type B blood has the Group B antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group A blood.
Type AB blood has both Groups A and B antigens, but doesn't make antibodies for either one.
• Type O blood doesn't have either type of antigen.
(2) So, who can receive and who can donate in ABO system?

Type A only receives from A and O.

Blood type B receives only B and O.
AB blood type receives all types, and only can donate to people with type AB blood.
Type O blood receives only from O.
Blood type O negative is given to all blood types

47 – Which of the following is not TRUE about the ABO system?

ABO ‫أي مما يلي ليس صحيحا في نظام ال‬
a) All blood types are compatible with themselves
b) Type O is compatible with all other blood types
c) Type AB can only be given to patient AB blood
d) The ABO system is the only system to classify blood types
48 – The word “compatible” in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ……
..... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "متوافق" في البرقراف‬
a) Available
b) Matching
c) Common
d) Identical
49 – Which blood type can accept from any other blood type?
‫ما هي فصيلة الدم التي يمكن أن تقبل من أي فصيلة دم أخرى؟‬
a) Type A
b) Type B
c) Type O
d) Type AB

31
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 8 (‫)جسر الملك فهد \جسر البحرين‬

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the
Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Eastern
region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop and further
solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh
Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit to
King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial
undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the committee
to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-sized project. This
required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects of the Saudi-Bahrain
region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin Salman Al
Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa,
suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of the project and
concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from
specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and maritime
currents.
In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al
Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to
work on the implementation of the project.
50 – The best title for this passage is ……...... ‫أفضل عنوان لهذه القطعه هو‬
a) Global Engineering
b) Saudi Arabian Highways
c) Visiting the Kingdom of Bahrain
d) Building Bridges Between Nations

51 – According to paragraphs 1) and 2), the plan to build a bridge was first visualized by
....... ‫ تم تصور خطة بناء جسر لأول مرة بواسطة‬، )2( ‫) و‬1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقرافين‬
a) King Saud
b) King Faisal
c) Sheikh Salman
d) Sheikh Khalifa
52 – The word “it” in paragraph 3) refers to ……...‫) يشير إلى‬3 ‫الضمير في الفقرة‬
a) Saudi
b) Bahrain

32
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

c) The project
d) The joint committee
53 – It can be understood from paragraph 3) that the World Bank provided …...
..... ‫) أن البنك الدولي قدم‬3( ‫يمكن أن نفهم من البرقراف‬
a) Relevant studies and advice
b) Financial aid and assistance
c) Contractors and construction workers
d) Geographical and environmental factors
57 – According to the passage which of the following is NOT found at the border station?
‫أي مما يلي غير موجود في المحطة الحدودية حسب القطعه؟‬
a) Dining facilities
b) Shopping facilities
c) Official buildings
d) Religious buildings
58 – An additional paragraph at the end of the passage would most likely be about …..
.........‫من المرجح أن تكون فقرة إضافية في نهاية المقطع حول‬
a) Repairs that need to be carried out on the causeway
b) New causeways to be constructed to other countries
c) Passport and visa requirements to cross the causeway
d) Statistics for projected causeway traffic for the next ten years

Passage 9 (‫)تمثال الحرية‬

Statue of Liberty. The official name of this statue is “Liberty Enlightening the World.” It represents
democracy or Liberal Thought.
It is a sculptural artwork that France gifted to the United States of America on October 28, 1886
as a memorial gift, with the aim of strengthening friendship between the two countries on the
occasion of the centenary of the American Revolution 1775-1783).
Surrounding the statue as a whole is a star shaped wall a star with 10 heads).
The Statue of Liberty is very popular with many visitors around the world, especially New York
City, and visitors can take a great experience by going up to the huge crown above the statue's
head.
59 – The purpose of the passage is to give a ….. ..... ‫الغرض من القطعه هو إعطاء‬
a) Narrative
b) Description
c) Definition
d) Comparison

33
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

60 – What does the passage say about the statue of liberty?

‫ماذا تقول القطعه عن تمثال الحرية؟‬
a) There is NO significance to the number of spikes in the crown
b) Her hands are by side holding a torch and a book
c) It is recognized by people around the world
d) It was completed in 1776

34
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 8
Passage 1 (‫)اعلان بيع سيارة‬
21. This is an advertisement for a ….. ‫هذا إعلان عن‬ For sale
A – car
model 2011 / 5-door / manual
B – laptop
White
C – camera
D – motorbike 88.500 km

No accidents

Passage 2 (‫جداول إحصاءات استخدام وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي‬

The following are the results of a survey conducted on the forms of social media.
What type of social media do you use?
Men women total

Twitter 34 42 76

Instagram 36 41 77

Linked in 11 3 14

Our square 9 6 15

Facebook 24 36 60

How many hours a day o you spend on social media?

Men women total

0-1 2 3 5

1-3 17 24 41

4-6 19 28 47

7+ 5 2 7

22. Which form of social media is least popular among women?

‫أي شكل من أشكال وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي هو الأقل شعبية بين النساء؟‬
A. Twitter
B. Linked in

35
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. Instagram
D. Facebook
23. Which form of the social media is the most popular?
‫شيوعا؟‬
ً ‫أي شكل من أشكال وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي هو الأكثر‬
A. Twitter
B. Linked in
C. Instagram
D. Facebook
24. How much time do most men spend on social media?
‫كم من الوقت يقضيه معظم الرجال على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي؟‬
A. 0 - 1
B. 1 – 3
C. 4 – 6
D. 7 +
25. How much time do most people spend on social media?
‫كم من الوقت يقضيه معظم الناس على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي؟‬
A. 0 - 1
B. 1 – 3
C. 4 – 6
D. 7 +

Passage 3 (‫)لوحة تحذيرية معناها توقف هنا ان كنت لا تجيد السباحة‬

Non swimmers are not allowed beyond this point
26. What does this sign mean? ‫ماذا تعني هذه الإشارة؟‬
A. You are entering a children’s play area
B. All swimmers must enter the pool here
C. NO ONE is allowed to go further
D. Stop here if you CANNOT swim

Passage 4 (‫)خالد وورشة العمل بنهاية الأسبوع‬

Workshop and Khalid
(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt he
had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and
control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first thing he
had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be clearly thought out
and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we spend our energy
in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant
detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.

36
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also
thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he
valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would like
his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms,
but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly what each of
them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more than pleased
with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.
(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been on
the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he had
decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving.
From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to do but
turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four-hour drive would now be considerably
longer than four
27. When was the workshop? ‫متى كانت ورشة العمل؟‬
A. before the end.
B. during the week.
C. on a weekend.
D. at the end of the weekend
28. The word effortless in paragraph 1, is closest in meaning to.....
...... ‫ هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬، 1 ‫كلمة "بدون جهد" الواردة في البرقراف‬
A. Without goals.
B. Without details.
C. Without working.
D. Without significance.
29. According to paragraph 2, to whom did Khalid expected his appreciation for the workshop?
‫ لمن توقع خالد تقديره للورشة؟‬، 2 ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. Only the presenters at the workshop.
B. Only the businessmen at the workshop.
C. Some of his colleagues at the workshop.
D. Everyone who was present at the workshop.
30. According to paragraph 1, Khalid will use what he learned at the workshop to control.....
........ ‫ سيستخدم خالد ما تعلمه في ورشة العمل للتحكم في‬، 1 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. His time at the office.
B. The maintenance of memory.
C. the different areas of his life.
D. All aspects of his employment.
31. The word pleased in paragraph 2, is closest in meaning to.......
...... ‫ هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬، 2 ‫كلمة مسرور في البرقراف‬
A. Good.
B. Happy.
37
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. Certain.
D. Special.

32. According to paragraphs 3 and 4, how long will it take Khalid to drive home?
‫ ما هي المدة التي سيستغرقها خالد في القيادة إلى المنزل؟‬، 4 ‫ و‬3 ‫وف ًقا للبرقرافين‬
A. about 4 hours.
B. exactly 4 hours.
C. much less than 4 hours.
D. much more than 4 hour

Passage 5 Fish (‫)السمك‬

(1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size, shape, color and
habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may resemble rocks. All the colors of the
rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are very brightly colored while others can be very dull.
(2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters of Antarctica,
hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all fish get their oxygen from
water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish forces
water through its gills. The gills absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water which
then passes out through the gills.
(3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find more species each
year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are truly amazing animals to study
and observe.
33. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية لهذه القطعه؟‬
A. the types of fish
B. the colors of fish
C. fish are fascinating animals
D. how fish live and play in water
34. The word resemble in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to...............
...... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1 ‫كلمة تشبه في البرقراف‬
A. differ from
B. look like
C. live in
D. move
35. The word it in Paragraph 2) refers to …… ...... ‫ الى‬2 ‫تشير الكلمة في البرقراف‬
A. fish
B. water
C. a river
D. oxygen

38
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

36. According to Paragraph 3), it is expected that in the new Norma the scientists will find more
.........‫ من المتوقع أن يجد العلماء المزيد في نورما الجديدة‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للفقرة‬
A. fish
B. animals
C. kinds of animals
D. species of animals

Passage 6 Salt (‫)اسطورة الملح والاميرة والخاتم‬

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring into a
salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she stopped at
the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt was
discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga's ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story - but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined
from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until 1620
it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire in 1697,
the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began to carve
sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous
chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and
chapels with beautiful carvings.

37. The word legend in paragraph 1, is closest in meaning to......

........ ‫ هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬، 1 ‫كلمة "أسطورة" في البرقراف‬
A. a tale.
B. an epic.
C. an episode.
D. a mystery.
38. According to paragraph I, the legend states that princess Kinga asked her servants to......... ‫وف ًقا‬
‫ تنص الأسطورة على أن الأميرة كينغا طلبت من خدامها‬، ‫للبرقراف الأول‬
A. dig a mine
B. bring her some salt.
C. bring her some water.
D. make a source of fresh water.
39. According to paragraph 1, Kinga's ring was found in......
......‫ تم العثور على خاتم كينغا في‬، 1 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. Gold mine.
B. Sound lump.
C. Salt mine.

39
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

D. Water well.
40. According to paragraph 2, the story about princess Kinga is.....
......‫ فإن قصة الأميرة كينغا هي‬، 2 ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. Romantic.
B. Fictitious.
C. Religious.
D. Real.
41. According to paragraph 2, what happened in 1697? ‫؟‬1697 ‫ ماذا حدث في عام‬، 2 ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. Some miners were fired.
B. The mine was destroyed.
C. A chamber burned.
D. A chamber broke.
42. According to par 2, miners made their statues from the rock Salt because it is.....
...... ‫ صنع عمال المناجم تماثيلهم من الملح الصخري لأنه‬، 2 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. Easier to burn.
B. Easier to make.
C. Safer than wood.
D. Heavier than wood

Passage 7 (‫) اديسون المخترع العظيم‬

(1) Thomas Alva Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world
might still be a dark place. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented
the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks
he created something new.
(2) Thomas A. Edison was born in Mila, Ohio,on February 11, 1847. His family moved to Port Huron,
Michigan, when he was seven years old. Surprisingly, he attended school for only two months. His
mother, a former teacher, taught him a few things, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. His
natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age with electrical and mechanical
things at home.
(3) When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train that ran between
Port Huron and Detroit. He set up a laboratory in a baggage car of the train so that he could
continue his experiments inexperience did not end well. Thomas was fired when he accidentally
set fire to the floor of the baggage car.
(4) Thomas then worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of
his time on the job conducting experiments. He got his first patent in1868 for a vote recorder run
by electricity. However, the vote recorder was not a success. In 1870, he sold another invention, a
stock-ticker, for $40,000.stock-ticker is a machine that automatically prints stock prices on a tape.
He was then able to build his first shop in Newark, New Jersey.
(5) Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other. He thought of his
deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time
40
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

for work. He called himself a "two-shift man" because he worked 16 out of every 24hours.
Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas
Edison died at the age of 84 on October 18, 1931, at his estate in West Orange, New Jersey. He
left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.

43. The best title for the passage is..... ‫أفضل عنوان للقطعه هو‬
A. Edison: a man of clumsy inventions.
B. Edison: an academic mind.
C. Edison: a great inventor.
D. Edison: a man of unfulfilled dreams.
44. According to paragraph I, Edison's most important invention was the......
.....‫ كان أهم اختراع إديسون هو‬، ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف الأول‬
A. Motion picture camera.
B. Phonograph.
C. Stock ticker.
D. Light bulb.
45. According to paragraph 3, Edison lost his first work because he.......
...... ‫ فقد إديسون أول عمل له بسبب أنه‬، 3 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. accidentally started a fire.
B. occasionally spared time.
C. Created something new.
D. Was too young.
46. According to paragraph 4, Edison was able to build his first shop because he......
.........‫ تمكن إديسون من بناء أول متجر له لأنه‬، 4 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. Worked as a telegraph operator.
B. Earned his first patent.
C. Sold his vote recorder.
D. Sold his stock ticker.
47. According to paragraph 5, Edison considered his deafness to be......
........‫ اعتبر إديسون أن صممه‬، 5 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. A disadvantage.
B. An advantage.
C. A necessity.
D. A charm.
48. The pronoun it in paragraph 5, refers to his...... .......‫ يشير إلى‬5 ‫الضمير في البرقراف‬
A. Blessing.
B. Deafness.
C. Thought.
D. Ear

41
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 8 Dolphin (‫)الدولفين‬

(1) Welcome to Dolphin Ocean Park. We're really happy that you are here to learn about the amazing
animals we call dolphins. Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals and are part of the
toothed whale family.
(2) They are found worldwide, some in freshwater rivers, but most species live in shallow areas of
oceans worldwide. They are carnivores, eating mostly fish and squid. They use echolocation,
bouncing sound off underwater objects, to hunt together. Dolphin coloration varies, but they are
generally gray in color with darker backs than the rest of their bodies.
49. The people reading this notice are most likely......
........‫ترجيحا‬
ً ‫الأشخاص الذين يقرؤون هذا الإشعار هم الأكثر‬
A. Visitors about to see dolphins.
B. Visitors of a museum.
C. Experts on dolphins.
D. Students in a school.
50. It can be understood from the passage that dolphins.......
......‫يمكن أن نفهم من المقطع أن الدلافين‬
A. Avoid eating other animals.
B. Are always the same color.
C. Hunt individually.
D are very smart.

Passage 9 Currencies (‫)العملات المعدنية أصولها وأسباب تسميتها‬

(1) There are so many currencies in the world with differing names. The origins and development of
these names and uses have an interesting history.
(2) The dollar is one of the most common currencies in the world used by the US, Australia, Canada,
Fiji, New Zealand, and Singapore to name a few. The origin of the dollar, also the Slovenian tolar,
is from a German coin called the Joachimsthaler, shortened to Thaler or dalerin Low German). It
was named after the valley in which the silver it was made from was mined, the Joachimsthal,
literally Joachim"s valley. The term began to be used in other languages, especially Dutch, and
was later applied to the most widely used coin in the American colonies.In 1792, it was adopted
as the official name of the US monetary unit.
(3) Many countries use the dinar, which comes from the Latin denarius, an ancient Roman silver coin:
The Jordanian dinar. Algerian dinar, Serbian dinar, and Kuwaiti dinar among others.
(4) The Indian and Pakistani rupee as well as the Indonesian rupiah derive from the Sanskrit rupya,
meaning 'wrought silver, which is what they were originally made of.
(5) The Malaysian mggit is from the Malay for jagged and refers to the serrated edges of the Spanish
silver dollars used as currency in Malaysia before the ringgit was introduced. Serrated edges on
coins became popular when coins were made of precious metals like gold and silver because the
ridges made it harder for people to scrape off metal and devalue the coins.

42
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(6) Although the Germans and the Finns use the Euro now,their former currencies the German mark
and the Finnish markka, both have their origin in units of weight. While Spanish peso meaning
'weight" in Spanish, is also no longer used in Spain, it lives on as the currency of Mexico, Argentina
and the Philippines. The British pound or pound sterling comes from the Latin pondus weight.
(7) Many Scandinavian countries use currency whose name is ultimately derived from the Latin corona
meaning crown': Swedish krona, Norwegian krone, Danish krone, and the Czech koruna.krone,
Danish.
(8) The Spanish real, a former currency of Spain derived from the Latin regalis meaning royal, which
is the origin of a number of Middle Eastern currencies such as the Omani and Iranian riyal, and
the Qatari, Yemeni, and Saudi riyal. The riyal has been the currency of Saudi Arabia since the
country came into being and was the currency of Hejaz before Saudi Arabia was created.
51. According to the passage, which of the following is true about currencies?
‫ أي مما يلي حقيقي عن العملات؟‬، ‫وفقا القطعه‬
A. Some are named after kings.
B. Some are named after places.
C. Some were named based on the metal uses.
D. Some were named based on how heavy they were.
52. We can understand from the paragraph 2, that the Dollar has its name from the......
.......‫ أن اسم الدولار مشتق من‬2 ‫يمكننا أن نفهم من البرقراف‬
A. Australians.
B. Americans.
C. Canadians.
D. Germans.
53. According to paragraphs 3 and 4, what did the Dinar and Rupee have in common?
‫؟‬4 ‫ و‬3 ‫ما هو القاسم المشترك بين الدينار والروبية حسب البرقرافين‬
A. The material form which they were made.
B. The similar origin of the names.
C. The countries they are used in.
D. The value that they held.
54. The word it in paragraph 6, refers to.... ....... ‫ يشير الى‬6 ‫الضمير في البرقراف‬
A. Peso.
B. Spain.
C. Weight.
D. Markka.
55. The expression derived from in paragraph 7, is closest in meaning to....
.......‫ هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى إلى‬، 7 ‫عبارة "مشتق من" في البرقراف‬
A. Originated.
B. Translated.
C. Explained.
D. Produced.
43
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

56. According to paragraph 8, the origin of the word Riyal is......

..........‫ أصل كلمة ريال هو‬، 8 ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. Hejazi.
B. Spanish.
C. Yemeni.
D. Ottoman.

Passage 10 (‫)رسالة الى توم‬

Message to Tom
“Steve: Can I come and see you next weekend?
Tom: on Friday I am busy, but Saturday will be OK.”

57. What did Steve ask in his message to Tom? ‫ماذا سأل ستيف في رسالته إلى توم؟‬
A. Are you usually busy at weekends?
B. What do you usually do on Fridays?
C. What are you going to do on Saturday?
D. Can I come and see you next weekend?

44
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 9
Passage 1 (‫ القطعة الكاملة‬-‫)محمد علي كلاي‬
1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in
1942. His birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. When he was young, he was an amateur boxing
champion. In 1960, when he was still an amateur, he won the light heavyweight gold medal at the
Olympic games in Rome.
2) After that, Ali became a professional heavyweight boxer. He was 1.88 meters tall and his fighting
weight was about 95 kilograms. He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he
won the world heavyweight championship three timers. The first time was when he beat the
former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and assumed the
name Muhammad Ali.
3) In 1967 he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War. Although a jury in a trial found him guilty,
later the Supreme Court said that he had had the right to refuse
4) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire.
He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks All fought his last
professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing
5) Heavyweight boxers ate usually very strong but not fast, but Ali was very strong and very fast. He
said his style was “to float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali liked to talk a lot and people
called him the Louisville Lip.
21. Ali won an Olympic gold Medal in ______. ....‫فاز محمد علي بالميدالية الذهبية الأولمبية في‬
A. Kentucky.
B. Louisville.
C. Rome.
D. Zaire.
22. According to Paragraph 1), when Ali won the gold medal, he was _____.
.............‫ كان‬، ‫ عندما فاز محمد علي بالميدالية الذهبية‬، )1( ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. a professional boxer.
B. a heavyweight boxer.
C. an amateur boxer.
D. a strong boxer.
23. According to Paragraph 2), Ali changed his name _____________.
......‫ قام علي بتغيير اسمه‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. one year before he defeated Sonny Liston.
B. two years after he defeated Sonny Liston.
C. in the same year he defeated Sonny Liston.
D. six months before he defeated Sonny Liston.
24. The word assumed in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _________.
........ ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "يفترض" في البرقراف‬
A. took.

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B. threw.
C. posited.
D. suspected.
25. According to Paragraph 3), who supported Ali when he refused to join the army?
‫) من أيد علي عندما رفض الالتحاق بالجيش؟‬3( ‫وفق البرقراف‬
A. his fans.
B. the jury.
C. the Vietnamese.
D. the supreme court.
26. Ali became heavyweight champion for the third time after beating ____.
....... ‫أصبح علي بطل الوزن الثقيل للمرة الثالثة بعد هزيمة‬
A. Leon Spinks.
B. Sonny Liston.
C. George Forman.
D. Trevor Berbick.

Passage 2 (‫)رد ديف انه يعمل‬

Alex: Hi Dave, do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Dave: Sorry Alex, I can’t talk right now because I’m …….
27. What is Dave’s reply? ‫ما هو رد ديف؟‬
A. Working.
B. Looking.
C. Read.
D. Fast.

Passage 3 Required (‫)شركة سياحة تطلب شغل وظائف شاغرة‬

A reputable travel and tourism company requires the following in the areas of Abha – Jizan -
Kliamis Mushait – Jeddah - Dammam:
Tour and Hotel Consultant
● Bachelor's degree in Hotel Management and Tourism
● Previous experience with travel and tourism agents
● Knowledge of and experience with visa procedures
● Fluency in English, spoken and written
● Proficiency in dealing with people
Airline Reservation Consultant
● Bachelor's degree
● Familiarity with reservation systems
● Fluency in English. spoken and written

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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

● Neat appearance
Accountant
● Bachelor's degree in Accounting
● Experience in dealing with the IATA system
● Fluency in English, spoken and written
Preference is given to Saudi nationals

28. Which qualifications are required for all three positions?

‫ما هي المؤهلات المطلوبة لجميع الوظائف الثلاثة؟‬
A. fluent English and Saudi nationality.
B. ability to deal with people and a good appearance.
C. a bachelor’s degree and fluent English.
D. job experience and fluent English.
29. What kind of company is trying to fill these positions?
‫ما نوع الشركة التي تحاول شغل هذه الوظائف؟‬
A. a hotel chain.
B. an accounting firm.
C. an airlines company.
D. a travel and tourism company.
30. What information is NOT given in the passage?
‫ما هي المعلومات التي لم ترد في القطعه؟‬
A. academic requirements.
B. salaries and benefits.
C. job titles.
D. Locations.

Passage 4 (‫)استبيان لطلاب الجامعة‬

The University administration asked questions to find out about their services at the Student
Union. The professors were all told to ask their students to fill out the questionnaires and return
them by the end of the semester.
31. Who should respond to the questionnaires?
‫من يجب أن يجيب على الاستبيانات؟‬
A. NEITHER the students NOR the professors.
B. the students and the professors.
C. the professors.
D. the students.

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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 5 (‫)مرق العظام‬

Many food professionals consider bone broth to be a super-food that should be in stock every
day in every kitchen. Bone broth is a traditional food that provides the human body with forms of
calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and other minerals that are easy to consume, digest, and
absorb. All of these minerals and nutrients arc usually lacking in most people's diets today, leading
to weak teeth, bones, immune systems, and bodies in general.
32. The word that in the passage refers to _________. .....‫كلمة "التي" في القطعه تشير إلى‬
A. phosphorus.
B. magnesium.
C. minerals.
D. calcium.
33. The word lacking in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.
...... ‫كلمة "نقص" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى الي‬
A. removing.
B. existing.
C. missing.
D. changing.

Passage 6 ( ‫) مشاهدة التلفزيون واثارها السيئة‬

1) Is your television killing you? Did you know that every hour you spend watching it can take 22
minutes off of your life? This means that viewing for an average of six hours a day can cut short
your life by five years!
2) The above information is based on a study done by a group of researchers at the University of
Queensland, Australia. The inactivity associated with TV viewing is dangerous and gives greater
opportunities for unhealthy overeating. The researchers also showed that a sedentary lifestyle is
as bad for health as smoking cigarettes. The scientists calculated that half an hour of watching TV’
is equivalent to smoking one cigarette, with both cutting 11 minutes off a lifespan. Australians
watch TV for an average of six hours per day and health effects are likely to be similar in other
industrialized countries: the average amount of time spent watching TV daily is four hours in the
UK and live hours in the United States.
3) An earlier study associated television viewing with the risk of developing type-2 diabetes and heart
disease, as well as with the risk of early death. That research showed that these risks rose by 20%
for people who spend just two hours a day in front of the TV.
4) The good news is that exercising for just 15 minutes a day can increase your lifespan by up to
three years. It can also reduce the risk of premature death by 14%. Each extra 15 minutes of
exercise added to that can decrease this risk by another 4%.
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34. What activity can increase the health risks of diabetes and heart disease by 20%?
‫؟‬٪20 ‫ما هو النشاط الذي يمكن أن يزيد المخاطر الصحية لمرض السكري وأمراض القلب بنسبة‬
A. watching TV for two hours a day.
B. a generally inactive lifestyle.
C. unhealthy overeating.
D. smoking.
35. The word premature in Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ______.
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬4( ‫كلمة "سابق لأوانه" في البرقراف‬
A. late.
B. early.
C. final.
D. developing.
36. According to Paragraph 4), exercising for 15 minutes daily can ______.
.....‫يوميا يمكن أن‬
ً ‫ دقيقة‬15 ‫ ممارسة الرياضة لمدة‬، )4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. add three years to your total life time.
B. lengthen your life by 22 minutes.
C. decrease the risk of death by 4%.
D. lower heart disease by 4%.

Passage 7 (‫) رسالة احمد المدير ل حمد السكرتير وغضبه من وصوله المتأخر‬
From: <ahmad.adbullah@globalconsiiltants.com>
To: <hamad.salih@ globalconsultants.com>
Date: October 28, 2013
Subject: Meeting with PR
I’m having a meeting with the public relations specialist tomorrow afternoon at 1 p.m. I need you
to have five final hard copies of our updated company profile ready as well as the PowerPoint
presentation preloaded onto the conference room computer with everything set up. Mr. Ali has
been asked to make sure there are enough refreshments available for up to ten people. Please
make sure you arrive prior to the start time, as I was not pleased when the guests and I arrived
before you at the last event. In addition, make sure to bring the extra materials that I discussed
with you in my office yesterday. As I will not return to the office today and will be out tomorrow
morning. I won't see you until the meeting tomorrow afternoon.
Thank you, Ahmad Abdulla President Global Consultant.

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37. Why was Mr. Ahmad NOT pleased with Mr. Hamad?
‫لماذا لم يكن السيد أحمد راضياً عن السيد حمد؟‬
A. Mr. Hamad forgot to bring extra materials at a past event.
B. Mr. Hamad arrived later than him at a past event.
C. Mr. Hamad was unable to attend a past event.
38. When did Mr. Ahmad and Mr. Hamad have their last meeting?
‫متى التقى السيد أحمد والسيد حمد آخر مرة؟‬
A. the day after the message was sent.
B. the day before the message was sent.
C. the morning that the message was sent.
D. a few days before the message was sent.

Passage 8 Cupping (‫) الحجامة‬

1) Hijama, also known as “cupping”, was one of the treatments recommended by Prophet
Muhammad peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the world and has many
medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are made at specific body sites, and
impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in small glass “cups”. Afterwards, the body feels
refreshed and energized, having been cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.
2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications have failed. It is
highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for people with headaches. indigestion
or sleeping problems. These complaints can be signs that the body is suffering from some form
of toxicity.
3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and perform the therapy
carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed on the 17th, the 19th, or the 21st
of the lunar month. When done in coordination with a healthy diet and exercise, Hijama can give
long-lasting, satisfactory results. Ideally, it should be done at least once a year.

39. According to Paragraph 1), what is one benefit of Hijama?

‫ ما فائدة الحجامة؟‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. refreshed blood.
B. an energized body.
C. Satisfactory results.
D. cupping blood.
40. According to Paragraph 2), Hijama is used to treat all of the following EXCEPT _
.......‫ ُتستخدم الحجامة لعلاج كل ما يلي باستثناء‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. signs of toxicity.
B. indigestion.
C. lethargy.

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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

D. cuts on the body.

41. According to Paragraph 2), what is the cause of some headaches?
‫) ما هو سبب بعض الصداع؟‬2( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
A. cleansed blood.
B. sleeping programs.
C. toxins in the body.
D. failed medication.

42. According to Paragraph 3), how often should Hijama be performed on a person?
‫ كم مرة يجب أن يتم أداء الحجامة على الشخص؟‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. 3 days every month.
B. once every lunar month.
C. every other month.
D. once a year or more.
43. What can we understand about Hijama?
‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم عن الحجامة؟‬
A. It should NOT be used along with exercise.
B. It can give relief which lasts for 17, 19 or 21 days.
C. It can put impure blood into the body using small glass “cups”.
D. It should be performed using clean instruments.

Passage 9 (‫)معنى كلمة قوي‬

If a person wants to be forceful, and really get his message across, then he should be bried;
because words are like sunbeams – the more they are condense, the deeper they burn.
44. The word forceful in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
..... ‫كلمة "قوي" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A. sharp.
B. smart.
C. mindful.
D. powerful.

Passage 10 ( ‫) الحمام وشعور الكاتب المختلط تجاهه‬

1) When I see pigeons all around outside, a part of in admires them while another part is disgusted
by them, admire them for their ability to adapt to and flourish in their environment, no matter
where they are and I am disgusted by how dirty they can be!
2) In all the places I have travelled, whether it is North America. Europe, the Middle East, Africa, or
East Asia, pigeons are always a natural part of the scenery. They build nests wherever there is a
suitable space in the urban or country environment. In the city, you'll find them on window ledges

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or any other relatively safe nook or cranny. On the countryside, they build nests in trees, bushes,
or on the ground.
3) In addition to living in many different locations, pigeons also come in numerous sizes and colors.
The smallest pigeons are the size of sparrows, whereas the largest can grow up to the size of a
turkey! Some fruit-eating pigeons are very brightly colored, with red. pink, or orange feathers.
Some pigeons even have crests or other distinctive ornamentation. Most pigeons I see in the city,
however, are a dull-colored gray, with occasional splash of subtle dark green or purple plumage
around the neck.
4) While perhaps pigeons mind their own business in their natural green environment. in the city
they are often considered pests. I myself have often thought of them as “rats with wings.” Like
rats, they show up wherever there are scraps of food to be eaten, but unlike nocturnal rats, they
do it during all times of the day. Many pigeons are also not afraid of humans, but will walk very
close to them to peck up any crumbs.
5) The worst aspect of pigeons living alongside us in the city is that they produce a lot of smelly
waste! I hate having to walk over sidewalks that are coated in pigeon droppings, and have more
than once had to hold my breath to avoid the stench. Often, urban pigeons also look very dirty.
because their feathers are coated with particulate matter from the city's polluted air
6) Despite their negative characteristics, though. I respect pigeons because they are useful to people
in several ways. They have served as a cheap form of protein and have also been successfully
trained to carry important messages. Furthermore, they are a form of entertainment for young
children at the park who love watching them walk around with their characteristic head bobbing.
Pigeons also help clean up dropped food that would otherwise go to waste. If only they didn’t
also leave their own waste everywhere as a result.
45. In Paragraph 1), the writer wants to tell the reader about __________.
.....‫ يريد الكاتب أن يخبر القارئ عن‬، )1( ‫في البرقراف‬
A. his mixed feelings toward pigeons.
B. the benefits of pigeons to human beings.
C. how pigeons can sometimes get very dirty.
D. the ways pigeons adapt to all environments.
46. According to Paragraph 2), pigeons __________. ...... ‫) الحمام‬2( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
A. Always build nests on window ledges in the city.
B. Prefer the countryside to the city for building nests.
C. Find ways to survive on all of the continents on earth.
D. Build their nests and thrive in any place they inhabit.
47. In Paragraph 4), the author considers pigeons “rats with wings” because they __
.........‫) يعتبر المؤلف الحمام "فئران بأجنحة" لأنها‬4( ‫في البرقراف‬
A. feed on fallen food scraps.
B. are NOT afraid of humans.
C. are nocturnal foragers.
D. look just as dirty.
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

48. The word nocturnal in Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to _______.

........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬4( ‫كلمة "ليلي" في البرقراف‬
A. used to light.
B. active at night.
C. scared of humans.
D. efficient at foraging.
49. In Paragraph 5), the author holds his breath to avoid _______.
......... ‫ يحبس المؤلف أنفاسه لتجنب‬، )5( ‫في البرقراف‬
A. Sensing dirty pigeons.
B. Breathing air pollution.
C. Smelling pigeon waste.
D. Inhaling particulate matter.
50. According to Paragraph 5), urban pigeons look dirty because they ________.
.........‫قذرا لأنه‬
ً ‫ يبدو الحمام الحضري‬، )5( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. are coated with the city’s air pollution.
B. usually have dull, gray-colored feathers.
C. have feathers that are hard to keep clean.
D. walk on sidewalks covered with droppings.
51. According to Paragraph 6), which is NOT a way pigeon have benefited humans?
‫ ما هي الطريقة التي أفاد بها الحمام البشر؟‬، )6( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. They are kept as pets.
B. They can be consumed.
C. They eat up littered food.
D. They provide amusement.

Passage 11 (‫) النمل‬

1) Like all insects, ants have six legs. Each leg has three joints. The legs of the ant arc very strong so
they can run very quickly. If a man could run as fast for his size as an ant can, he could run as fast
as a racehorse. Ants can lift 20 times their own body weight. An ant brain has about 250.000 brain
cells. A human brain has 10 billion brain cells, so a colony of 40.000 ants has collectively the same
number of brain cells as one human brain.
2) The average life expectancy of an ant is 45-60 days. Ants use their antennae not only for touch,
but also for smell the head of the ant has a pair of large, strong jaws. The jaws open and shut
sideways like a pair of scissors. Even adult ants cannot chew and swallow solid food. Instead, they
swallow the juice which they squeeze from pieces of food and throw away the dry part that is left.
3) The ant has two eyes, each of which is made of many smaller eyes, so they are called compound
eyes. The abdomen of the ant contains two stomachs. One stomach holds the food for itself and
the second stomach is for food to be shared with other ants. Like all insects. the outside of their
body is covered with a hard armor called the exoskeleton. Ants have four distinct growing stages,
the egg. larva, pupa and the adult are classified as a special group of wasps.
4) There are over 10.000 known species of ants. They all live in social groups usually called colonies.
A colony has one or more queens. The sole duty of a queen is to lay eggs. The worker ants, all of
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whom are female, cannot produce eggs; they take care of the queen and the eggs she produces.
Since the worker ants are sterile, their roles within the colony might be looking after the young,
providing food, or defending the nest from unwanted visitors. Ants are clean and tidy insects, so
some worker ants are given the job of taking the rubbish from the nest and putting it outside in
a special rubbish dump. Each colony of ants has its own smell. In this way, intruders can be
recognized immediately. Many ants, such as the red species, have stingers which they use to
defend their nest. However, some ants - like black ants and wood ants - have no stingers, but can
squirt acid to defend themselves and the colony.
5) Ants are interesting creatures. They have very tiny bodies but live in a complex social community.
They are not simply pests, as many people think; in point of fact, they represent a positive example
of how planning and teamwork should work in our societies.

52. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية لهذه القطعه؟‬
A. There are different kinds of ants.
B. Ants are similar to other insects.
C. Ants are fascinating creatures.
D. Ants present a good example for other insects.
53. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي مما يلي صحيح؟‬، )2 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. Compared to other insects’ ants live for a short time.
B. Ants cut their food and then eat it.
C. Some of the ant’s senses work through its antennae.
D. Only young ants can swallow solid food.
54. According to Paragraph 2), adult ants can only swallow food that is ______.
......... ‫ يمكن للنمل البالغ ابتلاع الطعام فقط اذا كان‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. dry.
B. solid.
C. chewed.
D. liquid.
55. According to Paragraph 3), an exoskeleton is common to _______.
...... ‫ فإن الهيكل الخارجي أمر شائع في‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. larva.
B. all insects.
C. only wasps.
D. only ants.
56. The word compound in Paragraph 3), is closest in meaning to ______.
...... ‫ هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬، )3( ‫كلمة "مركب" في البرقراف‬
A. complex.
B. whole.
C. round.
D. complete.

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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

57. According to Paragraph 4), all worker ants can ______.‫ يمكن لجميع النمل العامل‬، )4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. lay eggs.
B. squirt acid.
C. sting their intruders.
D. protect their territory.
58. According to Paragraph 4), ants live in _____...........‫ يعيش النمل في‬، )4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. families.
B. colonies.
C. isolation.
D. small group.
59. According to Paragraph 4), ants can know outsiders by their _______.
...........‫ يمكن للنمل معرفة الغرباء من خلال‬، )4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. size.
B. smell.
C. sound.
D. behavior.
60. The pronoun they in Paragraph 5) refers to ____............‫) يشير إلى‬5( ‫الضمير "هم" في البرقراف‬
A. ants
B. pests.
C. bodies.
D. people.

55
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 10
Passage 1 (‫)من خمس سنوات اكتشف العلماء شيئا عن المريخ‬
Just five years ago, astronomers viewed Mars as an essentially dead world. Recent discoveries
made by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and gleaned from Martian meteorites have changed
that opinion.
21. When did scientists discover Mars Global? ‫متى اكتشف العلماء كوكب المريخ العالمي؟‬
A. Less than five ago.
B. Exactly five years ago.
C. More than five years ago
D. More than ten years ago

Passage 2 (‫)محمد علي كلاي القطعة الصغيرة‬

(1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was
born as Cassius Clay in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942.
(2) He had a very successful professional boxing career. In
fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three times. The first time was when he beat
the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and
assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
(3) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion
again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978
after beating Leon Spinks. Ali fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and
then retired from boxing.
22. How old was Muhammed Ali when he became Muslim? ‫كم كان عمر محمد علي عندما أسلم؟‬
A. 34
B. 36
C. 22
D. 1960
23. How old was Ali when he won the championship for the third time?
‫كم كان عمر علي عندما فاز بالبطولة للمرة الثالثة؟‬
A. 34
B. 36
C. 22
D. 62
Passage 3 (‫) جدول مندليف وكتاب ميور المشهور‬
Dmitri Mendeleyev has been hailed as the “genius who discovered the periodic table”. However,
Mendeleyev wasn’t even the third person to come up with the idea of the periodic table. That
honor belongs to the German chemist and physician Lothar Meyer 1830-1895). Meyer wrote a

56
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

popular book, The Modern theory of chemistry published in. While he was preparing the book,
he noticed the relationship between the properties of a chemical element and its atomic weight.
24. What does the passage say about Meyer? ‫ماذا تقول القطعه عن ماير؟‬
A. He worked with Mendeleyev.
B. He knew about Mendeleyev.
C. He wrote a famous textbook.
D. He read many books.

Passage 4 (‫) التلال اخفض من الجبال‬

A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding area. A mountain is generally higher
and steeper than a hill.
25. What does the passage say about hills? ‫ماذا تقول القطعه عن التلال؟‬
A. They are lower than mountains.
B. They are as high as mountains.
C. They are higher than mountains.
D. They are steeper than mountains.

Passage 5 (‫)كلمة احتفل تعني استمتع‬

The ashes is a test cricket series played between England and Australia. It is one of the most
celebrated rivalries in international cricket and dates back to 1882.
26. The word celebrated in the passage is closest in meaning to -------.
..........‫كلمة "يحتفل به" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى‬
A. enjoyed
B. preserved
C. performed
D. recommended

Passage 6 king Faisal prize

The King Faisal International Prize is awarded annually to a person or group of persons who have
done distinguished work in different fields. Nominations for recipients of the Prize are accepted
from scientific and academic institutions worldwide, irrespective of race, nationality or creed
27- Where do the King Faisal Prize nominations come from?
‫من أين تأتي ترشيحات جائزة الملك فيصل؟‬
(A) the sons of King Faisal
(B) governmental agencies
(C) philanthropic organizations
(D) universities and scientific institutions

57
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 7 (‫) المسواك‬

1) Before disposable, plastic toothbrushes were invented, some people might not have cleaned their
teeth at all, while other might have just done their best by washing their mouths with water and
rubbing their teeth with some cloth or a finger. But for Muslims way back in the 6th century, dental
hygiene was a very important matter.
2) While the practice of cleaning one’ teeth with a piece twig from the Slavadorapersica tree
predated Islam, it is the Prophet Muhammad – peace be upon him – who commended its regular
use and had Muslims start it. The twig, called a MISWAK or SIWAK in Arabic, was described by
him as a purification of the teeth and a means of pleasing God. The Prophet himself – peace be
upon him – used the miswak to clean teeth before every prayer, and said that he would order his
followers to do the same, had he not at it might over-burden them.
28. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2)? ‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هو الغرض من البرقراف‬
A. To criticize people who did NOT clean their teeth very well.
B. To introduce the reader to good dental hygiene practices.
C. To show how plastic toothbrushes were an important invention.
D. To create interest in a method for cleaning teeth used by Muslims.
29. What does Paragraph 2) say about Muslims use of the miswak?
‫) عن استخدام المسلمين للسواك؟‬2( ‫ماذا تقول البرقراف‬
A. Muslims used it regularly because of the prophet’s peace upon him) recommendation.
B. The Muslims who used it had already used it before becoming Muslim.
C. Only the most devoted Muslims used it regularly, while others did not clean their teeth.
D. Some considered it a burden.

Passage 8 (‫ بطريق ميتين على شواطئ البرازيل‬512 ‫)حيرة العلماء حول‬

Partly, 512 penguins have washed up dead on the shores in southern Brazil. Marine biologists and
veterinarians are working together to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths. But so far,
details remain hazy. The penguins don’t pearl physically injured or malnourished, and the
researchers have no traces of oil on their bodies. The lack of clues, and with the sheer number of
the penguins, have left puzzled.
30. What did the scientist find out about the dead penguins?
‫ماذا اكتشف العالم عن طيور البطريق الميتة؟‬
A. They were killed by oil.
B. They died on the beaches.
C. They DON’T know what killed them.
D. They were NOT killed while migrating.

58
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 9 (‫) المقاهي التقليدية والكافيات الحديثة تزدهر في الشرق الأوسط‬

Coffee shops and cafés are a big industry in the Middle East, cabining to form a USA billion market
in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Deeply-ingrained coffee-drinking actions have collided with
investment from international creating a thriving segment of modern coffee shops are now
battling with traditional cafés. Growth is high and competition is fierce, but unlike in most major
markets, cafés coffee shop chains are both finding impressive growth.
31. What can we understand from the passage? ‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم من القطعه؟‬
A. Cafés are causing coffees decline
B. Coffee shops are causing Cafés to decline
C. Coffee shops and cafés are thriving around the world.
D. Coffees shops and cafés are thriving in the Middle East.

Passage 10 (‫)محتوى برامج تلفزيونيه ومقاطع موسيقية تقدم للحيوانات‬

1) The cat TV program Meow TV features squirrels running up and down trees to fast-paced music.
DOG TV, on the other hand, shows three kinds of programs: calming, stimulating, and good
behavior reinforcement. All their programs use the colors and sounds that dogs can see and hear.
The idea is to keep dogs calm and occupied when their owners have to leave them home alone.
2) Dogs and cats in America are not the only animals being exposed to television these days. On a
Russian dairy farm near Moscow, the cows are watching TV. Farm workers installed six large
plasma screens in the cow farm. Then they selected 20 cows for an experiment. They divided them
into two equal groups. There is no special channel or program designed for cows, so the farmer
showed non-stop videos of beautiful, green grassy meadows and landscapes to the first group.
The other group got only the background music without the video. After a month, the cows that
were watching television produced on average three liters more milk than those that were not.
Veterinarians say the images relax the cows and put them in a good mood for milking.
32. What is the topic of paragraph 1)? ‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هو موضوع البرقراف‬
A. Squirrels and wild cats on TV
B. How TV shows can train dogs.
C. How dogs perceive sound and color.
D. The content of pet programs and TV shows
33. According to paragraph 2), why did the one group of cows give more milk?
‫ لماذا أنتجت مجموعة واحدة من الأبقار المزيد من الحليب؟‬، )2( ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. The farmer showed them movies about cows.
B. The farmer kept them in the barn.
C. They were happy and relaxed.
D. They liked the music.

59
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 11 (‫)محمد يونس مؤسس بنك بنجلاديش لمساعدة النساء والفقراء‬

Since Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank, it has made about 5.7 billion dollars in micro-
credit loans to more than six million people in Bangladesh. The program has enabled millions of
Bangladeshis, almost all women, to buy everything from cows to cell phones in order to start and
run their own businesses. Yunus’ strategy has been the opposite of traditional banks. He would
say: “If the banks lent to the rich, lent to the poor. If banks lent to men, I lent to women. If banks
required collateral, my loans were collateral free. If banks required a lot of paperwork, my loans
were illiterate friendly. if you had to go to the bank, my bank went to the village.”

34. The word their in the passage refers to ----------- ........‫تشير كلمة "هم" في المقطع إلى‬
A. banks
B. millions
C. businesses
D. Bangladeshis
35. What can we understand from the passage? ‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم من القطعه؟‬
A. Banks in Bangladesh require their clients to be illiterate.
B. Traditional banks in Bangladesh have failed to help women and the poor.
C. Micro-credit has a strong focus on lending to men
D. The majority of the micro-credit loans bought cows and mobiles.

Passage 12 (‫) سباق الهجن‬

A champion camel can be worth hundreds of thousands of royals in price money to be owner,
rider, and trainer. Also, it is important to the partly celebrated prestige and distinguished honor
of having a winner.
36. The word winner in this passage refers to ……‫تشير كلمة "الفائز في هذا المقطع إلى‬
A. Owner.
B. Rider.
C. Camel
D. Trainer
Passage 13 (‫) تاريخ اللغة الإنجليزية في جنوب افريقيا‬
The English language history of South Africa has many strands. There was initially a certain amount
of regional dialect variation among the different groups of British settlers, with the speech of the
London area predominant in the Cape, and Midlands and Northern speech strongly represented
in Natal; but in due course a more homogenous accent emerged – an accent that shares many
similarities with the accents of Australia, which was also being settled during this period. In
addition, English came to be used, along with Afrikaans and often other languages, by those with
an ethnically mixed background; and it was also adopted by the many immigrants from India, who
arrived in the country from around 1986.

60
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

37. Which English dialect was similar to the one in the Cape?
‫ما هي اللهجة الإنجليزية التي كانت مشابهة لتلك الموجودة في كيب؟‬
A. London
B. Midlands
C. Northlands
D. Australian
38. What word best describes the history of the English language at South Africa?
‫ما هي أفضل كلمة تصف تاريخ اللغة الإنجليزية في جنوب إفريقيا؟‬
A. short
B. simple
C. Complex
D. marginal

Passage 14
Vegetarian Indian immigrants to Great Britain began to suffer from pernicious anemia not long
after their arrival. It was discovered that the cause of the disease was the overly-hygienic dried
fruits and packaged foods they were consuming in Britain. Back in India, there were minute
amounts of insect parts in the dried fruits, and this provided them with enough Vitamin B, to
prevent anemia. Once food is sterilized, sanitized, freeze-dried, artificially colored and preserved
(all untouched by human hands), it is probably no longer fit for consumption anyway.
39- What causes pernicious anemia? ‫ما الذي يسبب فقر الدم الخبيث؟‬
(A) freeze-dried foods
(B) lack of Vitamin B12
(C) insect parts in food
(D) too many dried fruits

Passage 15 (‫)العود القطعة الصغيرة‬

Processing Oud through distillation produces extracts used in perfumes. As part of the distillation
process, Oud chips are heated in water. As the water evaporates and forces vapor into coiled
piped the remaining liquid separated from the water is the Oud oil. From this liquid, perfumes are
created that can then be applied directly to the body or hair.
40. The processing of Oud for perfumes requires ------- the chips.
.‫ الرقائق‬.........‫تتطلب معالجة العود للعطور‬.
A. evaporating
B. coiling
C. burning

61
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

D. distilling

Passage 16 (‫)حركة البروليتاريا كانت حركة مجتمعيه‬

In its modern form, communication grew out of the socialist movement of 19th century Europe. As
the Industrial Revolution advanced, socialist articles planned capitalism for the misery of the
proletariat a new class of urban factory workers who labored under often hard conditions.
Foremost among these critics were Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels. In 1848, Marx and
Engels offered a new definition of communication and proletariated the term in their famous
pamphlet the Communist.
41. Which of the following is TRUE?‫أي مما يلي حقيقه؟‬
A. The proletariat was a communist movement
B. Marx and Engels wrote about Communism
C. Factories were safe places to work
D. Engels opposed the proletariat

Passage 17 (‫) الجرافيم‬

1) Scientists often discover clever methods to advance their research. In 2003, one ingenious
physicist took a block of graphite, some Scotch tape and a lot of patience and fashioned a
remarkable new wonder material that is a million times thinner than paper, more conductive than
copper, and stronger than diamond. It is called grapheme, and physicists were wildly excited when
the first research article about grapheme describing the newly developed carbon material
appeared the following year.
2) Grapheme is a “wonder material”, a super-conductive form of carbon, made from sheets a single
atom thick. Physicists are so excited about it because it has the potential to completely transfigure
the field of electronics and nanotechnology.
3) The man who first isolated grapheme is Andre Geim. He works in an English university, but studied
at the Moscow Physical-Technical University and earned his PhD from the Institute of Solid-State
Physics in Chernogolovka, Russia.

42 . what does paragraph 1 say about graphene ‫ عن الجرافين؟‬1 ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
A. it is a form of carbon
B. it is a kind of copper
C. it is made of scotch tape
D. it is more precious than diamond
43. The word transfigure in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ----

62
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

........ ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "تغيير" في البرقراف‬

A. replace
B. inform
C. deform
D. change
44. According to Paragraph 3) , where is Andre Geim employed?
‫ أين يعمل أندريه جيم؟‬، )3 ‫وف ًقا للفقرة‬
A. in Cherngolovka
B. in Moscow
C. in England
D. at IBM

Passage 18 (‫)جزر الهاواي ظهورها وسبب تكونها‬

1) The formation of the Hawaiian Islands was very different from the formation of the continents.
Geologists believe that the islands appeared separately and more recently. According to the
geological evidence, they were formed by volcanoes only about 30 million years ago.
2) These volcanoes began when some cracks appeared on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. Deep
under the earth’s surface, the rocks are very hot, so hot that they are in a liquid from called lava.
This lava can sometimes come up through openings on the surface of the earth. The piles of lava
slowly build up and become mountains. When the openings are on the ocean floor, the mountains
are at first underwater. They may eventually become tall enough to rise above the water and form
islands. This is how the Hawaiian Archipelago was created.
3) Younger Hawaiian Islands are still growing. The Big Island of Hawaii has two active volcanoes
which are still adding new lava to the island. There are also new islands in the archipelago in the
process of formation. Geologists have found an underwater volcano about 30 miles south of the
island of Hawaii. Now about 3.000 feet below the surface of the ocean, it will probably rise above
the water. Someday, this volcano could become another Hawaiian island.
45- What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموض وع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) How geologists discovered volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands.
(B) How the Hawaiian Islands appeared and were formed in the sea.
(C) How a beautiful semi-circle reef surrounds the Hawaiian Islands.
(D) How mountains can be seen underwater near the Hawaiian shores
46. According to Paragraph 1), how and when do geologists say that the islands emerged?
‫ كيف ومتى يقول الجيولوجيون أن الجزر ظهرت؟‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. all at once less than 30 million years ago

63
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

B. one by one less than 30 million years ago

C. at all once more than 30 million years ago
D. on by one more than 30 million years ago
47. The word piles in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to --------
....... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬2 ‫كلمة "أكوام" في الفقرة‬
A. files
B. bands
C. stacks
D. assortments
48. The word it in Paragraph 3) refers to …………….‫) تشير إلى‬3 ‫الكلمة الواردة في البرقراف‬
A. volcano
B. ocean
C. island
D. surface
49. According to Paragraph 3), volcanoes cause ----------. .....‫ تسبب البراكين‬، )3( ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. the Hawaiian Island to disappear
B. more Hawaiian Islands to form
C. the ocean water to be warmer
D. coral reefs to form

Passage 17 (‫) قناة السويس و أهميتها لأوروبا‬

Use only information from the passage when you answer the questions.
1) In 1859, thanks to the efforts of a French diplomat and politician, Ferdinand de Lesseps, work
started on the Suez Canal. Though he was not an engineer, he had been haunted by the idea of
the canal since his youth. De Lesseps spent a decade supervising the massive operation that
involved the excavation of about 97 million cubic yards of earth.
2) De Lesseps first established an artificial harbor at Port Said as a base and had a canal dug from
the Nile to the Suez to provide fresh-water for the 20.000 laborers.
3) The official opening was on November 17, 1869. Representatives of almost every European royal
family attended the inauguration celebration. Ships from France, Russia, Austria, Italy, Britain, and
the United States sailed through the canal and de Lesseps’ dream was finally a reality. The total
cost of the project was an estimated $ 105 million, which at the time was a lot of money. This was
more than twice the original estimate, but it was a tiny sum compared with the value of the canal
to world trade.
50- According to Paragraph (1), De Lesseps was everything EXCEPT---
.......‫ كان دي ليسبس هو كل شيء باستثناء‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) an engineer

64
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(B) a diplomat
(C) a politician
(D) a Frenchman
51. According to paragraph 2), what was Port Said?‫) ماذا كانت بورسعيد؟‬2 ‫وفقا للفقرة‬
A. a Mediterranean port
B. a useful natural harbor
C. a large new city
D. a man-made harbor
52. What does paragraph 3), say about building the Suez Canal compared to modern standards?
‫) عن بناء قناة السويس مقارنة بالمعايير الحديثة؟‬3( ‫ماذا تقول البرقراف‬
A. It was very important politically.
B. It was extremely inexpensive.
C. It was very time-consuming.
D. It was extremely inefficient.
53. According to Paragraph 3), to whom was building the canal the most important?
‫ لمن كان بناء القناة هو الأهم؟‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. the Arab world
B. the Europeans
C. the Egyptians
D. the royalty

Passage 18 (‫)لعبة العجلة الدوارة وتطبيقاتها الفيزياية‬

1) If you’re studying physics, there are few more exhilarating things to learn about than a roller
coaster. Roller coasters are driven almost entirely by basic inertial and gravitational forces, all
manipulated in the service of a great ride.
2) Roller coasters have a long, fascinating history. The direct ancestors of roller coasters were
monumental ice slides that were popular in Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries.
3) Roller coaster historians diverge on the exact evolution of these ice slides into actual rolling carts.
The most widespread account is that a few entrepreneurial Frenchman imported the ice slide idea
to France. The warmer climate of France tended to melt the ice, so the French started building
waxed slides instead, eventually adding wheels to the sleds.
4) The first American roller coaster was the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway, built in the mountains
of Pennsylvania in the mid-1800s. the track, originally built to send coal to a railway, was
reconfigured as a “scenic tour.” For one dollar, tourists got a leisurely ride up to the top of the
mountain followed by a wild, bumpy ride back down. Over the next 30 years, these scenic rides
continued to thrive and were joined by wooden roller coasters similar to the ones we know today.

65
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

54. According to Paragraph 1), why are roller coasters of interest to physics students?
‫ ما سبب أهمية العجلات الدوارة لطلاب الفيزياء؟‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. They offer a great ride.
B. They are fast and complex
C. They run on various fascinating forces
D. They all work on the same fundamental principles.
55. The word ancestors in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to -------
........ ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "أسلاف في البرقراف‬
A. developments
B. predecessors
C. competitors
D. link
56. According to paragraph 3), why did the French change to rolling carts?
‫ لماذا تغير الفرنسيون إلى العربات المتدحرجة؟‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. they were entrepreneurial
B. France is warmer than Russia
C. the ice slides evolved over time
D. ice slides COULDN’T be imported
57. What of the following can we understand from paragraph 4)? ‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم مما يلي من‬
‫)؟‬4 ‫البرقراف‬
A. Switchback is no longer used to send coal to the railway.
B. The Switchback Railway was built for scenic tours.
C. The ride from the top of the mountain was calm and leisurely.
D. Very little development took place in the roller coaster industry after Switchback.

Passage 19

With lignin and appropriate architecture, we truly have wood. It is wood that makes trees. In
practice, it is mainly the cells of the conducting vessels that become lignified, and they and their
surrounding supporting cells are the main ingredient in timber.

58- The word they in the passage refers to -----------------.....‫تشير كلمة "هم" في القطعه إلى‬
(A) cells
(B) vessels
(C) trees
(D) lignin and architecture

Passage 20
(1) All applicants for graduate study at Central Institute of

66
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Technology (CIT) are required to submit a personal statement of educational objectives.

(2) You may wish to address: (1) why you are applying to
your chosen degree program, (2) what you hope to achieve through your education, (3) how
your degree program will relate to your long-range career objectives, (4) what personal or non-
academic qualities you will contribute to the learning environment in your program, (5) what (if
any) prior experience you have with respect to your chosen program, and (6) specifically, why
you want to attend CIT.

59- The word address in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ---------

......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "يخاطب" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) talk about something
(B) send to a destination
(C) research
(D) conclude
60- What is NOT included in the list in Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫ما الذي لم يتم تضمينه في القائمة في البرقراف‬
(A) Reasons for choosing the program
(B) Future professional goals
(C) Teaching experience
(D) Personal qualities

67
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 11
Passage 1 (‫)مايك الاطفائي وتجربة إطفاء منهكة‬

(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's arms
were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe the tears from
his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted.
Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only
thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smokejumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it would
jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would have to start all
over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too
exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head
and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man was not
brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he forgot about
himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others with whom he was
working.
21. According to Paragraph 1), it was hard for Mike to do job because -----------.
............‫ كان من الصعب على مايك القيام بعمل بسبب‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. his arms were strained and painful
B. he COULDN'T think very well
C. he was busy with other things
D. he DIDN'T work with others
22. According to Paragraph 1), Mike's only thought as he tried to put out the fire was –
............‫ فكر مايك الوحيد وهو يحاول إطفاء الحريق‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. to please his boss
B. to pump more water
C. to stop the blazing fire
D. to get something to drink
23. According to Paragraphs 1) and 2), the smokejumpers-built a -------- to stop the fire from
spreading. .........‫ لمنع انتشار الحريق‬-------- ‫ صممت مصدات الدخان‬، )2 ‫) و‬1 ‫وف ًقا للبرقرافين‬
A. fence
B. trench
C. firebreak
D. water line
24. The word greedy in Paragraph 1) means wanting ----------.
......... ‫) تعني الرغبة في‬1( ‫كلمة "جشع" في البرقراف‬
A. more
B. less
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. some
D. a little
25. The pronoun it in Paragraph 1) refers to ---------------......‫) يشير إلى‬1( ‫الضمير في البرقراف‬
A. the axe
B. the fire
C. the roar
D. the smoke
26. The words the flaming monster in Paragraph 1) refer to-------------.
.......‫) تشير إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "الوحش المشتعل" في البرقراف‬
A. Ben
B. the fire
C. the burning forest
D. the smokejumpers
27. According to Paragraph 2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ----------
..........‫جدا بحيث لا يستطيع التحرك بسبب‬
ً ‫ كان مايك مره ًقا‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. he had sweat all over him
B. he was covered with black ash
C. Ben did NOT give him much help
D. he had given so much to fight the fire
28. According to Paragraph 3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves -------------
........‫ علم بن مايك أن الشجاعة تعني‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. working with proper tools
B. avoiding fire hazards
C. losing one's courage
D. caring for others
29. The pronoun his in Paragraph 3) refers to -------------
..........‫) يشير إلى‬3( ‫الضمير في البرقراف‬
A. a man
B. a fireman
C. Mike
D. Ben

Passage 2 (‫)الباندا مي لان صينية الأصل‬

1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese government has
an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for scientific study. After a few
years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-
old female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx
flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.

69
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

2) Chinese Zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and even
language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers
at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly
and feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta,
Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's
degree or higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.
30. The word tutor in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to--------.
..... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "المعلم" في البرقراف‬
A. speaker
B. scientist
C. keeper
D. teacher
31. According to Paragraph 2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn Chinese?
‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم مي لان اللغة الصينية؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. so that she can speak with her caretakers
B. so that she will feel at home in China
C. so that she can forget her English
D. so that she will like her new diet
32. According to Paragraph 2, Where has Mei Lan been living? ‫ أين تعيش مي لان؟‬،)2 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
B. in an American research center
C. in Atlanta, Georgia
D. in Sichuan, China

Passage 3 (‫)النجوم الوانها واحجامها وبعدها وطرق تصنيفها‬

(1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different colors. Some
are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is also shown when we take color photographs
of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an ordinary camera as long as it is kept
steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
(2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found that blue
stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars which cannot be
classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a blue superstar as big as
40,000 suns and Beetle juice is a superstar with a size equal to 17,000 suns.
(3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of them is a
superstar, he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer. Astronomers have instruments
like light meters which can measure the brightness of a star quite accurately. It is possible to
measure a star's distance from the earth if astronomers know the color, brightness and whether
or not it is a superstar.

70
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

33. The pronoun it in Paragraph 1) refers to the ---------- ....‫) يشير إلى‬1( ‫الضمير في البرقراف‬
A. photograph
B. exposure
C. camera
D. star
34. According to Paragraph 1, the exposure time needed to photograph the night sky in color
is…… ..........‫ فإن وقت التعرض اللازم لتصوير سماء الليل بالألوان هو‬، 1 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. 10 seconds
B. 15 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 30 seconds
35. The word sufficient in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to -------
...... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "كافي" في البرقراف‬
A. enough
B. necessary
C. required
D. significant
36. According to Paragraph 2), Beetle juice is a superstar ----------.
.........‫ يعتبر نجم منكب الجوزاء من النجوم‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. as big as the sun
B. smaller than the sun
C. as big as 17,000 suns
D. as big as 40,000 suns
37. The word brighter in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ---------.
........ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3 ‫كلمة "أكثر إشرا ًقا" في البرقراف‬
A. more colorful
B. more shiny
C. smaller
D. larger
38. According to Paragraph 2), astronomers classify stars according to the following EXCEPT-----
---
...........‫ يصنف علماء الفلك النجوم وف ًقا لما يلي باستثناء‬، )2 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. size
B. color
C. shape
D. brightness
39. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
‫أي من الألوان التالية لم يرد ذكره في القطعه؟‬
A. green
B. yellow
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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. blue
D. red
40. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية لهذه القطعه؟‬
A. Astronomers have been able to measure how far the stars are from each other.
B. Astronomers have certain instruments to measure the color of the stars.
C. We can know the color of the stars by taking a photograph of the sky at night.
D. Stars can be categorized according to color and size.

Passage 4 (‫)المادة الجيلاتينية البرتقالية وحيرة العلماء من تفسير كنيتها وسبب لونها‬

(1) A mysterious, orange, sticky gel, found on the beaches of Kivalina, a village situated on the
Alaskan coast between Kotzebue and Point Hope, was recently the source of much interest. Many
people thought that the sticky gel was some strange compound that had spread as a result of a
chemical reaction. Others had more farfetched ideas about the substance's origins ranging from
aliens to volcanic remains.
(2) Scientists at an Alaskan laboratory have been busy analyzing the unknown substance. They
have concluded that it is a formation of microscopic eggs. One of the scientists said that there are
traces of oil in the eggs, and this is what is causing the strange, orange color.
(3) The scientists have discovered that the eggs belong to a small invertebrate - a spineless animal,
but they have not been able to identify the exact species.
41. According to Paragraph 1), the strange, orange substance was found ---------.
.......‫ تم العثور على المادة البرتقالية الغريبة‬، )1 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. on the beaches of Kotzebue
B. on the beaches of Point Hope
C. close to a compound in Alaska
D. between Kotzebue and Point Hope
42. The word far-fetched in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to --------
....... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬1 ‫كلمة "بعيد المنال" في البرقراف‬
A. difficult to believe
B. easy to believe
C. definite
D. clear
43. The word it in Paragraph 2) refers to ------------. .........‫) تشير إلى‬2 ‫الكلمة الواردة في البرقراف‬
A. traces of oil
B. a microscope
C. the unknown substance
D. one of Alaska's laboratories
44. According to Paragraph 2), the gel is orange in color because it -----------.
..........‫ يكون الجل برتقالي اللون لأنه‬، )2 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬

72
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

A. is microscopic
B. contains eggs
C. contains oil
D. is sticky
45. Which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي مما يلي حقيقه؟‬
A. Scientists have identified the species of animals that produced the strange gel.
B. OB Scientists do NOT know the species of animal that produced the strange gel.
C. Scientists dispute that the gel was produced due to a chemical reaction.
D. Scientists did NOT dispute that the gel was produced by an oil droplet.

Passage 5 (‫) بركان فيزوف‬

(1) It is certain that when the eruption of Vesuvius started on the morning of 24 August, in the
year 79 AD, it caught the population in the Roman city completely unprepared. We now know in
retrospect that all of the signs were there to warn them.
(2) It is mainly thanks to the vivid eyewitness account of Pliny the Younger that we have some
understanding of what happened. And it is through him that we can gain insight into the reactions
and feelings of the people caught up in the drama of this natural disaster.
(3) His account Naves no doubt that everyone was caught off guard. His uncle, known as Pliny the
Elder, was stationed in command of the imperial naval base at Misenum. In addition to being the
senior military officer in the district, he was also a scientist. His 37-volume Natural History is the
longest work on science in Latin that has survived from antiquity.
(4) Despite his scientific knowledge, the sighting of a column of smoke on the far side of the bay
triggered a response more of curiosity than of alarm. Pliny's casual reference to earth tremors
reveals the Roman's great ignorance of the link between seismic activity and volcanic eruptions.
(5) The volcanologists of today constantly monitor any changes in levels of seismic activity from
the observatory on Vesuvius because they know that the same increase of activity in the deep
reservoir of magma causes both earth tremors and volcanic eruptions. Through measuring seismic
activity, these scientists expect to predict an approaching eruption months before it happens.
(6) They also know that the activity of Vesuvius is recurrent, meaning it happens again and again,
and that the longer the intervals between eruptions, the greater the next explosion will be. The
frequent but low-level activity of Vesuvius in recent centuries has relieved the build-up of pressure
in the magma chamber. The catastrophic magnitude of the eruption of AD 79 was connected with
the extended period of inactivity that preceded it. A long interval combined with mounting seismic
activity is a sure sign of coming disaster. Of course, the Romans could not have known this.
46. The pronoun we in Paragraph 1) shows that the writer---- ‫) يدل على‬1( ‫الضمير نحن في البرقراف‬
.‫أن الكاتب‬
A. believes that his feelings will be shared by many others.
B. is distancing himself from the experience he describes.

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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C. is describing the experience of someone else.

D. is speaking to one particular person.
47. The phrase in retrospect in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ------------.
....... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬1 ‫العبارة "في الماضي" في البرقراف‬
A. looking out
B. looking back
C. looking away
D. looking forward
48. From Paragraph 2) we understand that Pliny the Younger------.
........‫) نفهم أن بليني الأصغر‬2( ‫من البرقراف‬
A. explained exactly how the eruption happened.
B. survived the eruption and told his uncle.
C. wrote his account as though it was a drama not really happening.
D. gave detail about the eruption and the effect it had on the population.
49. we can understand from Paragraph 6) that the eruption in 79AD was so severe because
A. There was a long time when there was no seismic activity and then it started again.
B. There was a continuous but growing amount of seismic activity in the area.
C. There is evidence that the pressure in the magma chamber was released over centuries.
D. There is such a severe eruption there around every hundred years.

Passage 6 (‫)النحل‬
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities Surat al-An'am, 38) and that they can
communicate more than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed
correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures
may also have feelings and emotions similar to those of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent years,
honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many explanations have
been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease and pesticides. Others say it
may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for
humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world's crops depend on bees. Farmers
are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells. After one
smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they were given a bitter
substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out their
tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put in a
stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in danger. These
stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells, and only chose the old smell which

74
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

they knew would be followed by a sweet treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a
strange smell would taste good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try
it. These bees had become “pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much more
likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of the brain
hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings of anxious and
stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This knowledge, along with
further investigations into bee behavior and "feelings" can hopefully be used to understand and
remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.
50. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph 1) refer to --------
.......‫) تشير إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "هذه المخلوقات المدهشة" في البرقراف‬
A. bees
B. insects
C. scientists
D. communities
51. Why are bees important to humans?‫لماذا النحل مهم للبشر؟‬
A. They have communities and can communicate
B. They are necessary to produce our food crops.
C. They are becoming more numerous than us.
D. They have feelings like us.
52. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
‫أي برقراف تصف كيف درب العلماء النحل؟‬
A. Paragraph 1)
B. Paragraph 2)
C. Paragraph 3)
D. Paragraph 4)
53. What can we understand about optimists in Paragraph 3)?
‫)؟‬3 ‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه عن المتفائلين في البرقراف‬
A. They are afraid to try new experiences.
B. They prefer the smells they learn first.
C. They are NOT afraid to try new things.
D. They feel stressed and worried.
54. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4)? ‫)؟‬4( ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
A. Humans and bees have the same hormones.
B. Humans are more affected by stress than bees.
C. Understanding similar feelings in humans and bees may help both.
D. Training stressed bees is important for treating human mood disorders.

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Passage 7 (‫)تسريب المياه في موقع العمل‬

1. The damage you described in your letter dated Jury has now been inspected.
The faults in the wiring appear to have been caused by dripping water from the floor above. The
electrical contractor, who installed the wiring in February, tells me that the wall was dry at the time
he replaced the old wires. However, we will arrange for repairs to be made and seal off that
section.
2. Dura’s floor is one of the most hardwearing materials of its kind on the market and we were
surprised to hear that it had worn away within six months, so we made a closer inspection. We
noticed that the floor had been cut into and this seems to have been the result of dragging heavy
metal boxes across it. The one-year guarantee we offer on our workmanship is against ‘normal
wear and tear' and the treatment the floor appears to have been subjected to does not fall into
this category. I am quite willing to arrange for the surface to be replaced, but we will have to
charge you for the materials and work involved. If I may, I would like to suggest that you instruct
your staff to use trolleys when shifting heavy containers.
3. I am sorry about the inconvenience you have experienced and will tell the fitters to repair the
damage as soon as I have your confirmation that they can begin work.
55. The passage is ------------------. ‫القطعه تكون‬
A. a complaint
B. a reply to a complaint
C. a work order
D. a reply to an enquiry
56. According to Paragraph 1), the problems with wiring were caused by ----------- .
.....‫ كانت المشاكل المتعلقة بالأسلاك ناتجة عن‬، )1 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. the electrical contractor
B. the new wires
C. the old wires
D. leaking water
57. According to Paragraph 1), the floor problems were caused by ------------
.......‫ كانت مشكلات الأرضية ناجمة عن‬، )1 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. poor workmanship
B. normal wear and tear
C. the use of faulty material
D. the employees working in that area
58. According to Paragraph 2), which of the following is TRUE?
A. Staff needs to be instructed about how to treat the floor.
B. The damaged floor surface will be replaced free of charge.
C. The floor surface needs to be inspected every year in July.

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D. Dura’s floor needs to be replaced every six months.

59. According to Paragraph 4), the replacement of the damaged floor surface ----.
‫ أي مما يلي صحيح؟‬، )2 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. is going to begin when the customer notifies the contractor.
B. is going to begin when the workmen are available.
C. has already finished.
D. has already begun.
60. The word inconvenience in Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to -----------
....... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬4 ‫كلمة "إزعاج" في البرقراف‬
A. time pressure
B. coincidence
C. bad luck
D. trouble

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Model 12
Passage 1 (‫) الحرب العالمية الثانية قوتها التدميرية واثارها‬

(1) Modern wars bring death and destruction wherever they occur. Sophisticated weapons have
been developed that can wipe out a whole city. The most destructive war in history is World War
II, fought from 1939 to 1945. World War II involved gigantic struggles not only in Europe but in
Asia, Africa, and the Pacific as well. More than 25 million military personnel and 30 million civilians
were killed in the war. Its conduct strained the economic capabilities of the major nations and left
many countries on the edge of collapse. World War II cost more than any three previous wars
combined.
(2) Disasters continued even after the war ended. Damage to communication networks disrupted
the transport of raw materials and finished products. The irregularity of supplies to industry and
the destruction inflicted on the production apparatus resulted in a considerable number of
temporary layoffs. Even in the victorious countries. food rationing continued well after the end of
the war. Crime and law-breaking increased. The simultaneous reconstruction of accommodation,
industry and the transport infrastructure stifled national economies. Under these conditions,
people were first and foremost preoccupied with the restrictions affecting everyday life and often
had difficulty in thinking about their long-term future. The shortage of coal in the very hard winter
of 1946-1947 led to widespread strikes and mass demonstrations.
21. The word occur in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to _______
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1 ‫كلمة "يحدث" في البرقراف‬
A. go
B. fight
C. stand
D. happen
22. Why can some weapons destroy a whole city? ‫لماذا يمكن لبعض الأسلحة تدمير مدينة بأكملها؟‬
A. Because modern weapons are more advanced.
B. Because nowadays cities are smaller.
C. Because modern weapons are bigger.
D. Because delivery systems are faster.
23. According to Paragraph 1), World War II started in __________.
........‫ بدأت الحرب العالمية الثانية في‬، )1 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. 1936
B. 1939
C. 1945
D. 1954
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24. Compared to other wars, which of the following statements is true concerning World War II?
‫ أي العبارات التالية صحيحة فيما يتعلق بالحرب العالمية الثانية؟‬، ‫مقارنة بالحروب الأخرى‬
a) Fewer cities were destroyed
b) More destruction happened.
c) Less destruction happened.
d) Fewer people died.
25. How many deaths in the military were there in World War II?
‫كم عدد القتلى في الجيش هناك في الحرب العالمية الثانية؟‬
a) less than 25 million
b) more than 25 million
c) about 30 million
d) more than 30 million
26. According to Paragraph 1), the cost of World War II was ________.
.....‫ كانت تكلفة الحرب العالمية الثانية‬، )1 ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
a) less for defeated countries
b) less than the next two wars
c) more for victorious countries
d) more than any three wars before it
27. When World War II ended, _________. ..........‫عندما انتهت الحرب العالمية الثانية‬
a) life went back to normal
b) life became simpler
c) disasters remained
d) disasters stopped
28. According to Paragraph 2), which of the following increased after World War II?
‫ أي مما يلي زاد بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية؟‬، )2 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. communication and transport
B. industry and production
C. crime and law-breaking
D. work and jobs
29. After the war, people did NOT think about their long-term future because _______
.............‫ لم يفكر الناس في مستقبلهم على المدى الطويل بسبب‬، ‫بعد الحرب‬
A. they were busy with their immediate problems
B. they were expecting another war
C. many people died in the war
D. they lost interest in the war
30. Strikes occurred during the winter of 1946-1947 because __________.
...............‫ بسبب‬1947-1946 ‫وقعت الإضرابات خلال شتاء‬
A. there was a shortage of demonstrations
B. there were widespread layoffs
C. it was a very hard winter
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D. there was a lack of coal

Passage 2 ( ‫)شخص (ربة منزل) مشغولة بأعمال المنزل مثل غسل الأرضية‬
Every morning, I get up and make my son's lunch to take to school. Then I do some housework
to keep our home clean and tidy. Next, I wake up my son, Muhammad, and make his breakfast.
I'm always in a hurry in the morning.
31. This person is _______. ....... ‫هذا الشخص‬
A. busy
B. bored
C. angry
D. unhappy
32. An example of housework is to ________ ....‫مثال على الأعمال المنزلية هو‬
A. spend time with the family
B. study for school
C. wash the floor
D. go shopping

Passage 3 (‫)تغير عادات الغذاء عالميا وتأثير الاكل الغربي في اليابان والتشيك‬
(1) The growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of
various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are damaging health in the
industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the
typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products like whole milk, ice
cream, etc.) and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dessert full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar.
According to Japanese health researchers, such changes in eating habits are related to a great
increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes.
(2) On the other hand, the changing global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the
Czech Republic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy
products financially. so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables
are becoming more widely available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving
salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating more nutritious, home-cooked meals. For these
reasons. fewer Czech men are having heart attacks. the women are losing a lot of weight, and
most people are living healthier lives.
33. A good title for the passage would be ________ ...... ‫سيكون العنوان الجيد لهذه القطعه‬
A. Japan and the Czech Republic
B. Cultures Around the World
C. Changes in Global Diet
D. Health Problems

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34. According to Paragraph 1), Western foods are _____. .....‫ فإن الأطعمة الغربية‬، )1 ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
A. making health much better in Japan
B. making health much worse in Japan
C. NOT becoming available in Japan
D. having NO effect on the Japanese
35. Because people in the Czech Republic eat more nutritious, home-cooked meals, __
........، ‫ ووجبات مطبوخة في المنزل‬، ‫لأن الناس في جمهورية التشيك يأكلون وجبات مغذية أكثر‬
A. all people are living healthy lives
B. more people are living healthy lives
C. fewer people are living healthy lives
D. more people are having heart attacks
36. The words “these foods” in Paragraph 2) refer to __________.
.....‫) إلى‬2 ‫تشير عبارة "هذه الأطعمة" في البرقراف‬
A. OA Western foods
B. Japanese foods
C. meat and dairy products
D. fresh fruits and vegetables
37. The word nutritious in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to having ________.
.......‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى الحصول على‬2( ‫كلمة "مغذي" في البرقراف‬
A. high food value
B. medium food value
C. low food value
D. no food values

Passage 4 A&B ‫نمط الشخصية‬

(1) Every person on this planet has a different and unique personality. However, each individual
personality can be placed into one of two groups: Type A or Type B. Let's take a look at what the
differences between these two personality types are.
(2) First let's start by understanding what each type means. The Type B personality is the norm. It's
the average person. They are usually calm and collected most of the time and it takes a lot to
irritate them. Needless to say, they are very seldom overstressed. When they do feel stress, they
tend to handle the pressure by being productive rather than destructive. Ordinarily, type B people
don't mind driving behind a slow car. They don't care too much if the line is long at the bank or
grocery store. Their pace in life is relaxed and they are not in a big hurry to get things done. It is
safe to categorize Type B personalities as being people who are patient with others as well as

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themselves in almost all situations - including work. Thus, a Type B personality may be perceived
to be somewhat relaxed and nonchalant regarding dedication to his occupation.
(3) The person who has a Type A personality, on the other hand, is like that person driving behind
you beeping and cursing because he thinks you should be driving faster. Type A personalities are
not the calmest of people and are rarely fully collected. Type A people get irritated much more
easily than type B people do. They become impatient when standing in a queue and tend to
always feel like they are in a hurry. These are the people you see tapping their foot when you are
in front of them in line. Type A people often live fast paced lives. They hate to waste time and
become angry when things slow them down.
(4) The hard-charging Type A personality, unlike the Type B personality, is undoubtedly dedicated
to his occupation. He is so dedicated, in fact, that more often than not he is a workaholic. “I'll sleep
when I'm dead" is most likely his reply to the one who expresses concern about the long hours he
spends at work. He is the kind of person who feels that time spent sleeping is time lost.
(5) Perhaps he should give heed to a recent British study. The 17-year study of 10.000 workers
showed that those who reduced their sleep from seven hours per night to five or less doubled
their risk of cardiovascular-related death. The researchers who conducted the study concluded
that a lack of sleep is linked to high blood pressure which in turn is a known risk factor for both
heart disease and stroke.
(6) Probably most of us fall somewhere in the middle and are a mixture of both the Type A
personality and the Type B personality. It may even be that at different points in our lives we
exhibit stronger characteristics of one or the other personality type. We should all take heed,
therefore, of the result of this study and aim for a balanced and healthy expenditure of energy
divided between our work and our play. As we achieve such a balance, we will naturally be inclined
to pay attention to the needs of our bodies for wasting time in both sleep and relaxation. Attaining
such a balance can make us aware, perhaps for the first time, of the joy of being fully human.
38. The word individual in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ________.
........... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬1 ‫كلمة "فردي" في البرقراف‬
A. direct
B. simple
C. separate
D. eccentric
39. According to Paragraph 3), Type A personalities are different from Type B personalities in that
they always seem to be ____________.
...........‫دائما‬
ً ‫ تختلف شخصيات النوع أ عن الشخصيات من النوع ب في أنها تبدو‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. hard to irritate
B. patient with others
C. in a fully collected state
D. in a rush to do something
40. According to Paragraph 5), what did a study conducted by British researchers discover about
reduced sleep? ‫ ما الذي اكتشفته دراسة أجراها باحثون بريطانيون حول قلة النوم؟‬، )5 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
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A. It affects blood pressure.

B. It increases the heartbeat.
C. It affects mental health.
D. It causes sudden death.
41. According to P 6), where do most people fall between Type A and B personalities?
‫ أين يقع معظم الأشخاص بين الشخصيات من النوع (أ) و (ب)؟‬، )6 ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A. They are in the middle.
B. They are Type A personalities.
C. They are Type B personalities.
D. They are Type C personalities.
42. According to the conclusion, what should our goal be? ‫حسب الخاتمة ماذا يجب أن يكون هدفنا؟‬
A. the exhibition of strong characteristics
B. a balance between work and play
C. declining the needs of our bodies
D. paying attention to time

Passage 5 (‫)معنى كلمة ضروري في قطعة صغيرة عن الغوص‬

One of the most interesting water activities available is scuba diving. Diving requires some
preparation: equipment must be purchased or rented, essential lessons must be taken and
certification must be obtained before diving.
43. The word essential in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.
......... ‫كلمة "أساسي" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A. necessary
B. practical
C. difficult
D. useful

Passage 6 (‫)برامج تشغيل الملحقات وطريقة عملها‬

(1) A device driver is software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with a
computer. This type of software is used by printers, monitors, graphics cards, sound cards, and
modems. Once installed, a device driver usually runs in the background without opening a window
on the screen. Suppose you connect a new printer to your computer. You might also have to
install a printer driver or select a preinstalled driver. After the device driver is installed, it runs in
the background to send data to the printer whenever you begin a print job.
(2) On a Mac, you can click the Apple icon, select About this Mac, and then select More Info to
look at a list of devices connected to your computer. By selecting a device, you can view
information about it, including the driver version number. It's always important to remain up-to-
date, so check the manufacturer's website to make sure that your version is current. On a PC, if
you need to update a device driver or change its settings. you can usually access the driver by

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using the Start menu's Control Panel option and opening the System icon. Then use the Device
Manager option to view a list of your computer system hardware and corresponding device
drivers.
44. The main purpose of a device driver is to _______. ........ ‫الغرض الرئيسي من برنامج تشغيل الجهاز هو‬
A. begin a print job
B. run in the background
C. connect to the internet
D. connect hardware to the computer
45. The word current in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ________.
........... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬2 ‫كلمة "الحالي" في البرقراف‬
A. paid
B. legal
C. recent
D. registered
46. The main idea of the passage is to explain how _________.
........‫الفكرة الرئيسية للقطعه هي شرح كيف‬
A. a printer is installed
B. a device driver works
C. to use a personal computer
D. important it is to update your device driver
47. A device driver is best described as a _______. ...... ‫أفضل وصف لبرنامج تشغيل الجهاز هو ملف‬
A. type of printer
B. type of modem
C. piece of software
D. peripheral device

Passage 8 (‫)الرحلات الشاملة للوجبات والانتقالات والسكن‬

Busy people don't want their vacations to be a hassle. That's why all-inclusive resorts are becoming
popular. At these resorts, one price includes all meals, drinks, lodging, and sightseeing. Golf,
tennis, and swimming are available for free. Other sports, such as scuba diving, deep-sea fishing,
and rock climbing, may require separate fees for equipment rental, but instruction and excursions
are included. Many resorts also include children's activities as part of the package.
48. What does all-inclusive resort mean? ‫ماذا يعني المنتجع الشامل؟‬
A. It is a large resort.
B. It is a family-oriented resort.
C. It costs more than other resorts.
D. It covers food, lodging, and activities.
49. Which of the following might cost extra? ‫أي مما يلي قد يكلف أكثر؟‬
A. all meals

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B. golf and tennis

C. equipment rental
D. excursions and instruction
Passage 9 (‫)الاجتماعات تنظيمها والتخطيط لها لتكون فعالة‬
Meetings can waste a great deal of time, but you can make your meeting run more smoothly by
following a few simple rules. First, have an agenda. This will help keep you focused on what is
important. Next, decide who needs to be involved. More people mean less efficient discussion.
Finally, keep the discussion moving. Thank each speaker as he or she finishes and move on to the
next speaker. This encourages people to make their remarks brief. And don't forget: what happens
after a meeting is more important than what happens during a meeting. The skills used then are
more professional and less procedural. So, no matter how well you run a meeting, it is the work
that gets done after the meeting that is important.
50. The main idea of the passage is that meetings _______.
.......‫الفكرة الرئيسية للقطعه هي أن الاجتماعات‬
A. waste a lot of time
B. are NOT necessary
C. need to be held frequently
D. need to be planned and organized
51. The word remarks in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
.......... ‫كلمة "ملاحظات" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A. information
B. comments
C. schedules
D. time
52. The writer says that ___________. ......... ‫الكاتب يقول‬
A. you should only invite people who are necessary
B. more people make a more productive meeting
C. it is NOT necessary to prepare for a meeting
D. it is NOT necessary to thank speakers

Passage 10 (‫) الراديو في السعودية بين الماضي والحاضر‬

(1) The history of radio in Saudi Arabia goes back to 1949 when the airwaves were filled with the
recitation of the Holy Qur'an that won the hearts of millions across the Kingdom. In the early
decades, expensive, large wooden box radios were confined to the elite. Later, more advanced
transistor radios reached the rest of the people. Today, in Saudi Arabia radio has been completely
transformed by the various private players that have entered the sector since the government
opened up licenses to them, creating more variety to add to the public stations. With the
introduction of social media, many broadcasters thought that the time for radio was over.

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However the reality is quite different. Many listeners tune in to online radio stations nowadays,
and a large number of listeners tune in while driving.
(2) Though there is a wide range of choice available to Arabic listeners, English listeners have little
choice in the Kingdom. Only a few stations offer broadcast services in English such as Radio
Riyadh. Meanwhile. Jeddah Radio's Urdu service broadcasts in the afternoon and has a large
following. These programs are particularly popular during Hajj season, as they contain a variety of
topics supported by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs.
53. Which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي من التالي هو حقيقه؟‬
A. All Saudi stations are privately owned.
B. A lot of people listen to the radio in their cars.
C. Urdu is the most common language on the radio.
D. Radio Riyadh is the only English language station available.
54. The word them in Paragraph 1) refers to _______. ........‫) تشير إلى‬1 ‫كلمة "هم" في البرقراف‬
A. radios
B. government
C. private players
D. the rest of the people
55. You can understand from Paragraph 1) that _______. ..... ‫) أن‬1 ‫يمكنك أن تفهم من البرقراف‬
A. radios are rarely used in Saudi Arabia
B. radio broadcasters control media licensing
C. the early use for radio was mainly to play music
D. developments in technology made radios cheaper
56. At what time of day are you most likely to hear the Urdu language service?
‫في أي وقت من اليوم تستمع إلى خدمة اللغة الأردية على الأرجح؟‬
A. 5 am
B. 9 am
C. 3 pm
D. 8 pm

Passage 11 (‫) رحلة سياحية ثقافية لاسطنبول لمعرفة تاريخها‬

Classical, Byzantine, and Ottoman Turkey

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(1) Istanbul is one of the great cities of the world. It began as a city inside the Greek colony of
Byzantium, then known as Constantinople, capital of the fabulously wealthy Byzantine Empire. For
a further 400 years. Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire. In the time of Suleyman the
Magnificent, it outshone all its predecessors.
(2) New excavations at Troy have revealed so much more of the city and its vast defenses. We shall
visit the site. along with the other major classical cities of the Aegean, so many of which, like
Miletus, trace their own foundation to heroes returning from the Trojan Wars.
(3) We shall use our own classic boats with Byzantine design, but fitted with the most modern
conveniences private bathrooms; chefs to prepare excellent Turkish cuisine; stewards to wait on
your every need. It's a perfect way to relax, learn and absorb the ambience of this epic past.
ITINERARY
(4) 24 MAY: Morning check-in at Heathrow for flight to Istanbul. Transfer for a three-night stay to
the Sultanahmet Palace Hotel in the heart of the old city.
(5) 25 MAY: Walking visit to the "Old City of Constantinople - the Byzantine Hippodrome and the
Aya Sofia, built during the reign of Emperor Justinian, who governed during the 6th Century AD.
Also visit the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace where the treasures of the Ottoman Empire are on
display, and the Archaeological Museum with important Greek artifacts and an overview of
Byzantine Constantinople.
57. The intended audience for this passage is most likely ___________.
..............‫الجمهور المستهدف لهذه القطعه هم أكثر احتمالا‬
A. geographers
B. historians
C. students
D. tourists
58. In the past, Istanbul used to be called __________. ...... ‫ كان يطلق على اسطنبول اسم‬، ‫في الماضي‬
A. Greece
B. Ottoman
C. Byzantium
D. Constantinople
59. The word reign in Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to ________.
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬5 ‫كلمة "عهد" في البرقراف‬
A. rule
B. visit
C. year
D. history
60. The participants are most likely to take part in _____ . ..............‫من المرجح أن يشارك المشاركون في‬
A. culture and art tours
B. beach and water sports
C. wildlife and nature spotting
D. hiking and mountain climbing
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Model 13
Passage 1 )‫)ابن سينا‬
1) Husayn ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina is well known in the Arab world simply as «Ibn Sina». He is also
well known in the West by the name «Avicenna» which simplifies the pronunciation. In 980 A.D.
Avicenna was born in Bukhara which is now part of Russia and known as Uzben. By the age of
10, he was already proficient in the Qur'an and Arabic classics. By the age of 16, he finished
Islamic law studies, geometry, anatomy, logic and philosophy. By the age of 18. he completed
the study of medicine. Soon after that, he became the Prime Minister and the physician of the
Ruler of Bukhara. The Ruler was impressed by the intelligence and endurance of his Prime
Minister and opened for him Library which was unique in its literary richness.
2) Avicenna's life was extraordinarily exhausting. All day long he was busy with his patients and
government work. At night, he was busy lecturing and writing books. After many years of hard
work and many achievements, Avicenna died in 1037 A.D. at the age of 57.
3) Avicenna wrote 100 treatises: 21 of them were major of which 16 were in medicine. He wrote a
book in medicine named Al Qanon fi Al Tibb. It was translated into many languages. Al Qanon fi
Al Tibb is an encyclopedia containing more than one million words. It consists of five volumes.
21.The word) physician) means….. ‫كلمة (طبيب) تعني‬
A. Doctor
B. Scientist
C. engineer
D. psychologist
22. The word proficient in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ... ‫) هي‬1( ‫كلمة بارع في البرقراف‬
....... ‫الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A skilled.
B trained.
C dedicated.
D disciplined.
23. According to par 1) why does the Western world use a different name for Ibn-Sina?
‫اسما مختل ًفا لابن سينا؟‬
ً ‫) لماذا يستخدم العالم الغربي‬1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A They did NOT likes Arabic names.
B They did NOT want the world to know his nationality.
C Names change when used by speakers of a different language.
D He did NOT speak their language.
24. According to P 1), Soon after Ibn Sina finished his study of medicine, he became the.....
............‫ أصبح‬، ‫ بعد فترة وجيزة من انتهاء ابن سينا من دراسة الطب‬، )1( ‫ وف ًقا للبرقراف‬.....
A manager of the Royal Library.
B assistant of the Prime Minister.
C teacher of the Ruler of Bukhara.
D doctor for the Ruler of Bukhara.

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25. According to Paragraph 2), which statement describes Avicenna's life?

‫ أي عبارة تصف حياة ابن سينا؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A He worked mainly during the day.
B He scarcely worked at night.
C He used to travel a lot.
D He worked very hard.
26. According to Paragraph 3), Al Qanon fi Al Tibb, consists of ……
............‫) القانون في الطب يتكون من‬3( ‫وفق البرقراف‬
A. 5 volumes.
B. 16 encyclopedias.
C. 21 chapters.
D. 100 treatises.
27. According to P 3), which of the following is TRUE about Al Qanon fi al Tibb?
‫) أي مما يلي صحيح في القانون في الطب؟‬3( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
A It has never been translated.
B It has been translated into many languages.
C It has been translated into a few languages.
D It has not been translated into the Russian language.

Passage 2 (‫)مدائن صالح نسخة مصغرة‬

The buildings and monuments that we can see today at Mada'in Saleh are remnants of the great
and very rich Nabatean kingdom. Other famous buildings of this civilization are found in
northern Syria and in Petra in Jordan, which was the Nabatean capital.
28. What does the passage say about Petra? ‫ماذا يقول المقطع عن البتراء؟‬
A It is in northern Syria.
B It is the capital of Jordan.
C It was the Nabatean capital.
D It was a successful commercial city.

Passage 3 (‫)صناعة الورق والبردي‬

1) The paper we use today is made by machine. Trees are cut up and processed into a mixture
called wood pulp. The pulp, containing tiny cellulose fibers, is pressed and rolled out to form
sheets of paper.
2) The first manmade writing material was not paper. About 4,000 years ago, the ancient
Egyptians took the fibrous stems of the papyrus plant, flattened them, laid them crosswise and
pressed them down to stick them together. When dried, this made a piece of papyrus that could
be written on.
3) Paper was first made in China around the year 105 CE by a man called Ts'ailun. He found a
way to make paper from the stringy inner bark of the mulberry tree. The bark was pounded in

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water to separate the fibers. This mixture was then poured into a bamboo tray to let the water
drain out. After that, the soft mat of paper was moved onto a smooth, flat surface to dry. Later,
someone discovered that the paper could be improved by brushing it with starch to make it
stronger.
4) Chinese traders travelled around Asia as far as Samarkand. There, they met with Arab
merchants who learned the secret of making paper and took it to Spain. Afterwards, the art of
papermaking spread throughout the rest of Europe.
5) Since then, many kinds of machines have been invented and improved methods discovered
for making paper. One of the most important, for example, was a machine developed in France
in 1798. This machine could make a continuous sheet or web of paper. Before, paper could only
be produced in separate sheets.
29. According to Paragraph 2), what did the early Egyptians use to make their writing material?
‫ ما الذي استخدمه المصريون الأوائل لصنع مواد كتابتهم؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
A mulberry bark.
B wood pulp.
C bamboo.
D papyrus.
30. The word them in Paragraph 2) refers to …… ..........‫) تشير إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "هم" في البرقراف‬
Ancient Egyptians.
B writing materials.
C papyrus stems.
D paper.
31. The first real paper was made in ……. ............ ‫تم صنع أول ورقة حقيقية في‬
A China.
B Egypt.
C France.
D Samarkand.
32. Who introduced the paper-making process to Europe? ‫من الذي قدم عملية صناعة الورق إلى‬
‫أوروبا؟‬
A Ts'ailun.
B Chinese traders.
C the Arabs.
D the Spanish.
33. Which component is necessary for making both paper and papyrus?
‫ما هو المكون الضروري لصنع كل من الورق والبردي؟‬
A tree bark.
B tree wood.
C plant starch.
D fibrous material.

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Passage 4 (‫)قطعة نصف سطر عن فهم المقارنة والتشبيه‬

Adam is not as tall as Eric
34- what can we understand from the passage? ‫ماذا نفهم من القطعه؟‬
A - Adam is taller than Eric.
B – Eric is taller than Adam.
C – Adam is as tall as Eric
D – Eric is as tall as Adam.

Passage 5 (‫)مناخ بعض مدن المملكة‬

Strong winds will raise dust and sand, reducing visibility over the northern and central Kingdom
between Makkah and Madinah, with the possibility of increasing temperatures over these
regions. Suspended haze will spread over Qassim, Hail and northern parts of the Riyadh region,
limiting visibility and making driving hazardous. Parts of the central and eastern Kingdom will be
partly cloudy, with chances of rain. Storm clouds may form over the southwestern and Western
highlands, including Abha. Baha and Taif.
36. Which parts of the Kingdom may receive rain? ‫في أي أجزاء من المملكة يمكن أن تهطل الأمطار؟‬
A. the central and eastern parts.
B. the central and northern parts.
C. the northern and eastern parts.
D. the northern and western parts.
37. The forecast for Makkah and Medina is …… ‫توقعات الطقس في مكة المكرمة والمدينة المنورة هي‬
A clear and sunny.
B stormy and cool.
C rainy and cool.
D dusty and hot.
38. Which city may expect to see storm clouds? ‫أي مدينة قد تتوقع رؤية غيوم العاصفة؟‬
A Makkah.
B Riyadh.
C Hail.
D Baha.
39. Where will it probably be difficult to see clearly while driving? ‫أين سيكون من الصعب على‬
‫الأرجح الرؤية بوضوح أثناء القيادة؟‬
A Taif.
B Qassim.
C the western highlands.
D the eastern part of the Kingdom.

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Passage 6 – ‫))الهجرة وتأثير اللغة الام على الجيل الأول واشتهرت القطعة بالأم الكورية‬
(‫)نكتفي بالسؤال والاجابة لعدم توفر باقي الخيارات ويفضل هنا حفظ الإجابات فقط‬

40. What is the best title of the passage? ‫ما هو أفضل عنوان في القطعه؟‬
a. Language and its effect on the identity of immigrants
41. The word Americanized) means…… .......‫كلمة (متأمرك) تعني‬
a. People who imitate the Americans. Or the girl acting like Americans
42. The pronoun they) refers to….. .......‫الضمير (هم) يشيرون إليه‬
a. The mother and her second daughter young daughter)
43. The word suffer) means…. ......‫كلمة (يعاني) معناها‬
a. The problems they experienced
44. The 14-year-old girl, how many languages does she know?
‫ كم لغة تعرفها؟‬، ‫عاما‬
ً 14 ‫الفتاة البالغة من العمر‬
a. Only one language English)
45. The 18-year-old girl, how many languages does she know?
‫ كم لغة تعرفها؟‬، ‫عاما‬
ً 18 ‫الفتاة البالغة من العمر‬
a. Two languages Korean and English)
46. Does the mother always speak Korean with her daughters or just to this daughter?
‫دائما أم تتحدث مع هذه الابنة فقط؟‬
ً ‫هل تتحدث الأم الكورية مع بناتها‬
E. To all of her children
47. According to paragraphs 2&3, what is true about them?
‫ ما هو الصحيح عنهم؟‬، )3 ‫ و‬2( ‫في البرقرافين‬
a. The second daughter is older than the boy.
48. Why doesn't the second daughter speak Korean?
‫لماذا لا تتحدث الابنة الثانية الكورية؟‬
a. Because she only speaks English American)
49. Why is the aunt trying to teach her children to speak Korean?
‫لماذا تحاول الخالة تعليم أطفالها التحدث باللغة الكورية؟‬
a. To help them establish a Korean identity
50. The miscommunication between children and their parents will lead to …..
.........‫سيؤدي سوء التواصل بين الأطفال وأولياء أمورهم إلى‬
a. Big problems

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Passage 7 (‫) قطعة عن معنى كلمتين‬

My uncle Ahmad is a physician. He helps people when they are sick. When his patients go to the
office, he may ask them to breathe while he listens to their chest. Then he listens to the sound of
the air in their lungs. He may have to ask them many questions and examine them to see what is
making them sick. He helps people have better health.
51. The word examine in the passage is closest in meaning to…… closely.
‫كلمة "فحص" في المقطع هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل …… عن قرب‬.
A talking.
B looking.
C listening.
D questioning.
52. The word physician means….. .........‫كلمة طبيب تعني‬
a. Doctor
b. Scientist
C. engineer
D. psychologist

Passage 8 ‫الأقمشة والخياطة‬

1) Imagine if you had to create your own fabric to make all of your clothes, bed linens, and other
furnishings. It would probably be very time-consuming and inconvenient. Modern, mechanized
textile making is something that most of us take for granted, as we have always been able to just
go to a store to purchase ready-made clothing and other necessities. Interestingly, despite
technological advances, the main methods of making fabric have actually remained quite similar
from ancient times until now.
2) Most fabrics are created by weaving long threads together, a technique which has changed very
little throughout history. Hand weaving is done on a frame or handloom, whereas mechanized
weaving is done on a power loom. The main distinction between hand weaving and mechanized
weaving is that the latter method allows huge quantities of good quality fabric to be produced
very quickly. further allowing the speedy.
3) Other methods of creating fabric include knitting ?? crocheting Knitting involves the use of
knitting needles that have several active loops of one or more strands of yarn waiting to
interlock with another loop. Crochet on the other hand, only involves one active loop on a
crochet hook at one time. Like weaving, knitting has been mechanized by a knitting machine,
allowing for the mass production of items requiring stretchy knit fabric, such as socks and
sweaters. Crochet, however, has never been mechanized, so any fabric that has been made by
crochet is always done by hand.
4) Despite technological advancements, there has always been a demand and appreciation for
items that have been made by hand. Some people enjoy knitting or crocheting as a relaxing

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hobby or as a way to earn some extra money. Other people prefer the look and feel of a
handcrafted item to that of a machine-made one, and are often willing to pay a higher price for
something handmade. Often, handcrafted products like hand-woven rugs and hand-knitted
sweaters are of better quality and much more expensive than machine-made ones. As it may be
impractical for many of us to have every textile-based product we purchase be handmade, or to
make them ourselves, knowing how much time and effort that can go into creating textiles may
at least help us better appreciate all the fabrics we use every day.
51. What is the best title of the passage? ‫ما هو أفضل عنوان في القطعه؟‬
a. The history of hand-made fabric
52. The meaning of function) ........)‫معنى (الوظيفة‬
a. Position
53. What is the difference between knitting and crochet? ‫ما الفرق بين الحياكة والكروشيه؟‬
a. Sewing is better
b. Knitting is more quality
c. Both use different methods.
54. Why do people prefer hand-made? ‫لماذا يفضل الناس صناعة يدوية؟‬
a. Because they see how much effort they put in.
55. A comparison between manual machine and sewing machine, which one of them has
more production? ‫ أيهما أكثر إنتاجاً؟‬، ‫مقارنة بين الماكينة اليدوية وماكينة الخياطة‬
a. Sewing machine produces more.
56. The thing that was not mentioned as a comparison between crochet and knitting?
‫الشئ الذي لم يذكر كمقارنة بين الكروشيه والحياكة؟‬
a. Knitting is the one used for making socks.

Passage 9 palm tree (‫)النخل والتمر‬

57. The best title of the passage is……. ......‫أفضل عنوان في القطعه هو‬
a. Versatility of Dates
58. The uses of the parts of the palm are…… ........‫استخدامات اجزاء النخيل‬
a. Reconstruction
b. Weaving Spinning and knitting
c. Makeup
59. In paragraph 3), what use of the date palm is NOT mentioned?
‫) ما استخدامات النخيل التي لم يرد ذكرها؟‬3( ‫في البرقراف‬
A construction.
B weaving.
C inscription.
D cosmetics.
60. The word versatile in Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ……
.........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬4( ‫كلمة (متعددة الاستخدامات) في البرقراف‬
A useful.
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‫‪B talented.‬‬
‫‪C obedient.‬‬
‫‪D enjoyable.‬‬

‫قطعة إضافية‬
‫)فهرس وحدات ‪Passage 10 – unit index‬‬
‫الوحدة التي تشرح الصلاة هي‪1. The unit that explains prayer is ….. ......‬‬
‫)‪Unit 3 religion‬‬
‫‪2. The unit that talks about the evolution of the ages is…..‬‬
‫الوحدة التي تتحدث عن تطور العصور هي‪..........‬‬
‫)‪Unit 4 ages‬‬

‫‪95‬‬
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Model 14
Passage 1
Some historians consider one man, an Italian Pizzeria chef named Rafaelle Esposito, to be the
creator of modern pizza. In June 1889 the pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito, Pizzeria Brandi's chef,
invented a dish called "Pizza Margherita" in honor of the Queen of Italy, Margherita of Savoy,
and the Italian unification, since toppings are tomato red), mozzarella white) and basil green),
(representing the same colors of the national flag of Italy), that the queen highly enjoyed. This is
how the original and now world-renowned pizza Margherita was born and paved the way for
pizza to change from being a Peasant's food to a popular dish for everyone throughout Italy
and the rest of the world.
1) Why do people think the first one who made it was Italian?
‫إيطاليا؟‬
ً ‫لماذا يعتقد الناس أن أول من صنعها كان‬
a) Because it contains the colors of the Italian flag.
2) What is not true about Pizza Margherita? ‫ما هو غير صحيح في بيتزا مارغريتا؟‬
a) Pizza is not an international meal.
3) Why was a kind of Pizza named Margherita? ‫لماذا كان نوع من البيتزا يسمى مارجريتا؟‬
a) after the name of queen Margherita
4) Why is the pizza maker famous? Or Why is his name associated with Pizza?
‫ما سبب شهرة صانع البيتزا؟ أو لماذا يرتبط اسمه بالبيتزا؟‬
a) Because the queen ate the Pizza he made.
5) Why is Raffaele the founder of Pizza?
‫لماذا يعتبر رافاييل مؤسس بيتزا؟‬
a) Because his dish is famous around the world.

Passage 2
A passage about animal slaughter and use in Chinese food
6 - Killing animals in this unfair way causes…….‫يؤدي قتل الحيوانات بهذه الطريقة غير العادلة الي‬
a. Disruption in the food chain.
Passage 3
A person who has friends and has a friend who speaks several languages, so he told his friends I
will give you 10 tips that my friend gave me.
6. The idea is from a person who…….. ......‫الفكرة من شخص‬
a. Speaks many languages.
7. Them) refers to……… ......‫الضمير (هم) يشير إلى‬
a. Ideas
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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

The passage is talking about the ideas and advice of the writer's friend and how he acquired the
language.)
8. What is he talking about?‫عن ماذا يتحدث؟‬
a. About his friend that he speaks more than nine languages.
9. Pronunciation means………. ‫"النطق" يعني‬
a. Say
10. Why was he interested in educating children? ‫مهتما بتعليم الأطفال؟‬
ً ‫لماذا كان‬
a. Because they learn not to care about people.
11. Why is it Important to learn as children? ‫لماذا من المهم التعلم كأطفال؟‬
a. Because they do not worry about making mistakes.
Passage 4 – workshop
12. Why did this person decide to attend the workshop once again?
‫لماذا قرر هذا الشخص حضور ورشة العمل مرة أخرى؟‬
a. Because he needs to focus more on controlling time
13. Who are allowed to attend? ‫من الذي يسمح له بالحضور؟‬
a. Any kind of people who would like to attend
14. What did he do to his wife? ‫ماذا فعل لزوجته؟‬
a. He brought her a beautiful necklace and earrings

Passage 5
'Look at the picture and answer the question'
15. Where can you see this sentence? ‫أين يمكنك أن ترى هذه الجملة؟‬
a. Classroom

Passage 6 – Russian doll

16. Who is the doll maker? ‫من هو صانع الدمية؟‬
a. Russia
17. Doll making was inspired by ….. .......‫صنع الدمى مستوحى من‬
a. Japan
18. What are dolls made of? ‫مم تصنع الدمى؟‬
a. wood

Passage 7
The passage started with the advice to drink fresh milk when we go to the farm, and talked
about the harms of unboiled fresh milk and why milk is boiled.
19. Pronoun that) refers to…… ‫ضمير (الذي) يشير إلى‬

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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

a. Drinking milk from a cow

20. Why is pasteurized milk healthier? ‫لماذا الحليب المبستر أكثر صحة؟‬
a. Because it is boiled and harmful bacteria that can leak into the blood have been killed.
21. Why pasteurize milk? ‫لماذا تبستر الحليب؟‬
a. It's safe to drink
22. Why is homogenized milk dangerous to health?
‫لماذا الحليب المتجانس يشكل خطرا على الصحة؟‬
a. Because fat molecules enter the blood.
23. If a guest visits you, what will you offer? ‫ ماذا ستقدم؟‬، ‫إذا قام ضيف بزيارتك‬
a. People have different tastes.

Passage 8
Vaccine discoverer and he tested the vaccine on his family members and mentioned them.
24. How many people have tried the vaccine? ‫كم عدد الأشخاص الذين جربوا اللقاح؟‬
‫)الرقم موجود بالقطعة‬
Passage 9
Airplanes are not as dangerous as motorcycle.
25. What do you understand from this phrase? ‫ماذا تفهم من هذه العبارة؟‬
a. Airplanes are less dangerous than motorcycles.

Passage 10 – globalization
26. The word )great power) refers to……‫كلمة (القوة العظمى) تشير إلى‬
a. Rulers
27. What reduced the poverty equations? Or What can help poverty?
‫ما الذي قلل من معادلات الفقر؟ أو ما الذي يمكن أن يساعد الفقر؟‬
a. Globalization.
28. The word )herbs) means …… .......)‫كلمة (أعشاب‬
a. Plants
29. Herbs are plants…..
a. pressure with water

Passage 11
When the well is dry, you will learn the value of water)
30. You understand from this proverb that……. ........‫أنت تفهم من هذا المثل أن‬
a. You know the meaning of the value of something if you lose it.

98
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫فهرس كتاب‬
‫)عناوين الفصول مع ارقام الصفحات‬
‫)) الاجابات تكون من الارقام امامك بالاختبار الارقام هنا مجرد امثلة وليست ارقام حقيقية‬
‫)الاقتصاد ‪Economy‬‬ ‫‪3 - 15‬‬
‫‪Sport‬‬ ‫‪16 - 28‬‬
‫‪) 29-46‬الترفيه ‪Entertainment‬‬
‫‪stories 47 - 60‬‬
‫?‪31 – In which page can we know about the new movie‬‬
‫في أي صفحة يمكننا التعرف على الفيلم الجديد؟‬
‫‪3 - 15 – 45 – 60‬‬
‫أين يمكن أن نجد معلومات عن سعر السهم؟?‪32 – where can we find information about stock price‬‬
‫)الموضوع يخص الاقتصاد‬
‫نختار الرقم الذي يقع بين الرقمين الموجودين في خانة الاقتصاد اي رقم من ‪ 3‬ل ‪ 15‬مثلا‬

‫إنه فقير لأنه ينقصه‪33 – He is poor because he lacks …… ........‬‬

‫‪Money‬‬
‫كلمة لا تعد ولا تحصى هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‪34 – the word myriad is closest in meaning to … ....‬‬
‫‪Multiple‬‬
‫كلمة ترويض هي الأقرب في المعنى ل ‪35 – the word tamed is closest in meaning to …… .....‬‬
‫‪Controlled‬‬
‫كلمة الجنس البشري هي الأقرب في المعنى ل ‪36 – the word mankind is closest in meaning to ……....‬‬
‫‪Human beings‬‬
‫الاكتشافات كانت ‪37 – discoveries were ……….. .........‬‬
‫‪Long time ago‬‬

‫‪99‬‬
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 15

Passage 1 Open- Source Software (‫)البرمجيات مفتوحة المصدر والمغلقة‬

(1) When the personal computer was first released, it did not serve any practical need.
Early computers were difficult to program and required great attention to detail. However,
many personal-computer enthusiasts immediately banded together to build applications
and solve problems. These computer enthusiasts were happy to share any programs they
built and solutions to problems they found; this collaboration enabled them to more quickly
innovate and fix problems.

(2) As software began to become a business, however, this idea of sharing everything
fell out of favor, at least with some. When a software program takes hundreds of man-
hours to develop, it is understandable that the programmers do not want to just give it
away. This led to a new business model of restrictive software licensing, which required
payment for software, a model that is still dominant today. This model is sometimes referred
to as closed source, as the source code is not made available to others.
(3) There are many, however, who feel that software should not be restricted. Just as with
those early hobbyists in the 1970s, they feel that innovation and progress can be made
much more rapidly if we share what we learn. In the 1990s, with Internet access connecting
more and more people together, the open source movement gained steam. Open-source
software is software that makes the source code available for anyone to copy and use. For
most of us, having access to the source code of a program does us little good, as we are
not programmers and won't be able to do much with it. The good news is that open-source
software is also available in a compiled format that we can simply download and install.

(4) The open-source software is superior to closed-source software. Because the source
code is freely available, many programmers have contributed to open-source software
projects, adding features and fixing bags. Many businesses are worried about open-source
software precisely because the code is available for anyone to sec. They feel that this
increases the risk of an attack. Others counter that this openness actually decreases the risk
because the code is exposed to thousands of programmers who can incorporate code
changes to quickly patch vulnerabilities. Firefox and Apache are two examples of open-
source software.

100
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(5) There are many arguments on both sides of the aisle for the benefits of the two
models.
Some benefits of the open-source model are:
● The software is available for free. • The software source-code is available; it can be
examined and reviewed before it is installed.
● The large community of programmers who work on open-source projects leads to
quick bug fixing and feature additions.
Some benefits of the closed-source model are:
● By providing financial incentive for software development, some of the brightest
minds have chosen software development as a career.
● Technical support from the company that developed the software. 36 Information
Systems for Business and Beyond.

21. What helped open-source software gain steam?

‫ما الذي ساعد البرامج مفتوحة المصدر على اكتساب القوة؟‬
A. Internet access
B. cheap equipment
C. software licensing
D. Linux operating system

22. What is one benefit of open-source software? ‫ما هي إحدى فوائد البرامج مفتوحة‬
‫المصدر؟‬
A. It is quite cheap to buy.
B. It leads to quick bug-fixing.
C. It comes with technical support.
D. It is superior to closed-source software.

23.What is one benefit of closed-source software? ‫ما هي إحدى فوائد البرامج المغلقة‬
‫المصدر؟‬
A. Technical support from the company.
B. The software is available for free.
C. Quick and better updates.
D. Access to the source code.

101
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

24. What are two examples of open-source software? ‫ما هما مثالان على البرامج‬
‫مفتوحة المصدر؟‬
A. Fire fox and Microsoft
B. Superior and Apache
C. Firefox and Superior
D. Firefox and Apache
Passage 2 (‫)الموز المعدل الغني بفيتامين أ وإنقاذ أطفال افريقيا‬
GMO Bananas
(1) Each year, thousands of children in East Africa go blind or die because they don't get
enough vitamin A Now, with the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
Ugandan, American and Australian researchers are trying to develop a potential fix: a
genetically modified banana that packs a significantly larger vitamin A punch.

(2) The bananas have already been successfully tested on gerbils. Researchers created
the new bananas by slightly tweaking its genome so that the fruit contains more alpha and
beta caroteno-plant-synthesized substances that animals convert into vitamin A The new
bananas have a slight orange shade but taste the same as non-genetically modified
bananas. Human trials just began in Iowa, and if they're successful, farmers in Uganda will
be growing the GMO bananas by 2020. About 70 percent of people there rely on bananas
as a major staple of their diets, so delivering the extra vitamin boost through the fruit should
be an effective means of helping to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. If the GM banana scheme
helps reduce death and blindness rates in Uganda, it could be transferred to other countries
or applied to other fruits, like plantains.

(3) Bananas are not the only food whose yield or nutritional profile could be improved
with genetic engineering. With climate change threatening to disrupt existing crops and
growing global populations demanding more of those supplies, genetic engineering could
be a solution for making the most of limited space and resources. Quite a number of foods
that fit this profile have already been created including virus resistant squash, and disease-
resistant potatoes.

102
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

25. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ما هو الهدف الرئيسي للكاتب؟‬
A. to support Bill Gates
B. to advertise
C. to inform
D. to war

26. What is one important idea that the writer mentions? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة‬
‫التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
A. That animals like to eat the orange bananas.
B. That a lack of vitamin A makes people go blind.
C. That children in Africa need better food.
D. That Uganda is a rich country in East Africa.
27. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
A. That Ugandans have grown bananas for centuries.
B. That the way we produce food is changing
C. That climate change is a serious global problem.
D. That genetically modified bananas may save lives.
Passage 3) (‫)منهجية البحث العلمي والملاحظة الكمية والكيفية‬
(1) Scientists search for answers to questions and solutions to problems by using a
procedure called the scientific method. This procedure consists of making observations,
formulating hypotheses, and designing experiments, which in turn lead to additional
observations, hypotheses, and experiments in repeated cycles.
(2) Observations can be qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative observations describe
properties or occurrences in ways that do not rely on numbers. Often, this data can be
collected through observation. Examples of qualitative observations include the following:
the outside air temperature is cooler during the winter season and table salt is a crystalline
solid.

(3) Quantitative observations are measurements, which by definition consist of both a

number and a unit. Examples of quantitative observations include the following the melting
point of crystalline sulfur is 115.21 degrees Celsius, and 35.9 grams of table salt whose
chemical name is sodium chloride dissolve in 100 grams of water at 20 degrees Celsius.
103
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(4) After deciding to learn more about an observation or a set of observations, scientists
generally begin an investigation by forming a hypothesis, a tentative explanation for the
observations). The hypothesis may not be correct, but it puts the scientist's understanding
of the system being studied into a form that can be tested.

28. What does Paragraph 1 say about the scientific method? ‫) عن‬1( ‫ماذا تقول البرقراف‬
‫الطريقة العلمية؟‬

A. It helps scientists to make questions.

B. It is made up of six different procedures.
C. It is something that you do only one time.
D. It involves different steps that you do many times.

29. What does Paragraph 2) say about qualitative observations?

‫) عن الملاحظات النوعية؟‬2( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
A. They help explain why we use table salt.
B. They mainly deal with the air temperature outside.
C. They explain what happens by carefully watching! things.
D. They use numbers to discover the reason something happens.

30. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph 2)?

‫)؟‬2( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
A. Observations can be qualitative or quantitative.
B. Qualitative observations describe properties or occurrences in ways that do
not rely on numbers.
C. Often, this data can be collected through observation.
D. The outside air temperature is cooler during the winter season and table salt
is a crystalline solid.
31. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph 3)?
‫)؟‬3 ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
A. Quantitative observations are measurements, which by definition consist of
both a number and a unit.
B. Examples of quantitative observations include the following.
C. The melting point of crystalline sulfur is 115.21 degrees Celsius.
104
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

D.35.9 grams of table salt-whose chemical name is sodium chloride dissolve in

100 grams of water at 20 degrees Celsius.
32. What does Paragraph 4) say about hypothesis? ‫) عن‬4( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
‫الفرضية؟‬
A. It is the same as an observation.
B. It is where scientists start their search.
C. It always comes at the end of an experiment.
D. It helps other people to do what a scientist did.
33. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية لهذاه القطعه؟‬
A. Observations can only be made by scientists.
B. Observations can use numbers to measure things.
C. Observations are an important step in the scientific method.
D. Observations are only performed once in the scientific method.

Passage 4 (‫ )اضطراب الوسواس القهري‬Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

(1) As with generalized anxiety and phobias, we can see aspects of our own behavior in
obsessive-compulsive disorder. We may at times be obsessed with senseless or offensive
thoughts that will not go away. Or we may engage in compulsive, rigid behavior -
rechecking a locked door, stepping over cracks in the sidewalk, or lining up our books and
pencils just so" before studying.
(2) Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors cross the fine line between normality
and disorder when they become O persistent that they interfere with the way we live or
when they cause distress. Checking to see that the door is locked is normal; checking the
door 10 times is not. Hand washing is normal; hand washing so often that one's skin
becomes raw is not. At some time during their lives, often during their late teens or twenties,
2 to 3 percent of people cross that line from normal preoccupations and fussiness to
debilitating disorder. The obsessive thoughts become so haunting, the compulsive rituals
so senselessly time-consuming, that effective functioning becomes impossible.
(3) One much person was billionaire Howard Hughes. Hughes would compulsively
dictate the same phrases over and over again. Under stress, he developed an obsessive
fear of germs. He became reclusive and insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand
washing rituals and wear white gloves when handling documents he would later touch. He
ordered tape around doors and windows and forbade his staff to touch or even look at

105
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

him. "Everybody carries germs around with them," he explained. "I want to live longer than
my parents, so I avoid germs".

34. What is the main topic of this passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي لهذه‬
‫القطعه؟‬
A. Habits that people like to repeat a lot.
B. A comparison of normal and obsessive behavior.
C. Types of anxiety related psychological disorders.
D. An examination of the billionaire Howard Hughes.

35.What is one important idea related to general anxiety and phobias

mentioned In P1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالقلق العام والرهاب المذكورة في البرقراف‬
A. There are three types of behavior.
B. We must get neck treatment straight away.
C. Compulsive disorders make us hurt others.
D. Features of compulsive behavior are present in everyone.

36. What important information about obsessive thoughts and compulsive

behavior is expressed in Paragraph 2)?
‫ما هي المعلومات المهمة حول الأفكار الوسواسية والسلوك القهري المعبر عنها في‬
‫)؟‬2( ‫البرقراف‬
A. They take up very little time.
B. They negatively affect daily life.
C. They affect mainly young people.
D. They are perfectly normal to have

37. What is an example of Hughes' obsessive behavior in the passage?

‫ما هو مثال على سلوك هيوز المهووس في القطعه؟‬
A. Checking locked doors continuously
B. Dictating phrases repeatedly
C. Stepping over cracks
D. Pencil straightening

106
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

38. What key information is given about Howard Hughes in Paragraph 3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ما هي المعلومات الأساسية المقدمة عن هاوارد هيوز في البرقراف‬
A. He was a very rich man.
B. He always wore white gloves.
C. He was scared of dying at an early age.
D. He became ill because of his assistants.

39. Why does the writer mention Howard Hughes? ‫لماذا ذكر الكاتب هاوارد هيوز؟‬
A. He was a famous person
B. He would not leave his home.
C. He helped treat anxiety disorders.
D. He suffered from anxiety and phobias.

Passage 5 ‫مقدمة في علم النفس‬

Introducing Psychology
(1) Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. The word "psychology"
comes from the Greek words "psyche, meaning life, and "logos," meaning explanation.
Psychology is a popular major for students, a popular topic in the public media, and a part
of our everyday lives. Television shows often feature psychologists who provide personal
advice to those with personal or family difficulties. Crime dramas such as CSI, Lie to Me,
and others feature the work of forensic psychologists who use psychological principles to
help solve crimes. And many people have direct knowledge about psychology because they
have visited psychologists, for instance, school counselors, family therapists, and religious,
marriage, or bereavement counselors.
(2) Because we are frequently exposed to the work of psychologists in our everyday lives,
we all have an idea about what psychology is and what psychologists do. In many ways,
your conceptions are probably correct. Psychologists do work in forensic fields, and they
do provide counseling and therapy for people in distress. But there are hundreds of
thousands of psychologists in the world, and most of them work in other places, doing
work that you are probably now aware of.

107
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(3) Most psychologists work in research laboratories, hospitals, and other field settings
where they study the behavior of humans and animals. For instance, experts in the
Psychology Department at the University of Maryland study such diverse topics as anxiety
in children, the interpretation of dreams, the effects of caffeine on thinking, how birds
recognize each other, how people from different cultures react differently in negotiation.
Psychologists also work in schools and businesses, and they use a variety of methods,
including observation, questionnaires, interviews, and laboratory studies, to help them
understand behavio

40. What do psychologists do to help people who are nappy in their lives?
‫ماذا فعل علماء النفس لمساعدة الناس الذين يعانون من قلة النوم ؟‬
A. They advise them to stop drinking coffee
B. They provide them with treatment services,
C. ‫ذ‬They take them to special hospitals for help.
D. They provide them with advice about their food.

41. Why does the writer use the word "Because in Paragraph 2)?
‫)؟‬2 ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "لأن) في البرقراف‬
A. To show other examples of jobs psychologists do.
B. To explain the result of people talking and dealing with psychologists.
C. To add more information to the definition of psychology and the work of
psychologists.
D. To show that psychologists are very good at finding criminals and solving crimes.

42. What does the passage say about the work of most psychologists?
‫ماذا تقول القطعه عن عمل معظم علماء النفس؟‬
A. It is field research
B. It is forensic science.
C. It is TV entertainment,
D. It is personal counseling

108
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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43. Which word can we use to replace the word "But” in paragraph 2)?
‫)؟‬2 ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال كلمة "لكن" في البرقراف‬
A. In addition
B. Therefore
C. Finally
D. However

44. What does the writer think about our knowledge of psychology?
‫ما رأي الكاتب في معرفتنا بعلم النفس؟‬
A. It is complete.
B. It is INCORRECT.
C. It is from university.
D. It is from experience.

Passage 6 The Spinal Cord (‫)النخاع الشوكي‬

(1) The spinal cord is an information highway connecting the nervous system to the
brain. Ascending neural areas send up sensory information, and descending areas send
back motor-control information. A look at the neural pathways that control our reflexes,
our automatic responses to stimuli, shows the spinal cords work. A simple spinal-reflex path
is composed of a single sensory neuron and a single motor neuron, which often
communicate through an interneuron.
(2) One such path makes up the pain reflex. When your fingers touch a hot stove, neural
activity excited by the heat travels via sensory neurons to interneurons in your spinal cord.
These interneurons respond by activating motor neurons to the muscles in your arm,
causing you to jerk your hand away.
(3) Because the simple pain-reflex pathway runs through the spinal cord and out, you
jerk your hand from a candle's flame before your brain receives and responds to the
information that causes you to feel pain. Information travels to and from the brain by way
of the spinal cord. Were the top of your spinal cord severed, you would not feel such pain.
Or pleasure. Your brain would literally be out of touch with your body. Thus, you would
lose all sensation and voluntary movement in body regions whose sensory and motor
neurons connect with the spinal cord below its point of injury.

109
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45. What helps information travel up and down the spine?

‫ما الذي يساعد المعلومات على الانتقال صعودا وهبوطا في العمود الفقري؟‬
A. the brain
B. neural paths
C. the air we breathe
D. automatic responses
46. According to P2, what finally makes you take your hand away from
something hot?
‫؟‬2 ‫بعيدا عن شيء ساخن وفقا للبرقراف‬ً ‫أخيرا تحرك يدك‬
ً ‫ما الذي يجعلك‬
A. Sensory neurons and interneurons
B. Your fingers touching a hot stove
C. Motor neurons in arm muscles
D. Our natural fear of pain
47. When would your brain stop receiving information from the spinal cord?
‫متى يتوقف دماغك عن تلقي المعلومات من النخاع الشوكي؟‬
A. When the pain-reflex pathway ran through the spinal cord and out.
B. If there were serious damage to the spinal cord.
C. If you stopped experiencing pleasure or pain.
D. When you were sleeping very heavily.
48. The word connecting in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to …………
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1 ‫كلمة "ربط" في البرقراف‬
A. adding
B. feeling
C. joining
D. moving

110
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Passage 7 (‫)رسم بياني عن الحجاج‬

50. Which year had the most pilgrims to Saudi Arabia?

‫في أي عام شهد أكبر عدد من الحجاج إلى المملكة العربية السعودية؟‬
A. 2002
B. 2008
C. 2010
D. 2012
Passage 8) (‫) التنظيميات الهيكلية للمشاريع المختلفة‬Project organization
(1) There is no single organizational approach to projects. Each project is organized to
accomplish the work effectively and efficiently. Several factors influence the organizational
approach to execute a project. The complexity profile of a project, the culture of the parent
organization, the preferences of the project manager, the knowledge and skills of the team,
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and a parent organization with a project management office are examples of factors that
influence the project's organization.
(2) In developing the project organizational structure, the project manager considers the
span of control for each manager. The span of control represents the number of people
reporting to a manager.
(3) Most projects have similar functions that are important to successfully managing the
project. Included among there are the following:

● Sponsor
● Project manager
● Controls
● Procurement
● Quality
● Administration
(4) On smaller projects, more than one function can be managed by one person. On
larger projects, large teams may be needed to accomplish the work within the function.
Project Sponsor
(5) The project sponsor is outside the day-to-day operations of the project and has the
organizational authority to provide resources and overcome barriers for the project. The
project sponsor is typically a leader in the parent organization with an interest in the
outcome of the project. As a leader in the parent organization, the project sponsor can
provide input into the project scope and other documents that define project success. The
guidance and support from the project sponsor enhance the ability of the project to
successfully meet the parent organization's objectives.

Project Manager
(6) Project managers often have the breadth of responsibility associated with corporate
chief executive officers CEOs). The project manager facilitates the start-up of a project and
develops the staff, resources, and work processes to accomplish the work of the project.
He or she manages the project effectively and efficiently and oversees the closeout phase.
Some projects are larger than major divisions of some organizations, with the project
manager responsible for a larger budget and managing more risk than most of the
organizational leaders. A mining company that builds a new mine in South Africa, an
automobile manufacturer that creates a new truck design, and a pharmaceutical company
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that moves a new drug from testing to production are examples of projects that may
consume more resources in a given year than any of the organization's operating divisions.
(7) The function of the project manager can vary depending on the complexity profile
and the organizational structure. Defining and managing client expectations and start-up
activities, developing the scope, and managing change are functions of the project
manager. On some projects, the project manager may provide direction to the technical
team on the project. On other projects, the technical leadership might come from the
technical division of the parent organization

(8) Although the functional responsibilities of the project manager may vary, the primary
role is consistent on every project. The primary role of the project manager is to lead to
provide a vision of success, to connect everyone involved in the project to that vision, and
to provide the means and methods to achieve success. The project manager creates a goal-
directed and time focused project culture. The project manager provides leadership.

Project Procurement
(9) The approach to purchasing the supplies and equipment needed by the project is
related to the complexity profile of the project. A small project with a low complexity level
may be able to use the procurement services of the parent organization. In an organization
where project resources reside in various departments, the departments may provide the
supplies and equipment each team member of the project may need.
Project Quality
(10) Project quality is often part of the technical manager's responsibility. On large
projects or projects with a high degree of technical complexity, the quality is sometimes a
separate function reporting to the project manager. The project quality manager focuses
on the quality of the project work processes and not the quality of the client's product. For
example, if the project is to design and construct an automobile factory, the quality
manager focuses on the project work processes and meeting the technical specification of
the equipment installed by the project team. The project quality manager is not responsible
for the quality of the car the plant produces. If the plant functions to the defined project
specifications, the quality of the plant output is the responsibility of the plant quality
department, and it may take several months for the plant to refine the work processes to
meet the design specifications of the car.

113
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Project Administration
(11) The administrative function provides project specific support such as the following:
● Accounting services
● Legal services
● Property management
● Human resources HR) management
● Other support functions found in most organizations
In most organizations, support for these functions is provided by the parent
organization. For example, people assigned to the project will get human
resources HR) support from the HR department of the parent organization.
Salary, benefits, and HR policies for employees assigned to the project will be
supported out of the HR department. The parent organization will provide
accounting functions such as determining the cost of cash, taxes, year-end
project reports, and property disposal at the end of the project.
51. What are two important factors in A project? ‫ما هما العاملان المهمان في‬
‫المشروع؟‬
A. quality and structure
B. administration and purecurament.
C. accounting and le
D. Controls and pro……..
52. Which activities will ……….. department?
A. property dips………….
B. salary and benefits
C. taxes and yea………
D. legal service
Passage 9 (‫ ) قانون التعاقد‬Contract Law
Contract law is at the heart of almost every business transaction. Laws
regarding contracts, or agreements between parties, originated and developed
through English common law and are among the earliest laws created. Many
present-day rules are the same as they were years ago, although these laws
have been incorporated in both state and federal codes. In addition to these
well-established contract principles, modern business practices are governed
by laws that were designed to meet today's needs. In particular, contracts for

114
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the sale of goods are governed by the Uniform Commercial Code and many
consumer contracts are governed by various consumer protection statutes.

53] The word agreements in the passage is closest in meaning to ……..

.....‫كلمة "الاتفاقات في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A. discussions
B. talks
C. arrangements
D. fights
54. The word governed in the passage is closest in meaning to ………..
........ ‫كلمة "تحكم" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A- celebrated
B- controlled
C- achieved
D- advertised
Passage 10) (‫)الشركات وتمويل الأبحاث‬Company funded research

(1) A soda company sponsoring nutrition research. An oil company helping fund a
climate-related research meeting. Does the public care who's paying for science?
(2) In a word, yes. When industry funds science, credibility suffers. And this does not
bode well for the types of public-private research partnerships that appear to be becoming
more common as government funding for research and development reduces.
(3) The recurring topic of conflict of interest has made headlines in recent weeks. The
National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine has revised its conflict-of-
interest guidelines following questions about whether members of a recent expert group
on GMO's had industry connections or other financial conflicts were not disclosed in the
panel's final report.
(4) This indicates how hard it may be for the public to see research as useful when
produced with an industry partner, even when that company is just one of several
collaborators.
What people think of funding sources.
(5) When a research team included an industry partner, the public were generally less
likely to think the scientists would consider a full range of evidence and listen to different
voices. An industry partner also reduced how much participants believed any resulting data
would provide meaningful guidance for making decisions.
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(6) You may think that including a diverse array of partners in a research collaboration
might remove the negative perceptions that come with industry involvement. But, while
including scientists from a non-industry organization Particularly a nongovernmental
organization) made some difference, the effect was small. Adding a government partner
provided no real additional benefit.
(7) Participants who were asked to describe what they thought about the research
partnership in their own words said they were skeptical whether an industry partner could
ever be trusted to release information that might hurt its profits.
(8) Stories of Pharmaceutical companies conducting less than rigorous clinical trials for
the benefit of their marketing departments, or the tobacco industry steadfastly denying the
connection between smoking and cancer in the face of mounting evidence, help explain
public concern about industry-funded science.
55. How are the ideas that "not all evidence is considered" and "not all findings
are released" related? ‫كيف ترتبط أفكار "لا يتم النظر في كل الأدلة" و "لا يتم إصدار‬
‫جميع النتائج"؟‬
A. Both are part of the tobacco industry's research.
B. "Not all evidence is considered" is an example of “not all findings are released"
C. Both are examples of public opinion about the type of research.
D. One represents NGO research and the other company-funded research.
56. Which of the following is an opinion? ‫أي مما يلي رأي؟‬
A. They were Skeptical whether an industry partner could ever be trusted to release
information that might hurt its profits.
B. The National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine has revised its
conflict-of-interest guidelines.
C. An industry partner also reduced how much participants believed any resulting data
would provide meaningful guidance for making decisions.
D. Including scientists from a non-industry organization made some difference, but the
effect was small.
57. How is the public's view about funding science different from the industry's
view?
‫كيف تختلف وجهة نظر الجمهور حول تمويل العلوم عن وجهة نظر الصناعة؟‬
A. The public think that the industry should use their money to do more researches.
B. The public think that public-private research partnerships work well.
C. The public think that government research is less efficient.
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D. The public think that the industry mainly cares about money.
58. What can we understand from the text about company-funded research?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من النص حول الأبحاث التي تمولها الشركة؟‬
A. It is less reliable than government-funded research.
B. The government often chooses the area of research.
C. Companies often receive money from governments
D. It usually involves more than one company.
59. What can we understand from the passage about government funding for
research?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعه عن التمويل الحكومي للبحوث؟‬
A. Public health research receives most of the money.
B. The public think it's a waste of money.
C. There used to be more money available.
D. Government funding is a slow process.

117
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Model 16

Passage 1 (‫)مستقبل الاقتصاد العالمي للتجارة‬

The World Economic Outlook for Trade
(1) Although the global economy continued to grow robustly until 2007,
economic performance was not equal: growth in the advanced economies
slowed and then stopped in 2009, whereas emerging and developing
economies continued to grow. Looking ahead, the International Monetary
Fund (IMF), an international bank with 186 member nations, expected growth
to continue until 2020 in both advanced and emerging developing
economies.
(2) Although the U.S. economy had been growing steadily since 2000 and
recorded the longest peacetime expansion in the nation's history, the
worldwide recession which began in December 2007 slowed the rate of
growth. The IMF estimated that the U.S. economy grew by less than half of 1
percent in 2008 and, because of subprime mortgage lending and other
global financial problems, declined 2.5 percent in 2009. International experts
recorded global economic growth of 3.9 percent in 2010 and 4.3 percent in
2011, despite the high oil prices.
(3) Canada and Western Europe: America's leading export partner, Canada,
showed a growth rate of 2.6 percent in 2010 and 3.6 percent in 2011. The euro
area which declined by 3.9 percent in 2009, grew by 1.0 percent in 2010, and
by 1.6 percent in 2011. The United Kingdom and smalher European countries
such as Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland, experienced a
recession.
(4) Mexico and Latin America: America's second largest export customer,
Mexico, suffered its sharpest recession ever in 1995, and experienced another
major setback in 2009. However, its growth rate in 2010 and 2011 was 4.0
percent and 4.7 percent. respectively. Brazil escaped the recent global
economic crisis with only minor setbacks: its growth in 2008 was more than 5
percent, and in 2009 it declined only 0.4 percent. In general, the Latin
American and the Caribbean economies are recovering at a robust pace.
(5) Japan: Japan's economy is regaining momentum. Stronger consumer
demand and business investment make Japan less reliant on exports for
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growth. The IMF puts the growth for Japan at 1.7 percent in 2010 and 2.2
percent in 2011.
(6) Other Asian Countries: The economic growth in Asia remained strong in
2008 and 2009 despite the global recession. Growth was led by China, where
its economy expanded by 8.7 percent in 2009, and by at 10 percent and 9.7
percent in 2010 and 2011. respectively. Growth in India slowed modestly to 5.6
percent in 2009. Growth in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and
Vietnam was as expected at 4.7 percent and 5.3 percent in 2010 and 2011,
respectively. In short, the key emerging economies in Asia are leading the
global recovery. China's emergence as a global economic power has been
among the most dramatic economic developments of recent decades. From
1980 to 2004, China's economy averaged a real GDP growth rate of 9.5
percent and became the world' s sixth-largest economy. China's total share in
world trade expanded from 1 percent in 1980 to almost 6 percent in 2003. By
2004, China had become the third largest trading nation in dollar terms,
behind the United States and Germany and just ahead of Japan.

(7) Emerging Europe: The year 2007 marked the sixth consecutive year during
which emerging Europe grew much faster than Western Europe, but growth
in many countries was uneven. The global economic crisis that plagued this
region finally came to an end in 2009, and most countries in the region saw
positive growth in 2010 and 2011.
(8) Commonwealth of Independent States. The growth in this region turned
out to be the predicted 3.8 percent in 2010 and 4.0 percent in 2011. Strong
growth is expected to continue in Azerbaijan and Armenia. whereas growth is
projected to remain stable in Moldova, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. After World
War II, trade between the United States and the communist nations of Central
and Eastern Europe was minimal. The United States maintained high tariff
barriers on imports from most of these countries and also restricted their
exports. However, since the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the
collapse of communism, trade between the United States and Central and
Eastern Europe has expanded substantially. The countries that made the
transition from communist to market economies quickly have recorded
positive growth for several years. Among the nations that have enjoyed
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several years of positive economic growth are the member countries of the
Central European Free Trade Association: Hungary, the Czech Republic,
Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia.
21- Who is America's leading export partner? ‫من هو الشريك الرئيسي لأمريكا في‬
‫التصدير؟‬
(A) USA
(B) Canada
(C) Mexico
(D) The United Kingdom
22- What was the percentage of the Euro area economy decline in 2009?
‫؟‬2009 ‫ما هي النسبة المئوية لتراجع اقتصاد منطقة اليورو في عام‬
(A) 1 percent
(B) 1.6 percent
(C) 3.9 percent
(D) 10 percent
23- When did the worldwide recession begin? ‫متى بدأ الركود العالمي؟‬
)A) in 2007
)B) in 2008
)C) in 2009
)D) in 2010
24- What was China's total world trade share in 2003?
‫؟‬2003 ‫ما هو إجمالي حصة التجارة العالمية للصين في عام‬
(A) 1 percent
(B) 4.5 percent
(C) 6 percent
(D) 9.5 percent
25- Which country is a member of the Central European Free Trade
Association?
‫ما هي الدولة العضو في رابطة التجارة الحرة لأوروبا الوسطى؟‬
(A) Armenia
(B) Poland
(C) Moldova
120
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(D) Turkey
Passage 2 (‫)تطور القانون‬
The Development of Law
(1) The origins and development of laws and legal systems are for the most
part based on the actions of government and religion. In many societies,
governments and religion are largely intertwined and their laws reflect this.
Because of differences in beliefs and values, laws vary widely from one society
to another. However, historically only two major types of legal systems
developed, civil law systems and common law. The term civil law as used to
describe a legal system refers to a system based primarily on written
constitutions and written laws or codes. In such legal systems, a ruler of
legislative body creates an extensive set of rules or regulations. to govern the
role of courts in such systems is limited. Common law systems, on the other
hand, are based on precedent or case law.
(2) Civil law jurisdictions, the more common in the world today, date back
thousands of years. One of the most famous examples was the Babylonian
Empire, a society ruled by a law known as the code of Hammurabi. The code
was named after the ruler of the time and dates back to approximately 1760
BCE.
(3) Common law systems are those based on the concept of precedent. In this
type of system, laws originate from decisions of courts rather than legislative
bodies. Originally decisions were based on tradition and custom but
eventually decisions were based on precedent. Precedent requires courts to
follow decisions of earlier courts. Common law originated with Medieval
England and is found in many countries once occupied by Great Britain.
26- What is one important idea that the writer mentioned?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
(A) that Hammurabi created common law
(B) that civil law is more common than common law
(C)that decisions were based on traditions
(D)that the role of court is limited in every
27- What is one important idea that the writer mentions?

121
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬

(A) that laws are mostly the same across societies
(B) that Hammurabi wrote the first legal code
(C) that in both legal systems, decisions are based on precedents
(D) that civil law is based on written constitutions and codes

Passage 3 (‫)جدار برلين‬

(1) At 1.05am on Sunday 13 August 1961, East German border guards and
army combat groups took up positions on the demarcation line at the
Brandenburg Gate in central Berlin. In a scene repeated along the border
dividing the two halves of the city, they ripped up the paving stones and
strained barbed wire between concrete posts. By early morning, only 12 of the
81 street crossing points were passable (that was soon cut to seven). This was
phase one of the Berlin Wall.

There is evidence that the building of the wall actually came as something of
a relief to the western powers; they had been expecting such a move and saw
it, if anything, as evidence that no imminent attempt was likely by the Soviet
Union and GDR to retake all Berlin; west Berlin, in other words, was safe.
(2) The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) had erected a barbed
wire border fence with the Federal Republic (West Germany) as early as 1952.
However, the border running through Berlin, controlled by all four post-war
occupying powers, remained largely open, turning the city into by far the
most important route for East Germans to flee the rigors of state socialism for
the "economic miracle" then underway in West Germany. By 1961, some 3.5
million East Germans (20% of the population) had left, many through Berlin.
(3) The wall slowed that emigration almost to a trickle. In the 28 years of its
existence some 5,000 people are thought to have successfully escaped across
the wall; the number who died in the attempt is disputed, although 136
deaths have been confirmed, the last being shot in February 1989.
(4) The barrier was 155km long, although the 112km separating west Berlin
from the GDR consisted mainly of wire fencing. What most of us think of as
the Berlin Wall was the 43km of border wall that divided west from east
Berlin. It grew into a vast fortification system featuring two concrete barriers,

122
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

along with floodlights, electric fences, vehicle trenches, dog patrols,

observation towers, bunkers and armed guards.
(5) The fall, when it came, was quick. There were large demonstrations in the
GDR in September 1989. In October, the country's lifelong leader, Erich
Honecker, resigned. On 9 November, the East German authorities lifted
border controls to the west. including for private journeys to west Berlin, from
17 November. Germany was formally reunified just 11 months later.
28- What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية لهذه القطعه؟‬
(A) why the Berlin wall was built
(B) a short history of the Berlin Wall
(C) a short history of east and West Berlin
(D) the border between east and West Berlin
29- Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
(A) At 1.05am on Sunday 13 August 1961, East German guards and army
combat troops took up positions on the border line of the Brandenburg Gate
in central Berlin.
(B)In a scene repeated along the border dividing the two halves of the city,
they ripped up the paving stones and attached wire between concrete posts.
(C)By early morning, only 12 of the 21 street crossings were passable.
(D)This was the beginning of the Berlin wall.

30- What does Paragraph (1) say about the actions of the East German border
guards?
‫) عن أفعال حرس الحدود في ألمانيا الشرقية؟‬1( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
(A) They closed most of the streets on the border.
(в)They stopped everyone crossing to West Berlin.
(c)They used paving stones to build the wall.
(D)They fought with army combat groups.
31- Which of the following statements does Paragraph (2) support?
‫) يدعمها؟‬2( ‫أي من العبارات التالية البرقراف‬
(A) West Germany was more important than East Germany.
(B) West Germany was bigger than East Germany.
(C) West Germany was richer than East Germany.
123
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) West Germany controlled more of the border than East Germany
32- Which of the following statements does Paragraph (3) support?
‫) يدعمها؟‬3( ‫أي من العبارات التالية البرقراف‬
(A) The Berlin Wall took 28 years to build.
(B) The Berlin Wall stopped everyone trying to cross
(C)Every year 136 people died trying to escape
(D)About 5,000 people crossed over the wall.
33- What does Paragraph (4) say about the wall between E and West Berlin?
‫) عن الجدار بين برلين الشرقية والغربية؟‬4( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
(A) It was 112km long.
(B) It was 155km long.
(C) It was made of concrete.
(D) It was made of wire fencing.
34- Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (5)?
‫)؟‬5( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
(A) The fall, when it came, was quick.
(B) Germany was formally reunified just 11 months later.
(C) There were large demonstrations in the GDR in September 1989.
(D) In October, the country's lifelong leader, Erik Honecker, resigned.
Passage 4 clay on Mars
(1) Today mars have only a thin atmosphere and its surface is very dry with
the possible exceptions of some localized and temporary water seeps.
However, ancient eroded valley networks that were discovered by orbiting
space. Craft in the early days of exploration prove that water flowed across
the surface in the remote past.
(2) The nature of the oldest valley, which have many tributaries, shows that
the water was most likely supplied by rainfall. This means the surface was very
likely habitable for life back then.
(3) When clay minerals were detected from orbit and subsequently confirmed
by surface ravers; it was taken as further evidence that mars once had a wet
surface environment, hospitable life. This is because when most rocky
minerals decay under humid conditions they rot to form various kinds of clay.
(4) Clay minerals cannot form unless there is water available, it is essential
ingredient in their microscopic crystalline structure. Clays are found virtually
124
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

nowhere and the red planet except in Mars most ancient terrains, dating back
to an period about 3.7-4.1 billion years ago, called the Noachian.
(5) On earth, clay forms by minerals grains that are chemically attacked by
water. Most scientists believe that a similar process took place on Mars during
its wet, Noachian period. However, some researchers have suggested that
most of the detected clay was not formed in this way at all. They argued
instead it formed prior to that, while warm water was circulating through the
bedrock in response to nearby volcanic and instructive activity.

35- What is one important idea about today's Mars that the writer mentions
in Paragraphs (1-2)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة عن كوكب المريخ اليوم والتي ذكرها‬
‫)؟‬2-1( ‫الكاتب في البراقرافين‬
(A) orbiting spacecraft
(B) rocky minerals
(C)rainfall
(D) valleys
36- What evidence does the writer mention to show that probably used to
have rain?
‫ما الدليل الذي ذكره الكاتب لإثبات أنه ربما كان المطر ينزل؟‬
(A) There are clays on Mars' surface.
(B) The surface used to be suitable for life.
(C) There are valleys with many tributaries.
(D) Volcanic activity typically causes rain.
37- Why does the writer mention surface rovers? ‫لماذا يذكر الكاتب مركبات‬
‫السطح؟‬
(A) They've helped show that water turns rocky minerals into clay.
(B) They've helped show that clays on Mars are different from those on Earth.
(C) They've helped show that Mars used to have good conditions for life.
(D) They've helped show that Mars is at least 4 billion years old.

38- What is one important idea related to clay that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالطين التي ذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬
125
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(A) water
(B)structure
(C) terrains
(D) time
Passage 5 Mapping the African Coast

(1) Prince Henry led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal, a small
nation next to Spain. First, Prince Henry's navigators discovered and claimed
the Madeira and Azores islands to the west and southwest of Portugal. By
1415, Portugal had expanded into Muslim North Africa, seizing the port of
Ceuta on the North African coast.

(2) Prince Henry saw great promise in Africa. The Portuguese could convert
Africans - most of whom practiced tribal religions - to Christianity. He also
believed that in Africa he would find the sources of riches the Muslim traders
controlled.

(3) Finally, Prince Henry hoped to find an easier way to reach Asia, which
meant going around Africa. The Portuguese felt that with their expert
knowledge and technology, they could accomplish this feat. At Sagres, in
southern Portugal. Henry gothered scientists, cartographers, or mapmakers,
and other experts. They redesigned ships, prepared maps, and trained
captains and crews for long voyages. Henry's ships then slowly worked their
way south to explore the western coast of Africa.

(4) Henry died in 1460, but the Portuguese continued their quest. In 1488.
Bartholomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa. Despite the turbulent
seas around it, the tip became known as the Cape of Good Hope because it
opened the way for a sea route to Asia.
40- How did the Portuguese get into Muslim North Africa? ‫كيف دخل‬
‫البرتغاليون إلى شمال إفريقيا المسلمة؟‬
(A)By taking the islands of Madeira and Azores.
(B) By getting there before the Spanish could.
(C) By making Africans become Christians.
(D) By taking the port of Ceuta.
126
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

41- Why does the writer use the word "Finally" in Paragraph (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫"أخيرا" في البرقراف‬
ً ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب الكلمة‬
(A) To give some final information about how to explore Africa.
(B) To show that it would be possible to explore Asia instead of Africa.
(C) To give one more important reason for exploring Africa.
(D) To give an example of what the Portuguese could do in Africa.
42- Which word can we use to replace the word because in Paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لتحل محل اكلمة "لأن" في البرقراف‬
(A) although
(B) besides
(C) since
(D) so
43- Why are autotrophs known as primary producers?
‫لماذا تعرف التغذية الذاتيه باسم المنتجين الأساسيين؟‬
(A) Because autotroph means primary producer in Latin.

(B) They are able to survive off their own sources of energy
(C) They both use the sun and chemical compounds for energy.
(D) Because their production of energy benefits other organisms.
44- The word transferred in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to…..
............. ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "نقل" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) driven
(B) moved
(C) made
(D) saved
45- The word discovered in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to…..
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "اكتشف" في البرقراف‬
(A) believed
(B) found
(C) hoped
(D) tried

127
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫‪Passage 7‬‬
‫‪Recent Palm Expansion‬‬
‫‪INDONESIA: Palm Area Growth by Owner‬‬

‫?‪46-What year did the Government Estate reach 500,000 hectares‬‬

‫في أي عام وصلت العقارات الحكومية إلى ‪ 500000‬هكتار؟‬
‫‪(A) 1989‬‬
‫‪(B) 1997‬‬
‫‪(C) 2004‬‬
‫‪(D) 2009‬‬
‫‪Passage 8‬‬

‫?‪47- What is the percentage increase in Norway from 2004 to 2010‬‬

‫ما هي النسبة المئوية للزيادة في النرويج من ‪ 2004‬إلى ‪2010‬؟‬
‫‪128‬‬
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫‪(A) about 5%‬‬

‫‪(B) about 10%‬‬
‫‪(C) about 15%‬‬
‫‪(D) about 20%‬‬
‫‪Passage 9‬‬
‫‪survey on Why People Travel‬‬
‫‪33%‬‬
‫‪40 -‬‬
‫‪visit friends or‬‬ ‫‪30%‬‬
‫‪Relatives‬‬ ‫‪Leisure‬‬ ‫‪22.5%‬‬
‫‪30 -‬‬
‫‪Work-related‬‬

‫‪20 -‬‬ ‫‪14.6%‬‬

‫‪Personal Business‬‬

‫‪10 -‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫كم عدد الأشخاص الذين يسافرون لقضاء ?‪48. how many people travel for leisure‬‬
‫وقت الفراغ؟‬
‫‪(A) 22.6 percent‬‬
‫‪(B) 30 percent‬‬
‫‪(C) 30 people‬‬
‫‪(D) 300 people‬‬

‫‪129‬‬
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

49- By how much did the number of visitors from Western Europe decrease
in 2001?
‫؟‬2001 ‫بكم انخفض عدد الزوار من أوروبا الغربية في عام‬
(A) About 75,000
(B) About 150,000
(C) About half
(D) About 75%
50- According to the passage, what are kinds of wage taxes?
‫ ما هي أنواع ضرائب الأجور؟‬،‫بحسب المقطع‬
(A) income tax and social security tax.
(B) social security and Medicare taxes.
(C) purchase and Medicare taxes.
(D) payroll and wealth taxes.

130
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 17

Passage 1 (‫)الزيادة السكانية وتخطيط المدن‬

1) With the population explosion that began during the1700s and continued
through the 1800s, cities grew as rural people streamed into urban areas. This
rapid growth was not due to larger families. In fact, families in most
industrialized countries had fewer children. Instead, populations soared
because the death rate fell and nutrition improved, thanks in part to
improved methods of farming, food storage, and distribution. Medical
advances and improvements in public sanitation also slowed death rates.
2) Since the 1600s, scientists had known of microscopic organisms, or
microbes. Some scientists speculated that certain microbes might cause
specific infectious diseases. Yet most doctors dismissed this germ theory. Not
until 1870 did French chemist Louis Pasteur clearly show the link between
microbes and disease. Pasteur went on to make other major contributions to
medicine, including the development of vaccine. He also
discovered a process called pasteurization that killed disease-carrying
microbes in milk. Also, in the 1880s. the German doctor Robert Koch identified
the bacterium that caused tuberculosis, a respiratory disease that claimed
about 30 million human lives in the 1800s.
3) These successes brought about a soaring population and changed the face
of cities forever with some undergoing rapid development. Together with
growing wealth and industrialization, this altered the basic layout of European
cities. City planners created spacious new squares and boulevards. They lined
these avenues with government buildings, offices, department stores and
theaters. The most extensive urban renewal, or rebuilding of the poor areas of
a city, took place in Paris in the 1850s. Georges Haussmann, chief planner for
Napoleon III, destroyed many narrow medieval streets full of poor housing. In
their place, he built wide boulevards and grand public buildings. The project
put many people to work, decreasing the threat of social unrest. The wide
boulevards also made it harder for rebels to put up barricades and easier for
troops to reach any part of the city.
131
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

4) Further improvements followed, with paved streets making urban areas

much more livable. First, as lamps, and then electric street lights illuminated
the night, increasing safety.
5) Beneath the streets, sewage systems make cities a much healthier place to
live. City planners knew that clean water supplies and better sanitation
methods were needed to combat epidemics of cholera and tuberculosis. In
Paris, sewer lines expanded from 139 kilometers in 1852 to more than 1200
kilometers by 1911. The massive new sewer systems of London and Paris were
costly, but they cut death rates dramatically.
6) By 1900, architects were using steel to construct tall buildings. American
architects like Louis Sullivan pioneered a new structure, the skyscraper. In
large cities, single-family middle-class homes gave way to multistory
apartment buildings.
7) Despite these efforts to improve cities, urban life remained harsh for the
poor. Some working-class families could afford better clothing, newspapers
or tickets to a music hall. But they went home to small row houses in
overcrowded neighborhoods.

8) In the worst areas, whole families were often crammed into a single room.
Unemployment or sickness meant lost wages that could ruin a family. High
rates of crime were a constant curse. Conditions had improved somewhat
from the early days of the Industrial Revolution, but slums remained a fact of
city life.
9) Despite their drawbacks, cities attracted millions. New residents were
drawn as much by the excitement as by the opportunity for work. For tourists
too, cities were centers of action. Music halls, opera houses and theaters
provided entertainment for every taste. Museums and libraries offered
educational opportunities. Sports, from tennis to boxing drew citizens of all
classes. Few of these enjoyments were available in country villages.
21. What nationality was Louis Sullivan? ‫ما جنسية لويس سوليفان؟‬
A- American.
B- British.
C- French.
D- German.
132
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

22. When did population levels begin to increase very quickly?

‫متى بدأت مستويات السكان في الزيادة بسرعة كبيرة؟‬
A- 1500s.
B- 1600s.
C- 1700s.
D- 1800s.
23. What do microbes cause? ‫ماذا ٌتسبب الميكروبات؟‬
A- diseases.
B- cholera.
C- headaches.
D- vaccines.
24. Who rebuilt parts of Paris in the 1800s? ‫من أعاد بناء أجزاء من باريس في‬
‫القرن التاسع عشر؟‬
A- Georges Haussmann.
B- Louis Sullivan.
C- Napoleon Bonaparte.
D- Robert Koch.

Passage 2 (‫)الروايات والقصص القصيرة‬

1) Narratives are stories - something you hear and tell every day - Some are true:
they're a way to share the events of your latest experiences, and they're a way to
reveal the events in the world. These stories are nonfiction. But not all stories
have to be true. When the stories are made up, they are called fiction, and they
can take on a life of their own. You see, hear, and imagine fictional stories when
you watch television sitcoms, read novels, or daydream about becoming a movie
star.
One kind of imaginative narration is the short story - a written piece of fiction
that follows specific rules and has its own unique characteristics.
2) A short story is a brief fictional narrative that combines elements to create
a world that attracts the reader's attention and interest. An effective short
story:
• uses details to create a setting of time and place in the reader's mind.
• presents a main character who takes part in the action.
• introduces and develops a conflict, or a problem, to be resolved.
133
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

• suggests a theme or generalization about life.

3) Short stories, as well as other forms of fiction, may be categorized
according to the types of setting or conflict they present. Here are a few
examples of types of short stories:
• Mysteries - present a story with important missing information, which is
revealed as the plot unfolds.
• Westerns - usually focus on a specific combination of character, setting, and
time: cowboys in the western parts of the United States in the second half of
the nineteenth century.
• Thrillers - create a high level of tension by introducing danger in the conflict
they present.
25. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ما هو الغرض الرئيسي للكاتب؟‬
A- to inspire.
B- to persuade.
C- to inform.
D- to argue.
26. What is the main idea in Paragraph 2)? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية في البرقراف‬
‫)؟‬2
A- The characteristics of a well-written short story.
B- That short story can take place in the past or present.
C- Conflicts and problems in short stories.
D- That a good short story is very difficult to write.

Passage 3 (‫)المحميات ومواطن عيش الحيوانات‬

Animal Habitats
1) Humans are not the only species on Earth capable of building extraordinary
structures. The natural world is in fact full of ingenious animals that can
achieve just as impressive feats of engineering.
2) Building behavior is common in mammals, birds, insects and arachnids.
Many animals learn to build by observation and even through
communication. However, in some cases building is thought to be instinctive.
3) Animals will often construct their own habitats for shelter against potential
predators and the outside elements. Many dwellings are also built for nesting
purposes and to catch, store and even cultivate food.
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4) Animal architecture can also be quite sophisticated; with many structures

incorporating clever ventilation systems for temperature control, and even
secure entry and exit points to keep unwanted visitors away.
5) Complex builds are often undertaken as a group, which helps speed up
construction time. Take for example the humble ant. An army of ants can
move up to 50 tons of soil per year in just 2.6 square kilometers. A single ant
is capable of carrying up to 50 times its own weight, so working together as a
colony means they're able to accomplish impressive feats. In fact, within a
week, a large army of garden ants can construct an underground city big
enough to house thousands of insects.
6) Established deep underground, ant nests are made up of multiple
chambers and connecting tunnels. Each chamber has a different use; some
store food while others are used as nurseries for the young and resting
spaces for busy worker ants and the deepest central chamber is where the
queen ant lays her eggs.
27. What does Paragraph 1) say about the natural world?
‫) عن العالم الطبيعي؟‬1( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
A- Humans are the only capable species.
B- The Earth is made of extraordinary structures.
C- Engineers can help us build impressive things.
D- Animals can match humans in creating structures.
28. Which of the following statements about building behavior does P 2)
support?
‫)؟‬2( ‫أي من العبارات التالية حول سلوك البناء يدعمها البرقراف‬
A- It is usual for all animal species.
B- There are different ways animals learn to build.
C- Animals need to be taught to build complex structures.
D- Communication between insects and birds leads to stronger structures.
29. What does Paragraph 3) reveal about animal constructions?
‫) عن التركيبات الحيوانية؟‬3( ‫ماذا يكشف البرقراف‬
A- Nests are built in the outside elements.
B- The constructions have many purposes.
C- Construction is done under the ground.
D- Animals construct habitats for other animals.
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30. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph 5)?

‫)؟‬5( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
A- Take for example the humble ant.
B- An army of ants can move up to 50 tons of soil per in just 2.6 square
kilometers.
C- Complex builds are often undertaken as a group, which helps speed up
construction time.
D- A single ant is capable of carrying up to 50 times its own weight, so
working together as a colony means they're able to accomplish impressive
feats.
31. Which statement about animal architecture in Paragraph 5) is correct?
‫)؟‬5( ‫ما العبارة الصحيحة حول العمارة الحيوانية في البرقراف‬
A- Ants build their cities in groups.
B- An ant army protects its colonies.
C- Ants construct their habitat in many weeks.
D- A single ant can move 50 tons of soil in a year.

Passage 4 (‫برامج العمل الإيجابي وتأثيرها على الشركات والموظفين) على‬

Affirmative Action
1) An affirmative action program is a plan designed to increase the number of
minority employees at all levels within an organization. Employers with
federal contracts of more than $50,000 per year must have written affirmative
action plans. The objective of such programs is to ensure that minorities are
represented within the organization in approximately the same proportion as
in the surrounding community. If 25 percent of the electricians in a
geographic area in which a company is located are African-Americans, then
approximately 25 percent of the electricians it employs also should be
African-Americans.
2) Unfortunately, affirmative action programs have been plagued by two
problems. The first involves quotas. In the beginning, many firms pledged to
recruit and hire a certain number of minority members by a specific date. To
achieve this goal, they were forced to consider only minority applicants for
job openings. However, the courts have ruled that such quotas are
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unconstitutional even though their purpose is commendable. They are, in fact

a form of discrimination called reverse discrimination.
3) The second problem is that although most such programs have been
reasonably successful, not all businesspeople are in favor of affirmative action
programs. Managers not committed to these programs can «play the game»
and still discriminate against workers. To help solve this problem, Congress
created a government agency with the power to investigate complaints of
employment discrimination and sue firms that practice it.
4) The threat of legal action has persuaded some corporations to amend their
hiring and promotional policies, but the discrepancy between men's and
women's salaries still exists. For more than 50 years, women have consistently
earned only about 77 cents for each dollar earned by men.
32. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about quotas in
Paragraph 2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب حول الحصص في البرقراف‬
A- They had a bad effect on companies.
B- They prevented some people from finding work.
C- They made affirmative action programs look good.
D- They are one of two problems companies deal with.
33. What is one important idea the writer mentions about affirmative action
programs in Paragraph 3)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي يذكرها الكاتب حول‬
‫)؟‬3( ‫برامج العمل الإيجابي في البرقراف‬
A- These programs help everyone find the job they want.
B- They have been extremely successful for minority employees.
C- Many companies have gone to court because of these programs.
D- Some companies still act in a negative way towards minority employees.
34. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about women in
Paragraph 4)?
‫)؟‬4 ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب عن النساء في البرقراف‬
A- They had to take legal action.
B- They apply for many job openings.

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C- They make less money than men.

D- They have worked for more than 50 years.
35. Why does the writer mention that affirmative action programs had two
problems?
‫لماذا يذكر الكاتب أن برامج التمييز الإيجابي بها مشكلتان؟‬
A- To show that these programs have failed from the start.
B- To show that the courts have been against these programs.
C- To show that the government wanted to solve these problems.
D- To show that these programs have had both good and bad results.
36. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للمقطع؟‬
A- The effect of affirmative action programs.
B- The importance of geography at work.
C- The role of the court in government.
D- The reason women are paid less than men.

Passage 5 (‫)التغيرات في الزراعة‬

Changes in Agriculture
1) Between 1950 and 1970, a world-wide effort to combat hunger and
malnutrition led to dramatic improvements in farming techniques and crop
yields. This effort came to be called the green revolution because it greatly
increased the world's food supply. Green revolution technologies enabled
many countries to end chronic food shortages and, in some cases, become
exporters of surplus food.
2) At the heart of the green revolution was the use of high-yield varieties of
seed and fertilizer. For thousands of years, farmers have added essential
nutrients in the form of natural fertilizers such as animal manure. While some
farmers today still use these traditional methods, many farmers use artificial
fertilizers.
3) Fertilizers are labeled with three numbers that reflect the percentage by
weight of three elements: nitrogen N), phosphorus P), and potassium K). A
bag of garden fertilizer labeled «20-10-5» is 20 percent nitrogen, 10 percent
phosphorus, and 5 percent potassium by weight.
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4) Fertilizers and pesticides must be used with great care. Over fertilizing can
kill crop plants by putting too high a concentration of salts into the soil. The
intensive use of fertilizers can also affect the groundwater. When large
amounts of nitrogen and phosphate-containing fertilizer are used near
wetlands and streams, runoff from the fields may contaminate the water.
Pesticides can also pose a health risk.
Chemical pesticides are poisons, and they have the potential to harm wildlife
and leave dangerous chemical residues in food.
37. Why does the writer use the word while in Paragraph 2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب الكلمة بينما في البرقراف‬
A- to give more information about nutrients.
B- to give an example of the green revolution.
C- to show that natural fertilizers are better.
D- to show that artificial fertilizers are more popular.
38. What does Paragraph 2) say about the green revolution?
‫) عن الثورة الخضراء؟‬2( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
A- It started with traditional methods.
B- It started with new seeds and fertilizers.
C- It started thousands of years ago.
D- It started with essential nutrients and manure.
39. How did some countries become exporters of food? ‫كيف أصبحت بعض‬
‫الدول مصدرة للغذاء؟‬
A- They added pesticides to fertilizers.
B- They bought farms in other countries.
C- They relied on artificial fertilizers and ground water.
D- They used enhanced farming techniques and crop yields.
40. Why was the green revolution important? ‫لماذا كانت الثورة الخضراء مهمة؟‬
A- It happened in western countries only.
B- It is a new technology to avoid over fertilization.
C- It is the use of one type of seed and fertilizers.
D- It helped end hunger in many countries.

139
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41. How does over fertilization affect plants? ‫كيف يؤثر الإخصاب الزائد على‬
‫النباتات؟‬
A- It can destroy plants.
B- It makes plants grow much faster.
C- It stops plants from absorbing water.
D- It can leave chemical remains in food.
Passage 6 (‫)التشريح واستكشاف الجسم البشري‬
Exploring the Human Body
1) Medieval physicians relied on the works of the ancient physician Galen.
Galen, however, had made many errors, in part because he had limited
knowledge of human anatomy. During the Renaissance, physicians made new
efforts to study the human body. In 1543, Andreas Vesalius published ``The
Structure of the Human Body, the first accurate and detailed study of human
anatomy. Vesalius used whatever means he could to increase his knowledge
of anatomy. He used friendships with people of influence to get invitations to
autopsies. He also autopsied bodies that he himself obtained - counting on
friends in the local government to look the other way.
2) In the early 1540s, French physician Ambroise Paré developed a new and
more effective ointment for preventing infection. He also developed new
surgical techniques, introduced the use of artificial limbs, and invented several
scientific instruments. Then in the early 1600s, William Harvey, an English
scholar, described the circulation of the blood for the first time. He showed
how the heart serves as a pump to force blood through veins and arteries.
Later in the century, the Dutch inventor Anton van Leeuwenhoek perfected
the microscope and became the first human to see cells and microorganisms.
These pioneering scientists opened the way for further discoveries.
42. What was the main reason Galen made mistakes in his writing?
‫ما هو السبب الرئيسي وراء أخطاء جالينوس في كتابته؟‬
A- He only studied the anatomy of animals.
B- He copied the work of ancient physicians.
C- He made little effort to study human anatomy.

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D- He had little information about human anatomy.

43. How was Vesalius able get dead bodies for his research?
‫كيف استطاع فيزاليوس الحصول على جثث لأبحاثه؟‬
A- He wrote a book about anatomy.
B- He paid doctors for dead bodies to study.
C- His friends in the local government allowed him.
D- He had a very good knowledge of anatomy.
44. What is one reason new discoveries were possible after the 1600s?
‫ما هو أحد أسباب ظهور الاكتشافات الجديدة بعد القرن السابع عشر؟‬
A- Many scientists were friends and worked together.
B- Leeuwenhoek developed a better microscope.
C- Ambroise Pare opened a medical school.
D- William Harvey discovered the heart.
45. The word accurate in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ……
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "دقيق" في البرقراف‬
A- public.
B- healthy.
C- correct.
D- famous.
46. The word introduced in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ……
........ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "قدم" في البرقراف‬
A- changed.
B- broke.
C- ended.
D- began.
47. The word invented in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to …….
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "اخترع في البرقراف‬
A- broke.
B- sold.
C- grew.
D- made.

141
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Passage 7 (‫)قياس الأداء الاقتصادي‬

Measuring Economic Performance
(1) Today, it is hard to turn on the radio, watch the news on television, use the
Internet, or read the newspaper without hearing or seeing something about
the economy. Consider for just a moment the following questions:
• Are U.S. workers as productive as workers in other countries?
• Is the gross domestic product for the United States increasing or
decreasing?
• What is the current balance of trade for the United States?
• Why is the unemployment rate important?
(2) The information needed to answer these questions, along with the
answers to other similar questions, is easily obtainable from many sources.
More important, the answers to these and other questions can be used to
gauge the economic health of a nation. For individuals, the health of the
nation's economy often affects the amount of interest you pay for homes,
automobiles, credit card purchases, and other credit transactions. Finally, the
health of the economy can also affect your ability to get a job or the financing
you need to continue your education.
The Importance of Productivity in the Global Marketplace
(3) One way to measure a nation's economic performance is to assess its
productivity. Productivity is the average level of output per worker per hour.
An increase in productivity results in economic growth because a larger
number of goods and services are produced by a given labor force.
(4) In addition to productivity, a measure called gross domestic product can
be used to measure the economic well-being of a nation. Gross domestic
product (GDP) is the total dollar value of all goods and services produced by
all people within the boundaries of a country during a one-year period. For
example, the values of automobiles produced by employees in an American-
owned General Motors plant and a Japanese-owned Toyota plant in the

142
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United States are both included in the GDP for the United States. The U.S.
GDP was $14.3 trillion in 2009.

(5) The GDP figure facilitates comparisons between the United States and
other countries because it is the standard used in international guidelines for
economic accounting. It is also possible to compare the GDP for one nation
over several different time periods. This comparison allows observers to
determine the extent to which a nation is experiencing economic growth. For
example, government experts project that GDP will grow to $21.8 trillion by
the year 2018.
(6) To make accurate comparisons of the GDP for different years, we must
adjust the dollar amounts for inflation. Inflation is a general rise in the level of
prices. Deflation is a general decrease in the level of prices. By using inflation-
adjusted figures, we are able to measure the real GDP for a nation. In effect, it
is now possible to compare the products and services produced by a nation
in constant dollars-dollars that will purchase the same amount of goods and
services.
(7) In addition to GDP and real GDP, other economic measures exist that can
be used to evaluate a nation's economy. Because of the recent economic
crisis, one very important statistic that is in the news on a regular basis is the
unemployment rate: The unemployment rate is the percentage of a nation's
labor force unemployed at any time. According to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, when workers are unemployed, they, their families, and the country
as a whole lose. Workers and their families lose wages, and the country loses
the goods or services that could have been produced. In addition, the
purchasing power of the workers is lost, which can lead to unemployment for
yet other workers. Despite both federal and state programs to reduce the
unemployment rate for the United States, it was hovering around 10 percent
at the time of publication. This is an especially important statistic – especially
if you are unemployed. The consumer price index (CPI) is a monthly index

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that measures the changes in prices of a fixed basket of goods purchased by

a typical consumer in an urban area. Goods listed in the CPI include food and
beverages, transportation, housing, clothing, medical care, recreation,
education, communication, and other goods and services. Economists often
use the CPI to determine the effect of inflation on not only the nation's
economy but also individual consumers. Another monthly index is the
producer price index (PPI). The PPI measures prices that producers receive for
their finished goods. Because changes in the reflect price increases or
decreases at the wholesale level, the PPI is an accurate predictor of both
changes in the CPI and prices that consumers will pay for many everyday
necessities.
48. What goods and services do people pay interest on?
A- homes and automobiles.
B- homes and medical care.
C- medical care and education.
D- recreation and communication.

Passage 7 (‫)أنواع المؤسسات بين بيزنس ومؤسسات غير ربحية وطرق ادارتها‬
Corporations
1) Corporations are organizations that are created by following statutory
guidelines enacted by the state. Once incorporated, these organizations,
unlike a partnership, have a separate legal existence. A corporation is
sometimes referred to as an artificial person and even has some constitutional
rights. Corporations can be formed for many different purposes. The two
main types of corporations are business corporations and nonprofit
corporations. Business corporations are formed for a business purpose-that
is, to engage in a business for the purpose of making a profit that can be
distributed to the owners of the corporation. A nonprofit corporation is
formed to serve some public purpose-often charitable, religious: or
educational. Although nonprofit corporations sometimes generate income,

144
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this income is not distributed to individual owners. It is used by the

corporation for its stated purpose.
Business Corporations
1) A business corporation is a legal entity separate from its owners. Its legal
existence does not depend on the life of its owners, and the corporation is
liable for its own debts and pays its own taxes. A corporation is formed by
complying with statutory requirements. Business corporations come in all
sizes. Some may.
2) A business corporation is a legal entity separate from its owners. Its legal
existence does not depend on the life of its owners, and the corporation is
liable for its own debts and pays its own taxes. A corporation is formed by
complying with statutory requirements. Business corporations come in all
sizes. Some may have only one owner or shareholder; others have thousands.
Regardless of the size, however, certain characteristics are the same. All
corporations are formed by filing a document known as articles or certificates
of incorporation with the secretary of state of some state. Usually this is the
state in which the business is primarily operating, but it need not be.
Articles or certificates of incorporation give the corporation its legal existence.
This usually very simple document describes the name and general powers of
the business. Businesses can incorporate in one state and do business as a
corporation in other states. There may be documents they must file in these
states to qualify to do business, but they need to incorporate in only one
state. When a corporation does this, it is said to be qualified as a foreign
corporation. A foreign corporation is one that does business within a state
but is not incorporated within that state.
3) Corporations are governed by a set of rules or policies known as bylaws.
Bylaws are the internal regulations for the corporation. They describe such
things as the powers of the corporation and the duties and responsibilities of
the directors and officers. Bylaws are kept at the corporate office; they are not
filed with any government agency.
4) Three groups play an important role in all corporations:

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shareholders, directors, and officers. Shareholders are the owners of the

business. They usually have invested money, property, or services in the
business and in return they share in profits that the business makes. Profits
are usually distributed to the shareholders in the form of dividends. When
shareholders invest in the business, they purchase a security. Even though
shareholders are the owners of the business, unlike other forms of business,
these owners do not directly manage and operate the business. Their power
is usually limited to electing the directors, although they do have the right to
approve certain types of business decisions made by the directors.
Shareholders are usually required to meet at least once a year and hold a
regular meeting. Minutes of these meetings are prepared.
5) Directors or the board of directors have general management power over
the corporation. They are responsible for setting general business policies.
Directors are sometimes also shareholders. This is especially true of
corporations that have only a few shareholders. Like shareholders, the
directors are required to hold a regular meeting at least once a year. They are
also allowed to hold special meetings whenever necessary. Written minutes
are always kept. Directors are not responsible for the day-to-day operation of
the business; day-to-day management is the responsibility of the officers of
the corporation. The officers are chosen by the directors.
6) Corporations have various officers. The traditional officers are president,
vice president, secretary, and treasurer. Today the president and treasurer are
usually referred to as the chief executive officer CEO) and the chief financial
officer CFO), respectively. In smaller corporations, the officers of the
corporation are also shareholders and directors.
7) Directors and officers of corporations owe legal duties to the corporations
they represent. However, courts recognize that if directors and officers are
constantly threatened with lawsuits whenever a business suffers a loss,
business will be seriously hindered. In assessing whether directors or officers
have breached their duties and are liable for corporate losses, the courts have
adopted an «independent business judgment» rule. Under this rule a court

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will not second-guess the business judgment of directors or officers absent

some extraordinary situations. The rule creates a presumption that the
directors or officers have not violated their legal duties. This presumption,
however, can be overcome if a party can show that the director or officer did
not act in good faith or that there is no rational explanation for the
questionable action.
49. What are the two main types of corporations? ‫ما هما النوعان الرئيسيان‬
‫للشركات؟‬
A- non-profit and charitable corporations.
B- non-profit and business corporations.
C- business and charitable corporations.
D- profit and educational corporations.
50. Which people must meet at least once a year?
‫من هم الأشخاص الذين يجب أن يجتمعوا مرة واحدة على الأقل في السنة؟‬
A- the CEO and CFO.
B- directors and officers.
C- shareholders and officers.
D- shareholders and directors.

Passage 8 (‫)التفاعلات الكيميائية‬

Chemical Reactions
1) Decomposition of compounds into elements and the combination of
elements to make compounds are examples of chemical processes. Using the
atomic theory, such processes are seen as changes in the combinations of
atoms. Such transformations are called chemical reactions. The term reaction
means to produce a result. A chemical reaction is a process in which one set
of chemicals is mixed and transformed into a new set of chemicals. When
charcoal, which is mostly elemental carbon, burns in air, the process is
envisioned as carbon atoms combining with diatomic oxygen molecules to
produce molecules of carbon dioxide gas.
2) As mentioned above, the law of conservation of matter expresses that
atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical processes. In other words,

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atoms are conserved in chemical reactions. A reaction is a special process in

which certain chemical combinations of atoms transform into new
combinations of atoms. In a reaction, the total atom count does not change.
Thus, destroying matter by chemical reactions is not possible.
51. The word theory in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to………
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1 ‫كلمة "نظرية" في البرقراف‬
A- idea.
B- style.
C- sense.
D- equipment.

52. The word expresses in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to …….

....... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2 ‫"يعبر" في البرقراف‬
ٌ ‫كلمة‬
A- checks.
B- approves.
C- buys.
D- explains.

Passage 9 (‫)مخاطر السفر جوا وطريقة حساب ذلك وفقا للمعدلات المختلفة‬
1) There's a lot more to trying to evaluate whether a particular risk is big or
small than you might think. Flying in airplanes is a case in point.
2) You'd think that you could determine the numbers and the odds and that
would be it. The annual risk of being killed in a plane crash for the average
American is about 1 in 11 million. On that basis, the risk looks pretty small.
Compare that, for example, to the annual risk of being killed in a motor
vehicle crash for the average American, which is about 1 in 5,000.
3) But if you think about those numbers, problems occur right away. Some
people fly more and some fly less and some don't fly at all. So if you take the
total number of people killed in commercial plane crashes and divide that
into the total population, the result, the risk for the average American, may be
a good general guide to whether the risk is big or small, but it's not specific
to your personal risk.
4) Then there is another numbers problem: You can calculate the risk of flying
by dividing the number:
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1. Of people who die into the total number of people, which gives you the risk
for the average person;
2. Of victims into the number of total flights all passengers took, which gives
the risk per flight; and some don't fly at all. So if you take the total number of
people killed in commercial plane crashes and divide that into the total
population, the result, the risk for the average American, may be a good
general guide to whether the risk is big or small, but it's not specific to your
personal risk.
4) Then there's another numbers problem: You can calculate the risk of flying
by dividing the number:
1. Of people who die into the total number of people, which gives you the risk
for the average person;
2. Of victims into the number of total flights all passengers took, which gives
the risk per flight;
3. Of victims into the total number of miles all of them flew, which gives you
the risk per mile.
5) They all produce accurate numbers, but which one is most relevant to you
depends on your personal flying patterns. Some fliers take lots of short flights
and some take longer ones. Since the overwhelming majority of the few plane
crashes that do occur take place in connection with takeoffs and landings, the
risk is less a matter of how far you fly and more a matter of how often. If you
are a frequent flier, then the risk per flight means more. For occasional long-
distance fliers, the risk per mile means more. A frequent, long-distance flier
would want to consider both.
53. What are two words the writer uses to mean «judge»?
‫ما الكلمتان اللتان يستخدمهما الكاتب ليعني «يحكم»؟‬
A- think / divide.
B- find out / take.
C- evaluate / consider.
D- compare / calculate.
54. What are two words that the writer uses to mean, «Find out»?
‫ما الكلمتان اللتان يستخدمهما الكاتب ليعني «اكتشف»؟‬
A- think / divide.
B- take / compare.
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C- produce / consider.
D- determine / calculate.
55. How is the writer's view about plane crash risk different from the general
belief?
‫كيف تختلف وجهة نظر الكاتب حول خطر تحطم الطائرة عن الاعتقاد العام؟‬
A- It is about 1 in 11 million.
B- It depends on national averages.
C- It depends on individual flying habits.
D- It depends on the condition of the plane.
56. According to the passage, which of the following is a fact about most
plane crashes?
‫ أي مما يلي يمثل حقيقة عن معظم حوادث تحطم الطائرات؟‬،‫وف ًقا للقطعه‬
A- They happen during takeoff and landing.
B- They happen during takeoff and mid-flight.
C- They happen mid-flight and during landing.
D- They happen during medium- and long -distance flights.
57. What can we understand from the passage about airplane crashes?
‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم من القطعه عن حوادث الطائرات؟‬
A- the risk of being killed is biggest in private plane crashes.
B- the risk of crashing is smallest for the average American.
C- the risk of being killed is biggest in commercial plane crashes.
D- the risk of crashing is biggest for frequent, long-distance fliers.

Passage 10 (‫)التذوق والشم‬

Passage A: Taste
1) Our sense of taste involves four basic sensations - sweet, sour, salty, and
bitter. All other tastes are mixtures of these. Investigators have, however,
been frustrated in their search for specialized nerve fibers for each of the four
basic taste sensations.
2) Taste is a chemical sense. Inside the little bumps on the top and sides of
your tongue are 200 or more taste buds. Each contains a pore that catches
food chemicals. These molecules are sensed by 50 taste receptor cells that
project antenna-like hairs into the pore. Some of these receptors respond

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mostly to sweet-tasting molecules, others to salty, sour, or bitter - tasting

ones.

3) Although taste buds are essential for taste, there is more to taste than
meets the tongue. Hold your nose, close your eyes, and have someone feed
you various foods. A piece of apple may then be indistinguishable from a
piece of raw potato; a piece of steak may taste like cardboard. To savor a
taste, we normally breathe the aroma through our nose-which is why eating
is not much fun when you have a bad cold, and why people who lose their
sense of smell may think they have also lost their sense of taste. Smell not
only adds to our perception of taste, it also changes it. A drink's strawberry
odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This is sensory interaction at
work, the principle that one sense may influence another. Smell plus taste
equals flavor.

Passage B: Smell
1) Breaths come in pairs-inhale, exhale-except at two moments: birth and
death. Each day, as you inhale and exhale nearly 20,000 breaths of life
sustaining air, you bathe your nostrils in a stream of molecules full of scents.
2) Like taste, smell is a chemical sense. We smell something when air-carried
molecules of a substance reach a tiny cluster of 5 million receptor cells at the
top of each nasal cavity. These olfactory receptor cells respond selectively to
the aroma of cake baking, to a wisp of smoke, to a friend's fragrance, and
they instantly alert the brain through their axon fibers.
3) Even nursing infants and mothers have a literal chemistry to their
relationship, as they quickly learn to recognize each other's scents. Aided by
smell, a mother fur seal returning to a beach crowded with pups will find her
own. Our own sense of smell is less impressive than the acuteness of our
seeing and hearing. Looking out across a garden we see its forms and colors
in exquisite detail and hear its singing birds, yet smell little of it without
jamming our nose into the flowers.
4) Precisely how olfactory receptors work is a mystery. Unlike light, which can
be separated into its spectral colors, an odor cannot be separated into more
elemental odors. Thus, the olfaction system has no parallel to the retina,
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which detects myriad colors with sensory cells dedicated to red, green, or
blue. Olfactory receptors recognize odors individually.
58. What can we understand from Passages A and B about both taste and
smell?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعتين (أ) و (ب) حول كل من الطعم والرائحة؟‬
A- They are more impressive than hearing.
B- They both involve the use of receptor cells.
C- They both involve olfactory receptor systems.
D- They both enhance the work of our other senses.
59. What do the passages say about the receptor cells involved in taste and
smell?
‫ماذا تقول المقاطع عن الخلايا المستقبلة المشاركة في الذوق والشم؟‬
A- Taste and smell require the use of at least 50 receptors.
B- Taste and smell involve the use of 5 million receptor cells.
C- Both the nose and the tongue have the same number of receptor cells.
D- The receptor cells involved in smell are a lot more than those involved in
taste.
60. According to the passages, why are taste and smell important for us to
enjoy food?
‫ لماذا يعتبر التذوق والشم مهمين بالنسبة لنا للاستمتاع بالطعام؟‬، ‫بحسب المقاطع‬
A- There is more to taste than meets the tongue.
B- Both senses interact to create flavors.
C- Both senses have sense receptors.
D- Both are chemical senses.

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Model 18
Passage 1 (‫تطور التعليم الحكومي‬
Growth of Public Education
(1) By the early 1800s, reformers persuaded many governments to set up
public schools and require basic education for all children. Teaching «the
three Rs» – reading, writing and arithmetic – was thought to produce better
citizens. In addition, industrialized societies recognized the need for a literate
workforce. Schools taught punctuality, obedience to authority. disciplined
work habits, and patriotism. In European schools. children also received basic
religious education.
Public Education Improves
(2) At first, elementary schools were primitive. Many teachers had little
schooling themselves. In rural areas, students attended schools only during
the times when they were not needed on the farm or in their parents' shops.
(3) By the late 1880s, more and more children were in school, and the quality
of elementary education improved. Teachers received training at Normal here
the latest 'norms and standards' of educational practices were taught.
Beginning in 1879, schools to train teachers were established in France. In
England, schooling girls and boys between the ages of five and ten became
compulsory after 1881. Also, governments began to expand secondary
schools, known as high schools in the United States. In secondary school,
students learned the classical languages Latin and Greek, along with history
and mathematics.
(4) In general, only middle-class families could afford to have their sons
attend these schools, which trained students for more serious study or for
government jobs. Middle-class girls were sent to school primarily in the hope
that they might marry well and become better wives and mothers. Education
for girls did not include subjects such as science, mathematics. Or physical
education because they were not seen as necessary subjects for girls to learn.
Higher Education Expands
(5) Colleges and universities expanded in this period, too. Most university
students were the sons of middle-or upper-class families. The university
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curriculum emphasized ancient history and languages, philosophy, religion

and law. By the late 1800s, universities added courses in the sciences,
especially in chemistry and physics at the same time, engineering schools
trained students who would have the knowledge and skills to build the new
industrial society.
(6) Some women sought greater educational opportunities. By the 1840s, a
few small colleges for women opened, including Bedford College in England
and Mount Holyoke in the United States. In 1863, the British reformer Emily
Davies campaigned for female students to be allowed to take the entrance
examinations for Cambridge University. She succeeded, but as late as 1897,
male Cambridge students rioted against granting degrees to women.

21. In 1879, where did schools to train teachers start?

‫ من أين بدأت المدارس لتدريب المعلمين؟‬، 1879 ‫في عام‬
A- England
B- France
C- United States
D- Greece
22. Where is Mount Holyoke College for Women? ‫أين تقع كلية ماونت هوليوك‬
‫للبنات؟‬
A- England
B- United States
C- France
D- Greece
23. What university course was added to the curriculum by the late 1800s?
‫ما هي الدورة الجامعية التي تمت إضافتها إلى المنهج الدراسي في أواخر القرن التاسع‬
‫عشر؟‬
A- chemistry
B- mathematics
C- religion
D- physical education

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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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Passage 2
(‫)الأصول والمصادر التاريخية لصياغة القوانين‬
Historical Origins of Law
(1) The origins and development of laves and legal systems are for the most
part based on the actions of government and religion. In many societies,
governments and religion are largely intertwined and their laws reflect this.
Because of differences in beliefs and values, laws vary widely from one society
to another. However, historically only two major types of legal systems
developed, civil law systems and common law. The term civil law as used to
describe a legal system refers to a system based primarily on written
constitutions and written laws or codes. In such legal systems, a ruler of
legislative body creates an extensive set of rules or regulations to govern. The
role of courts in such systems is limited. Common law systems, on the other
hand, are based on precedent or case law.
(2) Civil law jurisdictions, the more common in the world today, date back
thousands of years. One of the most famous examples was the Babylonian
Empire, a society ruled by a law known as the code of Haminurabi. The code
was named after the ruler of the time and dates back to approximately 1760
BCE.
(3) Common law systems are those based on the concept of precedent. In this
type of system, laws originate from decisions of courts rather than legislative
bodies. Originally. decisions were based on tradition and custom. but
eventually decisions were based on precedent. Precedent requires courts to
follow decisions of earlier courts. Common law originated with Medieval
England and is found in many countries once occupied by Great Britain.

24. What is the writer's main purpose in the passage? ‫ما هو الهدف الرئيسي‬
‫للكاتب في المقطع؟‬
A- to argue
B- to explain
C- to raise interest
D- to provide entertainment
25. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
A- All former British colonies have adopted Britain's legal system
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B- Common law is based on tradition and custom

C- Courts of law play different roles in civil and common law systems
D- Babylon is an early example of common law

Passage 3 ( ‫الصناعة وهجرة العمال للمدن ورجال الاعمال في بريطانيا امبراطورية‬

‫)الصناعة‬
Industrialization: migrant workers and entrepreneurs
(1) Britain's Industrial Revolution brought such wealth and power that Britain
became the world's superpower. This depended both on shipping routes and
the factory system. Factories all over the country, but especially the cotton
mills in the north of England, needed large numbers of workers. Pushed by
poverty and pulled by the chance of work in growing cities such as
Manchester, whole families left the English, Scottish. Welsh and Irish
countryside where they had lived for generations. This mass internal
migration took place alongside migration from other parts of Europe, notably
Italy.
(2) As cities grew. hundreds of thousands of people became part of an
industrial workforce. Workers organized themselves into trade unions and a
labor movement that pressed for social and political change. Demands for
higher wages and better living conditions were often led by migrant workers.
(3) Industrial Britain offered business opportunities too. During the 19th
century, the growing urban population offered an opportunity for people
setting up small businesses dealing in popular items such as street food,
clothing or household goods. Britain also attracted entrepreneurs from
overseas who believed their ideas and business ventures might succeed in the
most technologically advanced country in Europe.
(4) Many migrants settled in areas of cities where they could be close to
others who shared their culture and language. This made it easier to find
work and accommodation, socialize, shop and generally survive in a new city.
Certain areas of cities became identified with particular groups. for example,
the Irish in the Scotland Road area of Liverpool.
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26. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?

‫)؟‬1( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
A- Britain's Industrial Revolution brought such wealth and power that Britain
became the world's superpower.
B- This depended both on shipping routes and the factory system.
C- Factories all over the country, but especially the cotton mills in the north of
England, needed large numbers of workers.
D- Pushed by poverty and pulled by the chance of work in growing cities
such as Manchester, whole families left the English. Scottish Welsh and Irish
countryside where they had lived for generations.
27. What does Paragraph (2) say about the workers during Britain's Industrial
Revolution?
‫) عن العمال أثناء الثورة الصناعية البريطانية؟‬2( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
A- They had little power
B- They worked in difficult factory jobs
C- They included few workers from other countries
D- They fought for improved working and living situations
28. What does Paragraph (1) say about Britain's Industrial Revolution?
‫) عن الثورة الصناعية البريطانية؟‬1( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
A- It made England into the strongest country in the world
B- It increased the number of people living in the countryside
C- It caused many people around the country to lose their homes
D- It increased poverty in different parts of Europe, such as Italy.
29. What does Paragraph (3) say about new business opportunities in
Industrial Britain?
‫) عن فرص العمل الجديدة في بريطانيا الصناعية؟‬3( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
A- There were very little new business opportunities
B- There was too much competition from foreign businesses
C- They were only available to the rich and powerful citizens of the country
D- They increased because there were many people and new technology in
Britain
30. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكره الرئيسيه للقطعه؟‬
A- Britain's Industrial Revolution had a strong effect on labor movements
across Europe
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B- Britain's Industrial Revolution caused the cities of Manchester and

Liverpool to grow quickly
C- Britain's Industrial Revolution completely changed the country's economy
and global position
D- Britain's Industrial Revolution created more competition from countries,
such as America and Germany.
Passage 4 (‫)الطاقة الحركية‬
Kinetic Energy

(1) The first theory about how a hot object differs from a cold object was
formed in the 18th century. The suggested explanation was that when an
object was heated, an invisible fluid called «caloric» was added to the object.
Hot objects contain more calories than cold objects. The caloric theory could
explain some observations about heated objects (such as the fact that objects
expanded as they were heated) but could not explain others (such as why
your hands got warm when you rub them together).
(2) In the mid-19th century. scientists devised a new theory to explain heat.
The new theory was based on the assumption that matter is made up of tiny
particles that are always in motion. In a hot object, the particles move faster
and therefore have greater kinetic energy. The theory is called the kinetic-
molecular theory and is the accepted theory of heat. Just as a baseball has a
certain amount of kinetic energy due to its mass and velocity, each molecule
has a certain amount of kinetic energy due to its mass and velocity. Adding
up the kinetic energy of all the molecules in an object yields the thermal
energy of the object.
(3) When a hot object and a cold object touch each other, the molecules of
the objects collide along the surface where they touch. When higher kinetic
energy molecules collide with lower kinetic energy molecules. kinetic energy
is passed from the molecules with more kinetic energy to those with less
kinetic energy.
31. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
A- We need best to travel space
B- The way heat makes things bigger
C- How hot objects are stronger than cold

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D- Two theories about hot and cold objects

32. What is one important idea related to the new theory of heat in
Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالنظرية الجديدة للحرارة في البرقراف‬
A- Hot things have more kinetic energy
B- Scientists based it on an assumption
C- It used a baseball as an example
D- It was the second theory
33. What is one important idea related to the «caloric» theory in Paragraph
(1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بنظرية «السعرات الحرارية» في البرقراف‬
A- There was more caloric in cold things
B- It only explained one observation
C- An invisible fluid caused heat
D- It was the only good theory
34. Why does the writer mention that not objects expanded?
‫لماذا يذكر الكاتب أنه لم يتم توسيع الأشياء؟‬
A- To show what scientists believed in the 18th century
B- To show something scientists could explain
C- To show what happens to heated objects
D- To show the caloric theory

Passage 5 (‫الصناعة الحديثة عند السوفييت وستالين وخطة الخمسة أعوام‬

Modernizing Industry in the USSR: The Five-Year Plans
(1) Stalin set about achieving modernization of the Soviet economy through a
series of Five-Year Plans. These plans were drawn up by GOSPLAN, the state
planning organization that Lenin had set up in 1921. It set ambitious targets
for production in the important heavy industries (coal, iron, oil, electricity).
(2) The first Five-Year Plan focused on the major industries and although most
targets were not met, the achievements were still amazing. The USSR
increased production and created a foundation on which to build the next
Five-Year Plans. The USSR was rich in natural resources, but many of them
were in remote places such as Siberia. So whole cities were built from nothing
and workers taken out to the new industrial centers. Foreign observers
159
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

marveled as huge new steel mills appeared at Magnitogorsk in the Urals and
Sverdlovsk in central Siberia.
(3) The second Five-Year Plan (1933-37) built on the achievements of the first.
Mining for lead, tin, zinc and other minerals increased as Stalin further
exploited Siberia's rich mineral resources. Transport and communications
were also boosted, and new railways and canals were built. The most
spectacular showpiece project was the Moscow underground railway.
(4) Stalin also wanted industrialization to help improve Russia's agriculture.
The production of tractors and other farm machinery increased dramatically.
In the third Five-Year Plan, which was begun in 1938. some factories were to
switch to the production of consumer goods. However, this plan was
disrupted by the Second World War.
35. How does the writer feel about the Moscow underground railway?
‫كيف يشعر الكاتب تجاه قطار الأنفاق في موسكو؟‬
A- It was shocking
B- It was strange
C- It was ugly
D- It was amazing
36. How did Stalin solve the problem that Siberia is a far place?
‫كيف حل ستالين مشكلة أن سيبيريا مكان بعيد؟‬
A- Stalin improved the agriculture
B- Stalin built new industrial centers
C- Stalin made new laws for workers
D- Stalin increased farm machinery
37. Which word can we use to replace So in Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لتحل محل ذلك في البرقراف‬
A- meanwhile
B- therefore
C- particularly
D- besides
38. What does the passage say about Stalin? ‫ماذا يقول المقطع عن ستالين؟‬
A- Stalin made factories produce consumer goods
B- Stalin set up GOSPLAN, the state planning organization
C- Stalin aimed to modernize the Soviet economy
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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

D- Stalin achieved the targets of the first five-year plan

Passage 6 Friction (‫)الاحتكاك وقوانين الثبات والحركة‬

(1) In general, smooth surfaces produce less friction than rough surfaces. The
strength of the force of friction depends on two factors: how hard the
surfaces push together and the types of surfaces involved. Friction also
increases if surfaces push hard against each other. If you rub your hands
together forcefully, there is more friction than if you rub them together
lightly.
(2) Even the smoothest objects have irregular, bumpy Surfaces. When the
irregularities of one surface come into contact with those of another surface,
friction occurs. Friction acts in a direction opposite to the direction of the
object's motion. Without friction, a moving object might not stop until it
strikes another object.
Static Fiction
(3) The friction that acts on objects that are not moving is called static friction.
Because of static friction, you must use extra force to start the motion of
stationary objects. For example, think about what happens when you try to
push a heavy desk across a floor. If you push on the desk with a force less
than the force of static friction between the desk and the floor, the desk will
not move.
Rolling Fiction
(4) When an object rolls across a surface, rolling friction occurs. This type of
friction is important to engineers who design certain products. For example,
skates, skateboards, and bicycles need wheels that move freely. So, engineers
use ball bearings to reduce the friction between the wheels and the rest of
the product. These ball bearings are small, smooth steel balls that reduce
friction by rolling between moving parts.
39. The word produce in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة إنتاج في البرقراف‬
A- needmo
B- use
C- push
D- make
40. The word increases in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……
............ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة زيادة في البرقراف‬

161
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫‪A- grows‬‬
‫‪B- stops‬‬
‫‪C- starts‬‬
‫‪D- moves‬‬
‫?‪41. What happens because of rubbing two surfaces against each other‬‬
‫ماذا يحدث بسبب احتكاك سطحين ببعضهما البعض؟‬
‫‪A- stop‬‬
‫‪B- force‬‬
‫‪C- friction‬‬
‫‪D- movement‬‬
‫?‪42. What does the use of extra force with stationary objects lead to‬‬
‫إلى ماذا يؤدي استخدام القوة الزائدة مع الأجسام الثابتة؟‬
‫‪A- friction‬‬
‫‪B- nothing‬‬
‫‪C- motion‬‬
‫‪D- rolling friction‬‬
‫)رسم بياني لماذا يسافر الناس( ‪Passage 7‬‬

‫كم عدد الأشخاص الذين سافروا لقضاء ?‪43. How many people traveled for leisure‬‬
‫وقت الفراغ؟‬
‫‪A- 22.5 percent‬‬
‫‪B- 30 percent‬‬

‫‪162‬‬
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C- 30 people
D- 300 people

Passage 8 (‫)اليوكيبيديات‬
Wikis
(1) A wiki is a Web site anyone can edit directly within a Web browser (provided
the site grants the user edit access). Wikis derive their name from the Hawaiian
word for «quick». Ward Cunningham, the «wiki father» named this new class of
software with the title in honor of the wiki-wiki shuttle bus at the Honolulu
airport. Wikis can indeed be one of the speediest ways to collaboratively create
content online. Many popular online wikis serve as a shared knowledge
repository in some domains.
(2) The largest and most popular wiki is Wikipedia, but there are hundreds of
publicly accessible wikis that anyone can participate in. Each attempt to record
a world of knowledge within a particular domain. But wikis can be used for any
collaborative effort – from meeting planning to project management. And in
addition to the hundreds of public wikis, there are many thousand more that
are hidden away behind firewalls, used as trademarked internal tools for
organizational collaboration.
(3) Like blogs, the value of a wiki derives from both technical and social features.
The technology makes it easy to create, edit, and refine content; learn when
content has been changed, how and by whom; and to change content back to
a prior state. But it is the social motivations of individuals (to make a
contribution, to share knowledge) that allow these features to be harnessed.
The larger and more active a wiki community, the more likely it is that content
will be up to-date and that errors will be quickly corrected. Several studies have
shown that large community wiki entries are as or more accurate than
professional publication counterparts.
(4) Went to add to or edit a wiki entry? On most sites you just click the «Edit»
link. Wikis support what you see is what you get editing that, while not as robust
as traditional word processors, is still easy enough for most users to grasp

163
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

without training or knowledge of obscure code or markup language. Users can

make changes to existing content and can easily create new pages or articles
and link them to other pages in the wiki. Wikis also provide a version history.
Click the «History» link on Wikipedia, for example, and you can see when edits
were made and by whom. This feature allows the community to roll back a wiki
to a prior page, in the event that someone accidentally deletes key information,
or intentionally ruins a page.
(5) Vandalism is a problem on Wikipedia, but it's more of a nuisance than a
crisis. A Wired article chronicled how Wikipedia's entry for former U.S. President
Jimmy Carter was regularly replaced by a photo of a scruffy woman. random
unshaven man. Nasty and inappropriate. to be sure, but the Wikipedia editorial
community is now so large and so vigilant that most vandalism is caught and
corrected within seconds. Watch-lists for the most active targets (say the web
pages of political figures or controversial topics) tip off the community when
changes are made.
(6) Wikis are available both as software (commercial as well as open-source
varieties) that firms can install on their own computers or as online services
(both subscription or ad-supported) where content is hosted off-site by third
parties. Since wikis can be started without the oversight or involvement of a
firm's IT department, their appearance in organizations often comes from
grassroots user initiative. Many wiki services offer additional tools such as blogs,
message boards, or spreadsheets as part of their feature set. making most wikis
really more full-featured platforms for social computing.
Examples of Wiki Use
(7) Wikis can be vital tools for collecting and leveraging knowledge that would
otherwise be scattered throughout an organization: reducing geographic
distance and removing boundaries between functional areas. Companies have
used wikis in a number of ways:
• At Pixar, all product meetings have an associated wiki to improve productivity.
The online agenda ensures that all attendees can arrive knowing the topics and
issues to be covered. Anyone attending

164
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

training for new hires. Six months after launch, wiki use had surpassed activity
on the firm's established intranet Wikis are also credited with helping to reduce
Dresdner e-mail traffic by 75 percent.
• Sony's PlayStation team uses wikis to regularly maintain one-page overviews
on the status of various projects. In this way, legal, marketing, and finance staff
can get quick, up-to-date status reports on relevant projects, including the
latest projected deadlines, action items, and benchmark progress. Strong
security measures are enforced that limit access to only those who must be in
the know, since the overviews often discuss products that have not been
released.
• ABC and CBS have created public wikis for the television programs Lost, The
Amazing Race, and CSI, among others, offering an outlet for fans, and a way
for new viewers to catch up on character backgrounds and complex plot lines.
• Executive Travel, owned by American Express Publishing, has created a travel
wiki for its more than one hundred and thirty thousand readers with the goal
of creating what it refers to as «a digital mosaic that in theory is more
authoritative, comprehensive, and useful» than comments on a Web site and
far more up-to-date than any paper-based travel guide.
44. What are two important features that wiki pages provide users?
‫ما السمتان المهمتان اللتان توفرهما صفحات الويكيبديا للمستخدمين؟‬
A- Pages and articles features
B- Edit and history link features
C- Full platforms and social computing features
D- Meeting planning and trademark tools features
45. What are three additional features wiki services provide to their users?
‫ما هي الميزات الثلاث الإضافية التي توفرها خدمات الويكيبديا لمستخدميها؟‬
A- Legal, marketing, and finance services
B- Blogs, message boards, and spreadsheets
C- Reviews, character backgrounds, and complex plot lines
D- Political figures, controversial topics, and mischief makers

165
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

46. Which two companies have used Wikis? ‫ما الشركتان اللتان استخدمتا‬
‫الويكيبيديا؟‬
A- ABC and CSI
B- Lost and CBS
C- Disney and Sony
D- Pixar and Dresdner

Passage 9 (‫ )التقطير البسيط‬Simple Distillation

(1) Simple distillation is a procedure by which two liquids with different
boiling points can be isolated. It can be used effectively to isolate liquids that
have at least fifty degrees difference in their boiling points. If we want to
obtain the solvent from a solution, then this process of distillation can be
carried out.
(2) Water can be obtained from salt water using this method. The solution is
heated in the flask until it boils. The steam rises into the Liebig condenser,
where it condenses back into water. The salt is left behind in the flask. In hot
and arid countries such as Saudi Arabia this sort of technique is used on a
much larger scale to obtain pure water for drinking. This process is carried
out in a desalination plant.
47. The word Isolate in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……
........ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "عزل" في البرقراف‬
A- contain
B- separate
C- maintain
D- combine
48. The word carried out in Paragraph (2) are closest in meaning to ……
...... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "نفذت" في البرقراف‬
A- considered
B- performed
C- attempted
D- proposed

166
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 10 (‫)الحفاظ على المحميات والأنظمة البيئية‬

Preserving Habitats and Ecosystems
(1) The main thrust of global conservation efforts today is to protect not just
individual species but entire ecosystems. The goal is to preserve the natural
interactions of many species. To that end, governments and conservation
groups work to set aside land as parks and reserves. The United States has
national parks, forests, and other protected areas. Marine sanctuaries are
being created to protect coral reefs and marine mammals.

(2) The challenge is protecting areas that are large enough and that contain
the right resources to protect biodiversity. To make sure that conservation
efforts are concentrated in the most important places. conservation biologists
have identified ecological hotspots'. An ecological hotspot is a place where
significant numbers of species and habitats are in immediate danger of
extinction. By identifying these areas, ecologists hope that scientists and
governments can better target their efforts to save as many species as
possible.

49. The word thrust in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……

............‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "نيه" في الفقرة‬
A- intention
B- judgment
C- guarantee
D- circumstance
50. The word extinction in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……
.......‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "انقراض" في البرقراف‬
A- suffering
B- destruction
C- separation
D- departure
51. The word concentrated in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……
........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "تتركز" في" البرقراف‬
A- balanced
B- identified
167
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C- appreciated
D- emphasized

Passage 11
Chemical Reactions
(1) Decomposition of compounds into elements and the combination of
elements to make compounds are examples of chemical processes. Using the
atomic theory, such processes are seen as changes in the combinations of
atoms. Such transformations are called chemical reactions. The term reaction
means to produce a result. A chemical reaction is a process in which one set
of chemicals is mixed and transformed into a new set of chemicals. When
charcoal, which is mostly elemental carbon, burns in air, the process is
envisioned as carbon atoms combining with diatomic oxygen molecules to
produce molecules of carbon dioxide gas.
(2) As mentioned above, the law of conservation of matter expresses that
atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical processes. In other words,
atoms are conserved in chemical reactions. A reaction is a special process in
which certain chemical combinations of atoms transform into new
combinations of atoms. In a reaction, the total atom count does not change.
Thus, destroying matter by chemical reactions is not possible.
52. The word theory in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………….
.........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "نظرية" في الفقرة‬
(A) Idea
(B) Style
(C) Sense
(D) Equipment
53. The word expresses in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………….
....... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "يعبر" في الفقرة‬
(A) checks
(B) approves
(C) buys
(D) explains

168
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 12 Photosynthesis
(1) All living organisms need food. They need it as a source of raw materials
to build new cells and tissues as they grow. They also need food as a source
of energy. Food is a kind of 'fuel' that drives essential living processes and
brings about chemical changes. Animals take in food, digest it and use the
digested products to build their tissues or to produce energy.
(2) Plants also need energy and raw materials but, apart from a few insect
eating species, plants do not appear to take in food. The most likely source of
their raw materials would appear to be the soil. However, experiments show
that the weight gained by a growing plant is far greater than the weight lost
by the soil it is growing in. So there must be additional sources of raw
materials.
(3) Jean-Baptiste van Helmont was a Dutch scientist working in the 17th
century. At that time very little was known about the process of
photosynthesis. He carried out an experiment using a willow shoot. He
planted the shoot in a container with 90.8 kg of dry soil and placed a metal
grill over the soil to prevent any accidental gain or loss of mass. He left the
shoot for 5 years in an open yard, providing it with only rainwater and
distilled water for growth. After 5 years he reweighed the tree and the soil
and came to the conclusion that the increase in mass of the tree (74.7 kg) was
due entirely to the water it had received. However, he was unaware that
plants also take in mineral salts and carbon dioxide, or that they use light as a
source of energy.
54. How is the author's view of "increase in mass" in trees different from the
Dutch scientist, Helmont's view? "‫كيف تختلف وجهة نظر المؤلف عن "زيادة الكتلة‬
‫ من وجهة نظر هيلمونت؟‬، ‫في الأشجار عن وجهة نظر العالم الهولندي‬
(A) It is due entirely to the water they receive.
(B) It is due to the water, air, and soil they receive.
(C) It is due to the water, minerals, carbon dionxide, and sun light.
(D) It is due to a healthy soil, enough water, enough minerals and air.
55. What word other than food does the writer use to talk about the need of
all living things? ‫ما هي الكلمة بخلاف الطعام التي يستخدمها الكاتب للحديث عن‬
‫حاجة كل الكائنات الحية؟‬
(A) cell
169
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(B) fuel
(C) material
(D) process
56. What can we understand from the passage about the source of food
hypothesis?
‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم من المقطع حول فرضية مصدر الغذاء؟‬
(A) Food comes from only carbohydrates and carbon.
(B) Food comes from three different sources.
(C) Food comes from more than four sources.
(D) Food comes from nitrogen and sulfur.
57. What can we understand from Paragraph (3) about Helmont's
experiment?
‫) عن تجربة هيلمونت؟‬3( ‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من البرقراف‬
(A) It failed because it used dry soil.
(B) It succeeded because it used only rainwater for 5 years.
(C) It failed because it did not pay attention to all things plants need.
(D) It failed because it happened a long time ago before photosynthesis was
even known.

Passage 13
Passage A: External Recruiting

(1) External recruiting is the attempt to attract job applicants from outside an
organization. External recruiting may include recruiting via newspaper
advertising, employment agencies, and online employment organizations;
recruiting on college campuses, soliciting recommendations from present
employees; and conducting «open houses». The biggest of the online job-
search sites is Monster.com, which has almost all the Fortune 500 companies,
as well as small and medium-sized businesses, as clients. In addition, many
people simply apply at a firm's employment office.

(2) Clearly, it is best to match the recruiting means with the kind of applicant
being sought. For example, private employment agencies most often handle
professional people, whereas public employment agencies (operated by state
170
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

or local governments) are more concerned with operations personnel. We

might approach a private agency when looking for a vice president but
contact a public agency to hire a machinist. Procter and Gamble hires
graduates directly out of college. It picks the best and brightest – not those
«tainted» by another company's culture. It promotes its own «inside» people.
This policy makes sure that the company retains the best and brightest and
trains new recruits. Procter and Gamble pays competitively and offers
positions in many countries. Employee turnover is very low.

(3) The primary advantage of external recruiting is that it brings in people

with new perspectives and varied business backgrounds. A disadvantage of
external recruiting is that it is often expensive, especially if private
employment agencies must be used. External recruiting also may provoke
resentment among present employees.
Passage B: Internal Recruiting
(1) Internal recruiting means considering present employees. Among leading
companies promoted from within. In the companies that hire CEOs from
outside, 40 percent of CEOs are gone after 18 months.
(2) Promoting from within provides strong motivation for current employees
and helps the firm to retain quality personnel. General Electric, ExxonMobil,
and Eastman Kodak are companies dedicated to promoting from within. The
practice of job posting, or informing current employees of upcoming
openings, may be a company policy or required by union contract. The
primary disadvantage of internal recruiting is that promoting a current
employee leaves another position to be filled. Not only does the firm still
incur recruiting and selection costs, but it also must train two employees
instead of one.
(3) In many situations it may be impossible to recruit internally. For example, a
new position may be such that no current employee is qualified, or the firm
may be growing so rapidly that there is no time to reassign positions that
promotion or transfer requires. Unions are culturally specific to countries
other than Saudi Arabia, so test takers may not be familiar with «union
contract».
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58. According to Passages A and B what is the benefit of promoting within a

company?
‫ما فائدة الترويج داخل الشركة وف ًقا للقطعتين (أ) و (ب)؟‬
(A) It helps companies retain the best employees.
(B) It leaves other positions to be filled.
(C) It increases employee turnover.
(D) It is not expensive.
59. What can we understand from Passages A and B about promoting
employees?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" بشأن ترقية الموظفين؟‬
(A) 40% of CEOs are promoted from within.
(B) Companies set policies for hiring their own employees.
(C) A transfer to a position at the same level is not allowed.
(D) Employees promoted from within usually leave after 18 months.
60. What can we understand from both passages about internal and external
recruiting? ‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من كلا القطعتين حول التوظيف الداخلي‬
‫والخارجي؟‬
(A) They both require the use of employment agencies.
(B) They both require companies to pay high salaries.
(C) They both involve training employees.
(D) They both provide opportunities to work in other countries.

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Model 19
Passage 1 (‫) البرمجيات المفتوحة والسماح بتجربتها ومشاركتها‬
Free Software
Freeware
(1) Freeware is software a user can download from the internet free of charge.
Once it has been downloaded. there are no fees associated with using the
software (examples include: Adobe, Skype or media players). Unlike free
software, freeware is subject to copyright laws and users are often requested
to tick a box to say they understand and agree to the terms and conditions
governing the software. This basically means that a user is not allowed to
study or modify the source code in any way.
Shareware
(2) In this case, users are allowed to try out some software free of charge for a
trial period. At the end of the trial period, the author of the software will
request that you pay a fee if you like it. Once the fee is paid. a user is
registered with the originator of the software and free updates and help are
then provided. Very often, the trial version of the software is missing some of
the features found in the full version, and these don't become available until
the fee is paid. Obviously, this type of software is fully protected by copyright
laws and a user must make sure they don't use the source code in any of their
own software. Permission needs to be obtained before this software is copied
and given to friends. family or colleagues.
21. What does Paragraph (1) say about freeware? ‫) عن‬1( ‫ماذا تقول البرقراف‬
‫البرامج المجانية؟‬
A- It has source code that can be changed.
B- It has rules that users must follow.
C- It is necessary to update it often.
D- It is similar to free software.
22. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
А- Freeware is software a user can download from the internet free of charge.
B- Once it has been downloaded, there are no fees associated with using the
software (examples include: Adobe, Skype or media players).

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C- Unlike free software, freeware is subject to copyright laws and users are
often requested to tick a box to say they understand and agree to the terms
and conditions governing the software.
D- This basically means that a user is not allowed to study or modify the
source code in any way.
23. What does Paragraph (2) say about shareware's trial period?
‫) عن الفترة التجريبية للبرنامج التجريبي؟‬2( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
A- You can change the source code.
B- You can share it with friends and family.
C- You can use all of the software's features.
D- You can use the software for a limited time.

24. Which of the following statements about shareware Paragraph (2)

support?
‫)؟‬2( ‫أي من العبارات التالية حول برنامج كومبيوتري تدعم البرقراف‬
A- Users can try it before buying it.
B- Users can share it easily with anyone.
C- Users can download it on their phones.
D- Users can create their own software.

Passage 2 (‫)الاستدامة في بنجلاديش‬

Sustainability in Bangladesh
(1) If small, largely urbanized countries such as Singapore and small island states
such as the Maldives are not considered, then Bangladesh has the highest
population density in the world. At 1,062 people per km2 its population density
is about twenty times the global average. It compares with 383 per km2 in India
and 141 per km2 in China – two countries that many people associate with over
– population. Over – population cannot be judged by population density alone,
but it is a useful starting point when considering the relationship between
population and resources in a country.
(2) The lack of natural resources is a major factor in over – population in
Bangladesh, as is rapid population growth. The current rate of natural increase
in Bangladesh is 1.6 per cent. When Bangladesh became an independent
country in 1971 its population was about 75 million, just under half of the total
today! The Population Reference Bureau estimates that the population of

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Bangladesh will rise to 183 million by 2025 and 226 million by 2050. There is
already intense competition for the available resources in Bangladesh. How will
the country cope in the future when it is already experiencing large-scale
poverty and so many other problems?
(3) Extremely high population pressure and the deprivation associated with it
is characteristic of both rural and urban areas. Four – fifths of the population
live in rural areas. The very small amount of cultivable land per person has
resulted in a very high level of rural poverty. Most families have to survive on
extremely small plots of land. This means that there is not enough work
available for many people. About 40 per cent of the population is
underemployed, working a limited number of hours a week at low wages.
Underemployment is not just confined to the countryside, but affects urban
areas too.
(4) The regular threat of cyclones and flooding makes this problem much
worse. Eighty per cent of the country is situated on the floodplains of the
Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna and those of several other minor rivers. Much
of the country is close to sea level and about 40 per cent is regularly flooded
during the monsoon season. Major floods can cause considerable loss of life
and destroy vital infrastructure, often setting back development for many years.
Where possible, people move to higher land, increasing the already
overcrowded nature of such areas. Major floods increase the level of rural -to-
urban migration, with the majority of migrants heading for the capital city
Dhaka. Other urban areas such as Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi are also
growing in population at very rapid rates. Around 8,000 hectares of cultivable
land is lost every year due to urbanization, industrialization and the expansion
of infrastructure. This is potential food production that Bangladesh can ill afford
to lose.
(5) Living conditions in Dhaka and the other main urban areas are in a
continuous state of deterioration. Many people lack basic amenities such as
electricity and clean drinking water. Dhaka has become one of the most
crowded cities in the world with a population density of 43,000 per km2. This
rapidly growing megacity was recently ranked as the least habitable city among
140 cities surveyed by the Economist Intelligence Unit. The 2012 Human
Development Index, which ranks all the countries of the world according to
their quality of life, placed Bangladesh 146th in the world.
(6) Land is being lost to rising sea levels, a process associated with global
warming. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has
predicted that as sea levels rise, by 2050 about 35 million people from
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Bangladesh will cross the border into India in search of more secure living
conditions.
(7) Poor governance and corruption have undoubtedly hindered development
in Bangladesh. However, national and international efforts to improve the lives
of the population have registered progress. For example, The World Bank
noted in 2013 that the number of people in poverty in Bangladesh had fallen
from 63 million in 2000 to 47 million in 2010.

25. What is the population density of Bangladesh? ‫ما هي الكثافة السكانية‬

‫لبنغلاديش؟‬
A- 383 per km2
B- 1,062 per km2
C- 147,000 per km2
D- 244,000 per km2
26. How much of the population lives in rural areas?
‫كم عدد السكان الذين يعيشون في المناطق الريفية؟‬
A- four – fifths
B- two – thirds
C- 40 percent
D- 1.6 percent
27. Which organization noted the number of people in poverty in
Bangladesh?
‫ما هي المنظمة التي لاحظت عدد الأشخاص الذين يعانون من الفقر في بنغلاديش؟‬
A- Human Development Index
B- Economic Intelligence Unit
C- The United Nations
D- The World Bank

Passage 3 (‫ )الاستيراد والتصدير‬Importing and Exporting

(1) The history of importing and exporting dates back to the Roman Empire,
when European and Asian traders imported and exported goods across the
vast lands of Eurasia. Trading along the Silk Road flourished during the
thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Caravans filled with imports from China
and India came over the desert to Constantinople and Alexandria. From there,
Italian ships transported the goods to European ports.
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(2) For centuries, importing and exporting has often involved middlemen, due
in part to the long distances traveled and different native languages spoken.
The spice trade of the 1400s was no exception. Spices were very much in
demand because Europeans had no refrigeration, which meant they had to
preserve meat using large amounts of salt or risk eating half-rotten flesh.
Spices disguised the otherwise poor flavor of the meat. Europeans also used
spices as medicines. The European demand for spices gave rise to the spice
trade. The trouble was that spices were difficult to obtain because they grew
in jungles half a world away from Europe. The overland journey to the spice-
rich lands was difficult and involved many middlemen along the way. Each
middleman charged a fee and thus raised the price of the spice at each point.
By the end of the journey, the price of the spice was inflated 1,000 percent.
28. Why did the writer write this passage? ‫لماذا كتب الكاتب هذه القطعه؟‬
A- to entertain
B-to persuade
C- to explain
D- to give an example
29. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
A- People used salt to preserve meat.
B- People make a lot of money in trade.
C- Europeans used spices as medicines.
D- Spices were in great demand in Europe.
Passage 4 (‫)التعبئة‬
(1) During the French Revolutionary Wars, the French army had a problem. A
big. potentially deadly problem. It was so big that on this day in 1795, they
offered 12.000 francs to anyone who could successfully solve it.
(2) That problem – how to store food safely – was one shared by most of the
rest of humanity, which probably explains why its solution has been so
popular and lasting: canning. When left out, food, as we all know, goes bad.
(3) Although food could be dried, smoked, fermented or pickled before the
invention of canning, none of these methods were certain to be safe and they

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didn't preserve flavor. Then came Nicolas Appert, a candy maker and winner
of the prize money and the title «The Father of Canning».
(4) Canning works by placing food in jars or cans and heating the whole set-
up to a temperature that kills bacteria and other microorganisms. As the jars/
cans cool, a vacuum seal is formed which prevents other microorganisms
from getting in.
(5) Here's the thing, though: Appert could never explain why his method
worked. Appert's work was centered around the idea of removing air from
food. Appert's method started with putting food in jars, which were then
corked, and sealed off with a wax seal. The jars were wrapped in canvas and
then boiled.
(6) After years of experimentation, Appert decided, correctly, that the two
most important factors in canning were «the absolute deprivation from
contact with the exterior air» and «application of the heat in the water bath».
30. How did the French army deal with its deadly food problem?
‫كيف تعامل الجيش الفرنسي مع مشكلة الغذاء المميتة؟‬
А- They began to use jars to pickle food.
B- The invented a new way to keep food safe for a long time.
C- They announced a reward to the person who could fix the problem.
D- They bought special boxes that kept their food cool all the time.
31. What does the writer think about canning? ‫ما رأي الكاتب في التعليب؟‬
A- That it has NO purpose today.
B- That it solved a problem everyone shared.
C- That it helped make Nicholas Appert a war hero.
D- That it helped France win the French Revolutionary Wars.
32. Why does the writer use the word although in Paragraph (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "بالرغم من" في البرقراف‬
A- To show an example of how food was kept safe.
B- To give more information about Nicolas Appert's work.
C- To prove that flavor was important in keeping food safe.
D- To show that these methods of keeping food safe had some issues.
33. What does the writer think about other methods of storing food before
canning?
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‫ما رأي الكاتب في الطرق الأخرى لتخزين الطعام قبل التعليب؟‬

A- He believes that they could preserve flavor.
B- He believes that they were a little dangerous.
C- He believes that they were more important than canning.
D- He believes that they helped Nicholas Appert invent canning.
34. What does the writer say about Nicolas Appert's method of canning?
‫ماذا يقول الكاتب عن طريقة تعليب نيكولاس أبيرت؟‬
A- It worked because he knew how to make candy.
B- It worked because he used an old method that he learned in the army.
C- It worked because he knew how to explain what he was doing.
D- It worked because he kept out the air and boiled the water.
35. Which word can we use to replace the word though in Paragraph (5)?
‫)؟‬5( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال كلمة "بالرغم من" في البرقراف‬
A- however
B- therefore
C- afterwards
D- in addition
36. How did canning stop food from going bad? ‫كيف منع التعليب الطعام من‬
‫أن يفسد؟‬
A- It kept food cool so that bacteria did NOT increase in number.
B- It used a special method that filled the jars with a lot of hot air.
C- It created a tight seal that stopped the taste of the food from changing.
D- It used heat on the jars to destroy the bacteria and stop anything from
coming in.

Passage 5 (‫)التمويل الشخصي والشراء والائتمان والمديونيات‬

Personal Finance
(1) An annual survey in 2017 from the National Endowment for Financial
Education (NEFE) found Americans cited the most significant financial
setbacks they experienced in 2016 as transportation issues (23 percent),
housing repairs/ maintenance (20 percent), and medical care for an injury/
illness (18 percent). If faced with a major unexpected expense, over one third
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say they would pay for it with credit cards or emergency savings – both at 35
percent – followed by cash at 32 percent.
(2) The survey also found that nearly half (48 percent) of Americans admit
that they are living paycheck to paycheck. The main reasons people believe
they are living paycheck to paycheck are due to credit card debt (24 percent).
employment struggles (22 percent). and mortgage/ rent payments (18
percent). Compounding the uneasiness, over three quarters (78 percent) say
something causes them financial stress. Saving money (53 percent) tops the
list, followed by managing debt (44 percent).
(3) «Get debt under control», says Paul Golden (a spokesman for NEFE). «Take
a hard look at what you Owe. If there's a clear warning sign of too much debt.
take action. Set a goal to reduce your debt load next year by 5 to 10 percent.
That might mean reducing impulse shopping. Six in 10 people admit they
purchase on impulse and 80 percent of those regret purchases afterwards.
When you face temptation, walk away for at least 30 minutes and see if you
still want it and it's a good idea».
37. How do most Americans deal with unexpected costs?
‫كيف يتعامل معظم الأمريكيين مع التكاليف غير المتوقعة؟‬
A- They borrow from family and friends.
B- They use credit or savings.
C- They find additional jobs.
D- They suffer from stress.
38. Why does the writer use the word also in Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "أيضا" في البرقراف‬
A- to give an example of the survey results.
B- to show a list of answers reported in the survey.
C- to give more information about the survey results.
D- to show different results from those reported before.
39. Which expression can we use to replace the expression due to in
Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هو التعبير الذي يمكننا استخدامه لاستبدال التعبير "بسبب" في البرقراف‬
A- however
B- although
C- meanwhile
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D- because of

40. How does the writer feel about unnecessary shopping?

‫كيف يشعر الكاتب حيال التسوق غير الضروري؟‬
A- He believes it CAN'T be avoided.
B- He believes it has a positive effect.
C- He believes it has a negative effect.
D- He is NOT sure if its effect is positive or negative.
41. What does the writer say about personal debts in Paragraph (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ماذا يقول الكاتب عن الديون الشخصية في البرقراف‬
A- There are different types.
B- They should be dealt with carefully.
C- They can cause various family problems.
D- They should be reduced by 30% every year.

Passage 6 (‫) رسم بياني عن معدل الجريمة‬

Global Murder Rates
Latin America's homicides are rising at a time when murder is declining
virtually everywhere else. Today, the regional murder rate stands at roughly
22 per 100,000 people. It will increase to 35 per 100,000 by 2030 if trends
continue uninterrupted. There is no other region that comes even close to
matching these rates

42. What was the homicide rate per 100,000 people in Europe in 2015?
‫؟‬2015 ‫ شخص في أوروبا في عام‬100.000 ‫ما هو معدل جرائم القتل لكل‬
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А- 2
B- 5
C- 12
D- 15
43. How many homicides per 100,000 people happened in Africa in 2005?
‫؟‬2005 ‫ شخص التي حدثت في إفريقيا عام‬100.000 ‫كم عدد جرائم القتل لكل‬
A- 7
B- 13
C- 19
D- 24
Passage 7 (‫)التحليل النفسي‬
Psychoanalysis
What are the aims and methods of psychoanalysis?
(1) Although most of today's therapists do not practice therapy as Sigmund
Freud did, his psychoanalytic techniques survive. Psychoanalysis is part of our
modern vocabulary, and its assumptions influence many other therapies.
Aims
(2) Psychoanalysis assumes that many psychological problems are fueled by
childhood's residue of supposedly repressed impulses and conflicts.
Psychoanalysts try to bring these repressed feelings into conscious awareness,
where the patient can deal?
(3) Psychoanalysis is historical reconstruction. Its goal is to unearth the past in
hope of unmasking the present. But how?
(4) When Freud discarded hypnosis as unreliable, he turned to free
association. Imagine yourself as a patient using the free association
technique. The analyst invites you to relax, perhaps by lying on a couch. He or
she will probably sit out of your line of vision, helping you focus attention on
your internal thoughts and feelings. Beginning with a childhood memory, a
dream, or a recent experience, you say aloud whatever comes to your mind
from moment to moment. It sounds easy, but soon you notice how often you
edit your thoughts as you speak, omitting material that seems trivial,
irrelevant or shameful. Even in the safe presence of the analyst, you may
pause momentarily before uttering an embarrassing thought. You may make
a joking remark or change the subject to something less threatening.
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Sometimes your mind may go blank or you may find yourself unable to
remember important details.
(5) To the psychoanalyst, these blocks in the flow of your free associations
indicate resistance. They hint that anxiety lurks and that you are repressing
sensitive material. The analyst will want to explore these sensitive areas by
making you aware of your resistances and by interpreting their underlying
meaning. The analyst's interpretations - suggestions of underlying wishes,
feelings, and conflicts – aim to provide people with insight. If offered at the
right moment, the analyst's interpretation – of. say, your not wanting to talk
about your mother – may illuminate what you are avoiding. You may then
discover what your resistances mean and how they fit with other pieces of
your psychological puzzle.
(6) Freud believed that another clue to repressed impulses is your dreams
hidden content. Thus, after inviting you to report a dream, the analyst may
offer a dream analysis, suggesting its hidden meaning.
(7) During many such sessions you will probably disclose more of yourself to
your analyst than you have ever revealed to anyone. Because psychoanalytic
theory emphasizes the formative power of childhood experiences, much of
what you reveal will pertain to your earliest memories. You will also probably
find yourself experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for your
analyst. Such feelings may express the dependency or mingled love and
anger that you earlier experienced toward family members or other important
people in your life. When this happens, Freud would say you are actually
transferring your strongest feelings from those other relationships to the
analyst. Analysts and other therapists believe that this transference exposes
long-repressed feelings, giving you a belated chance to work through them
with your analyst's help. By examining your feelings toward the analyst, you
may also gain insight into your current relationships.
(8) Note how much of psychoanalysis is built on the assumption that
repressed memories exist. That assumption is now questioned. This challenge
to an assumption that is basic to so much of professional and popular
psychology is provoking intense debate.
(9) Critics also say that psychoanalysts' interpretations are hard to refute. If, in
response to the analyst's suggested interpretation, you say, «Yes! I see now»,
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your acceptance confirms the analyst's interpretation. If you emphatically say,

«No! That doesn't ring true,» your denial may be taken to reveal more
resistance. which would also confirm the interpretation. Psychoanalysts
acknowledge that it's hard to prove or disprove their interpretations. But they
insist that interpretations often are a great help to patients.
(10) Traditional psychoanalysis is slow and expensive. It requires up to several
years of several sessions a week with a highly trained and well-paid analyst.
(Three times a week for just two years at $100 or more per hour comes to
about $30.000.) Only those with a high income can afford such treatment.
(11) Although there are relatively few traditional psychoanalysts,
psychoanalytic assumptions influence many therapists, especially those who
make psychodynamic assumptions. Psychodynamic therapists try to
understand patients' current symptoms by exploring their childhood
experiences. They probe for supposed repressed, emotion-laden information.
They seek to help people gain insight into the unconscious roots of problems
and work through newly resurrected feelings. Although influenced by Freud's
psychoanalysis, these therapists may talk to people face to face (rather than
out of the line of Vision). once a week (rather than several times Weekly), and
for only a few weeks or months (rather than several years).
44. According to psychoanalysis, what two things from childhood feed
psychological problems?
‫ ما شيئين من الطفولة يغذي المشاكل النفسية؟‬، ‫حسب التحليل النفسي‬
A- repressed impulses and internal thoughts
B- repressed impulses and conflicts
C- internal thoughts and dependency
D- dependency and conflicts
45. What two things can psychoanalysis begin with?
‫بأي شيئين يمكن أن يبدأ التحليل النفسي بهما؟‬
A- an embarrassing thought or joke
B- an embarrassing thought or dream
C- a childhood memory or joke
D- a childhood memory or dream
46. What are two characteristics of traditional psychoanalysis?
‫ما هي سمتان من سمات التحليل النفسي التقليدي؟‬
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

A- trivial and expensive

B- shameful and trivial
C- slow and expensive
D- slow and shameful

Passage 8 (‫) الوقود الحفري‬

Fossil fuels
(1) Fossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas, formed from the remains of
plants and animals which lived millions of years ago and obtained energy
originally from the Sun. At present they are our main energy source.
Predictions vary as to how long they will last since this depends on what
reserves are recoverable and on the future demands of a world population
expected to increase from about 7,000 million in 2011 to at least 7,600 million
by the year 2050. Some estimates say oil and gas will run low early in the
present century but coal should last for 200 years or so.
(2) Burning fossil fuels in power stations and in cars pollutes the atmosphere
with harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Carbon dioxide
emission aggravates the greenhouse effect and increases global warming. It is
not immediately feasible to prevent large amounts of carbon dioxide entering
the atmosphere, but less is produced by burning natural gas than by burning
oil or coal; burning coal produces most carbon dioxide for each unit of
energy produced.
(3) When coal and oil are but they also produce sulfur dioxide which causes
acid rain. The sulfur dioxide can be extracted from the waste gases so it does
not enter the atmosphere or the sulfur can be removed from the fuel before
combustion, but these are both costly and risky processes which increase the
price of electricity produced using these measures.
47. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
A- The fossil fuels we rely on are destroying the planet.
B- The negative effects of fossil fuels can easily be fixed.
C- Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning oil.
D - Coal and oil will continue to be more important than natural gas.

185
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48. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about fossil fuels in
Paragraph (1)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب حول الوقود الأحفوري‬
‫)؟‬1( ‫في الفقرة‬
A- The Sun helped to produce them.
B- They are our most important form of energy.
C- Some of them will decrease faster than others.
D- They were formed from plants and animals millions of years ago.
49. Why does the writer mention the example of the increasing world
population in the future? ‫لماذا يذكر الكاتب مثال زيادة عدد سكان العالم في‬
‫المستقبل؟‬
A- to show why our main energy sources will last forever
B- to show that electricity will become more expensive for people
C- to show that oil and gas will be more important in the future
D- to show how it will affect the amount of fossil fuels we use
50. What important ideas does the writer mention about sulfur dioxide in
Paragraph(3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ما هي الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب عن ثاني أكسيد الكبريت في البرقراف‬
A- It is produced by burning natural gas.
B- It is produced when cars pollute the atmosphere.
C- It is dangerous and expensive to remove from fuel.
D- It can aggravate the greenhouse effect and increase global warming

Passage 9 (‫) أهمية الهندسة المعمارية‬

Importance of architecture
Could you build an information system without an architecture? Yes, it is
possible to build small. isolated information systems without a formal
architecture, just as it is possible to build a log cabin without one. But as soon
as you want to build a building which is larger or has multiple components –
an energy efficient home, an apartment complex, an office high – rise – you
need an architecture to show where the electric wiring, the plumbing, heating
and air conditioning, the stairs and the elevators should go and how they
should work together. The main role of a system architecture is to help
manage the complexity and size of modern business information systems.
The architecture embodies important design decisions that have already been
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made This is a constraint on the team which is not free to make decisions that
run counter to the architecture, but it also means that there is some kind of
support within the organization – including knowledgeable people,
development guidelines. reusable code, and implementation experience with
the architecture – making the team's job easier.
51. The word multiple in the passage is closest in meaning to …….
......... ‫كلمة "متعدد" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A- few
B- enough
C- some
D- many
52. The word constraint in the passage is closest in meaning to …….
.......‫كلمة "قيد" في القطعه هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬
A- limit
B- opinion
C- attempt
D- doubt
53. The word guidelines in the passage is closest in meaning to …….
......... ‫كلمة "قواعد إرشادية" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
A- entertainment
B- imagination
C- instructions
D- complaints.

Passage 10 (‫)التسعير العالمي‬

International Pricing
(1) Companies that market their products internationally must decide what
prices to charge in the different countries in which they operate. In some
cases, a company can set a uniform worldwide price. For example, Boeing
sells its jetliners at about the same price everywhere, whether in the United
States, Europe or a third – world country. However, most counties adjust their
prices to reflect local market conditions and cost considerations.

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(2) The price that a company should charge in a specific country depends on
many factors, including economic conditions, competitive situations, laws and
regulations, and development of the wholesaling and retailing system.
Consumer perception and preferences also may vary from country to country,
calling for different prices. Or the company may have different marketing
objectives in various world markets, which require changes in pricing strategy.
For example, Samsung might introduce a new product into mature markets in
highly developed countries with the goal of quickly gaining a large share of
the market – this would call for a penetration – pricing strategy where the
product is offered at a very low price. In contrast, it might enter a less –
developed market by using market – skimming pricing where the price is set
very high initially.
(3) Costs play an important role in setting international prices. Travelers
abroad are often surprised to find that goods that are relatively inexpensive at
home may carry outrageously higher price tags in other countries. A pair of
Levi's selling for $30 in the United States might go for $63 in Tokyo or $88 in
Paris. A McDonald's Big Mac selling for a modest $3.50 here in Saudi Arabia
might cost $7.50 in Berlin, Germany. Conversely, a Gucci handbag going for
only $140 in Milan, Italy. might fetch $240 in the United States. In some cases,
such price escalations may result from different selling strategies or market
conditions. In some instances, however, it is simply the result of the higher
cost of selling in another country – the additional cost of product
modifications, shipping and insurance, import taxes. exchange-rate
fluctuations, and physical distribution.
54. What word other than «inexpensive» the writer uses to talk about prices
at home?
‫ما هي الكلمة التي يستخدمها الكاتب للحديث عن الأسعار في المنزل بخلاف كلمة "غير‬
‫مكلفة"؟‬
A- various
B- modest
C- additional
D- competitive

188
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55. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي مما يلي يعتبر حقيقة؟‬
A- Levi's are outrageously expensive in Paris.
B- $3.50 is a modest price for a Big Mac.
C- It costs more to sell internationally.
D- Prices are set very high initially.
56. What can we understand from Paragraph (1) about Boeing jetliners?
‫) عن طائرات بوينج النفاثة؟‬1( ‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم من البرقراف‬
A- Their prices are the highest worldwide.
B- Their prices depend on cost considerations.
C- Their prices are independent of local market conditions.
D- Their prices are relatively inexpensive where they are made.

Passage 11 (‫)الصحة في الدول الغنية والفقيرة‬

The Health Divide
Passage A: Health in High – Income Nations
(1) Obesity, which is on the rise in high-income nations, has been linked to
many diseases, including cardiovascular problems. musculoskeletal problems,
diabetes, and respiratory issues. According to the International Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development (2011). Obesity rates are rising in
all countries. With the greatest gains being made in the highest-income
countries. The United States has the highest obesity rate. Wallace Huffman
and his fellow researchers (2006) contend that several factors are contributing
to the rise in obesity in developed countries.
(2) These include:
• Improvements in technology and reduced family size have led to a
reduction of work to be done in household production.
• Unhealthy market goods, including processed foods, sweetened drinks, and
sweet and salty snacks are replacing home – produced goods.
• Leisure activities are growing more sedentary, for example, computer
games, web surfing, and television viewing.
• More workers are shifting from active work (agriculture and manufacturing)
to service industries.
• Increased access to passive transportation has led to more driving and less
walking.
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• Obesity and weight issues have significant societal costs, including lower life
expectancies and higher shared healthcare costs.
(3) High – income countries also have higher rates of depression than less
affluent nations. A recent study shows that the average lifetime prevalence of
major depressive episodes in the 10 highest – income countries in the study
was 14.6 percent; this compared to 11.1 percent in the eight low – and middle
– income countries. The researchers speculate that the higher rate of
depression may be linked to the greater income inequality that exists in the
highest – income nations.

Passage B: Health in Low – Income Nations

(1) In peripheral nations with low per capita income, it is not the cost of health
care that is the most pressing concern. Rather, low – income countries must
manage such problems as infectious disease, high infant mortality rates,
scarce medical personnel, and inadequate water and sewer systems. Such
issues, which high – income countries rarely even think about, are central to
the lives of most people in low – income nations. Due to such health
concerns, low – income nations have higher rates of infant mortality and
lower average life spans.
One of the biggest contributors to medical issues in low – income countries is
the lack of access to clean water and basic sanitation resources. According to
a 2011 UNICEF repot almost half of the developing world's population lacks
improved sanitation facilities. The World Health Organization (WHO) tracks
health – related data for 193 countries. In their 2011 World Health Statistics
report, they document some of this data.
his includes:
• Globally, the rate of mortality for children under five was 60 per 1.000 live
births. In low – income countries, however, that rate is almost double at 117
per 1,000 live births. In high – income countries, that rate is significantly lower
than seven per 1,000 live births.
• The most frequent causes of death for children under five were pneumonia
and diarrheal diseases. accounting for 18 percent and 15 percent, respectively.
These deaths could be easily avoidable with cleaner water and more coverage
of available medical care.
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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

• The availability of doctors and nurses in low – income countries is one-tenth

that of nations with a high income. Challenges in access to medical education
and access to patients exacerbate this issue for would-be medical
professionals in low – income countries.
57. What do the passages say about high – income and low – income
nations?
‫ماذا تقول المقاطع عن الدول ذات الدخل المرتفع والدول ذات الدخل المنخفض؟‬
A- They have different health concerns.
B- They suffer from high obesity rates.
C- They have similar rates of depression.
D- They have high rates of childhood mortality.
58. According to the passages, which organizations monitor health issues in
all countries?
‫ ما هي المنظمات التي تراقب القضايا الصحية في جميع البلدان؟‬،‫حسب القطع‬
A- government organizations.
B- private organizations.
C- local organizations.
D- international organizations.
59. Which subject do both passages discuss? ‫أي موضوع يناقش كلا القطعتين؟‬
A- obesity
B- depression
C- life expectancy
D- infant mortality
60. According to the passages, what are the biggest problems in healthcare in
low-income and high – income countries respectively?
‫ ما هي أكبر المشاكل في مجال الرعاية الصحية في البلدان المنخفضة‬،‫حسب القطع‬
‫الدخل والبلدان المرتفعة الدخل على التوالي؟‬
A- limited availability and high cost
B- poor sanitation and sedentary lifestyles
C- limited access to medical education and lack of insurance
D- lack of medical professionals and rising income inequality

191
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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Model 20
Passage 1
Giant Panda
1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The
Chinese government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant
pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs
they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-
old female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were
born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet,
and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei
Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research
Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her
new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since
her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's
degree or higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.
21. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese? ‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم مي‬،)2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫لان اللغة الصينية؟‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C)so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
22. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أين كانت مي لان تعيش؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
(B) in an American research center
(C) in Atlanta, Georgia
(D) in Sichuan China
Passage 2
Stars
1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many
different colors. Some are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is also

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shown when we take color photographs of the night sky. You can take such a
photograph with an ordinary camera as long as it is kept steady. A thirty second
exposure is sufficient.
2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have
found that blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there
are a few stars which cannot be classified in this way. These are the superstars.
For example, Ryiejol is a blue superstar as big as 40.000 suns and Beetlejuice is a
superstar with a size equal to 17.000 suns.
3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If
neither of them is a superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star is
closer. Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure the
brightness of a star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star's distance
from the earth if astronomers know the color, brightness and whether or not it is
a superstar.
23. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
‫أي من الألوان التالية لم يرد ذكره في القطعه؟‬
(A) green
(B) yellow
(C) blue
(D) red
24. According to Paragraph (2) Beetlejuice is a superstar ……………………
.........‫ يعتبر نجم منكب الجوزاء من النجوم‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) as big as the sun
(B) smaller than the sun
(C) as big as 17,000 suns
(D) as big as 40.000 suns
25. According to Paragraph (2), astronomers classify stars according
to the following EXCEPT ………
........ ‫) بإستثناء‬2( ‫يصنف علماء الفلك النجوم وف ًقا للفقرة‬
(A) size
(B) color
193
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C) shape
(D) brightness

Passage 3
Stress
1) We all feel stressed from time to time - it's all part of the emotional ups and
downs of life. Stress has many sources. It can come from our environment, from
our bodies, or our own thoughts and how we view the world around us. It is very
natural to feel stressed around moments of pressure such as exam time - but we
are physiologically designed to deal with stress, and react to it.
2) When we feel under pressure the nervous system instructs our bodies to release
stress hormones including adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. These produce
physiological changes to help us cope with the threat or danger we see to be
upon us. This is called the “stress response” or the "fight-or-flight" response.
3) Stress can actually be positive, as the stress response helps us stay alert,
motivated and focused on the task at hand. Usually, when the pressure subsides,
the body rebalances and we start to feel calm again. But when we experience
stress too often or for too long, or when the negative feelings overwhelm our
ability to cope, then problems will arise. Continuous activation of the nervous
system - experiencing the “stress response - causes wear and tear on the body.
4) When we are stressed, the respiratory system is immediately affected. We tend
to breathe harder and more quickly in an effort to quickly distribute oxygenic
blood around our body. Although this is not an issue for most of us, it could be
a problem for people with asthma who may feel short of breath and struggle to
take in enough oxygen. It can also cause quick and shallow breathing, where
minimal air is taken in, which can lead to hyperventilation. This is more likely if
someone is prone to anxiety and panic attacks.
5) Stress wreaks havoc on our immune systems. Cortisol released in our bodies
suppresses the immune system and inflammatory pathways, and we become

194
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more susceptible to infections and chronic inflammatory conditions. Our ability

to fight off illness is reduced.
6) The musculoskeletal system is also affected. Our muscles tense up, which is the
body's natural way of protecting ourselves from injury and pain. Repeated
muscle tension can cause bodily aches and pains, and when it occurs in the
shoulders, neck and head it may result in tension headaches and migraines.
7) There are cardiovascular effects. When stress is acute (in the moment), heart rate
and blood pressure increase, but they return to normal once the acute stress has
passed. If acute stress is repeatedly experienced, or if stress becomes chronic
(over a long period of time, it can cause damage to blood vessels and arteries.
This increases the risk for hypertension, heart attack or stroke.
8) Stress has marked effects on our emotional well-being. It is normal to experience
high and low moods in our daily lives, but when we are stressed, we may feel
more tired, have mood swings or feel more irritable than usual. Stress causes
hyperarousal, which means we may have difficulty falling or staying asleep and
experience restless nights. This impairs concentration, attention, learning and
memory, all of which are particularly important around exam time. Researchers
have linked poor sleep to chronic health problems, depression and even obesity.
9) The way that we cope with stress has an additional indirect effect on our health.
Under pressure, people may adopt more harmful habits such as smoking to
relieve stress. But these behaviors are inappropriate ways to adapt and only lead
to more health problems and risks to our personal safety and well-being.
10) So learn to manage your stress, before it manages you It's all about keeping it in
check. Some stress in life is normal - and a little stress can help us to feel alert,
motivated, focused, energetic and even excited. Take positive actions to channel
this energy effectively and you may find yourself performing better, achieving
more and feeling good.
26. Where can stress come from? ‫من أين يمكن أن يأتي التوتر؟‬
(A) time
(B) emotions
(C) our thoughts
(D) the stress response
27. What positive effects can stress have? ‫ما هي الآثار الإيجابية للتوتر؟‬
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(A) feeling calm

(B)staying alert
(C) better hearing
(D) quick breathing
28. What can cause bodily aches and pains? ‫ما الذي يمكن أن يسبب آلام جسدية؟‬
(A) sport
(B) cortisol
(C) muscle tension
(D) the immune system
29. According to the passage, what harmful habits may people adopt under
pressure?
‫ ما هي العادات الضارة التي قد يتبناها الناس تحت الضغط؟‬، ‫بحسب المقطع‬
(A) sleeping poorly
(B) gaining weight
(C) fighting
(D) smoking

Passage 4
(Market orientated)
1. A market-orientated company is one that organizes its activities, products and services
around the wants and needs of its customers. By contrast, a product-oriented firm has
its primary focus on its product and on the skills, knowledge and systems that support
that product.
2. Until the late 20th century many firms were product-orientated and failed to
understand the changing needs of their customers in an increasingly competitive
marketplace. A major swing towards market-orientation has led to intensified market
research and product ranges carefully designed to fit customer preferences.
3. However, product-orientation can still be important in keeping an emphasis on quality,
safety and investment in new technology.

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4. Successful companies recognize the importance of both approaches. Products must

start with the needs and wants of customers. But delivery of a profitable product
depends on efficiency and quality in production.
5. In the real world, market and product orientation are closely intertwined so that
companies like Gillette, Coca-Cola and Travis Perkins, will:
- carry out market research into what consumers want
- organize product research in line with the results of market research
- constantly engage in qualitative market research to find out what focus
groups of customers think of new ideas
- test market new products in smaller market areas before launching them
onto a wider market
- evaluate ongoing customer perception of goods and services, in order to
make improvements to technologies and product offerings Market
orientation gets the right product: product orientation gets the product right.
30. What important idea connected to product-oriented firms does the writer
mention in Paragraph (1)? ‫ما هي الفكرة المهمة المرتبطة بالشركات الموجهة‬
‫)؟‬1( ‫للمنتجات التي يذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬
(A) Their customers want and need their products.
(B) They help customers based on what they want and need.
(C) They pay more attention to what they make and services that help it.
(D) They need skills, knowledge, and systems in order to make products.
31. What important idea connected to 20th-century firms does the writer
mention in Paragraph (2)? ‫ما هي الفكرة المهمة المرتبطة بشركات القرن العشرين‬
‫)؟‬2( ‫التي ذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬
(A) They did not understand what their customers looked for.
(B) They tested new products in small areas first.
(C) They made products with high quality using new technology.
(D) They understood the importance of both market and product-oriented
approaches.
32. What ideas connected to successful companies does the writer mention?
‫ما هي الأفكار المرتبطة بالشركات الناجحة التي يذكرها الكاتب؟‬
(A) They use advanced technology to ensure quality.

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(B) They focus on making a quality product at a good price.

(C) They meet their customers' needs and also make a quality product.
(D) They focus on the skills, knowledge, and systems that support their
product.
33. What does the writer want to show with the examples of Gillette, Coca-
Cola, and Travis Perkins? ‫ماذا يريد الكاتب أن يظهر بأمثلة جيليت وكوكا كولا‬
‫وترافيس بيركنز؟‬
(A) That they pay careful attention to the quality of their products.
(B) That market and product orientation are clearly connected
(C) That they get the right product for their customers.
(D) That they get the products right.

Passage 5 Intellectual Property

1. A type of property of great importance in today's commercial environment is
intellectual property. Intellectual property consists of the result of one's thoughts,
ideas, or inventions. It is not the thought or idea itself, but the result, such as a book or
a computer chip. Intellectual property law deals with obtaining protection for one's
work, licensing others to use one's work, and enforcing one's rights.
2. Obtaining protection for intellectual property often includes registration with the
proper government agency. Licensing one's work involves negotiating and drafting
contracts. Enforcing one's rights often means filing a lawsuit known as an infringement
action.
3. Intellectual property law includes the law that relates to copyrights, patents,
trademarks, and trade secrets. This area of law has grown and developed in the
technology age. However, the need for such a law was recognized by the drafters of
the Constitution, who gave Congress the right to legislate "To promote the progress of
science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the
exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.”
34. According to the passage, what made intellectual property law grow and
develop?
‫ ما الذي جعل قانون الملكية الفكرية ينمو ويتطور؟‬،‫حسب القطعه‬

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(A) a request by authors and scientists

(B) the common use of modern technology
(C) the need to limit people's right to their own work
(D) an effort to make science and arts more professional
35. The word intellectual in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………………….
......... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "فكري" في البرقراف‬
(A) thinking
(B) working
(C) sharing
(D) borrowing
36. The word obtaining in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………………..
........ ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "الحصول" في البرقراف‬
(A) spending
(B) thinking
(C) writing
(D) getting
37. The word promote in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………………
....... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3( ‫كلمة "تعزيز" في البرقراف‬
(A) help
(B) find
(C) need

199
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‫‪Passage 6‬‬

‫‪Figure 3-24: After Tax Income Shares‬‬

‫ما هي نسبة الإنفاق ?‪38. What percentage of spending was on food in 1929‬‬
‫على الطعام عام ‪1929‬؟‬
‫‪(A) 10%‬‬
‫‪(B) 15%‬‬
‫‪(C) 24%‬‬
‫‪(D) 27%‬‬
‫?‪39. In which year was the percentage of spending on transportation highest‬‬
‫في أي سنة كانت نسبة الإنفاق على النقل هي الأعلى؟‬
‫‪(A) 1929‬‬
‫‪(B) 1965‬‬
‫‪(C) 2001‬‬
‫‪(D) 2011‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
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Passage 7
The Paralegal Profession
(1) Most paralegals work under the supervision of attorneys either in private
law offices, government law offices (such as prosecutors' offices), or in the
legal departments of corporations or other businesses. They cannot appear in
court or give legal advice. However, under the supervision of an attorney,
they can perform many tasks often done by lawyers, such as interviewing
clients, drafting legal documents, and doing legal research. For example, a
paralegal who works in a firm that handles automobile accident cases might
interview clients and witnesses, draft documents to be filed in court, or
summarize medical records. On the other hand, a paralegal who works for a
probate attorney might be involved in gathering and organizing financial data
or preparing inheritance tax returns. The day-today tasks that paralegals
perform are as varied as the types of law that are practiced.
(2) However, certain knowledge and skills are commonly required of all
paralegals. Paralegals need to have a basic knowledge of the legal system,
substantive laws and legal procedures. The chapters in this book cover these
areas. Legal assistants should also have some knowledge of the substantive
and procedural laws of the state in which they work. This is the focus of most
formal paralegal education. In addition, every paralegal should know and
understand the ethical obligations that bind legal professionals. Paralegals
must also possess certain basic skills. These include the following:
Oral and written communication skills
(3) Paralegals frequently communicate orally and in writing with the courts,
attorneys, other paralegals, and clients. Paralegals commonly interview clients
and witnesses, and then summarize in writing the content of such interviews.
Additionally, paralegals draft all types of legal documents.
Research skills
(4) Some paralegals do extensive legal research and writing for attorneys,
whereas others do very little. However, all paralegals must have basic legal
research skills. Furthermore, all paralegals should have general research skills.
For example, as a paralegal you might be asked to locate the address of a
distant court; in a medical malpractice case, you might be asked to research
certain medical conditions.
201
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Critical thinking/analytical skills

(5) Critical thinking skills are essential for anyone working as a legal assistant
and are required for most if not all of the legal work done by paralegals. For
example, the ability to analyze and synthesize facts is required for legal
research and preparing legal documents. It is also needed for reviewing legal
documents and reviewing and evaluating evidence.
Organizational Skills
(6) Case files in a legal office often contain numerous documents. In major
lawsuits the number of documents may be in the thousands. Paralegals may
be responsible for indexing and organizing all of them. If a case is in litigation,
many time deadlines are also critical. Papers may have to be filed in court or
served on other parties to the lawsuit, or court appearances by the attorney
might be set. Someone must keep track of everything; often that someone is
a paralegal.
General office/computer skills
(7) A paralegal in a law office is expected to possess general office skills.
Today that means computer literacy. Word processing skills are a must and
ability to use the Internet effectively and efficiently is also essential. In
addition, knowledge about general filing and billing procedures, proper
telephone etiquette, and general business communication skills is essential.
Regulation of Paralegals
(8) Unlike attorneys. Paralegals are not generally licensed by any government
agency. In fact, in most states anyone can be called a paralegal, although
some states do have regulations. Aside from governmental regulation, the
paralegal profession itself has adopted forms of self-regulation. Two major
professional organizations established professional standards and voluntary
certification for paralegals: the National Association of Legal Assistants
(NALA) and the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA). NALA
administers a national examination that tests paralegal competency.
Paralegals who pass the examinations are referred to as Certified Legal
Assistants (CLAS). CLAs are required to take several hours of continuing
education regularly to maintain their status. NALA further administers certain
specialty examinations to paralegals who have passed the basic CLA

202
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examination. NFPA also administers a competency examination known as

PACE (Paralegal Advanced Competency Exam).
(9) Both NALA and NFPA seek to enhance the paralegal profession by
adopting codes of ethical standards for paralegals. Neither organization,
however, has authority to punish or discipline anyone who violates these
standards.
(10) Although the paralegal profession has been largely unregulated, changes
are beginning. For example, California enacted legislation limiting the use of
the term paralegal to those who work for attorneys and who have paralegal
education or experience. Continuing legal education is also required.
Paralegal Education
(11) The traditional definition of a paralegal refers to the fact that paralegals
have special training and education. In the early days of the paralegal
profession, in the 1960s and 1970s, few formal paralegal programs existed.
Instead, many law firms hired intelligent, educated individuals and trained
them to be paralegals. As the paralegal profession grew and developed,
formal paralegal education became a prerequisite for many if not most
paralegal jobs. Formal paralegal programs are offered by numerous
educational institutions, both public and private, and vary in length and depth
of material covered. To provide some standard, in the 1970s the American Bar
Association (ABA)established guidelines for paralegal education and
undertook to approve programs that met those guidelines and requested
approval. The requirements for approval relate to curriculum, faculty, and
support services of the educational institution.
40. What two things are paralegals unable to do?
‫أي شيئين لا يستطيع المساعدون القانونيون القيام بهما؟‬
(A) do legal research and prepare tax returns
(B) interview clients and draft documents
(C) appear in court and give legal advice
(D) gather and organize financial data
41. Which two organizations established voluntary certification?
‫أي منظمتين أنشأت شهادة طوعية؟‬
(A) NALA and NFPA
(B) NALA and CLA
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(C) NFPA and CLA

(D) CLA and PACE
Passage 8
Composition of Compounds
(1) A chemical formula, in combination with the molar masses of its main
elements, indicates the relative quantities of each element in a compound,
which is extremely useful information. For example, about 30 years ago,
scientists began to suspect that synthetic compounds known as
chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs) were destroying the ozone in Earth's upper
atmosphere.
(2) Upper atmospheric ozone is important because it shields life on Earth
from the sun's harmful ultraviolet light. CFCs are chemically inert compounds
that were used primarily as refrigerants and industrial solvents. Over time,
however, CFCs began to accumulate in the atmosphere. In the upper
atmosphere, sunlight break bonds within CFCs, resulting in the release of
chlorine atoms. The chlorine atoms then react with ozone. converting it into
02. Therefore, the harmful part of CFCs is the chlorine atoms that they carry.
42. The word shields in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to …………………
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "دروع" في البرقراف‬
(A) cleans
(B) carries
(C) protects
(D) improves
43. The word accumulate in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………….
.........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "تتراكم" في البرقراف‬
(A) collect
(B) change
(C) arrive
(D) disappear
44. The word bonds in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………………….
........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "روابط" في البرقراف‬
(A) options
(B) steps

204
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(C) rules
(D) connections
Passage 9
(Economist)
(1) One of the most important tasks of the professional economist, whether in
government or private sector employment, is to be able to forecast future
economic phenomena. Many economic variables are heavily dependent upon
the state of the economy. For example, forecasts of economic growth are
widely used by economists for all sorts of reasons related to economic policy
and business well-being. The longer the time period the forecast covers, the
greater the uncertainty involved. When the Bank of England, for instance,
makes forecasts of inflation it produces fan charts to reflect this greater
uncertainty.
Types of forecasts
(2) Economists use various types of forecasting methods.
The three main types are:
- statistical forecasts based on simple or sophisticated future extrapolation
techniques
- using models to produce a range of forecasts - this is particularly true of
models of the economy involving complex interrelationships
- forecasts based on intuition, experience or even guesswork, i.e., not
involving statistical methods.
45. The word intuition in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………………
.........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "حدس" في البرقراف‬
(A) interview
(B) feeling
(C) logic
(D) survey
46. The word phenomena in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………
........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "ظواهر" في البرقراف‬
(A) problems
(B) benefits
(C) plans
(D) events
205
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47. The word sophisticated in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to

……………….
........ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "معقد" في البرقراف‬
(A) special
(B) classical
(C) complicated
(D) mathematical
Passage 10
(1) Take a moment and imagine you are traveling in a country you have never
been to before. Everything about the sights, the smells, the sounds seem
strange. People are speaking a language you do not understand and wearing
clothes unlike yours. But they greet you with a smile and you sense that,
despite the differences you observe, deep down inside these people have the
same feelings as you. But is this true? Do people from opposite ends of the
world really feel the same emotions? While most scholars agree that
members of different cultures may vary in the foods they eat, the languages
they speak, and the holidays they celebrate, there is disagreement about how
much culture shapes people's emotions and feelings including what people
feel, what they express, and what they do during an emotional event.
(2) Social scientists tend to fall into either one of two camps. The Universalist
camp claims that, despite cultural differences in customs and traditions, at a
fundamental level all humans feel similarly. These universalists believed that
emotions developed as a response to the environments of our ancestors, so
they are the same across all cultures. Indeed, people often describe their
emotions as "automatic," "natural," "physiological," and "instinctual,"
supporting the view that emotions are hard-wired and universal.
(3) The social constructivist camp, however, claimed that despite a common
heritage, different groups of humans developed to adapt to their different
environments. And because human environments are so different, people's
emotions are also different in different cultures. For instance, Lutz (1988)
argued that many Western views of emotion assume that emotions are about
206
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the individual and how she or he feels. However, people from Ifaluk (a small
island in the Pacific Ocean) view emotions as "exchanges between
individuals". Social constructivists claim that because people are completely
immersed in their own culture, they are often unaware of how their feelings
are shaped by it. Therefore, emotions can feel automatic, natural,
physiological, and instinctual, and yet still be shaped by culture.
48. What idea does the expression "opposite ends of the world" in Paragraph
(1) repeat?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما الفكرة التي تكررها عبارة "طرفي نقيض العالم" في البرقراف‬
(A) disagreement
(B) strange things
(C) different cultures
(D) countries not visited before
49. Which of the following does the writer say are facts? ‫أي مما يلي يقول‬
‫الكاتب إنها حقائق؟‬
(A) People eat different foods and speak different languages.
(B) People express their feelings and celebrate holidays differently.
(C) People eat different foods and express their feelings differently.
(D) People speak different languages and experience emotions differently.
50. How is the Universalists' view of emotions different from the social
constructivists' view? ‫كيف تختلف نظرة الكونيين للعواطف عن وجهة نظر البنائية‬
‫الاجتماعية؟‬
(A) Universalists believe emotions are different between cultures.
(B) Universalists believe emotions are common between cultures.
(C) Universalists believe emotions are shared between siblings.
(D) Universalists believe emotions are different according to age.
51. How is the social constructivists' view of automatic feelings different from
that of universalists? ‫كيف تختلف نظرة البنائية الاجتماعية للمشاعر التلقائية عن‬
‫نظرة الكونيين؟‬
(A) Constructivists believe women and men experience feelings differently.
(B) Constructivists believe we are born with automatic feelings.
(C) Constructivists believe feelings cannot be easily measured.
(D) Constructivists believe we are not aware of how feelings are formed.
207
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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52. What can we understand about Lutz's view of emotions from Paragraph
(3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم عن وجهة نظر لوتز للعواطف من البرقراف‬
(A) Lutz believes emotions are shaped by cultures.
(B) Lutz believes emotions are similar across cultures.
(C) Lutz believes emotions are related to mental illnesses.
(D) Lutz believes emotions are connected to economic status.
53. What can we understand about the social constructivists' view of
emotions from Paragraph (3)? ‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم حول وجهة نظر البنائية‬
‫)؟‬3( ‫الاجتماعية للعواطف من البرقراف‬
(A) They disagree about cultural differences.
(B) They have observed strange cultural expressions.
(C) They found differences between cultures.
(D) They saw countries that people had not visited before to be very
important.
Passage 11 Passage A
(1) Humans have used petroleum (or oil) for thousands of years in medicine
and weapons of war. However, the use of this material did not truly surge
until the Industrial Revolution where oil became valuable as both a fuel for
illumination and a lubricant before it became a replacement for wood, coal,
animal power, and other sources of energy. Liquid petroleum had some
significant advantages over other energy sources of the times: it was
concentrated, and it could be transported easily from one place to another.
(2) As oil use boomed, its refined products (such as gasoline and diesel) came
to be used to fuel automobiles, ships, and other vehicles, and a worldwide
system of wells, ships, storage terminals, and pipelines grew. As a result of old
and damaged equipment, human error, and bad luck, extracting oil from the
ground and moving it to refineries and beyond occasionally releases oil into
the environment. The largest spills have released tens of millions of gallons of
oil and have resulted in fouled coastlines, polluted fisheries, dead and injured
wildlife, and lost tourism revenue. The top nine most destructive oil spills are
listed below.

208
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage B
(1) The Amoco Cadiz, a very large crude carrier (VLCC) stocked with nearly 69
million gallons of light crude oil, ran aground on shallow rocks off the coast
of Brittany, France, on the morning of March 16, 1978. The ship was navigating
the rough seas of the English Channel when its rudder and hydraulic system
were damaged by a large wave. Rescue tugs attempted to secure towlines to
Cadiz, but sea conditions made the operation difficult. The first of the
towlines broke only a few hours after being secured. By the time a second line
could be attached, the Cadiz had been driven by winds and waves toward the
Brittany coast, where the stem and midsection clipped shallow underwater
rocks. The impact slashed holes in the hull and container tanks and released
the oil. About 200 miles (321 km) of French coast was polluted by the oil slick,
which killed millions of invertebrates, such as mollusks and crustaceans, and
an estimated 20.000 birds, and contaminated oyster beds in the region. In
1990 Amoco Corporation, the owners of the Cadiz agreed to pay $120 million
to French claimants, along with an additional $35 million to Royal Dutch Shell,
which had owned the lost oil.
54. What do Passages A and B say about liquid petroleum?
‫ماذا تقول القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن البترول السائل؟‬
(A) It was released in accidents in Europe and Africa.
(B) It replaced coal, wood and wind energy.
(C) It can be transported across countries.
(D) It can be used as a fuel.
55. According to Passages A and B how can oil be released into the
environment?
‫ كيف يمكن إطلاق الزيت في البيئة؟‬،“ ‫وف ًقا للقطعتين "أ "و "ب‬
(A) through large ships and planes
(B) through increased tourism
(C) through weapons and factories
(D) through damaged equipment and systems
56. According to Passages A and B what have oil releases led to?
‫ما هي أسباب تسرب النفط حسب القطعتين "أ" و "ب"؟‬
(A) polluted coasts

209
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(B) decreased tourism revenue

(C) payment of millions of dollars
(D) polluted fisheries and vegetables
57. According to Passages A and B, how can oil be transported?
‫كيف يمكن نقل النفط حسب القطعتين "أ" و "ب"؟‬
(A) by automobiles
(B) by ships
(C) by carriers and trains
(D) by pipelines and planes
Passage 12
Floor Damage
1. The damage you described in your letter dated Jury has now been inspected.
2. The faults in the wiring appear to have been caused by dripping water from the floor
above. The electrical contractor, who installed the wiring in February, tells me that the
wall was dry at the time he replaced the old wires. However, we will arrange for repairs
to be made and seal off that section.
3. Dura floor is one of the most hardwearing materials of its kind on the market and we
were surprised to hear that it had worn away within six months, so we made a closer
inspection. We noticed that the floor had been cut into and this seems to have been
the result of dragging heavy metal boxes across it. The one-year guarantee we offer
on our workmanship is against "normal wear and tear", and the treatment the floor
appears to have been subjected to does not fall into this category. I am quite willing to
arrange for the surface to be replaced, but we will have to charge you for the materials
and work involved. If I may, I would like to suggest that you instruct your staff to use
trolleys when shifting heavy containers.
4. I am sorry about the inconvenience you have experienced and will tell the fitters to
repair the damage as soon as I have your confirmation that they can begin work.
58. According to Paragraph (2), the problems with wiring were caused by
………..
..........‫ كانت المشاكل المتعلقة بالأسلاك ناتجة عن‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) the electrical contractor
(B) the new wires
(C) the old wires
(D) leaking water
210
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

59. According to Paragraph (4), the replacement of the damaged floor

surface …….
.............‫) استبدال سطح الارض التالف‬4( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
(A) is going to begin when the customer notifies the contractor
(B) is going to begin when the workmen are available
(C) has already finished
(D) has already begun
60. The word inconvenience in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ……………
........ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬4( ‫كلمة "إزعاج" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) time pressure
(B) coincidence
(C) bad luck
(D) trouble

211
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Model 21
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on
us!" Mike's arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He
didn't even stop to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept
coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked
shoulder to shoulder with the other smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only
thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful
enough, it would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to
make. Then they would have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his
face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too exhausted to move
because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head and
noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear.
A man was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was
brave only when he forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he
cared very much about the others with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because
………….
..........‫جدا بحيث لا يستطيع التحرك بسبب‬ ً ‫ كان مايك مره ًقا‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) He had sweat all over him.
(B) He was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) He had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves
…………
...............‫ علم بن مايك أن الشجاعة تعني‬،)3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) working with proper tools
(B) avoiding fire hazards
(C) losing one's courage
(D) caring for others
212
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………

..........‫) إلى‬3( ‫يشير الضمير في البرقراف‬
(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man
Passage 2
Giant Panda
1. An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to
China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
2. Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan
Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in
Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment.
Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is
unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be
fluent in both English and Chinese.
24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese? ‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم مي‬،)2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫لان اللغة الصينية؟‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C) so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أين كانت مي لان تعيش؟‬،)2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) in Sichuan, China
(B) in Atlanta, Georgia
(C) in an American research center
213
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center

Passage 3
Copyright History
(1) Our written, recorded, and broadcast world is surrounded by warnings
about copyright. If you look in the opening pages of most books, you will find
a warning like this:
"All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any
means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording,
taping, or by any information storage retrieval system without the written
permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied
in critical articles and reviews".
(2) Even more familiar is the FBI warning at the start of most DVDs viewed by
Americans today:
"All rights reserved. These DVDs are authorized for sale or rent only in the
country where originally sold (i. e., only in the U.S. or only in Canada,
respectively). Unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or exhibition violates
federal laws with severe penalties and violates Pictures Home Entertainment's
standard terms of trade"
(3) These statements inform the viewer that they must respect "all rights",
may not use or reproduce the contents, or endure "severe penalties". Just
what are the "All rights" that are "reserved"? Can you reserve just any rights?
Do you have any rights?
(4) Copyright is a right given to authors and inventors in the Constitution. It is
"the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries". (Article 1,
Section 8 Constitutional Convention, 1790). The "exclusive right" means that
the author, and the author alone, has the right to publish and distribute his
work. The same clause includes inventors and their inventions. Many authors
will authorize a publisher to print and distribute their work. To do this they
must transfer their rights to reproduce and to distribute to the publisher,
normally for a limited period of time. Likewise, an inventor patents her work,
then sells patent rights to industries ready to use it.
(5) Since 1790, in different acts of Congress, music, photography, movies,
computer software, graphic arts, and boat hull designs have all been granted

214
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copyright protection. Both legislation and court cases have led to the
development of several "doctrines", or common practices, about copyright.
(6) A "fixed medium" is anything that can be returned to at a later time, which
will display the same information or illustration as before. Paper, computer
storage, stone or clay, paints, and a computerized piano keyboard's recording
system all are considered fixed mediums. No registration or special symbols
are needed to gain copyright; it is present as soon as the somewhat original
work is created.
(7) The copyright owner has six basic rights: to make copies, to distribute
those copies; to make derivative works; to perform or display the work in
public; and to perform the work by means of a "digital audio transmission."
Any of these rights can be licensed to another person or a company such as a
publisher.
(8) Making copies refers to making any type of copy: a photocopy, a
photograph, a hand-drawn copy that is indistinguishable or close to it; and
computer copies of me any sort. These actions count as infringement even if
it can be shown that no one has viewed the work.
26. What is a copyright? ‫ما هي حقوق النشر؟‬
(A) the right given to authors and inventors for their writings and discoveries
(B) the permission to sell or rent only in the country where originally sold
(C) the transfer of rights to a publisher or an industry
(D) the ability to accurately copy something
27. What do most Americans see at the start of DVDs?
‫ماذا يرى معظم الأمريكيين في بداية أقراص دي في دي؟‬
(A) an FBI warning
(B) an ID number
(C) a fixed medium
(D) a mark of quality
28. How many basic rights does a copyright owner have?
‫كم عدد الحقوق الأساسية التي يمتلكها مالك حقوق الطبع والنشر؟‬
(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 10
215
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 4
Hot deserts
(1) Hot deserts are found near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The
largest hot desert is the Sahara in Africa which covers the whole northern part
of the continent.
(2) Hot deserts have an extreme climate and challenging environment. There
is very little plant or animal life because of the difficult climate. Few plant and
animal species are specialized enough to survive there. Plants and animals
which do survive have adapted to difficult conditions. The biotic (living) parts
of the hot desert and the abiotic (non-living) parts of the hot desert rely on
one another - a change in one will result in a change in the other.
(3) The climate is very hot. Summer day-time temperatures can be more than
40°C. However, at night the temperature can drop below 0°C. The climate is
also very dry with less than 250mm of rain a year. Hot deserts have two
seasons: summer, when the daytime temperature is between 35 and 40°C,
and winter, when the temperature is between 20 and 30°C.
(4) Desert soils are thin with sand and rocks and are generally grey in color.
They are very dry. When it does rain, they soak up the water very quickly. The
surface of the soil may appear crusty. This is due to the lack of rain. In
summer, it is so hot that the water is brought up to the surface of the soil by
evaporation. As the water evaporates, salts are left behind on the surface.

29. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ما هو الغرض الرئيسي للكاتب؟‬
(A) to study geography
(B) to convince
(C) to inform
(D) to entertain
30. What is one important point that the writer mentions?
‫ما هي النقطة المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
(A) Deserts include hot and cold deserts.
(B) Hot deserts have two seasons: summer and winter.
(C) The soil in hot deserts is salty because of evaporation.
(D) The climate and environment of hot deserts are difficult for life.

216
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

31. What is one important point that the writer mentions?

‫ما هي النقطة المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
(A) The Sahara Desert in Africa is the largest hot desert in the world.
(B) The surface of the soil in hot deserts is very dry.
(C) The climate is challenging in different parts of the world.
(D) Temperatures change a lot during the day and year in hot deserts.
Passage 5
The human cost of Stalin's 5-year plans
(1) In 1927. Stalin's main aim for his country, Russia, was to modernize its
industry. His 5-year plans set ambitious targets for important heavy industries
such as coal, iron, oil, and electricity.
(2) However, there was a human cost to achieving the tares set in the 5-year
plans. This cost was paid by the workers. Many foreign experts and engineers
were called in by Stalin to help with work and in their letters and reports they
are amazed by at the toughness of the Russian people and how hard they
worked. The most famous worker was Alexei Stakhanov. In 1935, with two
helpers, he managed to cut 102 tons of coal in one day's work. This was
fourteen times the average. Stakhanov became a hero of the country, and the
Rovernment newspapers and radio encouraged all Russian workers to be like
him.
(3) Life was very difficult under Stalin. Workers had targets to meet and were
punished if they did not meet them. Factory discipline was strict, and
punishments were hard Workers who were late or absent would lose their
jobs and sometimes their flat or house as well. On the great engineering
projects, such as dams and canals, worker conditions were very poor and
there were many accidents and deaths. It is estimated that 100,000 workers
died in the construction of the Belomor canal.
32. What is one important idea related to the workers that the writer
mentions in paragraph (2)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالعاملين والتي‬
‫)؟‬2( ‫ذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬
(A) They had to pay money.
(B) They became famous.
(C) They were foreigners.
217
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) They were hard working.

33. What is one important idea mentioned about Alexei Stakhanov in
Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المذكورة عن أليكسي ستاخانوف في البرقراف‬
(A) He was an example of a good worker.
(B) He had two helpers.
(C) He worked in 1935.
(D) He was a coal worker
34. Why does the writer mention the example of the construction of the
Belomar Canal?
‫لماذا يذكر الكاتب مثال بناء قناة بلومار؟‬
(A) to show how workers were punished
(B) to show a great engineering project
(C) to show the poor work conditions
(D) to show the difficulty of living under Stalin

35. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) hard work in Russia's factories
(B) Stalin's successful 5-year plan
(C) Russia's development in 1927
(D) life working under Stalin
Passage 6
Improving Memory
(1) Now and then we are dismayed at our forgetfulness – at our embarrassing
inability to recall someone's name, at forgetting to bring up a point in
conversation, at forgetting to bring along something important, at finding
ourselves standing in a room unable to recall why we are there. What can we
do to minimize such lapses? Much as biology benefits medicine and botany
benefits agriculture, so can the psychology of memory benefit education.
Sprinkled throughout this chapter and summarized here for easy reference
are concrete suggestions for improving memory.

218
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(2) Study repeatedly to boost long-term recall. Overlearn To learn a name, say
it to yourself after being introduced; wait a few seconds and say it again; wait
longer and say it again. To provide many separate study sessions, make use
of life's little intervals - riding on the bus, walking across campus, waiting for
class to start.
(3) Spend more time rehearsing or actively thinking about the material.
Speedreading (skimming) complex material - with minimal rehearsal - yields
little retention. Rehearsal and critical reflection help more. It pays to study
actively.
(4) Make the material personally meaningful. To build a network of retrieval
cues, take thorough text and class notes in your own words. Mindlessly
repeating information is relatively ineffective. Better to form images,
understand and organize information, relate the material to what you already
know or have experienced and write it out in your own words. Without such
cues, you may be stuck when a question uses phrasing different from the rote
forms you memorized. To increase retrieval cues, form as many associations
as possible.
36. What does the passage say about memory? ‫ماذا تقول القطعه عن الذاكرة؟‬
(A) It comes easily.
(B) It is impossible to improve.
(C) You need it for conversation.
(D) You need to work actively for it.
37. What is one way to help remember things? ‫ما هي إحدى الطرق للمساعدة‬
‫في تذكر الأشياء؟‬
(A) speed reading
(B) summarizing
(C) note taking
(D) making recordings
38. Which word or words can we use to replace the word so in Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي الكلمة أو الكلمات التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال كلمة "لذا" في الفقرة‬
(A) in the same way
(B) in other words
219
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C) however
(D) due to
39. Why does the writer use the word relatively in Paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫"نسبيا" في البرقراف‬
ً ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة‬
(A) to show it is slightly effective
(B) to show the correct method
(C) to show it's enjoyable
(D) to show he disagrees
40. How does the writer feel about forgetfulness? ‫كيف يشعر الكاتب تجاه‬
‫النسيان؟‬
(A) It could be exciting.
(B) It could be surprising.
(C) It could be interesting.
(D) It could be embarrassing.
Passage 7
Vitamins and Minerals
(1) Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts to
function properly. Humans need 13 different vitamins, which have many roles
in the body. For example, Vitamin A helps maintain good vision. Vitamin B
helps form red blood cells. Vitamin K is needed for blood to clot when you
have a cut or other wound.
(2) Some vitamins are produced in the body. For example, Vitamin D is made
in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. Vitamins B and K are produced by
bacteria that normally live inside the body. Most other vitamins must come
from foods. Foods that are good sources of vitamins include whole grains,
vegetables, fruits, and milk.
(3) Not getting sufficient vitamins can cause health problems. For example,
too little vitamin C causes a disease called scurvy. People with scurvy have
bleeding gums, nosebleeds, and other symptoms.
(4) Minerals are chemical elements that are needed for body processes.
Minerals that you need in small amounts include iodine, iron, and zinc.
Minerals have many important roles in the body. For example, calcium and
phosphorus are needed for strong bones and teeth. Potassium and sodium
are needed for muscles and nerves to work normally.
220
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(5) Your body cannot produce any of the minerals that it needs. Instead, you
must get minerals from the foods you eat. Good sources of minerals include
milk, leafy green vegetables, and whole grains. Not getting enough minerals
can cause health problems. For example, too little calcium may cause
osteoporosis. This is a disease in which bones become soft and break easily.
Getting too much of some minerals can also cause health problems. Many
people get too much sodium from packaged foods and adding table salt. Too
much sodium causes high blood pressure in some people.
41. What is one negative effect of taking too much sodium?
‫ما هو أحد الآثار السلبية لتناول الكثير من الصوديوم؟‬
(A) high blood pressure
(B) weak bones
(C) bleeding
(D) headache
42. Why is vitamin K needed in the body? ‫لماذا يحتاج الجسم إلى فيتامين ك؟‬
(A) to help muscles work normally
(B) to help cuts stop bleeding
(C) to make red blood cells
(D) to improve the health of the skin
43. The word maintain in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………..
...........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "المحافظه" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) share
(B) find
(C) keep
(D) improve
44. The word sufficient in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………………….
..........‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى‬3( ‫كلمة "كافية" في الفقرة‬
(A) important
(B) extra
(C) enough
(D) different

221
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Passage 8

45. What was the birth rate in Saudi Arabia in 2015? ‫كم كان معدل المواليد في‬
‫؟‬2015 ‫السعودية عام‬
(A) 19.56
(B) 19.92
(C) 19.99
(D) 20.28
46. Which year had the highest birth rate in Saudi Arabia?
‫في أي عام كان أعلى معدل مواليد في المملكة العربية السعودية؟‬
(A) 2006
(B) 2007
(C) 2015
(D) 2016
Passage 9
Inflation
(1) Inflation is when most prices in an entire economy are rising. However,
there is an extreme form of inflation called hyperinflation. This occurred in
Germany between 1921 and 1928, and more recently in Zimbabwe between
2008 and 2009. In November 2008, Zimbabwe had an inflation rate of 79.6
billion percent. In contrast, in 2014, the United States had an average annual
rate of inflation of 1.6%. Zimbabwe's inflation rate was so high it is difficult to
comprehend, so let's put it into context. It is equivalent to price increases of

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98% per day. This means that, from one day to the next, prices essentially
double.
(2) What is life like in an economy afflicted with hyperinflation? Most of you
reading this will have never experienced this phenomenon. The government
adjusted prices for commodities in Zimbabwean dollars several times each
day. There was no desire to hold on to currency since it lost value by the
minute. The people there spent a great deal of time getting rid of any cash
they acquired by purchasing whatever food or other commodities they could
find. At one point, a loaf of bread cost 550 million Zimbabwean dollars.
Teachers' salaries were in the trillions a month; however, this was equivalent
to only one U.S. dollar a day.
(3) At its height, it took 621.984.228 Zimbabwean dollars to purchase one U.S.
dollar. Government agencies had no money to pay their workers, so they
started printing money to pay their bills rather than raising taxes. Rising prices
caused the government to enact price controls on private businesses, which
led to shortages and the emergence of black markets where prices rose as
fast as the Government printed more money. In 2009, the country abandoned
its currency and allowed people to use foreign currencies for purchases. The
value of foreign currencies did not change much, so prices in foreign
currencies were steadier. This helped reduce the hyperinflation.
(4) How does this happen? How can both the government and the economy
fail to function at the most basic level? Before we consider these extreme
cases of hyperinflation, let's first look at inflation itself.
(5) Inflation is a general and on-going rise in the level of prices in an entire
economy. Inflation does not refer to a change in relative prices. A relative
price change occurs when you see that the price of tuition has risen, but the
price of laptops has fallen. Inflation, on the other hand, means that there is
pressure for prices to rise in most markets in the economy. In addition, price
increases in the supply-and-demand model were one time events,
representing a shift from a previous equilibrium to a new one. Inflation
implies an on-going rise in prices. If inflation happened for one year and then
stopped, then it would not be inflation anymore.

223
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(6) The most commonly cited measure of inflation in the United States is the
Consumer Price Index (CPT). Government statisticians at the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics calculate the CPI based on the prices in a fixed basket of
goods and services that represents the purchases of the average family of
four. In recent years, the statisticians have paid considerable attention to a
subtle problem: that the change in the total cost of buying a fixed basket of
goods and services over time is conceptually not quite the same as the
change in the cost of living, because the cost of living represents how much it
costs for a person to feel that his or her consumption provides an equal level
of satisfaction or utility. To understand the distinction, imagine that over the
past 10 years, the cost of purchasing a fixed basket of goods may be a
misleading measure of how your cost of living has changed.
(7) Alternatively, imagine that people are utterly indifferent to whether they
have peaches or other types of fruit. Now, if peach prices rise, people
completely switch to other fruit choices and the average price of food does
not change at all. A fixed and unchanging basket of goods assumes that
consumers are locked into buying exactly the same goods, regardless of price
changes, not a very likely assumption. Thus, substitution bias the rise in the
price of a fixed basket of goods over time tends to overstate the rise in a
consumer's true cost of living, because it does not take into account that the
person can substitute away from goods whose relative prices have risen.
(8) The other major problem in using a fixed basket of goods as the basis for
calculating inflation is how to deal with the arrival of improved versions of
older goods or altogether new goods. Consider the problem that arises if a
cereal is improved by adding 12 essential vitamins and minerals and also if a
box of the cereal costs 5% more. It would clearly be misleading to count the
entire resulting higher price as inflation, because the new price reflects a
higher quality (or at least different) product. Ideally, one would like to know
how much of the higher price is due to the quality change, and how much of
it is just a higher price.
47. What are two things that happen when there is hyperinflation?
‫ما هما الشيئان اللذان يحدثان عندما يكون هناك تضخم مفرط؟‬
(A) People get rid of their cash and inflation rises to 1.6%.
(B) Prices rise several times a day and inflation rises to 1.6%.
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(C) People use foreign currency and there is a shortage of goods in the
market.
(D) The government adjusts prices several times each day and people get rid
of cash.
48. What two things did the Zimbabwean government do that increased
hyperinflation?
‫ما الشيئين الذين فعلتهما حكومة زيمبابوي لزيادة التضخم المفرط؟‬
(A) did not raise taxes and abandoned the Zimbabwean dollar
(B) printed too much money and allowed the people to use foreign currency
(C) printed too much money and enacted price controls resulting in black
markets
(D) enacted price controls resulting in black markets and allowed the people
to use foreign currency
49. What two things happen when the price of a good goes up?
‫ما الشيئين الذين يحدث عندما يرتفع سعر السلعة؟‬
(A) Consumers purchase less of it and seek out substitutes instead.
(B) The quality of the good will improve, but consumers will seek out
substitutes.
(C) Consumers purchase less of the good, but the quality of the good will
improve.
(D) Consumers will spend more money on the good because they will not
change their buying habits and goods with falling prices will be important.

Passage 10 Worms
A worm is a program that can replicate itself and send copies from computer
to computer across network connections. Upon arrival, the worm may be
activated to replicate and propagate again. In addition to propagation, the
worm usually performs some unwanted function. An e-mail virus has some of
the characteristics of a worm because it propagates itself from system to
system. However, we can still classify it as a virus because it uses a document
modified to contain viral macro content and requires human action. A worm

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actively seeks out more machines to infect, and each machine that is infected
serves as an automated launching pad for attacks on other machines.
50. The word replicate in the passage is closest in meaning to ………………………
..... ‫كلمة "تكرار" في المقطع هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) make
(B) copy
(C) record
(D) reduce
51. The word modified in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………
.......... ‫كلمة "معدلة" في المقطع هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) found
(B) reduced
(C) changed
(D) doubled
52. The word infect in the passage is closest in meaning to …………………
.......... ‫كلمة "تصيب" في المقطع هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) avoid
(B) give
(C) touch
(D) damage
Passage 11
Knowledge and Technology
(1) It is necessary to address the question of whether the development of
digital technologies has actually changed the nature of knowledge, because if
that is the case, then this will strongly influence what needs to be taught as
well as how it will be taught.
(2) Connectivists such as Siemens and Downes argue that the internet has
changed the nature of knowledge. They argue that 'important' or 'valid'
knowledge now is different from prior forms of knowledge, particularly
academic knowledge. Downes (2007) has argued that new technologies allow
for the deinstitutionalization of learning. Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired
Magazine and now CEO of TED Talks, has argued (2008) that massive meta-
data correlations can replace 'traditional scientific approaches to creating new
knowledge.
226
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(3) Back in the 1960s Marshall McLuhan (1964) argued that the medium is the
message: the way information is represented and transmitted is changed and
so is our focus and understanding as information moves between and within
different media.
(4) One way knowledge is certainly changing is in the way it is represented.
Socrates criticized writing because it could not lead to 'true' knowledge which
came only from verbal dialogue and oratory. Writing however is important
because it provides a permanent record of knowledge. The printing press was
important because it enabled the written word to spread to many more
people. As a consequence, scholars could challenge and better interpret,
through reflection, what others had written and more accurately and carefully
argue their own positions.

53. What word does the expression "the way information is represented and
transmitted" repeat? ‫ما هي الكلمة التي تكررها عبارة "طريقة تمثيل المعلومات‬
‫ونقلها"؟‬
(A) message
(B) medium
(C) focus
(D) understanding
54. Which of the following does the writer say is a fact? ‫أي مما يلي يقول الكاتب‬
‫إنه حقيقة؟‬
(A) Chris Anderson is TED Talks CEO.
(B) Academics nowadays rely mainly on the written medium.
(C) Printing press is important in the transmission of knowledge.
(D) McLuhan and Downes claim the Internet changed knowledge.
55. How is the writer's view of writing as a medium of knowledge different
from Socrates' view? ‫كيف تختلف وجهة نظر الكاتب عن الكتابة كوسيلة للمعرفة عن‬
‫وجهة نظر سقراط؟‬
(A) He believes it is a complex process.
(B) He believes it cannot lead to knowledge.
(C) He believes it is an effective record of knowledge.
(D) He believes it is inferior to verbal communication.
56. What can we understand about new technologies from Paragraph (2)?
227
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‫)؟‬2( ‫ما الذي يمكننا فهمه عن التقنيات الجديدة من البرقراف‬

(A) They have a major effect on economies.
(B) They present various risks to the society.
(C) They are unable to create new knowledge.
(D) They have a significant impact on knowledge.
57. What can we understand about the printing press from Paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه عن المطبعة من البرقراف‬
(A) That it had several negative effects.
(B) That it led to advances in knowledge.
(C) That it spread quickly in various countries.
(D) That it changed the structure of the society.

Passage 12
Bees ‫النحل‬
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38)
and that they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and
work together to produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more
than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed
correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of
these amazing creatures may also have feelings and emotions similar to those
of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel.
In recent years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a
disturbing rate. Many explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees
are dying because of disease and pesticides. Others say it may be due to
pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for
humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world's crops depend
on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are
they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two
smells. After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the
other smell, they were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose
the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The
scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put in a stressful
228
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situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in
danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells,
and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste
good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These
bees had become “pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much
more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower
levels of the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean
that the feelings of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans
with mood disorders. This knowledge, along with further investigations into
bee behavior and "feelings" can hopefully be used to understand and remedy
their declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.
58. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
...........‫) إلى‬1( ‫تشير عبارة "هذه المخلوقات المدهشة" في البرقراف‬
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59. Why are bees important to humans? ‫لماذا النحل مهم للبشر؟‬
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.
60. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
‫أي برقراف يصف كيف درب العلماء النحل؟‬
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

229
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Model 22
Passage 1
Sleep Disorders ‫اضطرابات النوم‬
(1) The idea that "everyone needs 8 hours of sleep" is untrue. Newborns spend
nearly two-thirds of their day asleep, most adults no more than one-third. Age.
related differences in average time spent sleeping are rivaled by differences in
the normal amount of sleep among individuals at any age. Some people thrive
with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night; others regularly sleep 9 hours or
more. Sleep patterns may be genetically influenced. When two researchers,
Wilse Webb and Scott Campbell, checked the pattern and duration of sleep
among fraternal and identical twins, only the identical twins were strikingly
similar.
(2) Whatever their normal need for sleep, some 10 to 15 percent of adults
complain of insomnia - persistent problems in falling or staying asleep. True
insomnia is not the occasional inability to sleep that we experience when
anxious or excited. For a stressed organism, alertness is natural and adaptive.
Moreover, from middle age on, sleep is seldom uninterrupted. Occasional
awakenings become the norm, not something to fret over or treat with
medication.
(3) Sometimes people fret unnecessarily about their sleep. Scientists have
learned to doubt people's fretful sleep reports. In laboratory studies, insomnia
complainers do get less sleep than others, but they typically overestimate, by
about double, how long it took them to fall asleep, and they underestimate by
nearly half how long they actually slept. Even if we've been awake only an hour
or two, we may think we've had little sleep. because it's the waking part we
remember. When researchers awaken people repeatedly during the night,
some recall having slept soundly.
(4) The most common quick fixes for true insomnia - sleeping pills - can
aggravate the problem. Both reduce REM sleep and can leave a person with
next-day blahs. With continued use, one needs bigger doses to get an effect,
and when the drug is discontinued, the insomnia may worsen. Scientists are
searching for natural chemicals that are abundant during sleep and might be

230
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synthesized as a sleep aid without side effects. In the meantime, sleep experts
offer other natural alternatives:
• Relax before bedtime, using dimmer light.
• Avoid caffeine (this includes chocolate) after late afternoon and avoid rich
foods before bedtime. A glass of milk may help. (Milk provides raw materials
for the manufacture of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that facilitates sleep.)
• Sleep on a regular schedule (rise at the same time even after a restless night)
and avoid naps. A regular sleep schedule boosts daytime alertness, too, as
shown in a recent experiment in which University of Arizona students slept 7.5
hours a night on either a varying or consistent schedule
• Exercise regularly but not in the late evening. (Late afternoon is best.)
• Reassure yourself that the temporary loss of sleep causes no great harm,
certainly nothing worth losing sleep over.
• If nothing else works, aim for less sleep; go to bed later or get up earlier.

(5) More rare but also more severe than insomnia are the sleep disorders
narcolepsy and sleep apnea. People with narcolepsy (from narco, "numbness,
"and lepsy," seizure") suffer periodic, overwhelming sleepiness. This usually
lasts less than 5 minutes but sometimes occurs at the most inopportune times,
perhaps just after taking a terrific swing at a softball or when laughing loudly
or shouting angrily. In severe cases, the person may collapse directly into a
brief period of REM sleep, with its accompanying loss of muscular tension.
Those who suffer from narcolepsy - 1 in 2000 people, estimates the Stanford
University Center for Narcolepsy - must live with extra caution.
(6) The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute reports that 1 in 25 people
(mostly overweight men) suffer from sleep apnea - a treatable disorder that
was unknown before modern sleep research. They intermittently stop
breathing during sleep. (Apnea means "stopping respiration”) After an airless
minute or so, decreased blood oxygen arouses the sleeper to awaken and snort
in air for a few seconds. The process can repeat more than 400 times a night,
depriving the person of slow-wave sleep. Apart from complaints of sleepiness
and irritability during the day - and their friends' complaints about their loud
"snoring"- apnea sufferers are often unaware of their disorder.

231
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21. What percentage of adults have problems falling asleep?

‫ما هي نسبة البالغين الذين يعانون من مشاكل في النوم؟‬
(A) 2-3 percent
(B) 6-8 percent
(C) 10-15 percent
(D) 20-25 percent
22. How many people suffer from narcolepsy? ‫كم عدد الأشخاص الذين يعانون‬
‫من الخدار؟‬
(A) 1 in 5 people
(B) 1 in 25 people
(C) 1 in 400 people
(D) 1 in 2000 people
23. Who did a study on sleep apnea? ‫من قام بدراسة عن توقف التنفس أثناء‬
‫النوم؟‬
(A) The University of Arizona
(B) The New York Center for Sleep Apnea
(C) The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
(D) The Stanford University Center for Narcolepsy
24. What did Wilse Webb and Scott Campbell study? ‫ماذا درس ويلس ويب‬
‫وسكوت كامبل؟‬
(A) different types of men
(B) different types of twins
(C) different types of adults
(D) different types of parents
25. Who usually experiences sleep apnea? ‫من الذي يعاني عادة من توقف التنفس‬
‫أثناء النوم؟‬
(A) fat men
(B) thin women
(C) normal adults
(D) identical twins

232
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Passage 2
Oceans
(1) The oceans make up 70 percent of the planet and contain 97 percent of all
the water on Earth. It also makes up the vast majority of water stores, the
majority of the planet's moisture, terrestrial energy, and heat from the sun. This
energy is transferred between the equator and the two poles by larger surface
currents, by winds and deep ocean currents driven by differences in ocean
density. It also provides the moisture and energy for storm systems and
ultimately global climates.
(2) As terrestrial creatures, humans think of the importance of the planet's land
surfaces, yet Earth is a planet consisting of 70 percent water. From space, the
dominance of water is obvious because most of it is stored in Earth's oceans.
(3) Earth would not be the same planet without its oceans. The oceans, along
with the atmosphere, keep Earth's surface temperatures fairly constant
worldwide. Some places on Earth reach as cold as -20 degrees Celsius, whereas
other places reach as hot as 55 degrees Celsius. Yet on other planets like
Mercury, temperatures range from -180 degrees Celsius to 430 degrees Celsius.
26. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ما هو الغرض الرئيسي للكاتب؟‬
(A) to recommend
(B) to complain
(C) to advise
(D) to inform
27. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
(A) Both poles are covered in ice.
(B) Earth is cooler than Mercury.
(C) Oceans are extremely important.
(D) Water is essential to living things.

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Passage 3
Cost Benefit Analysis
(1) Cost-benefit analysis weighs the gains and losses to different individuals and
suggests carrying out changes that provide greater benefits than harm. For
example, a property tax used to build a local park creates a benefit to those
who use the park, but harms those who own property (although, by increasing
property values, even non-users obtain some benefits). Since some of the
taxpayers won't use the park, it won't be the case that everyone benefits on
balance. Cost-benefit analysis weighs the costs against the benefits. In the case
of the park, the costs are readily monetized (turned into dollars), because the
costs to the tax-payers are just the amount of the tax.
(2) In contrast, the benefits are much more challenging to estimate.
Conceptually, the benefits are the amount the park users would be willing to
pay to use the park if the park charged admission. However, if the park doesn't
charge admission, we would have to estimate willingness-to-pay. In principle,
the park provides greater benefits than costs if the benefits to the users exceed
the losses to the taxpayers.
(3) The first step in the process is to compile a comprehensive list of all the
costs and benefits associated with the project or decision. Costs should include
direct and indirect costs, intangible costs, opportunity costs and the cost of
potential risks. Benefits should include all direct and indirect revenues and
intangible benefits, such as increased production from improved employee
safety and morale, or increased sales from customer goodwill.
28. What is the main idea in the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية في المقطع؟‬
(A) Employee production increases when they get more benefits.
(B) Some taxpayers may benefit less from certain public services.
(C) Indirect and intangible costs are always important to consider.
(D) Cost-benefit analysis helps to reduce costs and increase benefits.
29. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬

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(A) Cost-benefit analysis weighs the gains and losses to different individuals
and suggests carrying out changes that provide greater benefits than harm.
(B) For example, a property tax used to build a local park creates a benefit to
those who use the park, but harms those who own property.
(C) Since some of the taxpayers won't use the park, it won't be the case that
everyone benefits on balance.
(D) In the case of the park, the costs are readily monetized (turned into
dollars), because the costs to the tax-payers are just the amount of the tax.
30. What does Paragraph (1) say about local parks?
‫) عن الحدائق المحلية؟‬1( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
(A) Local parks lower property values
(B) People pay less taxes when local parks are built.
(C) People prefer those local parks are built in larger neighborhoods
(D) Local parks are useful for the people who take advantage of them.
31. Which of the following statements about property values does Paragraph
(1) support? ‫)؟‬1( ‫أي من العبارات التالية حول قيم الخاصية تدعمها البرقراف‬
(A) Property values go up when a local park is built.
(B) Property values are used to find out property taxes.
(C) Property values increase and decrease at different times.
(D) Property values are equal to the gains and losses people have.

Passage 4
Stages or Economic Activity
(1) There are three main stages of economic activity, these stages are typical of
nearly all production and they are called the levels of economic — or business
- activity:
(2) Stage 1 is called the primary stage of production. This stage involves the
earth's natural resources. Activities in the primary sector of industry include
farming, fishing, forestry and the extraction of natural materials, such as oil and
copper ore.
(3) Stage 2 is called the secondary stage of production. This stage involves
taking the materials and resources provided by the primary sector and
converting them into manufactured or processed goods. Activities in the

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secondary sector of industry include building and construction, car

manufacturing and computer assembly.
(4) Stage 3 is called the tertiary stage of production. This stage involves
providing services to both consumers and other businesses. Activities in the
tertiary sector of industry include transport, banking, retail, insurance, hotels
and hairdressing.
(5) In some countries, primary industries such as mining employ many more
people than manufacturing or service industries. These tend to be countries —
often called developing countries — where manufacturing industry has only
recently been established. As most people still live in the rural areas with low
incomes, there is little demand for services such as transport, hotels and
insurance. The levels of both employment and output in the primary sector in
these countries are likely to be high. In countries which started up
manufacturing industries many years ago, the secondary and tertiary sectors
are likely to employ many more workers than the primary sector. The level of
output in the primary sector is often small compared to the other two sectors.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) Production is the first stage.
(B) The level of output is highest in stage three.
(C) Employment is highest in stage two.
(D) Economic activity occurs in three stages.
33. Which stage of production are hotels an example of?
‫ما هي مراحل الإنتاج التي تعتبر الفنادق مثالا ً عليها؟‬
(A) Primary
(B) Secondary
(C) Tertiary
(D) Elementary
34. What is one important idea in Paragraph (3) related to the secondary
stage of production? ‫) المتعلقة بالمرحلة‬3( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة في البرقراف‬
‫الثانوية للإنتاج؟‬
(A) Employment is high.
(B) Services are performed.
(C) New goods are made.

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(D) It is the most important stage.

Passage 5

(1) Since 1876, when Henry Heinz first started selling ketchup in glass bottles,
people have been arguing over the best way to get the condiment out of the
packaging and onto their plates. A physicist decided to apply a little science to
the matter and now has found what he calls a scientifically optimized method
for getting the ketchup to flow.
(2) While it may look like a liquid, ketchup is actually a non-Newtonian fluid.
Instead of flowing consistently the viscosity of these substances change with
the amount of force put on them.
(3) Because of the physics that govern ketchup's viscosity, packaging them in
glass bottles makes it much harder to hit that pressure sweet spot. But if you'
re dedicated on sticking to the classics and not switching to squeeze bottles,
Stickland has developed a method based on physics for coaxing ketchup out
of the bottle, Daisy Meager reports for Munchies.
(4) You have to start by giving the sauce a good shake," Stickland says in a
statement.
(5) The next step is to flip the bottle upside-down (with the lid still on). Then,
shake the bottle until the ketchup has slid into its neck. Lastly, turn the bottle
so that it's pointing towards your meal at a 45-degree angle and uncap. If
needed, Stickland says to give the ketchup a little "encouragement" by tapping
on the bottom of the bottle-gently at first, but with increasing force until it
finally slides out and onto the plate. "The trick is to get the sauce flowing, but
not too fast."
35. What is the most important step in getting ketchup to flow?
‫ما هي أهم خطوة في جعل الكاتشب يتدفق؟‬
(A) holding the bottle at a 45-degree angle
(B) mixing the ketchup with water
(C) keeping the ketchup warm
(D) shaking the bottle well
36. Which word can we use to replace the word While in Paragraph (2)?

237
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‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال كلمة "أثناء" في البرقراف‬
(A) Because
(B) Although
(C) However
(D) Besides
37. What does the passage say about ketchup sold in glass bottles?
‫ماذا يقول المقطع عن الكاتشب الذي يباع في عبوات زجاجية؟‬
(A) Large amounts are easier to get out of a glass bottle than small amounts.
(B) Henry Heinz suggested the best way to get ketchup out of a glass bottle.
(C) A scientist designed a glass bottle that makes ketchup flow more easily.
(D) Getting ketchup out of a glass bottle can be made easier by science.
38. Why does the writer use the word then in Paragraph (5)?
‫)؟‬5( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "إذن" في البرقراف‬
(A) to show that shaking the bottle is part of a list of steps.
(B) to give an example of how you should shake the bottle.
(C) to give more information about the making of ketchup.
(D) to show that tapping the bottle is different from shaking it.

Passage 6
Recent Palm Expansion

39. How many hectares of palm area did the Private Estate reach by 2008?
‫؟‬2008 ‫كم هكتارا من مساحة النخيل وصل إليها العقار الخاص بحلول عام‬
(A) 1 million
(B) 2.3 million
(C) 1.3 million
(D) 3.5 million
Passage 7
Human Impact on the Water Cycle
(1) Human impact on precipitation
There are a number of ways in which human activity affects precipitation. Cloud
seeding has probably been one of the more successful. Rain requires particles,
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such as dust and ice, on which to form. Seeding introduces silver iodide, solid
CO2 (dry ice) or ammonium nitrate to attract water droplets.
(2) Human impact on evaporation and transpiration
The human impact on evaporation and transpiration is relatively small in
relation to the rest of the hydrological cycle but is nevertheless important.
(3) Dams – there has been an increase in evaporation due to the construction
of large dams. For example, Lake Nasser behind the Aswan Dam loses up to a
third of its water due to evaporation. Water loss can be reduced by using
chemical sprays on the surface, by building sand-fill dams and by covering the
dams with plastic.
(4) Urbanization leads to a huge reduction in evapotranspiration due to the
lack of vegetation. There may also be a slight increase in evaporation because
of higher temperatures and increased surface storage.
(5) Human impact on infiltration and soil water
Human activity has a great impact on infiltration and soil water. Land use
changes are important. Urbanization creates an impermeable surface, with
compacted soil. This reduces infiltration and increases overland runoff and
flood peaks. Infiltration is up to five times greater under forests compared with
grassland.
40. What causes a reduction in evapotranspiration? ‫ما الذي يسبب انخفاض‬
‫التبخر النتح؟‬
(A) NO surface storage
(B) higher temperatures
(C) lower overland runoff
(D) NOT enough vegetation
41. What is one important effect of building dams? ‫ما هو أحد الآثار الهامة لبناء‬
‫السدود؟‬
(A) an increase in cloud seeding
(B) changing how land is used
(C) reducing chemical sprays
(D) a rise in evaporation
42. The word reduction in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ……………..
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬4( ‫كلمة "اختزال" الواردة في البرقراف‬

239
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 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫‪(A) fall‬‬
‫‪(B) choice‬‬
‫‪(C) success‬‬
‫‪(D) possibility‬‬
‫‪43. The word impact in Paragraph (5) is closest in meaning to ………………..‬‬
‫كلمة "تأثير" الواردة في البرقراف (‪ )5‬هي الأقرب في المعنى ل ‪...........‬‬
‫‪(A) damage‬‬
‫‪(B) effect‬‬
‫‪(C) benefit‬‬
‫‪(D) connection‬‬
‫‪Passage 8‬‬
‫‪Internet Language‬‬

‫?‪44. How many people used the internet in Chinese in 2017‬‬

‫كم عدد الأشخاص الذين استخدموا الإنترنت باللغة الصينية في عام ‪2017‬؟‬
‫‪(A) 1277 million‬‬
‫‪(B) 985 million‬‬
‫‪240‬‬
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(C) 771 million

(D) 2017 million

45. In June 2017, how many users explored the internet in English?
‫ كم عدد المستخدمين الذين استكشفوا الإنترنت باللغة الإنجليزية؟‬، 2017 ‫في يونيو‬
(A) 897 million
(B) 985 million
(C) 1,000 million
(D) 3,886 million
Passage 9
Greenhouse effect
(1) The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that aids in heating
the Earth's surface and atmosphere. It results from the fact that certain
atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, are
able to change the energy balance of the planet by absorbing long wave
radiation emitted from the Earth's surface. Without the greenhouse effect life
on this planet would probably not exists, as the average temperature of the
Earth would be a chilly-18 º Celsius, rather than the present 15 º.
(2) As energy from the Sun passes through the atmosphere a number of
things take place. A portion of the energy (26% globally) is reflected or
scattered back to space by clouds and other atmospheric particles. About
19% of the energy available is absorbed by clouds, gases (like ozone), and
particles in the atmosphere. Of the remaining 55% of the solar energy
passing through the Earth’s atmosphere. 4% is reflected from the surface
back to space. On average, about 51% of the Sun's radiation reaches the
surface. This energy is then used in a number of processes, including the
heating of the ground surface; the melting of ice and snow and the
evaporation of water; and plant photosynthesis.
(3) The heating of the ground by sunlight causes the Earth's surface to
become a radiator of energy in the long wave band (sometimes called in the
radiation). This emission of energy is generally directed to space. However,
only a small portion of this energy actually makes it back to space. The

241
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majorly of the outgoing infrared radiation is absorbed by the greenhouse

gases.
(4) Absorption of long wave radiation by the atmosphere Causes additional
heat energy to be added to the Earth's atmospheric system. The now warner
atmospheric greenhouse gas molecules begin radiating long wave energy in
all directions. Over 90% of this emission of long wave energy is directed back
to the Earth's surface where it once again is absorbed by the surface. The
heating of the ground by the long wave radiation causes the ground surface
to once again radiate, repeating the cycle described above, again and again,
until no more long wave is available for absorption.
(5) The amount of heat energy added to the atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect is controlled by the concentration of greenhouse in the Earth's
atmosphere. All of the major greenhouse gases have increased in
concentration since the beginning of the industrial Revolution. As a result of
these higher concentrations. Scientists predict that the greenhouse effect will
be enhanced and the Earth's climate will become warmer. Predicting the
amount of warming is accomplished by computer modeling Computer
models suggest that a doubling of the concentration of the main greenhouse
as carbon dioxide, may raise the average global temperature between 1 and
3º Celsius. However, the numeric equations of computer models do not
accurately simulate the effects of a number of possible negative feedbacks.
For example, many of the models cannot property Simulate late the negative
effects that increased cloudier. These extra clouds would then reflect a
greater proportion of the sun’s energy back to space reducing the amount of
molar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface. With
less solar energy being absorbed at the surface, the effects of an enhanced
greenhouse effect may be counteracted.
(6) A number of gases are involved in the human caused enhancement of the
greenhouse effect. These gases include carbon dioxide (CO2): methane
(CH4): nitrous oxide: (N2O): chlorofluorocarbons (CFC): and troposphere
ozone (O3). Of these gases the single most important gas in carbon dioxide,
which accounts for about 55% of the change in the intensity of the Earth’s
242
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greenhouse effect. The contributions of the other gases are 25% for
chlorofluorocarbons, 15% for methane, and 5% for nitrous oxide. Ozone’s
contribution to the enhancement of greenhouse effect is still yet to be
quantified.
(7) Average concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the year 2005
were about 380 parts per million. Prior to 1700, levels of carbon dioxide were
about 280 parts per million. This increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
is primarily due to the activities of humans. Beginning in 1700, societal change
brought about by the industrial Revolution. Increased the amount of carbon
dioxide entering the atmosphere. The major Sources of this gas include fossil
fuel combustion for industry, Transportation, space heating, electricity
generation, and cooking, and vegetation changes in natural prairie,
woodland, and forested ecosystems. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion
account for about 65% of the extra carbon dioxide now found in our
atmosphere. The remaining 35% is derived from deforestation and the
conversion of prairie, woodland and forested ecosystems primarily into
agricultural systems.
(8) Artificially created chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the strongest
greenhouse gas per molecule. However, low concentrations in the
atmosphere reduce their overall importance in the enhancement of the
greenhouse effect. Current measurements in the atmosphere indicate that the
concentration of these chemicals may soon begin declining because of
reduced emissions. Reports of the development of ozone holes over the
North and Saud Boles and a general decline in global Stratosphere ozone
level over the last two decades has caused many nations to cut back on their
production and use of the chemicals. In 1987, the signing of the Montreal
Protocol agreement by forty-six nations established an immediate timetable
for the global reduction of CFC production and use.
(9) Since 1750, methane concentrations in the atmosphere have increased by
more than 150%. The primary sources for the additional methane added to
the atmosphere (in order of importance) are rice cultivation, domestic grazing
animals, termites, landfills, coal mining, and oil, and gas extraction. Anaerobic
243
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conditions associated with rice paddy flooding results in the formation of

methane gas. However, an accurate estimate of how much methane is being
produced from rice paddies has been difficult to obtain. More than 60% of all
rice paddies are found in India and China were scientific data concerning
emission rates are unavailable. Nevertheless, scientists believe that the
contribution of rice paddies is large because this form of crop production has
more than doubled since 1950.
46. How much energy is reflected into space by the earth's atmosphere and
the earth's surface? ‫ما مقدار الطاقة التي يعكسها الغلاف الجوي للأرض وسطح‬
‫الأرض في الفضاء؟‬
(A) 26% (by atmosphere) and 4% (by surface)
(B) 19% (by atmosphere) and 4% (by surface)
(C) 26% (by atmosphere) and 19% (by surface)
(D) 51% (by atmosphere) and 19% (by surface)
47. Which three man-made gases have had the greatest greenhouse effect?
‫ما هي الغازات الثلاثة التي من صنع الإنسان التي كان لها أكبر تأثير في الاحتباس‬
‫الحراري؟‬
(A) Carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and methane
(B) Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
(C) Carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane
(D) Carbon dioxide, ozone and methane

Passage 10
Mining and Refining
(1) In an industrial society like the United States, the most important nonfuel
resources are iron ore, aluminum ore, copper ore, and minerals containing
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium used in fertilizers, a lot of energy is
used in mining operations and the transportation of ore. To make the task of
any physical extraction and transportation worthwhile, the ores must contain
enough of the required compound or clement. Some low-grade ore is not
usable because of the cost of the mining process.

244
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(2) Materials extracted from the earth are processed by screening, separating,
washing and grinding. Often, the useful element in an ore is in a chemical
form that is not usable and must be changed to a desirable form. For
instance, the aluminum in aluminum ore is in the form of aluminum ion. To
be useful, the aluminum ion needs to be changed to aluminum metal.
48. The word worthwhile in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………
...........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "جديرة بالاهتمام" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) correct
(B) difficult
(C) typical
(D) useful
49. The word extracted in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to …………………
...........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "مستخرج" في البرقراف‬
(A) removed
(B) replaced
(C) returned
(D) reflected
50. The word desirable in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………
............‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى‬2( ‫كلمة "مرغوب فيه" في البرقراف‬
(A) complete
(B) special
(C) colorful
(D) required

Passage 11
Automation ‫الأتمتة‬

(1) Knowing how and where robots and machines could impact the global
economy will help financial executives in a competitive edge in their industries
but predicting which countries are likely to be impacted most by workforce
automation and when isn't as simple as comparing industries across the globe.
(2) A recent McKinsey Global Institute report. A Future That Works: Automation,
Employment, and Productivity, Analyzed the automation potential of 46
countries, representing 80% of the global workforce. Several factors are
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considered, including the percentage of work activities that could be

automated using current technology, the number of full-time employees that
could be affected and wages.
(3) The types of activities that have a high potential for automation are physical
tasks in highly structured and predictable environments, data processing and
data collection. Those that have a considerably lower potential for automation
are unpredictable physical work, interactions with others, applying expertise,
and managing others, which is the least susceptible to automation.
(4) Vast differences are expected in how automation will play out across the
globe, as technical, economic, and social factors will determine the pace and
extent of it. But it's hard to say how quickly automation will become reality,
according to the report.
(5) Take manufacturing, for example. One country may save a larger
concentration of work hours in jobs that have higher automation potential,
such as production and administrative support. And another country may have
a higher proportion of work hours in jobs that are less likely to be automated,
such as management and engineering.
51. What idea do the words "susceptible to automation" repeat?
‫ما الفكرة التي تكررها عبارة "عرضة للأتمتة"؟‬
(A) workforce automation
(B) robots and machines
(C) automation potential
(D) competitive edge
52. What can we understand from Paragraph (2) about the McKinsey Global
Institute research? ‫) حول أبحاث معهد ماكينزي‬2( ‫ما الذي يمكننا فهمه من البرقراف‬
‫العالمي؟‬
(A) It was a large study.
(B) It was an automated study.
(C) It used current technology.
(D) It had an effect on full-time employees.
53. Which of the following is an opinion in the passage? ‫أي مما يلي يعتبر رأي‬
‫في القطعه؟‬
(A) The report considered several factors in the automation process.

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(B) Automation of work will become a reality for all workers.

(C) The speed of change to automation is difficult to predict.
(D) The McKinsey report studied 46 different countries.
54. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي مما يعتبر حقيقه؟‬
(A) Physical work can be unpredictable.
(B) The report considered information from 46 countries.
(C) Technology has the greatest effect on full-time employees.
(D) The writers of the report interviewed 80% of the global workforce.
55. What idea do the words "administrative support" repeat?
‫ما الفكرة التي تكررها عبارة "دعم إداري"؟‬
(A) Management and engineering
(B) Data processing and data collection
(C) Technical, economic and social factors
(D) Applying expertise and managing others
56. What can we understand from Paragraphs (4) and (5) about automation
around the world? ‫) حول الأتمتة حول‬5( ‫) و‬4( ‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من البرقرافين‬
‫العالم؟‬
(A) It will be very difficult to achieve.
(B) It will become a reality very quickly.
(C) It will be different in different countries.
(D) It will have the biggest effect on manufacturing.

Passage 12
Passage A: Keeping Time in the Paleolithic Era
(1) How would have a Paleolithic forager living 100,000 years ago kept track of
time? We have little direct evidence about Paleolithic time-tracking. However,
we can study modem foraging societies for hints. In a foraging society. the
rhythms of the natural world are critical. You need a pretty good sense of the
changing seasons and of the schedule That other species keep. then you can
decide when to move to a new campground, what plants to collect, and what
animals to hunt. Modem foragers sense such changes with a precision no
modern city dweller can match

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(2) Keeping track of the time of day and the time of year was not difficult in
early societies ancient people typically spent most of their time outdoors.
They could find out all they needed to know by the positions of the sun and
the stars. And aligning your activities with those of your family and friends
was much less complicated than it is today. Back then, people lived in small
groups and met face to face.
(3) Meetings with other communities often happened based on the season.
There was no need for precise scheduling. If a group normally met with a
neighboring tribe when the reader returned it didn't really matter if their
schedules were a few days, off. Foraging Societies were much more forgiving
about appointments than we are.

(4) So, no special instruments were required for timekeeping. But there are
clues that even Paleolithic forms didn’t rely entirely on their memories and
their senses to keep track of time.
Passage B: Keeping Time in Agrarian societies
(1) Agrarian societies began to appear 11.000 years ago. As they exploded,
they linked up with their neighbors. Now they needed more ratable methods
of keeping time. If you wanted to sell some vegetables in a country town or
warship at a nevtry temple you had to know exactly when the markets and
religious rights were held- and you needed to know in advance. Now you
needed calendars that everyone agreed on and shared. If your village
depended on irrigation, everyone needed to know exactly when the irrigation
gates would be opened.
(2) Similarly, seeds were planted at particular times. the harvest was also
collected according to seasonal calendars. These early calendars were based
on Earth’s orbit around the sun and associated climate patterns.
(3) This is why new devices began to appear that could track time more
precisely. one method of timekeeping was to watch the sun’s shadow using
sundials.

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57. What do passages A and B say about time- keeping in both eras?
‫ماذا تقول القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن حفظ الوقت في كلا العصرين؟‬
(A) that it became more precise over the years
(B) that it was closely linked to animals' schedules
(C) that it was crucial for trading between villages
(D) that it had little impact on agricultural activities
58. According to Passages A and B, which time-keeping methods were used
in both eras? ‫ ما هي طرق ضبط الوقت التي تم استخدامها‬، ‫وف ًقا للقطعتين "أ و ب‬
‫في كلتا الحقبتين؟‬
(A) stick in the ground
(B) sand-filled containers
(C) the sun and the stars
(D) spending time outdoors
59. According to Passages A and B, what did seasons specify for early
humans?
‫ ما الذي حددته الفصول للإنسان الأوائل؟‬، ‫وف ًقا للقطعتين "أ و ب‬
(A) time to interact with neighboring communities
(B) time to open irrigation gates
(C) time to hold religious ceremonies
(D) time to live in small groups
60. What can we understand from Passages A and B about people's lives in
both eras?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن حياة الناس في كلتا الحقبتين؟‬
(A) They had well-developed calendars.
(B) They always relied on their sense of time.
(C) Some religious events took place on specific dates.
(D) They collected certain plants in specific seasons.

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Model 23
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on
us!" Mike's arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He
didn't even stop to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept
coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked
shoulder to shoulder with the other smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only
thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful
enough, it would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to
make. Then they would have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his
face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too exhausted to move
because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head and
noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear.
A man was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was
brave only when he forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he
cared very much about the others with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because
…………….
...........‫جدا بحيث لا يستطيع التحرك بسبب‬
ً ‫ كان مايك مره ًقا‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) he had sweat all over him.
(B) he was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) he had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves
……………
...........‫ علم بن مايك أن الشجاعة تعني‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) working with proper tools
(B) avoiding fire hazards
(C) losing one's courage
(D) caring for others

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23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to ………… ‫يشير الضمير في البرقراف‬
......... ‫) الي‬3(
(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man
Passage 2 Giant Panda
1. An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to
China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
2. Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan
Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in
Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment.
Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is
unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be
fluent in both English and Chinese.

24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese? ‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫مي لان اللغة الصينية؟‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C) so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أين كانت مي لان تعيش؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) in Sichuan, China
(B) in Atlanta, Georgia
(C) in an American research center
(D) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
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Passage 3
Nanotechnology
(1) Anybody who doesn't know much about nanotechnology should begin
with geckos. These are the lizards that are probably the world's best climbers.
Watching them climb upside down on a horizontal pane of glass, you realize
that Spiderman should really have been called Geckoman. These guys out-
climb spiders any day.
(2) With perfect case they can hang from a single toe, and they do so by pure
adhesion, not by sticking a toe in a hole or by curling it round something they
can grip. With all the toes on the glass, scientists guess that if the rest of the
body were strong enough it could take the weight of a 100kg person
suspended below it. Although each toe is equipped with a tiny hook-like claw
at the end, these are of no use on the glass. What keeps them up there is the
amazing structure of the skin of the toe.
(3) Seen under the microscope, each toe has around two million tiny hairs on
its underside. Under the higher magnification of an electron microscope the
end of each of these hairs is seen to split into hundreds of even tinier nano-
hairs, which scientists have called spatulae. These hairs are so small that they
are able to establish contact with the molecular structure of the surface the
gecko is walking on. With that near-perfect contact the hairs are stuck to the
surface by electromagnetic forces called Van der Waals forces. The molecules
on the feet and on the surface have areas of slight positive or negative charge
that attract each other like mini magnets when they get really close.

(4) Scientists have been working for over 15 years now to try to unlock the
secrets of the stickiness of gecko toes and find a way to artificially reproduce
the same structure of nano-hairs. The hypothesis at the moment is that if any
material can be shaped into nano-hairs they will have the same properties as
those on gecko toes, so scientists are looking for a different material with
which to make the stickiest synthetic surface ever.
(5) This is one example of research in the field now known as
nanotechnology. In this field, the technology being created can be measured
in a few nanometers (one nanometer is a millionth of a millimeter). Interest in
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developing technology at this level was largely inspired by Richard Feynman

at the beginning of the 1960s, but the 'nano catchphrase was coined in the
1990s by Dr. Eric Drexler, who spurred scientists on through a series of
speeches and a book with the title "Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of
Nanotechnology".
(6) The scientists working on the geckos see an enormously wide range of
possible applications for the kind of adhesive nanotechnology that they will
develop the one that will make the biggest splash in the media will be the
gloves and the boots that will allow rock climbers to take their sport to
hitherto undreamed-of heights. But the technology could also be used in
surgery to keep the edges of wounds together without the need for stitches.
There will also be a huge potential in the manufacturing sector to stick
millions of components together tighter than ever before without glue or
screws.
26. How many hairs does a gecko have at the bottom of each toe?
‫كم عدد الشعيرات التي يمتلكها أبو بريص أسفل كل إصبع قدم؟‬
(A) fifteen
(B) hundreds
(C) around two thousand
(D) around two million
27. What are the forces that allow geckos to climb upside down on glass
called?
‫رأسا على عقب على الزجاج؟‬ً ‫ما هي القوى التي تسمح للأبراص بالتسلق‬
(A) Van der Waals forces
(B) Sticking forces
(C) Electric forces
(D) Spatulae forces
28. Who started using the popular phrase "nano"? ‫من بدأ باستخدام العبارة‬
‫الشعبية "نانو"؟‬
(A) Geckoman
(B) Eric Drexler
(c) Albert Einstein
(D) Richard Feynman

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Passage 4
(1) Ultrafine aerosol particles found in polluted urban air can contribute to
more intense storms in the Amazon rainforest, with potential knock-on effects
for weather and climate patterns in the region and beyond. researchers have
warned.
(2) Particles smaller than 50 nanometers in diameter have a substantial
influence on cloud formation in the Amazon. In turn, the rainforest has a
strong influence on climate regulation worldwide, and aerosol effects
observed in this region could also trigger climate shifts globally. according to
a study published in science.
(3) Until this study, ultrafine particles were thought to be too small to affect
the formation of clouds. This has now been overturned, at least in the specific
circumstances of the Amazon. "These tiny particles were thought to be too
small to aid droplet formation", says meteorologist Luiz Augusto Machado,
from the Brazilian Institute for Space Research's Center for Weather
Forecasting and Climate Studies, and one of the study's authors. "Now we
verified that their presence is one reason why some storms become so strong
and produce so much rain in the Amazon region".
(4) Pérola de Castro Vasconcellos, a chemist at the University of Sao Paulo's
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, added: "this study changes the
way clouds are to be represented in models used for weather forecasting, as
well as the way researchers understand the workings of tropical rain".
(5) The research team analyzed the influence of ultrafine particles on cloud
cycles in the rainforest during the 2014 rainy season, when there were no
forest fires and the only source of pollution was Manaus, the largest city in
the Amazon.
29. What important information about the research study does the writer
mention in Paragraphs (4) and (5)? ‫ما المعلومات المهمة عن الدراسة البحثية التي‬
‫)؟‬5( ‫) و‬4( ‫ذكرها الكاتب في البرقرافين‬
(A) team of people did the research.
(B) There were no forest fires.
(C) Manaus is in the Amazon.
(D) The study was in 2014.

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30. What is one important idea related to ultrafine particles that the writer
mentions in Paragraph (3)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالجسيمات‬
‫؟‬3 ‫متناهية الصغر التي ذكرها الكاتب في برقراف‬
(A) There are many of them in the air in the Amazon.
(B) They help produce bigger storms in the Amazon.
(C) They are too small to have an effect on the weather.
(D) The Brazilian Institute for Space Research is studying them.
31. What is Manaus an example of? ‫ماناوس مثالا على ماذا؟‬
(A) a large university city
(B) a large Amazon rainforest
(C) an area with high pollution
(D) an ultrafine aerosol particle
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) effects of aerosol use on weather in the Amazon
(B) pollution and aerosol use in the Amazon
(C) weather forecasting in the Amazon
(D) storms in the Amazon

Passage 5 World Quality Standards

(1) Different companies have different perceptions of quality. Without a
common standard of quality. However, customers may be at the mercy of
manufacturers and vendors. As the number of companies competing in the
world marketplace has increased, so has the seriousness of this problem. To
deal with the problem of standardization, the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), a nongovernmental organization with headquarters in
Geneva, Switzerland, was created. The ISO is a network of national standards
institutes and similar organizations from 161 different countries that is
charged with developing standards for quality products and services that are
traded throughout the globe.
(2) Standardization is achieved through consensus agreements between
national delegations representing all the economic stakeholders - suppliers,
customers, and often governments. The member organization for the United
States is the American National Standards Institute located in Washington,
D.C.
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(3) In 1987, the panel published ISO 9000 (iso is Greek for "equal", which sets
the guidelines for quality procedures that businesses must use to receive
certification. Certification by independent auditors and laboratory testing
services serves as evidence that a company meets the standards for quality
control procedures in design, production processes and product testing.
(4) Although certification is not a legal requirement to do business globally,
the organization's 161 member countries have approved the ISO standards. In
fact. ISO standards are so prevalent around the globe that many customers
refuse to do business with non-certified companies. As an added bonus,
companies completing the certification process often discover new. cost-
efficient ways to improve their existing quality-control programs.
33. What does Paragraph (2) say about standardization? )2( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
‫عن التقييس؟‬
(A) Guidelines must be used to get certifications.
(B) Everyone has different ideas about standardization.
(C) It is controlled by the American National Standards Institute.
(D) It is a result of agreements between business and governments.
34. How was the problem of different perceptions of quality solved?
‫كيف تم حل مشكلة التصورات المختلفة للجودة؟‬
(A) People created ISO and developed standards of quality.
(B) More companies started to compete in the world marketplace.
(C) Customers stopped doing business with non-certified companies.
(D) National delegations started to represent suppliers, customers and
governments.
35. Why does the writer use the phrase in fact in Paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب عبارة "في الواقع" في البرقراف‬
(A) To give more information about the importance of the international ISO
standards.
(B) To give an example of how the ISO standards help businesses in member
countries.
(C) To show that the common use of ISO standards came after the 161-
member countries agreed to them.
(D) To prove that the 161-member countries approved the ISO standards
because customers refused to do business with non-certified companies.
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36. Which word can replace the word Although in Paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكن أن تحل محل كلمة "على الرغم من" في البرقراف‬
(A) Afterwards
(B) As a result
(C) However
(D) While
37. What does the writer think is an added advantage of ISO certification?
‫ما الذي يعتقد الكاتب أنه ميزة إضافية لشهادة الأيزو؟‬
(A) He thinks many customers will only want to do business with ISO certified
companies.
(B) He thinks ISO certification is special because business must use
independent auditors and laboratory testing to prove that they meet the
standards.
(C) He thinks the process of certification helps companies save money by
improving their processes.
(D) He thinks that having 161-member countries approve the ISO standards
makes the standards prevalent around the world.
Passage 6

(1) According to a recent study in The Analyst's Accounting Observer, 90

percent of companies in the Standard Poor's 500-stock index reported
nonstandard accounting results last year, up from 72 percent in 2009.
(2) Regulations still require corporations to report their financial results under
accounting rules. But companies often steer investors instead to massaged
calculations that produce a better outcome.
(3) Among 380 companies that were in existence both last year and in 2009,
the study showed net income was up 6.6 percent in 2015 compared with the
previous year when non-standard accounting was used.
(4) However, under generally accepted accounting principles, net income at
the same 380 companies in 2015 actually declined almost 11 percent from
2014.
(5) Another striking fact: Thirty companies in the study generated losses
under accounting rules in 2015 but magically produced profits when they did
the math their own way. Most were in the energy sector, which has been

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devastated by plummeting oil prices, but health care companies and

information technology businesses were also in this group.

(6) How can a company turn losses into profits? By excluding some of its
costs of doing business. Among the more common expenses that companies
remove from their calculations are restructuring and acquisition costs, stock-
based compensation and write-downs of impaired assets.
38. According to the text, what is one important effect of non-standard
accounting?
‫ ما هو أحد الآثار المهمة للمحاسبة غير القياسية؟‬، ‫وف ًقا للنص‬
(A) It reduces the cost of doing business.
(B) It increases the number of employees.
(C) It allows companies to choose the results they show.
(D) It has mainly helped companies that produce energy.
39. What is the reason for companies hiding some business costs?
‫ما هو سبب إخفاء الشركات لبعض التكاليف التجارية؟‬
(A) It makes them seem more successful.
(B) It is common when prices are falling
(C) It is easier for them to do their own neath.
(D) It gives them more time to pay for these costs.
40. The word generally in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ………………….
....... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬4( ‫كلمة "بشكل عام" في البرقراف‬
(A) finally
(B) especially
(C) quickly
(D) usually
41. The word reported in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………………
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "ذكرت" في البرقراف‬
(A) opened
(B) believed
(C) described
(D) explained

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Passage 7 Figure 1. Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita,

Select Countries (cubic meters)

42. In which year was the freshwater level the highest in Morocco?
‫في أي سنة كان مستوى المياه العذبة هو الأعلى في المغرب؟‬
(A) 1967
(B) 1997
(C) 2010
(D) 2011
43. How much did the freshwater levels decrease in Syria between 1967 and
2011?
‫؟‬2011 ‫ و‬1967 ‫كم انخفض منسوب المياه العذبة في سوريا بين عامي‬
(A) about 800 cubic meters
(B) about 500 cubic meters
(C) about 400 cubic meters
(D) about 250 cubic meters
Passage 8
Software Ownership
(1) Most people know that software can be very expensive. However, many
people do not know that even though you pay a lot for software, you do not
necessarily own it. What happens, then, when you pay for a piece of
software? Very few developers grant you actual ownership of a program,
even after you 'purchased it. Instead of buying the software itself, you are
actually paying for a license that grants you permission to install and use the
software.
Why a License?

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Software developers have good reason for licensing software instead of

selling it outright: Piracy - software piracy, which costs developers billions of
dollars every year, is the act of copying software without the developer's
consent and without paying the developer and then selling or giving away the
copies. If you install the program on multiple computers at the same time,
that is piracy too. By licensing their products and maintaining some
ownership of them, developers can take action against pirates.
Modifications - Most license agreements state that you cannot make
modifications to a program's source code. If developers allowed this, it would
be an easy matter for others to make changes to a program and then try to
claim the modified program as their own.
But even though the developer keeps most rights to a program, you have
some rights, too. If the program does not perform as you expected, you have
the right to return or exchange it.
44. Which of the following is the writer's opinion? ‫أي مما يلي رأي الكاتب؟‬
(A) Software licensing benefits the software companies.
(B) Pirates copy billions of dollars of software every year.
(C) Customers can usually make one backup copy of software.
(D) Software licensing brings many advantages to the customer.
45. What can we understand from the passage about software piracy?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعه عن قرصنة البرامج؟‬
(A) It is a trivial problem for the software industry.
(B) It makes a lot of money for the software industry.
(C) It is a bigger issue in the USA than in other countries.
(D) It is the main reason software companies prefer licensing.
46. What can we understand from the passage about a lot of people who
purchase software? ‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعه عن الكثير من الأشخاص‬
‫الذين يشترون البرامج؟‬
(A) They try to modify their software.
(B) They make many copies of their software.
(C) They like having a software license agreement.
(D) They fail to read their software license agreement.

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Passage 9
Catalysts
Catalysts are very important in controlling the rate of reactions. A catalyst is a
chemical that increases the speed or rate of a chemical reaction without
undergoing permanent chemical change. Many industrial and biological
processes need catalysts for efficiency; the reactions are too slow without
them. Catalysts are fascinating chemicals. The reaction between hydrogen
and nitrogen gas to form ammonia does not occur at a significant rate, even
at high pressures and high temperatures. If some finely divided iron is added
to the vessel, however, the rate of the reaction increases dramatically and the
reaction becomes productive. Iron is not a reactant and does not chemically
change in the reaction. The iron functions as a catalyst.
47. The word undergoing is closest in meaning to ……………………………..
‫كلمة "يمر" هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى‬
(A) adding
(B) preventing
(C) controlling
(D) experiencing
Passage 10
Evidence
Direct Evidence
(1) Evidence is either direct or circumstantial. Direct evidence proves a point.
The testimony of an eyewitness is direct evidence. Consider the following
statement: 'I stole Susan's purse. This would appear to be a criminal
confession. This statement is direct evidence. In a civil action, a statement
admitting liability by a defendant is direct evidence.
For example:
*I am so sorry that I hit your car. I knocked over my coffee and looked down
just for a minute. Is everyone okay?
Circumstantial Evidence
(1) Circumstantial evidence is more common. This form of evidence is
indirect. Circumstantial evidence provides the trier of fact with information
from which inferences.

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48. The word liability in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to

…………………………
..........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة المسؤولية في البرقراف‬
(A) knowledge
(B) crime
(C) fault
(D) fact
Passage 11
Ancient Birds
(1) Giant birds of the past have names that speak for themselves. The
Elephant bird, a native of Madagascar and the largest known giant bird, stood
at over nine feet tall and weighed in at 1,000 pounds or more, until it went
extinct about 1,000 years ago. Australia's Mthirung, nicknamed "Thunderbird,"
which disappeared nearly 50,000 years ago, is thought to have been nearly
seven feet tall and weighed between 500 and 1,000 pounds. But until now, no
one had ever found evidence of these towering avians in Europe.
(2) Today, researchers describe the first fossil of a giant bird found in Crimea.
Dated at around 1.8 million years old, the specimen makes experts question
previous assumptions that giant birds were not part of the region's fauna
during that period.
(3) A team of paleontologists dug up the fossil__ an unusually large femur
bone__ in Taurida Cave, located on the Crimean Peninsula in the northern
Black Sea. The cave was only discovered last June when the construction of a
new highway revealed its entrance.
(4) Based on the femur's dimensions, the team calculated that the bird would
have weighed around 992 pounds as much as an adult polar bear-making it
the third largest bird ever recorded. Daniel Field, a scientist at the University
of Cambridge, says, “It raises exciting questions about the factors that gave
rise to these giant birds, and the factors that drove them to extinction".
49. What two phrases does the writer use to say that the birds were very
large?
‫جدا؟‬ً ‫ما العبارتان اللتان استخدمهما الكاتب ليقول إن الطيور كانت كبيرة‬
(A) giant bird and towering avian
(B) elephant bird and native of Madagascar
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(C) large femur bone and the region's fauna

(D) seven feet tall and nicknamed "Thunder bird"
50. Which of the following does the writer say is a fact? ‫أي مما يلي يقول الكاتب‬
‫إنه حقيقة؟‬
(A) The Thunderbird lived in Australia and Europe.
(B) The femur is the largest bone in the body.
(C) The Elephant bird was over nine feet tall.
(D) Researchers found a polar bear fossil.
51. How are researchers' views since the new discovery different from the
views held before? ‫كيف تختلف آراء الباحثين منذ الاكتشاف الجديد عن وجهات النظر‬
‫السابقة؟‬
(A) They now know what the birds ate.
(B) They now know what the birds looked like.
(C) They now know when the birds became extinct.
(D) They now know a new place in which the birds lived.
52. What can we understand about the giant bird of Crimea from Paragraph
(3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم عن طائر القرم العملاق من البرقراف‬
(A) Researchers found it at the bottom of the Black Sea.
(B) Highway workers found it at a construction site.
(C) Researchers did not find all the bones.
(D) We can see it in the Crimea Museum.
53. What can be understood about Daniel Field from paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫ما الذي يمكن فهمه عن دانيال فيلد من البرقراف‬
(A) He studies fossil.
(B) He found the fossil.
(C) He weighed the fossil.
(D) He studies at Cambridge University.

Passage 12
Passage A: Sole traders to the UK
(1) A sole trader is a business owned by one person. They are usually small in
size, Hairdressers, butchers, and electricians often operate as sole traders,
Bolo traders often use their own savings, bank loans or loans from friends and
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family to help them start and finance their business. There are several benefits
of being a sole trader. They keep all the profit they make for themselves and
get to run the business as they see fit, making all the key decisions by
themselves. It is also simple to start a business as a sole trader as there are
very few rules and regulations to follow.
(2) However, sole traders take on all the risks of starting their own business
and have the disadvantage of unlimited liability, meaning that sole trader is
personally responsible for the organization's debt. This means that personal
assets such as a car or house are at risk of being sold to pay off business
debts. Moreover, sole traders tend to work long hours. This is because they
have full responsibility for all of their business. To keep labor costs to a
minimum they will often avoid delegating tasks such as purchasing or
advertising to others, preferring to save money by doing the work
themselves. Sole traders can only raise limited finance, they will receive
money from family and friends or use.
Partnerships can have a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 20 partners.
Lawyers, estate agents, doctor and dental practices often operate as
partnerships.

Partnerships can raise more finance than sole traders. Banks are more likely to
lend money to an organization that has many partners than to a sole trader.
Partners can share the workload and responsibility of the business between
them. In comparison a sole trader has no-one with whom to share their
workload and responsibilities.

Partners may disagree and argue about the future direction of their business.
In contrast, a sole trader has the advantage of being the only decision maker.

Any profit made is shared between two to twenty people. A sole trader has
the advantage of receiving all profit.

Like sole traders, partnerships have unlimited liability. All partners have the
worry of being liable for any business debt the partnership has.

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Unlimited liability can be a major disadvantage for sole traders and

partnerships. Private limited companies have limited liability, meaning an
investor only loses the initial stake if a company goes bust.

In law, a private limited company is separate from the people who own it. Its
finances are separate from their personal finances. Because limited companies
have their own legal identity, their owners are not personally liable for the
firm's debts

54. What is one advantage partnerships and private limited companies have
over sole traders? ‫ما هي الميزة الوحيدة التي تتمتع بها الشراكات والشركات الخاصة‬
‫المحدودة على التجار الوحيدين؟‬
(A) It is easier to motivate people working in the business.
(B) It is easier to make decisions about the business.
(C) It is easier to find money to grow the business.
(D) It is easier to find customers for the business.
55. What is one advantage sole traders and partnerships have over private
limited companies? ‫ما هي الميزة التي يتمتع بها التجار الوحيدون والشراكات على‬
‫الشركات الخاصة المحدودة؟‬
(A) They can share the work.
(B) They are less expensive to establish.
(C) It is easier to agree on a business strategy.
(D) Business owners can find more free time.
56. How is a partnership different from a Sole trader and a private limited
company?
‫كيف تختلف الشراكة عن المتداول الوحيد وشركة محدودة خاصة؟‬
(A) It usually has two owners.
(B) It can be a family business.
(C) It always has multiple owners.
(D) It must have a legal document.
57. In which business(es) do the owners have to use their personal money if
the business fails? ‫في أي شركة (مجالات) يتعين على المالكين استخدام أموالهم‬
‫الشخصية في حالة فشل الشركة؟‬
(A) Sole trader only.

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(B) Sole trader and partnership.

(C) Partnership and limited company.
(D) Sole trader, partnership and limited company.

Passage 13 Bees
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38)
and that they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and
work together to produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more
than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed
correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of
these amazing creatures may also have feelings and emotions similar to those
of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel.
In recent years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a
disturbing rate. Many explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees
are dying because of disease and pesticides. Others say it may be due to
pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for
humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world's crops depend
on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are
they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two
smells. After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the
other smell, they were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose
the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The
scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put in a stressful
situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in
danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells,
and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste
good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These
bees had become “pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much
more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower
levels of the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean
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that the feelings of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans
with mood disorders. This knowledge, along with further investigations into
bee behavior and "feelings" can hopefully be used to understand and remedy
their declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.
58. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
............. ‫( تشير عبارة "هذه المخلوقات المذهلة" في الفقرة الى‬1)
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59. Why are bees important to humans? ‫لماذا النحل مهم للبشر؟‬
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.
60. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
‫أي فقرة تصف كيف درب العلماء النحل؟‬
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

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Model 24
Passage 1
Giant Panda
1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only
for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must
all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for
her trip to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the
U.S. is being arranged for her.
2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet
and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei
Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research
Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her
new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since
her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's
degree or higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.
21. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese? ‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫مي لان اللغة الصينية؟‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C)so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
22. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أين كانت مي لان تعيش؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
(B) in an American research center
(C) in Atlanta, Georgia
(D) in Sichuan China
Passage 2
Stars
1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different
colors. Some are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is also shown when we
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take color photographs of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an
ordinary camera as long as it is kept steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found that
blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars
which cannot be classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is
a blue superstar as big as 40.000 suns and Beetlejuice is a superstar with a size equal
to 17.000 suns.
3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of
them is a superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer.
Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure the brightness of a
star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star's distance from the earth it
astronomers know the color, brightness and whether or not it is a superstar.
23. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
‫أي من الألوان التالية لم يرد ذكره في المقطع؟‬
(A) green
(B) yellow
(C) blue
(D) red
24. According to Paragraph (2) Beetlejuice is a superstar ……………………
.........‫ يعتبر نجم منكب الجوزاء من النجوم‬،)2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) as big as the sun
(B) smaller than the sun
(C) as big as 17,000 suns
(D) as big as 40.000 suns
25. According to Paragraph (2), astronomers classify stars according
to the following EXCEPT …… ‫) باستثناء ما‬2( ‫يصنف علماء الفلك النجوم وف ًقا للفقرة‬
‫يلي‬
(A) size
(B) color
(C) shape
(D) brightness

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Passage 3
Engineering Innovation
(1) Rome is known for many things: its military conquests, its civic architecture,
temples, roads, emperors, and sculpture. Yet none of these would have been
possible without the most vital resource of all: water. Now, as then, water is
life, and without effective distribution, there would have been no great
Roman civilization. Even until relatively modern times, Roman techniques to
collect, store, and channel water over huge distances remain unsurpassed.
(2) Such technology, was not, of course, invented from scratch by the
Romans, and many earlier Mediterranean peoples had poured resources and
expertise into managing water. On the island of Crete, the Minoans
developed sophisticated rain-harvesting and filtering systems as early as the
middle of the third millennium B. C. Cretan water management techniques
were later adopted across the Greek-speaking world, and examples abound
of tunnels, drainage systems, and cisterns, sometimes of considerable size.
(3) Yet although the water management tradition Rome inherited was rich
and extensive, no previous system came close to the sophistication and reach
of the Roman aqueduct. Striding across the landscape from Spain to Syria,
these awe-inspiring structures not only carried life and livelihood but also
proclaimed the greatness of Rome.
(4) Aqueducts were costly public works, and not all Roman cities necessarily
required them. Some cities, such as Pompeii, had their water needs met by
wells or public and private cisterns dug beneath houses. Some cisterns could
reach a colossal size, such as the Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarnıcı) in
Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) and the Piscina Mirabilis in Miseno,Italy.
The better built to provide drinking water to the populations such as
Rome's—thought to have reached one million in the first century AD. needed
an entire system of aqueducts not only for drinking water but also for
supplying ornamental public fountains and baths.
(5) Rome was supplied by aqueducts totaling 315 miles in length. Of that, 269
miles ran underground and 46 total miles above ground; however, only about
36 miles consisted of arched structures, just under 12 percent in all.
(6) Rome had as many as 11 aqueduct systems, the most ancient of which was
the mile-long Aqua Appia, first operational in 312 B.C. It was named for its
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sponsor, the censor Appius Claudius Caecus, better known for another great
pioneering structure of ancient Rome: the Appian Way, one of the first major
Roman roads.
(7) Three more aqueducts were built in the third and second centuries B.C.:
Aqua Anio Vetus, Aqua Marcia, and Aqua Tepula. Aided by his son-in-law
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Emperor Augustus was particularly active in
improving the capital's water supply, repairing old systems and building new
ones. The Augustan-era Aqua Virgo named, according to legend, for the
young girl who directed thirsty soldiers to the springs that fed it has been
used uninterrupted ever since its construction. During his reign, Caligula
began building two aqueducts that were finished by Emperor Claudius, the
Aqua Claudia and Aqua Anio Novus. Trajan built the Aqua Traiana, which is
37 miles long, in A.D. 109.
(8) The last of Rome's aqueducts was the Aqua Alexandrina, nearly 14 miles
long, built by Alexander Severus in A.D. 226. Some have calculated that, once
completed, Rome's aqueducts delivered roughly 1.5 million cubic yards of
water per day—about 200 gallons per person. Its water network supplied 11
grand scale baths, as well as the 900 or so public baths, and almost 1.400
monumental fountains and private swimming pools. A crucial later stage in
the conveying of water was, of course, its disposal. Rome's Cloaca Maxima
sewer, which flowed into the Tiber River, became the model for urban
sanitation.

26. Who developed rain harvesting in the third millennium B.C.?

‫من طور نظام حصاد الأمطار في الألفية الثالثة قبل الميلاد؟‬
(A) Minoans
(B) Romans
(C) Greeks
(D) Egyptians
27. How long were Rome's aqueducts in total? ‫ما هي مدة قنوات المياه في روما‬
‫في المجموع؟‬
(A) 269 miles
(B) 46 miles
(C) 315 miles
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(D) 112 miles

28. When did Trajan build the Aqua Traiana? ‫متى قام تراجان ببناء أكوا ترايانا؟‬
(A) A.D. 109
(B) A.D 226
(C) 312 B.C.
(D) 37 B.C.
Passage 4
(1) Friction is the force that opposes one surface moving. or trying to move,
over another. It can be a help or a hindrance. We could not walk if there was
no friction between the soles of our shoes and the ground. Our feet would
slip backwards; as they tend to if we walk on ice. On the other hand,
engineers try to reduce friction to a minimum in the moving parts of
machinery by using lubricating oils and ball bearings.
(2) When a gradually increasing force (P) is applied through a spring balance
to a block on a table, the block does not move at first. This is because an
equally increasing but opposing frictional force (F) acts where the block and
table touch. At any instant P and F are equal and opposite.
(3) If P is increased further, the block eventually moves; as it does so F has its
maximum value, called starting or static friction. When the block is moving at
a steady speed, the balance reading is slightly less than that for starting
friction. Sliding or dynamic friction is therefore less than starting or static
friction.
(4) Placing a mass on the block increases the force pressing the surfaces
together and increases friction. When work is done against friction, the
temperatures of the bodies in contact rise (as you can test by rubbing your
wands together): mechanical energy is being changed into heat energy.
29. What important point does the writer make about 'starting friction'
in Paragraphs (3) and (4)?
‫) و‬3( ‫ما هي النقطة المهمة التي يشير إليها الكاتب حول "بدء الاحتكاك" في البرقرافين‬
‫)؟‬4(
(A) It creates heat in bodies.
(B) In Math, it is the letter F.
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(C) It presses surfaces together.

(D) It is greater than sliding friction.
30. What important idea related to frictional force does the writer mention in
Paragraph (1)? ‫ما هي الفكرة المهمة المتعلقة بقوة الاحتكاك التي ذكرها الكاتب‬
‫)؟‬1( ‫في البرقراف‬
(A) It needs lubricating oils and ball bearings.
(B) It brings advantages for engineers.
(C) It is both useful and a problem.
(D) It is zero when walking on ice.
31. What point does the writer support with the example of rubbing your
hands together? ‫معا؟‬ ً ‫ما النقطة التي يدعمها الكاتب بمثال فرك يديك‬
(A) Friction and movement makes objects hotter.
(B) There is little friction when we walk on ice.
(C) Sliding friction is less than starting friction.
(D) The block moves at the same speed all the time.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) Frictional energy
(B) Starting friction
(C) Sliding friction
(D) Frictional force

Passage 5
Monitoring Food
(1) Nutritionists often suggest keeping a food diary to track your meals, avoid
mindless overeating and keep tabs on nutrients like salt, fat and vitamins. But
writing down everything you eat is annoying, and many people find
themselves abandoning their efforts after a few days or weeks.
(2) In the future, you may be able to track your food intake with a sticker-
placed on your tooth. Researchers at Tufts University have developed a tooth
sensor that can track glucose and salt and wirelessly send the information to
a device.
(3) Scientists have developed wearables for monitoring food intake before.
Most of these have been in the form of mouth guards. American and Brazilian
scientists created one to check glucose; it contained biosensors and wireless
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communications modules. But it requires, well, wearing a mouth guard, which

can be uncomfortable.
(4) Diabetics could theoretically use the new tooth-mounted sensor to
monitor their sugar intake and broadcast the information to their doctors. It
could be helpful for people with other medical conditions that require them
to monitor their eating, for example, patients with high blood pressure who
need to limit their salt.
(5) But, Almquist, a professor of bioengineering at Imperial College London,
says, there will be “significant hurdles" before the technology is ready for daily
use as a food diary substitute. "For instance, for continuous monitoring of
food intake, the sensors will need to be robust enough to withstand abrasion
during chewing. In addition, foods are complex mixtures of compounds
including salts, sugars and proteins, and the relative amounts of each that
enter into saliva will depend on factors such as the nature of the food.
33. What does the passage say about the new food-control technique?
‫ماذا يقول المقطع عن التقنية الجديدة لضبط الأغذية؟‬
(A) It is NOT yet ready to replace older methods.
(B) It will help patients to use less medicine.
(C) It will help people who DO NOT exercise enough.
(D) It can deal with all food ingredients.
34. Why have scientists developed the new food-control technique?
‫لماذا طور العلماء تقنية جديدة للتحكم في الأغذية؟‬
(A) to help restaurants make healthier food cheaply
(B) to avoid the need to keep a daily food diary
(C) to improve the diet of babies and children
(D) to deal with complex eating processes in the mouth
35. Which word can we use to replace the phrase "in addition" in Paragraph
(5)?
‫)؟‬5( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال عبارة "بالإضافة" في البرقراف‬
(A) also
(B) besides
(C) however
(D) therefore

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36. Why does the writer use the phrase "For instance" in Paragraph (5)?
‫)؟‬5( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب عبارة "على سبيل المثال" في البرقراف‬
(A) to show how the new technique can be used in different ways
(B) to give examples of patients who can use the new technique
(C) to show that the new and old techniques are different
(D) to explain one difficulty in using the new technique
37. What does the writer think of the old mouth guards? ‫ما رأي الكاتب في‬
‫حراس الفم القدامى؟‬
(A) He believes they were NOT expensive to make.
(B) He believes they were rather big.
(C) He believes they were NOT practical.
(D) He believes they were difficult to make.

Passage 6
Cultural Norms
(1) Humans are social creatures. People have always grouped together into
communities in order to survive. Living together, people form common habits
and behaviors—from specific methods of childrearing to preferred techniques
for obtaining food. In modern day Paris, many people shop daily at outdoor
markets to pick up what they need for their evening meal, buying cheese,
meat, and vegetables from different specialty stalls. In the United States, the
majority of people shop once a week at supermarkets, filling large carts to the
brim. How would a Parisian perceive U.S. shopping behaviors that Americans
take for granted?
(2) Almost every human behavior, from shopping to marriage to expressions
of feelings, is learned. In the United States, people tend to view marriage as a
choice between two people, based on mutual feelings of love. In other
nations and in other times, marriages have been arranged through an
intricate process of interviews and negotiations between entire families.
(3) To someone raised in New York City, the marriage customs of a family
from Nigeria may seem strange, or even wrong. Conversely, someone from a
traditional Kolkata family might be perplexed with the idea of romantic love
as the foundation for lifelong commitment. In other words, the way in which
people view marriage depends largely on what they have been taught.
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(4) Behavior based on learned customs is not a bad thing. Being familiar with
unwritten rules helps people feel secure and "normal.” Most people want to
live their daily lives confident that their behaviors will not be challenged or
disrupted. But even an action as seemingly simple as commuting to work
evidences a great deal of cultural propriety.

38. What has the greatest effect on people's ideas about marriage today?
‫ما هو أعظم تأثير على أفكار الناس عن الزواج اليوم؟‬
(A) their ideas about romantic love
(B) what they have seen in popular films
(C) the marriage customs of people in New York
(D) what they have learned from their own community
39. What is the main reason people have always lived in social groups?
‫دائما في مجموعات اجتماعية؟‬ ً ‫ما هو السبب الرئيسي الذي يجعل الناس يعيشون‬
(A) friendship
(B) marriage
(C) customs
(D) survival
40. The word obtaining in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………………
............‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "الحصول" في البرقراف‬
(A) getting
(B) ordering
(C) preparing
(D) producing
41. The word negotiations in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………………
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "مفاوضات" في البرقراف‬
(A) differences
(B) discussions
(C) emergencies
(D) relationships

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Passage 7
Steel Use

42. What percentage of steel does the automotive industry use?

‫ما هي نسبة الصلب التي تستخدمها صناعة السيارات؟‬
(A) 5%
(B) 9%
(C) 13%
(D) 16%
43. What percentage of steel is used by the domestic appliances industry?
‫ما هي نسبة الفولاذ المستخدمة في صناعة الأجهزة المنزلية؟‬
(A) 11%
(B) 8%
(C) 5%
(D) 2%
Passage 8
(1) Our food is primarily made of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals,
vitamins and water. We need to regularly ingest food to sustain ourselves.
(2) Living things do not follow the pattern of decay seen in the rest of the
natural world. Unlike non-living things (such as rocks), living things maintain
themselves. They build new cells, tissues and organs in the process of
development. Once mature, organisms can sustain existing biological
structures by cellular division. This process, also called mitosis, allows cells to

277
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use molecules such as water, amino acids (building blocks of proteins),

carbohydrates and lipids to create new cells. This process requires the transfer
of energy among chemical bonds.
(3) Our cells are regularly being replaced and recycled and this requires a
regular influx of energy and matter. We obtain energy in the form of food
calories: new matter in the form of the molecules contained in our food. Not
all of these molecules are digestible by all animals. These unneeded
molecules may be eaten along with more desirable molecules. This is part of
the reason why animals must have an opening in their digestive system
(4) A balanced diet for humans includes several servings of breads, cereals,
fruits and vegetables every day. Also essential are smaller servings of milk,
dairy, meat and eggs. Fats, oils and sweets should make up a very small
portion of a balanced diet.
(5) Human beings eat several hundred pounds of food a year. From this food
we obtain all the molecules we need so our bodies can operate, grow and
replace the cells lost to wear, old age, or damage.
(6) Animals, such as humans, have evolved intricate strategies of intercellular
communication. Feedback, feed-forward, and inhibition allow us to maintain
steady-state, or homeostasis. We get hungry because we want to eat. This
seemingly simple cause and effect is the result of the empty stomach
secreting the peptide hormone ghrelin into the bloodstream. When this
hormone is received by the hypothalamus, it stimulates the release of growth
hormones, which makes us want to eat. After eating to satiation, the release
of the peptide hormone leptin causes the hypothalamus to inhibit hunger
sensations. Leptin is released by a variety of tissues including adipose (fat
cells), stomach, bone, pituitary, and the liver.
Metabolism
(7) The word metabolism comes from the Greek root "change" and involves
the building up or breaking down of molecules to be used by the body. These
molecules will be used for cell growth, fuel and other processes. If the process
involves breaking down molecules into simpler ones, usually to release
energy, it is called catabolic. If building up complex molecules, for structures
or energy storage, it is called anabolic.

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(8) Developed and less active bodies do not need as many energy calories as
developing and active bodies. Developing bodies are adding cells at a rapid
rate, and this requires an infusion of both new material (molecules) and
energy. Active bodies, likewise, need more calories to sustain the energetic
demands of more motion.
Proteins
(9) Proteins are molecules made of nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
and sometimes sulfur. These molecules are found in animal tissue such as
meat (including fish), eggs, cheese and legumes, and many other plant foods.
(10) Proteins are large molecules assembled from smaller units called amino
acids and serve many important roles in living things. Amino acids are linked
by covalent bonds called peptide bonds. Proteins can serve as enzymes,
hormones as well as the building blocks of complex physical features. Proteins
comprise teeth, bone, muscle, tendon, cartilage, skin - most of what makes up
an organism.
(11) As enzymes, proteins facilitate chemical reactions that would not
otherwise happen in the short time, or lower temperatures required by living
things. As hormones (such as the previously mentioned appetite inhibitor
leptin) they are protein messengers that deliver information around the body.
Carbohydrates
(12) Carbohydrates are made of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that combine
to form monosaccharides. These simple sugars are made of five (pentose) or
six (hexose) carbon rings. Additional hydrogen and oxygen atoms allow these
rings to form disaccharides ("two sugars") such as sucrose and lactose or
polysaccharides ("many sugars") such as starch.
(13) Sugars are essential to living things. They provide a way to store chemical
energy to operate living things. They are also the structural backbone to the
information storage molecules DNA and RNA, as well as many of the other
essential molecules in living things. Sugar is transported through the
bloodstream in the form of the simple sugar glucose. They have 4 calories of
energy per gram.

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44. What two things happen to the cells in our body? ‫ما الشيئين الذين يحدث‬
‫للخلايا في أجسامنا؟‬
(A) They divide and are digested.
(B) They are replaced and recycled.
(C) They are replaced and digested.
(D) They build new cells and give energy.
45. What two things do cells use for mitosis? ‫ما الشيئين اللذين تستخدمهما‬
‫الخلايا للانقسام؟‬
(A) water and dairy
(B) lipids and cereals
(C) amino acids and lipids
(D) amino acids and vegetables
46. What two hormones make people feel hunger?
‫ما الهرمونان اللذان يجعلان الناس يشعرون بالجوع؟‬
(A) Ghrelin and growth hormones.
(B) Leptin and ghrelin.
(C) Ghrelin and peptide.
(D) Hypothalamus and growth hormones.

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47. In 2015, how many of Britain's CEOs were educated at private schools?
‫ ما هو عدد الرؤساء التنفيذيين في بريطانيا الذين تلقوا تعليمهم في‬، 2015 ‫في عام‬
‫المدارس الخاصة؟‬
(A) around 38%
(B) around 55%
(C) around 70%
(D) around 87%
Passage 10
Arrests
(1) In the US legal system, arrests are made after enough evidence is
collected to establish probable cause. Arrests are made with or without a
warrant, but there must always be probable cause to arrest. A criminal
defendant is usually searched at the time of the arrest. At the police station
the defendant is "booked'. The booking process involves finger printing and

281
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photographing the defendant. Background information on the defendant

such as name, address, phone number, and so forth is also collected.
(2) The defendant is searched again before he or she is placed in a jail cell. If
the defendant's offense is minor, he or she may be allowed to post bail and
appear before the judge at a later date. When the offense is not minor, the
defendant is held until the initial appearance; the judge sets the bail amount
at this time.
48. The word "booked' in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………………….
............. ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "حجز" في البرقراف‬
(A) harmed
(B) registered
(C) released
(D) transferred
49. The word probable in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to
…………………………
‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى‬1( ‫كلمة "محتمل" في البرقراف‬
(A) enormous
(B) suspicious
(C) reasonable
(D) complicated
Passage 11
Advertising ‫الاعلان‬

Defenses of Advertising
(1) Defenders of advertising claim that it provides many benefits. It informs
consumers about available products and services. Some adverts promote the
public interest by informing consumers about health and safety issues.
Volvos, for example, were among the first vehicles to provide side-door
airbags This is a definite safety advantage. Defenders of advertising also
argue that by giving media the financial backing it requires, advertisements
allow "free" television and internet content. The survival and profitability of
many media outlets, such as social media, television and radio stations and
YouTube channels depend on advertising revenue. Finally, advocates of
advertising claim that it stimulates competition and fuels our mass-
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consumption economy. It raises the standard of living for everyone because it

makes "economies of large-scale production” possible. Mass production
reduces the cost of manufacturing a product, so it is less expensive to buy;
but mass production requires mass consumption, and mass consumption of a
product cannot occur unless consumers know that the product exists and
where it can be bought. So, advertising is required if we are to take
advantage of the benefits of large-scale production.
Criticisms of Advertising
(2) Numerous criticisms have been leveled at advertising First, some critics
argue, advertising interferes with almost everything we do (studying, reading,
driving, watching YouTube, browsing the internet). Second, critics say,
advertising makes citizens materialistic. They only care about possessing more
and more. Of course, there is nothing wrong with improving your standard of
living, but they say advertising encourages consumers to measure their worth
only by what they have, rather than by who they are. And so, advertising
weakens social bonds and contributes to a shallow, materialistic culture. Third,
advertising exploits children by targeting dubious messages (sugary cereals
are good, cool kids wear brand-name clothing) at an audience that is too
young to be able to evaluate their content. Young people, including college
students.
50. What are two words that the writer uses for "supporter" in Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما الكلمتان اللتان يستخدمهما الكاتب لـ "مؤيد" في البرقراف‬
(A) consumer and defender
(B) consumer and survival
(C) advocate and survival
(D) advocate and defender
51. Which of the following is an opinion? ‫أي مما يلي رأي؟‬
(A) Large scale production makes products cheaper
(B) Some TV stations need revenue from advertising.
(C) Advertising makes people want more possessions.
(D) Advertising gives people information about products.
52. How are college students' views about advertising different from the
advertisers' view? ‫كيف تختلف آراء طلاب الجامعات حول الإعلان عن وجهة نظر‬
‫المعلنين؟‬
283
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(A) College students think advertising to young people is ineffective.

(B) College students think that good advertising can increase sales.
(C) College students think advertising prevents students from studying.
(D) College students think advertising on social media should be banned.
53. What can we understand about advertising from the passage?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه عن الإعلان من البقطعه؟‬
(A) It causes higher prices in the shops.
(B) It always helps a company increase profits.
(C) It is a very important and powerful industry.
(D) Its disadvantages are greater than its benefits.
54. What can we understand about YouTube from the passage?
‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم عن اليوتيوب من المقطع؟‬
(A) People use it to make money.
(B) It is popular with young people.
(C) It stops students from studying
(D) It has more adverts than television.

Passage 12
Renewable Energy Sources ‫مصادر الطاقة المتجددة‬
Passage A
Solar Energy
(1) The energy falling on the Earth from the Sun is mostly in the form of light
and the light that falls in one hour equals the total energy used by the world
in a year. Unfortunately, its low energy density requires large collecting
devices and its availability varies. Its greatest potential use is as an energy
source for low-temperature water heating. This uses solar panels as the
energy transfer devices, which convert light into heat energy. They are used
increasingly to produce domestic hot water at about 70°C and to heat
swimming pools.
(2) Solar energy can also be used to produce high temperature heating, up to
3000°C or so, if a large curved mirror (a solar furnace) focuses the Sun's rays
284
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

on to a small area. The energy can then be used to turn water to steam for
driving the turbine of an electric generator in a power station.
(3) Solar cells, made from semiconducting materials, convert sunlight into
electricity directly. A number of cells connected together can be used to
supply electricity to homes and to the electronic equipment in
communication and other satellites. They are also used for small-scale power
generation in remote areas of developing countries where there is no
electricity supply. Recent developments have made large-scale generation
more cost effective and there is now a large solar power plant in California.
There are many designs for prototype light vehicles run on solar power.
Wind energy
(4) Giant windmills called wind turbines with two or three blades each up to
30m long drive electrical generators. "Wind farms" of 20 to 100 turbines
spaced about 400m apart, supply about 400MW (enough electricity for
250,000 homes) in the UK and provide a useful "top up" to the National Grid.
Wind turbines can be noisy and may be considered unsightly so there is some
environmental objection to wind farms, especially as the best sites are often
in coastal or upland areas of great natural beauty.

Passage B
Wave energy
(5) The rise and fall of sea waves have to be transferred by some kind of
wave-energy converter into the rotary motion required to drive a generator. It
is a difficult problem and the large-scale production of electricity by this
means is unlikely in the near future, but small systems are being developed to
supply island communities with power.
Tidal and hydroelectric energy
(6) The flow of water from a higher to a lower level from behind a tidal
barrage (barrier) or the dam of a hydroelectric scheme is used to drive a
water turbine (water wheel) connected to a generator.
(7) One of the largest working tidal schemes is the La Grande I project in
Canada. Feasibility studies have shown that a 10-mile-long barrage across the
River Severn Estuary could produce about 7% of today's electrical energy
285
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

consumption in England and Wales. Such schemes have significant

implications for the environment, as they may destroy wildlife habitats of
water birds for example, and also for shipping routes.
(8) In the UK, hydroelectric power stations generate about 2% of the
electricity supply. Most are located in Scotland and Wales where the average
rainfall is higher than in other areas. With good management hydroelectric
energy is a reliable energy source, but there are risks connected with the
construction of dams, and a variety of problems may result from the impact
of a dam on the environment. Land previously used for forestry or farming
may have to be flooded.

55. According to both passages, why is it difficult to use energy from

renewable sources?
‫ لماذا يصعب استخدام الطاقة من مصادر متجددة؟‬،‫حسب كلا القطعتين‬
(A) Renewable sources require large amounts of energy to generate power.
(B) The availability of renewable energy differs and can only be used for water
heating.
(C) Large collecting devices are required and it's difficult to get permission
from governments.
(D) It's difficult to convert motion to drive a generator and crude oil prices are
so cheap that it's not worth it.
56. What do the passages say about the UK? ‫ماذا تقول المقاطع عن المملكة‬
‫المتحدة؟‬
(A) Wind turbines are unpopular in the UK, but they provide 400 MW of
energy.
(B) The UK has up to 100 wind turbines that can provide energy to other
countries.
(C) Wind turbines supply electricity to some homes and hydroelectricity
powers 2 percent of homes in the UK.
(D) Hydroelectricity powers 2 percent of homes and wind power could
provide power for another 10 percent of homes.
57. Which of the following statements best summarizes renewable energy
from both passages? ‫أي من العبارات التالية يلخص بشكل أفضل الطاقة المتجددة‬
‫من كلا القطعتين؟‬
286
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(A) The UK is the leading country in the world using alternative energy
sources.
(B) Renewable energy sources make up a small portion of the energy supply.
(C) Wind turbines cause too much environmental damage to be used widely.
(D) Canada is the leading country in hydroelectric energy.

Passage 13
Floor Damage
(1) The damage you described in your letter dated 7 July has now been
inspected.
(2) The faults in the wiring appear to have been caused by dripping water
from the floor above. The electrical contractor, who installed the wiring in
February, tells me that the wall was dry at the time he replaced the old wires.
However, we will arrange for repairs to be made and seal off that section.
(3) Durafloor is one of the most hardwearing materials of its kind on the
market and we were surprised to hear that it had worn away within six
months, so we made a closer inspection. We noticed that the floor had been
cut into and this seems to have been the result of dragging heavy metal
boxes across it. The one-year guarantee we offer on our workmanship is
against “normal wear and tear", and the treatment the floor appears to have
been subjected to does not fall into this category. I am quite willing to
arrange for the surface to be replaced, but we will have to charge you for the
materials and work involved. If I may, I would like to suggest that you instruct
your staff to use trolleys when shifting heavy containers.
(4) I am sorry about the inconvenience you have experienced and will tell the
fitters to repair the damage as soon as I have your confirmation that they can
begin work.
58. According to Paragraph (2), the problems with wiring were caused by
…………..
..............‫ كانت المشاكل المتعلقة بالأسلاك ناتجة عن‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) the electrical contractor
(B) the new wires
(C) the old wires
(D) leaking water
287
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

59. According to Paragraph (4), the replacement of the damaged floor

surface ……….
...............‫) استبدال سطح الارض التالف‬4( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
(A) is going to begin when the customer notifies the contractor
(B) is going to begin when the workmen are available
(C) has already finished
(D) has already begun
60. The word inconvenience in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ……………
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬4( ‫كلمة "إزعاج" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) time pressure
(B) coincidence
(C) bad luck
(D) trouble

288
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 25
Passage 1
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on
us!" Mike's arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He
didn't even stop to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept
coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked
shoulder to shoulder with the other smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only
thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful
enough, it would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to
make. Then they would have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his
face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too exhausted to move
because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head and
noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear.
A man was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was
brave only when he forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he
cared very much about the others with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (1), it was hard for Mike to do his job because
………..…
............‫ كان من الصعب على مايك القيام بعمل بسبب‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) his arms were strained and painful
(B) he COULDN'T think very well
(C) he was busy with other things
(D) he DIDN'T work with others
22. According to Paragraph (1), Mike's only thought as he tried to put out the
fire was........ ‫ فإن فكر مايك الوحيد الذي كان يحاول إطفاء الح ريق‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
..........‫كان‬
(A) to please his boss
(B) to pump more water
(C) to stop the blazing fire
(D) to get something to drink

289
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

23. The word greedy in Paragraph (1) means wanting ………

......... ‫) تعني الرغبة في‬1( ‫كلمة "جشع" في البرقراف‬
(A) less
(B) more
(C) some
(D) a little
Passage 2
Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
(1) The Industrial Revolution brought great riches to most of the
entrepreneurs who helped set it in motion. For the millions of workers who
crowded into the new factories, however, the industrial age brought poverty
and harsh living conditions.
(2) In time, reforms would curb many of the worst abuses of the early
industrial age in Europe and the Americas. As standards of living increased,
people at all levels of society would benefit from industrialization. Until then,
working people would suffer with dangerous working conditions: unsafe,
unsanitary, and overcrowded housing: and unrelenting poverty.
(3) The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization, or the movement of
people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-
increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms
to cities. Almost overnight, small towns around coal or iron mines
mushroomed into cities. Other cities grew up around the factories that
entrepreneurs built in once quiet market towns.
(4) The British market town of Manchester numbered 17,000 people in the
1750s. Within a few years, it exploded into a center of the textile industry. Its
population soared to 40,000 by 1780 and 70,000 by 1801. Visitors described
the cloud of coal vapor" that polluted the air, the pounding noise of steam
engines, and the filthy stench of its river. This growth of industry and rapid
population growth dramatically changed the location and distribution of two
resources - labor and people.
Nor Social Classes Emerge
(5) The Industrial Revolution created a new middle class along with the
working class. Those in the middle class owned and operated the new
factories, mines, and railroads, among other industries. Their lifestyle was
290
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

much more comfortable than that of the industrial working class. When
former families moved to the new industrial cities, they became workers in
mines or factories. Many felt lost and bewildered. They faced tough working
conditions in uncomfortable environments. In time, though. factory and mine
workers developed their own sense of community despite the terrible
working conditions.
The Industrial Middle Class
(6) Those who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution were the
entrepreneurs who set it in motion. The Industrial Revolution created this new
middle class, whose members came from a variety of backgrounds. Some
were merchants who invested their growing profits in factories. Others were
inventors or skilled artisans who developed new technologies. Some rose
from "rags to riches”, a pattern that the age greatly admired. Middle-class
families lived in well-furnished, spacious homes on paved streets and had a
ready supply of water. They wore fancy clothing and ate well. The new middle
class took pride in their hard work and their determination to "get ahead.
Only a few had sympathy for the poor. Women of the middle class did not
leave the home to work but instead focused their energy on raising their
children. This contrasted with the wealthy, who had maidservants to look after
their children, and the working class, whose children were a part of the
workforce.
The Industrial Working Class
(1) While the wealthy and the middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods,
vast numbers of poor struggled to survive in foul-smelling shuns. They
packed into tiny rooms in tenements, or multistory buildings divided into
apartments. These tenements had 10 running water, only community
pumps. There was no sewage or sanitation system, so waste and garbage
rotted in the streets. Sewage was also dumped into rivers, which created
an overwhelming stench and contaminated drinking water. This led to the
spread of diseases such as cholera.
24. By 1801, what was the population of Manchester?
‫ كم كان عدد سكان مانشستر؟‬، 1801 ‫بحلول عام‬
(A) 400,000
(B) 70,000
291
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C) 40,000
(D) 17,000
25. Who owned the new factories, mines, and railroads?
‫من الذي امتلك المصانع والمناجم والسكك الحديدية الجديدة؟‬
(A) people living in cities
(B) trained engineers
(C) the upper class
(D) the middle class
26. Which group of people benefited most from the Industrial Revolution?
‫أي مجموعة من الناس استفادت أكثر من الثورة الصناعية؟‬
(A) entrepreneurs
(B) farm families
(C) factory workers
(D) university graduates

Passage 3
Cookies
(1) A cookie is a packet of information sent by a web server to a web browser.
Cookies are generated each time the user visits the website. A message is
frequently displayed saying 'cookies are required to access this site (or some
equivalent message). Every time a user visits the website, cookies will have
collected some key information about the user. They are able to carry out
user tracking and also maintain user preferences (for example, when a user
buys an electronic device on a music website, the cookies will have
remembered the user's previous buying habits and a message like this often
follows: "Customers who bought items in your Recent History also bought….
''.
(2) Cookies aren't programs but are simply pieces of data. They can't actually
perform any operations. They only allow the detection of web pages viewed
by a user on a particular website and store user preferences, as described
above.
(3) The information gathered by cookies forms an anonymous user profile
and doesn't contain personal information (such as credit card numbers or
passwords). Because of the information they do collect however, they are
292
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

subject to privacy and security concerns. Cookies do not in themselves

present a threat
27. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ما هو الغرض الرئيسي للكاتب؟‬
(A) to complain
(B) the information
(C) to confirm
(D) to explain
28. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
(A) Web servers send information to web browsers.
(B) Messages are displayed on computer screens.
(C) Servers store information about web users.
(D) Cookies are different from programs.
29. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
(A) Internet privacy is an important issue.
(B) Cookies are without personal information.
(C) Music websites are among the most popular
(D) Web servers store information in central databases.

Passage 4
Agriculture in the Middle East ‫الزراعة في الشرق الاوسط‬
(1) From the 8th century, the medieval Islamic world underwent a
transformation in agricultural practice, described by the historian Andrew
Watson as the Arab agricultural revolution. This transformation was driven by
a number of factors including the diffusion of many crops and plants along
Muslim trade routes, the spread of more advanced farming techniques, and
an agricultural-economic system which promoted increased yields and
efficiency. The shift in agricultural practice changed the economy, population
distribution, vegetation cover, agricultural production, population levels,
urban growth, the distribution of the labor force, cooking, diet, and clothing
across the Islamic world.

293
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(2) Muslim traders covered much of the Old World, and trade enabled the
diffusion of many crops, plants and farming techniques across the region, as
well as the adaptation of crops, plants and techniques from beyond the
Islamic world. This diffusion introduced major crops to Europe by way of Al-
Andalus, along with the techniques for their cultivation and cuisine. Sugar
cane, rice, and cotton were among the major crops transferred, along with
citrus and other fruit trees, nut trees, vegetables such as eggplant, and
spinach and the use of spices such as cumin, coriander and cinnamon,
Intensive irrigation crop rotation and agricultural manuals were widely
adopted. Irrigation, partly based on Roman technology, made use of water
wheels, water mills, dams and reservoirs.
30. What is one important idea in the passage? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة في‬
‫القطعه؟‬
(A) Cumin is a spice
(B) The economy changed
(C) Farming provided food to Europe,
(D) Muslim traders introduced new crops to Europe.

31. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ما هو الغرض الرئيسي للكاتب؟‬
(A) to convince
(B) to inform
(C) to explain
(D) to study agriculture
Passage 5
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only
for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce,
must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being
prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx
flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special
diet, and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to
teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda

294
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel
comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of
Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The
teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both English
and Chinese.
32. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese? ‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫مي لان اللغة الصينية؟‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C) so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
33. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أين كانت مي لان تعيش؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
(B) in an American research center
(C) in Atlanta, Georgia
(D) in Sichuan, China

Passage 6
US Coffee Consumption

295
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫‪34. According to the graph, how many gallons of coffee did people drink in‬‬
‫?‪1950‬‬
‫جالونا من القهوة شربه الناس في عام ‪1950‬؟‬
‫ً‬ ‫وف ًقا للرسم البياني ‪ ،‬كم‬
‫‪(A) around 50‬‬
‫‪(B) around 40‬‬
‫‪(C) around 30‬‬
‫‪(D) around 20‬‬
‫‪35. According to the graph, in what year was coffee drinking the lowest in the‬‬
‫?‪U.S‬‬
‫وف ًقا للرسم البياني ‪ ،‬في أي عام كان شرب القهوة هو الأدنى في الولايات المتحدة؟‬
‫‪(A) 1945‬‬
‫‪(B) 1960‬‬
‫‪(C) 1995‬‬
‫‪(D) 2000‬‬

‫‪296‬‬
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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Passage 7
Personal Finance
(1) An annual survey in 2017 from the National Endowment for Financial
Education (NEFE) found Americans cited the most significant financial
setbacks they experienced in 2016 as transportation issues (23 percent),
housing repairs/maintenance (20 percent), and medical care for injury illness
(18 percent). If faced with a major unexpected expense, over one third say
they would pay for it with credit cards or emergency savings both at 35
percent-followed by cash at 32 percent.
(2) The survey also found that nearly half (48 percent) of Americans admit
that they are living paycheck to paycheck. The main reasons people believe
they are living paycheck to paycheck are due to credit card debt (24 percent),
employment struggles (22 percent), and mortgage/rent payments (18
percent). Compounding the uneasiness, over three quarters (78 percent) say
something causes them financial stress. Saving money (53 percent) tops the
list, followed by managing debt (44 percent).
(3) "Get debt under control" says Paul Golden (a spokesman for NEFE). "Take
a hard look at what you owe. If there's a clear warning sign of too much debt.
take action. Set a goal to reduce your debt load next year by 5 to 10 percent.
That might mean reducing impulse shopping. Six in 10 people admit they
purchase on impulse and 80 percent of those regret purchases afterwards.
When you face temptation, walk away for at least 30 minutes and see if you
still want it and it's a good idea".
36. How do most Americans deal with unexpected costs?
‫كيف يتعامل معظم الأمريكيين مع التكاليف غير المتوقعة؟‬
(A) They borrow from family and friends.
(B) They use credit or savings.
(C) They find additional jobs.
(D) They suffer from stress.
37. Why does the writer use the word also in Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "أيضا" في البرقراف‬
(A) to give an example of the survey results
(B) to show a list of answers reported in the survey
(C) to give more information about the survey results
297
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) to show different results from those reported before

38. Which expression can we use to replace the expression due to in
Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هو التعبير الذي يمكننا استخدامه لاستبدال التعبير "بسبب" في البرقراف‬
(A) however
(B) although
(C) meanwhile
(D) because of
39. How does the writer feel about unnecessary shopping?
‫كيف يشعر الكاتب حيال التسوق غير الضروري؟‬
(A) He believes it has a negative effect.
(B) He believes it has a positive effect.
(C) He believes it CAN'T be avoided.
(D) He is not sure if its effect is positive or negative.
40. What does the writer say about personal debts in Paragraph (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ماذا يقول الكاتب عن الديون الشخصية في البرقراف‬
(A) There are different types.
(B) They should be dealt with carefully.
(C) They can cause various family problems.
(D) They should be reduced by 30 % every year.
Passage 8

(1) A mysterious, orange, sticky gel, found on the beaches of Kivalina, a village
situated on the Alaskan coast between Kotzebue and Point Hope, was
recently the source of much interest. Many people thought that the sticky gel
was some strange compound that had spread as a result of a chemical
reaction. Others had more far-fetched ideas about the substance's origins
ranging from aliens to volcanic remains.
(2) Scientists at an Alaskan laboratory have been busy analyzing the unknown
substance. They have concluded that it is a formation of microscopic eggs.
One of the scientists said that there are traces of oil in the eggs, and this is
what is causing the strange, orange color.
(3) The scientists have discovered that the eggs belong to a small invertebrate
- a spineless animal, but they have not been able to identify the exact species.

298
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

41. The word far-fetched in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………….

.......... ‫) هي الأقرب إلى المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "بعيد المنال" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) difficult to believe
(B) easy to believe
(C) definite
(D) clear
42. The word it in Paragraph (2) refers to ………….
............ ‫) إلى‬2( ‫تشير الكلمة الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) traces of oil
(B) a microscope
(C) the unknown substance
(D) one of Alaska's laboratories
43. According to Paragraph (2), the gel is orange in color because it ……..
...............‫) يكون الجل برتقالي اللون لأنه‬2( ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
(A) is microscopic
(B) contains eggs
(C) contains oil
(D) is sticky

Passage 9
Psychoanalysis
What are the aims and methods of psychoanalysis?
(1) Although most of today's therapists do not practice therapy as Sigmund
Freud did, his psychoanalytic techniques survive. Psychoanalysis is part of our
modem vocabulary, and its assumptions influence many other therapies.
(2) Psychoanalysis assumes that many psychological problems are fueled by
childhood's residue of supposedly repressed impulses and conflicts.
Psychoanalysts try to bring these repressed feelings into conscious awareness,
where the patient can deal with them. By gaining insight into the origins of
the disorder - by fulfilling the ancient imperative to know thyself" in a deep
way - the patient "works through" the buried feelings. The theory presumes
that healthier, less anxious living becomes possible when patients release the
energy they had previously devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts.
299
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Methods
(3) Psychoanalysis is historical reconstruction. Its goal is to unearth the past in
hope of unmasking the present. But how?
(4) When Freud discarded hypnosis as unreliable, he turned to free
association. Imagine yourself as a patient using the free association
technique. The analyst invites you to relax, perhaps by lying on a couch. He or
she will probably sit out of your line of vision, helping you focus attention on
your internal thoughts and feelings. Beginning with a childhood memory, a
dream, or a recent experience, you say aloud whatever comes to your mind
from moment to moment. It sounds easy, but soon you notice how often you
edit your thoughts as you speak, omitting material that seems trivial,
irrelevant, or shameful. Even in the safe presence of the analyst, you may
pause momentarily before uttering an embarrassing thought. You may make
a joking remark or change the subject to something less threatening.
Sometimes your mind may go blank or you may find yourself unable to
remember important details.
(5) To the psychoanalyst, these blocks in the flow of your free associations
indicate resistance. They hint that anxiety lurks and that you are repressing
sensitive material. The analyst will want to explore these sensitive areas by
making you aware of your resistances and by interpreting their underlying
meaning. The analyst's interpretations - suggestions of underlying wishes,
feelings, and conflicts - aim to provide people with insight. If offered at the
right moment, the analyst's interpretation - of, say, your not wanting to talk
about your mother - may illuminate what you are avoiding. You may then
discover what your resistances mean and how they fit with other pieces of
your psychological puzzle.
(6) Freud believed that another clue to repressed impulses is your dreams'
hidden content. Thus, after inviting you to report a dream, the analyst may
offer a dream analysis, suggesting its hidden meaning.
(7) During many such sessions you will probably disclose more of yourself to
your analyst than you have ever revealed to anyone. Because psychoanalytic
theory emphasizes the formative power of childhood experiences, much of
what you reveal will pertain to your earliest memories. You will also probably
find yourself experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for your
300
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

analyst. Such feelings may express the dependency or mingled love and
anger that you earlier experienced toward family members or other important
people in your life. When this happens, Freud would say you are actually
transferring your strongest feelings from those other relationships to the
analyst. Analysts and other therapists believe that this transference exposes
long-repressed feelings, giving you a belated chance to work through them
with your analyst's help. By examining your feelings toward the analyst, you
may also gain insight into your current relationships.
(8) Note how much of psychoanalysis is built on the assumption that
repressed memories exist. That assumption is now questioned. This challenge
to an assumption that is basic to so much of professional and popular
psychology is provoking intense debate.
(9) Critics also say that psychoanalysts' interpretations are hard to refute. If, in
response to the analyst's suggested interpretation, you say, "Yes! I see now",
your acceptance confirms the analyst's interpretation If you emphatically say,
"No! That doesn't ring true," your denial may be taken to reveal more
resistance, which would also confirm the interpretation Psychoanalysts
acknowledge that it's hard to prove or disprove their interpretations. But they
insist that interpretations often are a great help to patients.
(10) Traditional psychoanalysis is slow and expensive. It requires up to several
years of several sessions a week with a highly trained and well-paid analyst.
(Three times a week for just two years at $100 or more per hour comes to
about $30,000.) Only those with a high income can afford such treatment.
(11) Although there are relatively few traditional psychoanalysts,
psychoanalytic assumptions influence many therapists, especially those who
make psychodynamic assumptions. Psychodynamic therapists try to
understand patients' current symptoms by exploring their childhood
experiences, they probe for supposed repressed, emotion-laden information.
They seek to help people gain insight into the unconscious roots of problems
and work through newly resurrected feelings. Although influenced by Frend’s
psychoanalysis, these therapists may talk to people face to face (rather than
out of the line of vision), once a week (rather than several times weekly), and
for only a few weeks or months (rather than several years).

301
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

44. According to psychoanalysis, what two things from childhood feed

psychological problems? ‫ ما الشيئين من الطفولة الذين‬، ‫حسب التحليل النفسي‬
‫يغذيان المشاكل النفسية؟‬
(A) repressed impulses and internal thoughts
(B) repressed impulses and conflicts
(C) internal thoughts and dependency
(D) dependency and conflicts
45. What two things can psychoanalysis begin with? ‫بأي شيئين يمكن أن يبدأ‬
‫التحليل النفسي بهما؟‬
(A) an embarrassing thought or joke.
(B) an embarrassing thought or dream.
(C) a childhood memory or joke.
(D) a childhood memory or dream.
46. What are two characteristics of traditional psychoanalysis?
‫ما هي سمتان من سمات التحليل النفسي التقليدي؟‬
(A) slow and expensive
(B) slow and shameful
(C) shameful and trivial
(D) trivial and expensive

Passage 10
Desert Biomes
(1) Deserts are some of the most widespread yet explored biomes. They cover
about 1/3 of the earth's surface and are found in 60 of the world's nations.
The largest hot desert biome (the Sahara) stretches over 3.5 million square
miles or 9 million square kilometers, However, Antarctica, which is a polar
desert, is the largest desert overall. Many people assume that deserts cannot
support any form of life, but they actually house about 4,000 different plants
and animal species. Since desert biomes receive little precipitation per year,
the conditions are very hostile for plants and animals.
(2) A desert biome is a collection of habitats that develop in arid (dry)
environments as a result of little rainfall (50cms per year) or no rainfall at all.
Desert biomes are classified into four, with each having its own unique
features, yet sharing great similarities regarding living and nonliving
302
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

composition. They include hot and dry deserts, semi-arid deserts, coastal
deserts and cold deserts. In the midst of these 4 deserts exist numerous
deserts in many areas across the globe.
(3) The Australian deserts consist of a collection of lowland arid eco-regions
in the heartland of Australia. They are hardly inhabited, and their average
population density is lower than one person per square kilometer. Of all the
deserts in the world, Australian deserts have the lowest human population, by
far.
(4) The Afrotropic desert biomes are located in Sub Saharan Africa, including
the southern fringe of the Arabian Peninsula. The biome receives a lot of
pressure from humans, particularly in Madagascar and the Home of Africa.
(5) The Indo-Malay region consists of two hot lowlands including the Indus
Valley and the Thar. These deserts top the world's deserts when it comes to
human footprint.
(6) The Nearctic deserts cover an estimated area of 1.04 million square miles
in North America. Due to the expansion of urban conurbations like Phoenix in
the U. S. their average population is relatively high

47. What two phrases does the writer use to say that deserts have few
people?
‫ما هي العبارتان اللتان يستخدمهما الكاتب ليقول إن الصحاري بها عدد قليل من الناس؟‬
(A) hostile; cannot support life
(B) arid; nonliving composition
(C) unexplored; hardly inhabited
(D) population density; human footprint
48. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي مما يلي يعتبر حقيقة؟‬
(A) Deserts have extreme temperatures and are hardly inhabited.
(B) Deserts have low precipitation and CANNOT support life.
(C) Deserts are arid and far from water.
(D) Deserts are large and support a variety of species.
49. What can we understand about desert species? ‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم عن‬
‫الأنواع الصحراوية؟‬
(A) They can survive with little water.
(B) They like extreme temperatures.
303
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C) They move with the seasons.

(D) They are dying out.
50. What can we understand about the Australian and the Nearctic deserts?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه عن الصحاري الأسترالية والقطبية القريبة؟‬
(A0 The Nearctic deserts are larger.
(B) The Nearctic deserts have more people.
(C) The Australian deserts are hotter and drier.
(D) The Australian deserts have fewer species.

Passage 11
Soviet Economy under Stalin
1) When Stalin came to power, he imposed government control over the Soviet
Union's economy. In the past, said Stalin, Russia had suffered because of its
economic backwardness. In 1928, he proposed the first of several ‘five-year
plans' aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing
farm output. He brought all economic activity under government control. The
government owned all business and distributed all resources. The Soviet Union
developed a command economy, in which government officials made all basic
economic decisions. By contrast, in a capitalist system, the free market
determines most economic decisions. Privately owned businesses compete to
win the customer's choice.
Mixed Results in Industry
2) Stalin's five-year plans set high production goals, especially for heavy industry
and transportation. The government pushed workers and managers to meet
these goals by giving bonuses to those who succeeded - and by punishing those
who did not. Between 1928 and 1939, larger factories, hydroelectric power
stations and huge industrial complexes rose across the Soviet Union. Oil, coal
and steel production grew. Mining expanded, and new railroads were built.
3) Despite the impressive progress in some areas, Soviet workers had little to show
for their efforts. Some former peasants did become skilled factory workers or
managers. Overall, though, the standard of living remained low. Central planning
was often inefficient, causing shortages in some areas and surpluses in others.
Many managers, concerned only with meeting production targets, turned out
large quantities of low-quality goods. Consumer products such as clothing.
304
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

51. What does Paragraph (1) say about the aim of the five-year plans?
(A) The goal was to develop government control.
(B) The goal was to improve the Soviet economy.
(C) The goal was to create a free market economy.
(D) The goal was to increase business competition.
52. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) poverty in the Soviet Union during Stalin's rule
(B) why the command economy is the best economic system
(C) the successes of the American economic system
(D) the effect of five-year plans on the Soviet economy
53. Which of the following statements about production goals does
Paragraph (2) support?
(A) Goals were set high but not met.
(B) Goals were met only when bonuses were given.
(C) Goals led to major development in most industries.
(D) Goals led to arguments between managers and workers.

54. What does Paragraph (3) say about Soviet workers?

(A) They earned fair wages.
(B) They produced low quality goods.
(C) Their managers were very hard on them.
(D) Their standard of living did NOT improve.
55. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (3)?
(A) Overall though, the standard of living remained low.
(B) Wages were low and workers were forbidden to strike.
(C) Despite the impressive progress in some areas, Soviet workers had little to
show for their efforts.
(D) Many managers, concerned only with meeting production targets, turned
out large quantities of low-quality goods

305
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 12
Viruses
(1) Some illnesses are caused by bacteria. Bacteria are alive:
They're very small — you can't see them without a microscope — but they take
in nutrients, reproduce and die. Viruses can make copies of themselves only by
hijacking the cells of the creatures they infect. When the flu virus is outside of
your body – lurking on a doorknob, for instance — it's dead by any definition.
But once inside your body, it shows many of the characteristics of life. Viruses
might even be the descendants of living organisms that shed seemingly
necessary traits to live more efficiently (with a little help from our cells).
(2) "Most viruses have molecules — genes and proteins —like us and other live
beings. However, they need another living being to make these proteins," says
Jordi Paps, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Essex in England.
(3) Some researchers point out that many organisms including such parasites
as tapeworms that can live in your gut — need hosts to feed them and help
them reproduce. Viruses aren't so different.
(4) However, chers say that all organisms, parasites or not, can make proteins
by themselves, but viruses can't, so this is why they do not consider them alive,
Paps says.
(5) Other scientists see it differently. “Viruses can be regarded similar to 'seeds'
of plants”, says Gustavo Caetano-Anollés of the University of Illinois. “Some
seeds appear dead, and you can keep them for years without anything
happening to them until the plant starts growing."

56. What idea do the words "with a little help from our cells" repeat?
(A) Viruses need a host to live.
(B) Viruses can only infect humans.
(C) Viruses cooperate with living organisms.
(D) Viruses are the descendants of living organisms.
57. What can we understand from Paragraph (1) about viruses?
(A) They are the same as bacteria.
(B) They can be seen with a microscope.
(C) They can be alive when they are outside of a host.
(D) They are only alive when they are inside of a host.
306
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

58. Which of the following is a fact?

(A) All viruses can live outside of their hosts.
(B) All viruses have molecules and are alive.
(C) Viruses need hosts to live and reproduce.
(D) Viruses can make proteins by themselves.
59- What is the difference between scientists who believe viruses are dead
and those who disagree?
(A) Scientists who believe viruses are dead say viruses are an ancient form of
bacteria.
(B) Scientists who believe viruses are dead say viruses CANNOT produce their
own proteins.
(C) Scientists who believe viruses are dead say viruses CANNOT rely on hosts
to make proteins.
(D) Scientists who believe viruses are dead say viruses are like seeds that grow
and reproduce.
60. What can we understand from Paragraph (4) about parasites?
(A) They are unable to produce their own proteins.
(B) They make proteins only when it is necessary.
(C) They are considered living organisms.
(D) They need a host to survive.

307
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 26
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on
us!" Mike's arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He
didn't even stop to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept
coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked
shoulder to shoulder with the other smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only
thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful
enough, it would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to
make. Then they would have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his
face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too exhausted to move
because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head and
noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear.
A man was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was
brave only when he forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he
cared very much about the others with whom he was working.

21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because
………….
...........‫جدا بحيث لا يستطيع التحرك بسبب‬
ً ‫ كان مايك مره ًقا‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) He had sweat all over him.
(B) He was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) He had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves
…………
..........‫ علم بن مايك أن الشجاعة تعني‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) working with proper tools.
(B) avoiding fire hazards.
(C) losing one's courage.
(D) caring for others.
308
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to ………… ‫يشير الضمير في الفقرة‬
....... ‫) الى‬3(
(A) Ben.
(B) Mike.
(C) a fireman.
(D) a man.
Passage 2
Giant Panda
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The
Chinese government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant
pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they
may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old
female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born.
A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special
diet, and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to
teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda
Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel
comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of
Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The
teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both English
and Chinese.

24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese? ‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫مي لان اللغة الصينية؟‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers.
(B) so that she will feel at home in China.
(C) so that she can forget her English.
(D) so that she will like her new diet.
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أين كانت مي لان تعيش؟‬،)2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) in Sichuan, China.
(B) in Atlanta, Georgia.
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(C) in an American research center.

(D) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center.

Passage 3
Ozone ‫الاوزون‬
(1) Ozone is an undesirable secondary air pollutant in lower regions of the
atmosphere. In contrast, ozone in the upper region of the atmosphere, called
the stratosphere, has an important natural function. The ozone in the
stratosphere screens Earth from harmful ultraviolet light. Ozone forms in the
stratosphere through reactions of molecular oxygen that absorb radiation.
(2) Ozone molecules formed in the stratosphere absorb more than 90% of
ultraviolet radiation, including the higher energy ultraviolet light sometimes-
called UV-C and UV-B radiation. In this way, ozone serves to shield the lower
atmosphere and Earth's surface from a significant fraction of high-energy UV
light that is part of solar radiation. Ozone concentrations stay at relatively
fixed levels because ultraviolet light also decomposes ozone molecules to
reform oxygen molecules.
(3) The formation and decomposition of ozone produce a steady-state
concentration of ozone within the stratosphere. This layer or region of ozone
is sometimes called the ozonosphere, and a maximum concentration of about
10 ppm (parts per million) occurs in the stratosphere from 25 to 30 km in
altitude.
(4) Recent observations of the ozone layer using rocket, high-flying aircraft,
and satellites revealed that the ozone concentration is dramatically
decreasing, especially in the polar regions. This decrease in concentration is
called thinning of the ozone layer, and larger decreases are called "holes" in
the layer. The "holes" in the polar regions of Earth seem to vary with the
seasons. The hole over Antarctica is most widespread from September to
November, a time that corresponds to springtime in the southern
hemisphere, In Fall of 1998 the ozone hole over Antarctica was the largest
ever observed up to that time, "Holes" have also been observed over the
north pole and some industrialized regions of the northern hemisphere.
(5) A decrease in the ozone concentration allows more ultraviolet radiation to
reach the surface of Earth. This increase in radiation causes damage to
310
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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humans, other animals, plants, bacteria, and microscopic marine organisms

(phytoplankton and zooplankton). For each 1% decrease in the ozone layer,
there is a 2% increase in the UV radiation reaching Earth. It is estimated that a
2% increase in radiation may result in a 4% to 10% increase in basal-cell skin
cancer and an 8% to 20% increase in more serious squamous-cell skin cancer
but the significance of these effects is not known.
(6) The thinning of the ozone layer appears to be a result of human activity.
The chemical culprits are synthetic compounds containing chlorine, fluorine,
and carbon known as chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs (also known as Freons).
CFCs were developed in the 1930s. Over the years, they found use as coolant
gases in refrigerators and air conditioners, as propellant gases in aerosol cans,
as industrial solvents, and as foaming agents in plastic products like
Styrofoam and cushion materials. In the United States, they are no longer
used in aerosol cans and other uses are being phased out. Halons, which are
chemically similar to CFCs. find use in fire extinguishers and medical
anesthetics. Halons also affect the ozone layer.
(7) Most gaseous pollutants that enter the atmosphere have a natural sink.
The term sink refers to a long-term repository in the environment. A sink is
some place or chemical form in which a chemical ends up. Normally, a
pollutant is changed by some chemical reaction and is washed from the
atmosphere by the rain. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, for example, are
transformed to sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which are carried to Earth as acid
rain.
(8) One reason CFCs are used in products or as solvents is that they are very
chemically inert. They are chemically stable, are nontoxic, do not support
combustion, and are non-corrosive. Because CFCs are chemically inert and
have no environmental sink, they are destructive to the ozone.
26. What chemical is used in fire extinguishers?
‫ما هي المادة الكيميائية المستخدمة في طفايات الحريق؟‬
(A) CFCs
(B) Chlorine
(C) Halons
(D) Polymers

311
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27. What is another name for "Chlorofluorocarbons"?

‫ما هو الاسم الآخر لـ "مركبات الكربون الكلورية فلورية"؟‬
(A) freons
(B) acids
(C) sulfur
(D) halons
28. Around what percentage of Ultraviolet Radiation do ozone molecules
absorb in the stratosphere? ‫ما هي نسبة الإشعاع فوق البنفسجي التي تمتصها‬
‫جزيئات الأوزون في الستراتوسفير؟‬
(A) 90%
(B) 80%
(C) 20%
(D) 10%
Passage 4
Heat Transfer
(1) Heat is the exchange of thermal energy between a system and its
surroundings caused by a temperature difference. There is a distinction
between temperature and heat. Temperature is the measure of the thermal
energy of a sample of matter. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy.
(2) Thermal energy always flows from matter at higher temperatures to
matter at lower temperatures. For example, a hot cup of coffee transfers
thermal energy-as heat--to the lower temperature surroundings as it cools
down. Imagine a world where the cooler surroundings actually got colder as
they transferred thermal energy to the hot coffee, which got hotter. Such a
world exists only in our imaginations, because a transfer of heat from a hotter
object to a colder one is a fundamental principle in our universe--no
exception has ever been observed. Consequently, the thermal energy in the
molecules within the hot coffee distributes itself to the molecules in the
surroundings. The heat transfer from the coffee to the surroundings stops
when the two reach the same temperature, a condition called thermal
equilibrium. At thermal equilibrium, there is no additional net transfer of heat.

312
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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29. What is one important idea about heat transfer that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (2)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة حول انتقال الحرارة التي ذكرها الكاتب في‬
‫)؟‬2( ‫البرقراف‬
(A) heat transfer in a coffee cup
(B) measuring heat transfer
(C) end of heat transfer
(D) direction of heat transfer
30. What is one important point about heat that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي إحدى النقاط المهمة حول الحرارة التي ذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬
(A) Heat is not the same as temperature.
(B) Heat always behaves in the same way as it moves.
(C) Heat does NOT operate according to our imagination.
(D) Heat moves between liquids and the area around them.
31. What does the writer want to show by the example of a hot coffee cup?
‫ماذا يريد الكاتب أن يظهر بمثال فنجان قهوة ساخن؟‬
(A) the effect of heat on various materials.
(B) the main rule of heat transfer.
(C) the spread of heat energy in liquids.
(D) the relationship between heat and liquid type.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) the uses of heat in engineering.
(B) the technology of heat control.
(C) the movement of heat.
(D) the definition of heat.
Passage 5
Air Pollution ‫تلوث الهواء‬
(1) Air Pollution Air pollution describes the chemicals and gasses that enter
and cause harm to people, animals, and their environment. Two of the worst
types of pollution we experience in the world are outdoor air quality in cities
and indoor air Pollution. To solve the problem of air Pollution. It is necessary
to understand the causes and look for ways to fix them.
(2) Human activities have been the main causes of air Pollution, especially in
modern cities. To support a larger population, there is always a need for
313
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energy. Transportation, and industries, which result in the spread of harmful

chemicals into the air. In addition to outdoor air pollution, there is another
type of pollution. The air quality around and inside buildings and structures is
known as indoor air quality. Indoor air quality has a direct effect on the
comfort and health of the people inside a building. Some of the common
sources of indoor air pollution include chemicals and cleaning products used
in homes and offices.
(3) There are some simple things people can do to help keep the air around
them cleaner. For example, people can use less energy because the more we
use sources of energy, like electricity and gasoline, the more air Pollution we
create. People can ride a bicycle or walk.
33. What does Paragraph (1) say about air pollution? ‫) عن‬1( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
‫تلوث الهواء؟‬
(A) It requires complex solutions.
(B) It is caused by several sources.
(C) We need to understand its causes.
(D) We need to educate people about its effects.
34. Why does the writer use the words "In addition" in Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب عبارة "بالإضافة" في البرقراف‬
(A) to give more information about air pollution.
(B) o give an example of air pollution.
(C) to explain the result of air pollution.
(D) to explain the cause of air pollution.
35. How can we improve outdoor air pollution? ‫كيف يمكننا تحسين تلوث الهواء‬
‫الخارجي؟‬
(A) keeping windows open.
(B) riding bicycles.
(C) growing trees.
(D) stop using cleaning products.
36. Which word can we use to replace the words "for example" in Paragraph
(3)?
‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال الكلمات "على سبيل المثال" في‬
‫)؟‬3( ‫البرقراف‬
(A) Therefore
314
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(B) Although
(C) In particular
(D) For instance
37. What does the writer think about ordinary people reducing air pollution?
‫ما رأي الكاتب في قيام الناس العاديين بتقليل تلوث الهواء؟‬
(A) He believes that they cannot reduce air pollution.
(B) He believes that they can do little to reduce air pollution.
(C) He believes that they can reduce air pollution.
(D) He believes that they are interested in reducing air pollution.

Passage 6
Currencies ‫العملات‬
(1) If you travel abroad frequently, you'll know that the exchange rates are not
always the same. Sometimes you get more foreign currency for your U.S.
dollar and sometimes you get less. That's because, for most currencies, the
exchange rate - floats or moves with the market. This movement (in
relationship to the U.S. dollar) is a source of risk in doing business with other
countries. Even though a company may be doing well within its own borders,
currency risk can make it a bad investment when converted to American
dollars. Currency fluctuations can happen very quickly. And they can go up
and down many times in the course of a day.
(2) The fortunes of a currency depend on many of the factors used to assess
country risk but takes on the added complexity of how the country is doing
relative to other countries. Reports of increased inflation immediately lower
currency rates. Other factors that influence currency could be the actions of
the central bank of the country, such as when it raises or lowers interest rates.
Therefore, one important factor in assessing a country's economy is the
volatility of its currency as compared to the US dollar. It's not just the volatility
of the currency that is critical; the nation's political stability and how this
matter is seen by other countries is also a cause for fluctuation.
38. What happens because of reports of increased inflation?
‫ماذا يحدث بسبب تقارير زيادة التضخم؟‬
(A) Foreign relations get worse.

315
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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(B) The political stability gets worse.

(C) The currency becomes less valuable.
(D) Companies become bad investments.
39. What effect does the political situation have on the exchange rate?
‫ما هو تأثير الوضع السياسي على سعر الصرف؟‬
(A) It has NO effect.
(B) It causes fluctuations.
(C) It assesses the economy.
(D) It affects foreign relationships.
40. The word Reports in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……….
.........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬2( ‫كلمة "تقارير" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) Stories.
(B) Diaries.
(C) Magazines.
(D) Advertisements.
41. The word currency in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………..
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلي‬2( ‫كلمة "العملة" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) cash
(B) market
(C) cheque
(D) business
Passage 7

42. Which two fields extract and use the most water?
‫أي حقلين يستخرجان ويستخدمان أكبر قدر من المياه؟‬
(A) Agriculture and Energy.
316
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫‪(B) Agriculture and Industry.‬‬

‫‪(C) Domestic use and Industry.‬‬
‫‪(D) Agriculture and Domestic use.‬‬
‫?‪43. Which year will have the highest consumption of water for industry use‬‬
‫ما هي السنة التي سيكون فيها أعلى استهلاك للمياه للاستخدام الصناعي؟‬
‫‪(A) 2025‬‬
‫‪(B) 2015‬‬
‫‪(C) 2000‬‬
‫‪(D) 1975‬‬
‫‪Passage 8‬‬
‫)‪Solar and Wind Investments (2004-2012‬‬

‫أي عام يمثل أعلى ?‪44. Which year represents the highest wind investment‬‬
‫استثمار للرياح؟‬
‫‪(A) 2002‬‬
‫‪(B) 2004‬‬
‫‪(C) 2010‬‬
‫‪(D) 2012‬‬
‫أي سنة تمثل أقل ?‪45. Which year represents the lowest solar investment‬‬
‫استثمار للطاقة الشمسية؟‬
‫‪(A) 2004‬‬
‫‪(B) 2006‬‬
‫‪(C) 2011‬‬
‫‪(D) 2015‬‬

‫‪317‬‬
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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Passage 9
Avalanches
Avalanches are mass movements of snow and ice, they move very fast and
average speeds are 40/60 km/h, but speeds of up to 200 km/h have been
recorded in Japan, Loose avalanches, made of fresh snow, usually occur soon
after a large full of snow. By contrast, slab avalanches occur at a later date,
when the snow has developed some cohesion and unites together more, Slab
avalanches are usually much larger than loose avalanches and cause much
more destruction. They are often started by a sudden rise in temperature,
which causes melting. This lubricates the slab and makes it unstable. Many of
the avalanches occur in spring when the snowpack is large and temperatures
are rising. There is also a relationship between the number of avalanches and
altitude. For example, in the Swiss Alps most occur between 2000 meters and
2500 meters and there is diminished occurrence both higher up and lower
down.
46. The word slab in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………..
............ ‫كلمة "لوح" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) chunk
(B) altitude
(C) speed
(D) reduction
47. The word unites in the passage is closest in meaning to …………..
....... ‫كلمة "يوحد" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) relates
(B) appears
(C) collapse
(D) combines
48. The word unstable in the passage is closest in meaning to …………..
‫كلمة "غير مستقر" في المقطع هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى‬
(A) firm
(B) safe
(C) loose
(D) larger

318
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Passage 10
Emotions ‫المشاعر‬
(1) What comes to mind when you think of emotions? It's probably happiness,
sadness, or fear. Emotions such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear are
important emotions, but human emotional experience is vast which means
that people are capable of experiencing a wide variety of feelings.
(2) Let's consider what emotions do and when emotions happen. According
to functionalist theories of emotion, emotions help people manage important
tasks. Fear, for example, prepares the body to fight or flee; happiness rewards
achieving goals and builds attachments to other people, but what causes
emotions to happen in the first place? Although it usually feels like something
in the world causes an emotion, such as a good hug, emotion theories argue
that emotions most likely come from how we think about what is happening
in the world, not what is really happening. After all, if things in the world
directly caused emotions, everyone would always have the same emotion in
response to something. Interest, for example, may motivate a person to learn
something new, whereas it may not create a response in someone else.
(3) For instance, appraisal theories propose that each emotion is caused by a
group of appraisals, which are evaluations and judgments of what events in
the world mean for our goals and well-being. We ask ourselves, is this
relevant to me? Does it further or obstruct my goals? Can I deal with it or do
something about it? Did someone do it on purpose? Different emotions come
from different answers to these appraisal questions.
(4) In general, emotions play important roles in everyday challenges such as
responding to threats and building relationships. But emotions also help in
other, more intellectual challenges for humans. Compared with other animals,
we are born with little knowledge but have the potential for enormous
intelligence. Emotions such as surprise, interest, and confusion first signal that
something out of the ordinary has happened that deserves our attention.
They then motivate us to engage with the new things that strain our
understanding of the world and how it works. Emotions surely help us to fight
or flee, but I believe that more importantly, they aid in learning, exploring,
and reflecting.

319
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
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49. What can we understand from Paragraph (2) about a good hug?
‫) عن العناق الجيد؟‬2( ‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم من البرقراف‬
(A) It is likely the result of the two people involved feeling happy.
(B) Scientists argue it works as a reward for achieving a goal.
(C) It may cause different feelings in different people.
(D)Theories disagree over its emotional value.
50. How are functionalist theories of emotions different from appraisal
theories?
‫كيف تختلف النظريات الوظيفية للعواطف عن نظريات التقييم؟‬
(A) According to functionalist theories, emotions come from how we judge
what happens in the world.
(B) According to functionalist theories, emotions help us build relationships or
respond to threats.
(C) According to functionalist theories, events in the world cause emotions.
(D) According to functionalist theories, emotional intelligence is more
important than logical intelligence.
51. What idea does the word "relationships" in Paragraph (4) repeat?
‫)؟‬4( ‫ما هي الفكرة التي تكررها كلمة "علاقات" في البرقراف‬
(A) human emotional experience
(B) evaluations and judgments
(C) attachments to other people
(D) more intellectual challenges
52. Which of the following is the writer's opinion? ‫أي مما يلي رأي الكاتب؟‬
(A) People experience many emotions.
(B) People know very little at birth.
(C) Happiness and sadness are emotions.
(D) Emotions help us learn, explore, and reflect.
53. What can we understand from the passage about emotions?
‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم من القطعه عن العواطف؟‬
(A) Emotions may sometimes prevent us from achieving our goals.
(B) Emotions make us want to know more about the world around us.
(C) Scientists have decided there are seven basic types of emotions.
(D) The latest research has changed the way we now think about emotions.

320
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Passage 11
Passage A: Environmental Causes of Obesity
(1) Genetic factors are the forces inside you that cause you to gain weight and
stay overweight. On the other hand, environmental factors are the outside
forces that contribute to these problems. They include anything in our
environment that makes us more likely to eat too much or exercise too little.
Taken together, experts think that environmental factors are the driving force
for the causes of obesity and its dramatic rise.
(2) Environmental influences come into play very early in life, even before we
are born. Researchers believe that the environment surrounding babies
before they are born determines how they will develop later on in life. For
example, babies of mothers who smoked during pregnancy are more likely to
become overweight or develop a disease than those whose mothers did not
smoke.
(3) Childhood habits often stick with people for the rest of their lives. Kids
who drink sodas and other drinks that contain sugar and eat high calorie
foods develop a taste! for these products and continue eating them as adults,
these behaviors tend to promote weight gain. Similarly, kids who watch
television and play video games instead of being active may be programming
themselves for a sedentary future, which involves sitting down a lot rather
than moving around.
(4) In short, today's environment promotes obesity by encouraging us to eat
more and exercise less. There is also growing evidence that broader aspects
of the way we live - such as how much we sleep, our stress levels, and other
psychological factors can affect weight as well.
Passage B: The Food Factor in Obesity
(1) Today, Americans are eating more calories on average than they did in the
1970s. Experts believe that what is driving this trend is a combination of the
increased availability and bigger portions of higher calorie foods.
(2) Food is readily available practically everywhere we go -shopping centers,
sports stadiums, movie theaters. Today more Americans are eating outside
the home. For example, in 1970. Americans spent 27% of their food budget
on food they are outside the home; by 2006, that percentage had risen to
46%.
321
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(3) In the 1950s, fast-food restaurants offered one portion size. Today, portion
sizes have suddenly increased, a trend that has spread in many other types of
food, from cookies to sandwiches. For example, a single "supersized" meal
may contain 1,500-2.000 calories, which are equal to all the calories that most
people need for an entire day.
(4) This is important because research shows that people will often eat what is
in front of them, even if they are already full. We are also eating more high
calorie foods (especially salty snacks, soft drinks, and pizza), which are much
more readily available than lower calorie choices, like salads and whole fruits.
Research also shows that what children eat when they are younger will affect
what they will eat as they grow older. Children who eat fast-food are likely to
continue to eat this type A of food later on life, which would cause them
many health problems. Doctors are now encouraging parents to help their
children to develop healthy eating habits from a younger age in order to
avoid any future health complications.
54. What can we understand from passages A and B about children's eating
habits?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن عادات الأكل لدى الأطفال؟‬
(A) They are less healthy than they were in the past.
(B) They affect their eating habits as adults.
(C) They are linked to levels of activity.
(D) They usually improve as they get older.
55. What do passages A and B say about the cause of obesity?
‫ماذا تقول القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن سبب السمنة؟‬
(A) Bad eating habits cause obesity.
(B) Lack of exercise causes obesity.
(C) Stress factors cause obesity.
(D) Genetics cause obesity.
56. What can we understand from passages A and B about soft drinks?
‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن المشروبات الغازية؟‬
(A) They are more available than healthy drinks.
(B) Children drink them less than in the past.
(C) Children should avoid drinking them.
(D) They have increased in popularity over time.
322
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

57. What do passages A and B say about today's environment?

‫ماذا تقول القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن بيئة اليوم؟‬
(A) People exercise less.
(B) People are healthier.
(C) People eat a lot more.
(D) People have more stress.
Passage 12
Bees ‫النحل‬
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38)
and that they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and
work together to produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more
than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed
correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of
these amazing creatures may also have feelings and emotions similar to those
of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel.
In recent years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a
disturbing rate. Many explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees
are dying because of disease and pesticides. Others say it may be due to
pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for
humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world's crops depend
on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are
they scared, sad or depressed?

(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two
smells. After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the
other smell, they were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose
the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The
scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put in a stressful
situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in
danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells,
and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet

323
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste
good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These
bees had become “pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much
more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.

(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower
levels of the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean
that the feelings of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans
with mood disorders. This knowledge, along with further investigations into
bee behavior and "feelings" can hopefully be used to understand and remedy
their declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.

58. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
........‫) إلى‬1( ‫تشير عبارة "هذه المخلوقات المدهشة" في البرقراف‬
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59. Why are bees important to humans? ‫لماذا النحل مهم للبشر؟‬
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.

60. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
‫أي فقرة تصف كيف درب العلماء النحل؟‬
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

324
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 27
Passage 1
Giant Panda
1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to
China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan
Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in
Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment.
Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is
unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be
fluent in both English and Chinese.

21. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese? ‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫مي لان اللغة الصينية؟‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C)so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
22. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أين كانت مي لان تعيش؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
(B) in an American research center
(C) in Atlanta, Georgia
(D) in Sichuan China

325
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 2
Stars
(1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many
different colors. Some are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is
also shown when we take color photographs of the night sky. You can take
such a photograph with an ordinary camera as long as it is kept steady. A
thirty second exposure is sufficient.
(2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have
found that blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However,
there are a few stars which cannot be classified in this way. These are the
superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a blue superstar as big as 40.000 suns and
Beetlejuice is a superstar with a size equal to 17.000 suns.
(3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If
neither of them is a superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star
is closer. Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure
the brightness of a star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star's
distance from the earth it astronomers know the color, brightness and
whether or not it is a superstar.
23. The pronoun it in Paragraph (1) refers to the ……………………..
..............‫) يشير إلى‬1( ‫الضمير الوارد في البرقراف‬
(A) photograph
(B) exposure
(C) camera
(D) star
24. The word brighter in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ……………..
...........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬3( ‫كلمة "أكثر إشرا ًقا" في البرقراف‬
(A) more colorful
(B) more shiny
(C) smaller
(D) larger
25. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
‫أي من الألوان التالية لم يرد ذكره في القطعه؟‬
(A) green
326
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(B) yellow
(C) blue
(D) red

Passage 3
Computers through the 1970s and 1980s
1975
(1) The first commercially available microcomputer, the Altair 880, is the first
computer to be called a "personal computer.” It has 64km of memory and an
open 100line bus structure. Selling for about $400, the Altair 880 comes in a
kit to be assembled by the user.
Two young college students, Paul Allen and Bill Gates, unveil the BASIC
language interpreter for the Altair computer.
1976
(2) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak build the Apple I computer. It is less
powerful than the Altair, but it is also less expensive and less complicated.
1977
(3) The Apple II computer is unveiled. It comes already assembled in a case,
with a built-in keyboard. Users must plug in their own TVs for monitors. Fully
assembled microcomputers hit the general market, with Radio Shack,
Commodore, and Apple all selling models.
1978
(4) Intel releases the 8086 microprocessors, a 16-bit chip that sets a new
standard for power, capacity, and speed in microprocessors.
1979
(5) Intel introduces the 8088-microprocessor featuring 16-bit internal
architecture and an 8-bit external bus.
Motorola introduces the 68000-chip used in early Macintosh computers
Micropro International introduces WordStar, the commercially successful
processing program for IBM-compatible microcomputers.

327
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

1980
(6) IBM chooses Microsoft to provide the operating system for its upcoming
PC Microsoft purchases a program developed by Seattle Computer Products
called Q-DOS and modifies it to run on IBM hardware.
1981
(7) IBM introduces the IBM-PC, with a 4.77 MHZ Intel 8088 CPU. 16KB of
memory. a keyboard and monitor for price lag of $2.495 Xerox Unveils the
Xerox Star computer its high price dooms the computer to commercial
failure, but its features inspire a whole new direction in computer design. Its
little box on wheels (the first mouse) can execute commands on screen.
1982
(8) AutoCAD, a program for designing 2-D and 3-D objects is released.
AutoCAD will go on to revolutionize the architecture and engineering
industries Work begins of the development of TCP/IP. The term internet is
used for the first time to describe the worldwide network of computers.
1983
(9) Apple introduces the l.isa, the first commercial computer with a purely
graphical operating system and mouse. The industry is excited, but Lisa's
$10.000 price tag discourages buyers.
1984
(10) Adobe systems release its PostScript system, allowing printers to produce
crisp print in a number of typefaces, as well elaborate graphical images. Apple
introduces the friendly Macintosh microcomputer and satellite Software
international introduces the WordPerfect word processing program.
1985
(11) Aldus release PageMaker for the Macintosh, the first desktop publishing
software for microcomputers Microsoft announces the Windows 1.0
Operating environment, featuring the first graphical user interface for PCs.
1986
(12) IBM delivers the PC convertible. IBM'S first laptop computer and the first
el-based computer with a 3.5inch floppy disk drive. Microsoft sells its first
public stock for $21 per share, raising $61 million in the initial public offering.

328
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

1987
(13) The Macintosh II computer aimed at the desktop publishing market is
introduced by Apple. It features an SVGA monitor.
1988
(14) Apple Computer files the single biggest lawsuit in the computer industry
against Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard. Claiming copyright infringement of its
operating system A virus called the "Internet Worm" is released on the
internet, disabling about ten percent of all Internet host computers.
1989
(15) Tim Berners-Lee develops software around the hypertext concept.
Enabling users to click on a word or phrase in a document and jump either to
another location within the document or another file with the doc or to
another file. This software provides the foundation for the development of
the World Wide Web, and it is the basis for the first Web browsers.
26. What is the name of the first personal computer? ‫ما هو اسم أول جهاز‬
‫كمبيوتر شخصي؟‬
(A) Altair 880
(B) BASIC
(C) Apple I
(D) Dell
27. Which company purchased the Q-DOS program?
‫ ما هي الشركة التي اشترت برنامج‬Q-DOS‫؟‬
(A) Apple
(B) IBM
(C) Microsoft
(D) Hewlett Packard
28. In which year was the Macintosh II introduced? ‫في أي عام تم تقديم‬
‫؟‬2 ‫ماكنتوش‬
(A) 1977
(B) 1978
(C) 1980
(D) 1987

329
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 4
Using taxes to change social behavior
(1) Taxes can be used to change people's behavior and are often used to
reduce the amount of demerit goods people buy. Demerit goods are
products which can cause negative effects in an economy. Cigarette smoking
is one example and taxing smokers should, in theory, reduce the demand for
cigarettes. Taxes are also used to protect the natural environment by
charging those who pollute or damage it. For example, countries such as the
UK and China tax cars based on the engine size because vehicles with larger
engines tend to cause more pollution.
(2) Another example is the tax on plastic bags. Before July 2009, Hong Kong
used an average of 30 million plastic bags every day! For quite a small
population of 7 million people, this meant the average person in Hong Kong
was using more than four plastic bags every day, often just using each plastic
bag once only. This amazing figure meant that the country's landfills would
be unable to cope with the bags when they were thrown away.
(3) Hong Kong's introduction of a small tax (6.5 US cents) on the use of plastic
bags has encouraged people to use recycled shopping bags. In fact, demand
for plastic bags fell by 85 percent within the first 2 days of the tax being
introduced. This follows similar moves made by other countries such as China
(in 2007) and Ireland in 2002).
29. What is one important idea related to demerit goods mentioned in
Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالسلع السلبية المذكورة في البرقراف‬
(A) the environment
(B) taxes
(C) behavior
(D) engine size
30. Which two countries put higher taxes on cars with larger engines?
‫أي دولتين تفرضان ضرائب أعلى على السيارات ذات المحركات الأكبر؟‬
(A) Hong Kong and Ireland
(B) The UK and Hong Kong
330
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C) The UK and China

(D) China and Ireland
31. What important idea related to plastic bags is mentioned in Paragraphs (2)
and (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫) و‬2( ‫ما هي الفكرة المهمة المتعلقة بالأكياس البلاستيكية الواردة في البرقرافين‬
(A) Hong Kong followed the examples of other countries.
(B) The tax was introduced in Hong Kong in July 2009.
(C) The tax worked almost immediately in Hong Kong.
(D) Hong Kong has a population of 7 million people.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) More countries should follow the examples of Hong Kong, China and
Ireland.
(B) Taxes help change people's behavior and protect the environment.
(C) Demerit goods are generally bad for a country's economy.
(D) Good ideas are usually copied by other countries.

Passage 5
Financial Crash
(1) From the mid-1990s, financial institutions were putting more and more
money into new kinds of very risky investments. Some of these investments
are very difficult to understand, but the particular investments are a less
important factor than the technique called leverage that was (and is used to
make those investments.
(2) So what is leverage? In essence, it just refers to the practice of borrowing
money to make an investment. To see how it works and to see both how
attractive it can seem and how extremely risky it is, let's compare leverage
with an old-fashioned investment. Say you have $20,000 to invest in property.
You buy land worth $20,000. Over a period of time its market value increases
by 10%. You make $2,000. In the old days you might have been happy with
that. $2,000 is nice, but more would be better, wouldn't it? So why not
leverage?

331
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(3) If you have $20,000, you should be able to persuade a financial institution
to lend you a lot more. Let's say you are loaned 19 times your original
amount, making the total sum $400,000. Wow! So, you invest $400,000 in
property. The value increases by 10%. You sell the property and count your
profits and find that you have made $40,000. Instead of the 10% profit you
would have made with the old-fashioned technique, you have made 200%!!
Of course, you have to pay interest on the money you borrowed, and that
might cut your profits in half, but 100% profit ($20,000) is still way, way better
than 10% ($2,000).
33. What does Paragraph (2) say about old-fashioned investments?
‫) عن الاستثمارات القديمة؟‬2( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
(A) They are an older leverage technique.
(B) They include a minimum investment of $20,000.
(C) They used to increase by 200% before the 1990s.
(D) They receive lower returns than leveraged investments.
34. How did leverage solve the issue of low investment returns?
‫كيف حلت الرافعة المالية مشكلة انخفاض عوائد الاستثمار؟‬
(A) It increased the value of investments by $40,000.
(B) It allowed people to borrow more money to invest.
(C) It helped people to find the best locations to invest in.
(D) It promised loans up to 19 times the amount a person had to invest.
35. Why does the writer use the word Instead in Paragraph (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "بدلا من ذلك" في البرقراف‬
(A) to give more information about old-fashioned investments
(B) to show that investments made using leverage can gain greater profits
(C) to give an example of how using leverage was a bad investment
technique
(D) to show that you had to make old-fashioned investments before you can
use leverage promised loans up to 19 times the amount a person had to
invest.
36. Which word can we use to replace the word So in Paragraph (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لتحل محل كلمة "لذا" في البرقراف‬
(A) Particularly
(B) Though
332
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C) Although
(D) Afterwards
37. What does the writer think about old-fashioned investment?
‫ما رأي الكاتب في الاستثمار القديم؟‬
(A) He thinks it was only popular in the 1990s.
(B) He thinks it can only be used to invest in property.
(C) He thinks it is good, but financial institutions dislike it.
(D) He thinks it is good, but leverage you a better return.

Passage 6
Increase in life expectancy
(1) The life expectancy is the average age to which a newborn baby can be
expected to live. In Europe between 1830 and 1900 the life expectancy was
40-50 years. Between 1900 and 1950 it rose to 65 and now it is 73-74 years. In
central Africa, life expectancy was rising to 58 years until the AIDS epidemic
caused it to fall back to about 45 years.

(2) These figures are averages. They do not mean, for example, that everyone
in the developing world will live to the age of 58. In the developing world,
40% of the deaths are of children younger than 5 years and only 25 - 30% are
deaths of people over 60. In Europe's, only 5 - 20% of deaths are those of
children below the age of 5, but 70-80% are of people over 60.

(3) An increase in the number of people over the age of 60 does not change
the rate of population growth much, because these people are past the age
when they can have children. On the other hand, if the death rate among
children falls and the extra children survive to have children of their own, then
the population will continue to grow. This is the chief reason for the rapid
population growth in the developing world since 1950.

38. What did AIDS lead to in central Africa? ‫ما الذي أدى إليه مرض الإيدز في‬
‫إفريقيا الوسطى؟‬
(A) A drop in the population growth rate.
(B) A drop in the average expected life time.

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(C) A drop in the number of babies born alive.

(D) A drop in the health of children under the age of 5.
39. What can cause growth in population rate? ‫ما الذي يمكن أن يسبب النمو في‬
‫معدل السكان؟‬
(A) an increase in numbers of 74-year-old people
(B) an increase in numbers of women over 45 who have children
(C) an increase in numbers of people living until the age of 60
(D) an increase in numbers of young people living and having children
40. The word rapid in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to …………….
.............. ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3( ‫كلمة "سريع" في البرقراف‬
(A) low
(B) quick
(C) normal
(D) average
41. The word chief in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to …………….
............ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3( ‫كلمة "رئيسي" في البرقراف‬
(A) simple
(B) only
(C) main
(D) strange
Passage 7

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42. What was the lowest number of paid holidays for any city?
‫ما هو أقل عدد من الإجازات مدفوعة الأجر في أي مدينة؟‬
(A) 4.2 days
(B) 6.1 days
(C) 8.0 days
(D) 9.7 days
Passage 8
Muscle and Nerve Tissue
1) Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction. When muscle cells contract,
they shorten and bring about some type of movement. There are three
types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. The movements each
can produce have very different purposes.
Skeletal muscle
2) Skeletal muscle may also be called striated muscle or voluntary muscle. .
Each one describes particular aspect of this tissue, as you will see. The
skeletal muscles cells are cylindrical have several nuclei each, and appear
striated or striped. The striations are the result of the precise arrangement
of the contracting proteins within the cells, skeletal muscle tissue makes up
the muscle that are attached to bones. These muscles are supplied with
motor nerves, and this move the skeleton. They also produce a significant
amount of heat, which is important to help maintain the body's constant
temperature. Each muscle cell has its own motor nerve ending. The nerve
impulses that can then travel to the muscles are essential to cause
contraction. Although we do not have to consciously, plan all our
movements. The nerve impulses for them originate in the cerebration. The
"thinking" part of the brain. Let us return to the three names for this tissue
"skeletal" describes its location, "striated" describes its appearance, and
"voluntary" describes how it functions.
Smooth Muscle
3) Smooth muscle may also be called involuntary muscle or visceral muscle.
The cells of smooth muscle have tapered ends, a single nucleus. and no

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striations. Although nerve impulses do bring about contractions, this is not

something most of us can control, once the name involuntary. The rerun
visceral refers to internal organs, many of which contain smooth muscle.
The function of smooth muscle are actually functions of the organs in
which muscle is found in the smooth and infections, smooth muscle
contracts in waves called peristalsis to propel food through the digestive
tract. In the walls of arteries and values, smooth muscle constricts or
dilates the velars to maintain normal blood pressure. The inks of the eye
have two types of smooth muscle. There to constrict or dilates the pupil
which regulates the amount of light that strikes the retime. Other functions
of smooth muscle are mentioned in later chapters. This is an important
time that you will come across again and again in our study of the injured
body.
Cardiac muscle
4) The cells of the heart, cardiac muscle, are branched have one muscles
each, and have faint serration. The cell membranes at the ends of these
cells are somewhat folded and fit into matching folds of the membranes of
the next cells. (Interlock the fingers of both hands to get an idea of what
these adjacent members look like.)
These interlocking folds are called intercalated discs, and permit the electrical
impulses of muscle confection to pass swiftly from cell to cell. This enables the
heart to beat in a very perceive wave of contractions from the upper
chambers to the lower chambers. cardiac muscle as a whom is called the
myocardium, and forms the walls of the four chambers of the heart. Its
function. Therefore, is the function of the heart, to bump blood. The
contractions of the myocardium create blood pressure and keep blood
circulating throughout the body, so that the blood can carry out its many
functions. Cardiac muscle cells have the ability to contract by themselves.
Thus, the heart maintains its own beat. The rule of nerve impasses is to
increase or decrease the heart rate, depending upon whatever is needed by
the body in the particular situation.
Nerve Tissue
5) Nerve tissue consists of nerve cells called neurons and some specialized cells
found only in the nervous system. The nervous system has two divisions: the
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central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The
brain and spinal cord are the organs of the CNS. They are made of nervous and
specialized cells called neuroglia. the PNS consistencies of all the nerves that
energy from the CNS and supply the rest of the body. there nerves are made of
neurons and specialized cells called Schwann cells. the Schwann cells form
myelin sheaths to electrically instate nervous. Nervous are capable of generating
and transmuting electrochemical impulses. There are carry different kinds of
nervous. but they all have the same basic structure. The cell body contains the
muscles and is essential for the continuing life of the nervous. An axon is a
process (the name “process” here means “something that sticks cell.” a cellular
extension) that carries impulses away from the cell body. Its neuron has only one
axon. Dendrites into processes that carry impulses forward the cell body, a
neuron may have several dendrites. A nerve impulse travels along the cell
membrane of a nervous and is electrical. But where nervous need there is a small
space called synapse. Which an electrical imputes cannot cross. At a synapse,
between the axon of the neuron and the dendrite of cell body of the next
neuron, impales transmission depends upon chemicals called neurotransmitters.
43. What are two other muscle names for skeletal muscle?
‫ما هما الاسمان الآخران لعضلة الهيكل العظمي؟‬
(A) striated and voluntary.
(B) striated and striped.”
(C) voluntary and striped.
(D) contracting and striated.
44. What are two other names for smooth muscle? ‫ما هما الاسمان الآخران‬
‫للعضلة الملساء؟‬
(A) tapered and internal.
(B) internal and visceral.
(C) involuntary and internal.
(D) involuntary and visceral.
45. What are two divisions of the nervous system? ‫ما هما القسمان من الجهاز‬
‫العصبي؟‬
(A) central and insulate
(B) central and peripheral
(C) insulate and peripheral
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(D) specialized and insulate

Passage 9
Automation
The principal benefit of supermarket automation is inventory control. The
computer has a comprehensive record of each item sold as well as a record
of the quantity still in stock. Once this information is in the computer's
memory, it is a simple matter to have the computer printout daily a list of
those items that have gone below a predetermined number and, so, need to
be reordered. In effect, the responsibility of having to decide whether to
reorder each of perhaps 8,000 products is taken from the store manager, who
cannot accurately analyze every one of the 8,000 situations simultaneously,
and is given to a system ideally suited for such routine decision-making.
46. The word comprehensive in the passage is closest in meaning to……………
..........‫كلمة "شامل" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) complete
(B) average
(C) global
(D) universal
47. The word ideally in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………
............. ‫كلمة "مثالي" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) elegantly
(B) correctly
(C) mentally
(D) perfectly
Passage 10
Hyperinflation
(1) Because Germany had no goods to trade after its defeat in WW1, the
Weimar government simply printed money. For Weimar government leaders
this seemed an attractive solution. It paid off its debts in the failing German
currency, the mark, including war loans of over €2200 million. The great
industrialists were able to pay of all their debts as well.

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(2) This set off a chain reaction. With so much money in circulation prices
and wages rocketed, but people soon realized that this money was useless.
Workers needed trolleys to carry home their pay. Wages began to be paid
daily instead of weakly. The price of goods could rise between joining the
back of a queue in a shop and Teaching the front!
(3) While you might think that the poor suffered most, some historians argue
that the greatest casualties were middle-class Germans - those with saving A
prosperous middle-class family would find that their savings in the bank,
which might have bought them a house in 1921. by 1923 would not even buy
a loaf of bread. Pensioners found that their previously adequate monthly
pension would not even buy a cup of coffee.
(4) It was clear to all, both inside and outside Germany, that the situation
needed urgent action. In August 1923 a new government under Gustav
Stresemann took over He called off the passive resistance in the Ruhr. He
called in the useless marks and burned them, replacing them with a new
Currency - the American-backed Retenmark. He negotiated to reduce
Germany's debt and receive American loans under the Dawes Plan In
addition, Germany repaired relations with its neighbors and reopened tune
with renewed trade and the flow of American dollars, life improved. The
economic crisis was shed very quickly. Some historians suggest that this is
evidence that many problems were not as severe as its politicians had made
out.
(5) It is also increasingly clear, however, that the hibernation had done great
political damage to the Weimar government. Their right-wing opponents had
yet another problem to blame them for the movement had lost the part of
the middle classes.
48. What phrase other than "economic crisis" does the writer use to describe
the problems caused by hyperinflation?
‫ما هي العبارة الأخرى بخلاف "الأزمة الاقتصادية" التي يستخدمها الكاتب لوصف‬
‫المشاكل الناجمة عن التضخم المفرط؟‬
(A) replacing currency
(B) political damage

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(C) urgent action

(D) war loans
49. Which of the following is an opinion? ‫أي مما يلي هو رأي؟‬
(A) From 1921-1923 the German middle class DID NOT buy houses.
(B) Workers needed trolleys to carry home their wages
(C) A new government took power in 1923.
(D) Germany's problems were NOT as severe as its politicians had said.
50. How is some historians' view of hyperinflation victims different from the
common view? ‫كيف تختلف وجهة نظر بعض المؤرخين عن ضحايا التضخم المفرط‬
‫عن وجهة النظر الشائعة؟‬
(A) They believe that people who DIDN'T money suffered.
(B) They believe that people who had savings suffered most.
(C) They believe that people were starving in the streets.
(D) They believe other European states suffered more.
51. What can we understand from Paragraph (5) about the opponents of the
Weimar government? ‫) عن معارضي حكومة فايمار؟‬5( ‫ماذا نفهم من البرقراف‬
(A) They blamed the government for losing the war.
(B) They used the economic crisis to gain power.
(C) They refused American support.
(D) They were middle class citizens.
52. What can we understand from Paragraph (4) about the solution to the
crisis?
‫) حول حل الأزمة؟‬4( ‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من البرقراف‬
(A) It hurt Gustav Stresemann's opponents.
(B) It was very difficult to achieve.
(C) It depended on American money.
(D) It damaged Germany's relations with its neighbors.

Passage 11
Alchemy ‫الخيمياء‬
The branch of science now called chemistry was in medieval times called
alchemy. Alchemists believed that any substance could be transformed into
any other substance, and many of them tried unsuccessfully to turn ordinary
metals into gold. With the advances of the Scientific Revolution, the
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experiments of alchemists were abandoned. However, some of their practices

- especially the manipulation of metals and acids - set the stage for modern
chemistry.
53. The word abandoned in the passage is closest in meaning to ……….
........... ‫كلمة "متروكه" في المقطع هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) begun
(B) stopped
(C) increased
(D) continued
Passage 12
Passage A: What Is Mania
(1) Mania is state of elevated energy, mood, and behavior. It is most often
seen those with mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective
disorder. Mania may also appear in people who have taken certain drugs or
medications. While the feelings present in mania can be positive. Full of
energy, or even euphoric (extremely happy). They may also be negative-
felling of anger, fear, or grandiosity (false belief in the level of your own
importance).
(2) The symptoms of mania can go from mild (known as hypomania) to
strong (known as a manic episode): at its highest level main can cause
delusions (false believes). Violence and an increased risk of suicide a mania
episode can test anywhere from several days to several months and symbols
will usually get worse and worse. Hypomania can sometimes have appositive
effects. Like increased ability to get work done and grater feelings of hopes.
(3) Bipolar disorder is the most command courses of mania though symptoms
of depression occur most frequently in bipolar disorder. All people suffering
from the illness also experience some form of mania at least once. When
mania is accompanied by desirous. Schizoaffective disorder is more likely to
be indicated tenement for the mania of these disorder (illnesses) usually
includes drags to control mood, such as lithium: take therapy is also
recommended to help patients, learn to deal with symptoms and develop
healthy living plans there many reduce their risk of suffering from mains in
the future.
341
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Passage B: Bipolar Disorder

(1) Bipolar disorder is a mental that illness that causes unusual changes in
mood, energy, activity levels, concentration, and the ability to carry out
everyday tasks.
(2) Mood changes go from periods of extrorsely “up”, happy, “angry” or
energized behavior, known as mania, to very “down” sad, indifferent, or
hopeless periods, known as depression. Depression is the most common
feature of the illness.
(3) Sometimes people experience symptoms of mania and depression in the
same time. These periods are called episodes with mixed features. People
experiencing an episode with mixed features may feel very sad, empty, or
hopeless, while at the same time felling extremely energized.
(4) A person may have bipolar even if their symptoms are less extreme. For
example, some people with bipolar disorder expertness hypomania, a milder
form of mania. During hypomania period, a person may feel very good,
successfully finish tasks, and keep up will everyday life. The person may not
feel that anything is wrong, but family and friends may recognize the changes
in mood or activity levels as possible bipolar disorder. Without proper
filament, people with hypomania can develop severe mania or depression.
(5) Bipolar disorder is typically identified when patients are teenagers or
young adults. occasionally, bipolar symptoms can appeal in children. Bipolar
disorder can also appear in women when they first become pregnant. Victims
of the illness require treatment their whole lives. therapy and medication can
help people manage symptoms and improve their quality of live.
54. What can we understand from passages A and B about hypomania?
‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن الهوس الخفيف؟‬
(A) It may lead to depression.
(B) Symptoms occur most often in children.
(C) People experiencing it may still complete their work.
(D) Family and friends may be the only ones to notice symptoms.

342
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55. Which of the following are symptoms of bipolar disorder according to

passages A and B? ‫أي من الأعراض التالية هي أعراض الاضطراب ثنائي القطب وف ًقا‬
‫للقطعتين "أ" و "ب" ؟‬
(A) mania and episodes with mixed features
(B) mania and mood episodes
(C) mania and delusions
(D) mania and depression
56. What do passages A and B say about bipolar disorder?
‫ماذا تقول القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن الاضطراب ثنائي القطب؟‬
(A) It can make people feel sad and full of energy at the same time.
(B) Treatment includes prescription drugs and counseling.
(C) It is the most frequent cause of mania.
(D) Symptoms are usually mild.
57. What can we understand from passages A and B about depression?
‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن الاكتئاب؟‬
(A) It is the most often occurring symptom of bipolar disorder.
(B) The depression of bipolar disorder is a generally mild form.
(C) People can experience it at the same time they experience mania.
(D) It is a symptom of various illnesses, but it is also a major illness by itself.

Passage 13
Strange Substance ‫المادة الغريبة‬
(1) A mysterious, orange, sticky gel, found on the beaches of Kivalina, a
village situated on the Alaskan coast between Kotzebue and Point Hope, was
recently the source of much interest. Many people thought that the sticky gel
was some strange compound that had spread as a result of a chemical
reaction. Others had more farfetched ideas about the substance's origins
ranging from aliens to volcanic remains.
(2) Scientists at an Alaskan laboratory have been busy analyzing the unknown
substance. They have concluded that it is a formation of microscopic eggs.
One of the scientists said that there are traces of oil in the eggs, and this is
what is causing the strange, orange color.

343
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(3) The scientists have discovered that the eggs belong to a small invertebrate
– a spineless animal, but they have not been able to identify the exact species.
58. According to Paragraph (1), the strange, orange substance was found ……..
...............‫ تم العثور على المادة البرتقالية الغريبة‬، )1( ‫بحسب البرقراف‬
(A) on the beaches of Kotzebue
(B) on the beaches of Point Hope
(C) close to a compound in Alaska
(D) between Kotzebue and Point Hope
59. The word far-fetched in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……….
................. ‫) هي الأقرب إلى المعنى‬1( ‫كلمة "بعيد المنال" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) difficult to believe
(B) easy to believe
(C) definite
(D) clear
60. The pronoun it in Paragraph (2) refers to……………..
..............‫) إلى‬2( ‫يشير الضمير الوارد في البرقراف‬
(A) traces of oil
(B) a microscope
(C) the unknown substance
(D) one of Alaska's laboratories

344
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Model 28
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost
on us!" Mike's arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He
didn't even stop to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept
coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked
shoulder to shoulder with the other smoke jumpers to build a firebreak. His
only thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the
forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful
enough, it would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to
make. Then they would have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his
face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too exhausted to move
because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head and
noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear.
A man was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was
brave only when he forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he
cared very much about the others with whom he was working.

21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because
………….
..........‫ كان مايك مره ًقا ج ًدا بحيث لا يستطيع التحرك بسبب‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) He had sweat all over him.
(B) He was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) He had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves
…………
............‫ علم بن مايك أن الشجاعة تعني‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) Working with proper tools
(B) Avoiding fire hazards
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(C) Losing one's courage

(D) Caring for others
23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………
.............‫) يشير إلي‬3( ‫الضمير الوارد في برقراف‬
(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man
Passage 2
Giant Panda
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The
Chinese government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant
pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they
may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old
female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born.
A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special
diet and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to
teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda
Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel
comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of
Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The
teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both English
and Chinese.
24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese? ‫ لماذا يريد حراس الحديقة الصينيون أن تتعلم‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫مي لان اللغة الصينية؟‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers.
(B) so that she will feel at home in China.
(C) so that she can forget her English.
(D) so that she will like her new diet.
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أين كانت مي لان تعيش؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬

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(A) In Sichuan, China.

(B) In Atlanta, Georgia.
(C) In an American research center.
(D) In the Chengdu Panda Research Center.

Passage 3
Team Rubicon: Working for a not-for-profit organization
)1) Not-for-profit organizations contribute to a large part of economic activity
in the United States. They are clearly very powerful in the business world,
even though their focus on goals other than profit falls outside the traditional
model of a for-profit business. But it is this move away from a focus on profit
that allows them to follow their aims of social improvement and contribute to
society as a whole. To be truly useful in a not-for profit organization, a person
must share the organization's vision.
(2) The vision for Team Rubicon was created by its founders, Jake Wood and
William McNulty, who saw the devastation, caused by the Haiti earthquake in
2010 and immediately took action. Both former soldiers, Wood and McNulty
knew they could do something to help in this terrible situation. Within 24
hours, they had found the help of six other former soldiers, collected money,
food and medicines from friends and family, and made their way to Haiti to
help, and Team Rubicon was born.
(3) The organization gets its name from the Rubicon, a river in northern Italy
that Julius Caesar and his army crossed on their historical march to Rome,
with the river showing the point of no return. The name mirrors the founders'
experiences during the Haitian disaster, where despite advice from the
government and other aid organizations not to go ahead, their small team
crossed into Haiti from the Dominican Republic carrying essential equipment
and medicines to thousands of earthquake victims.
(4) Seven years later, Team Rubicon has two main aims: to pair the skills and
experiences of former soldiers with emergency workers to be ready for any
type of disaster and to provide a sense of community and achievement to
former soldiers who have served their country but may be experiencing
problems as a result of their war experiences.
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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(5) According to the organization's mission statement, Team Rubicon aims to

provide former soldiers with three things that they sometimes lose after
leaving the army: a purpose, gained through disaster relief, a sense of
community, built by working with others; and a feeling of self-worth from
recognizing the positive effect one individual can make when helping others.
(6) With its head office in the Los Angeles area. Team Rubicon has more than
60 employees who work in 10 regions around the country, along with more
than 40.000 volunteers who are ready to move into action within 24 hours.
Similar to company operations in for-profit organizations, staff positions at
Team Rubicon include local administrators; field operations (including
membership and training); marketing, communications, and social media;
fundraising and partnership development, finance and accounting, and
people operations.
(7) Team Rubicon's stall members bring professional and/or military
experience to their daily jobs. but they all Share the organization's vision.
Many staff members started as volunteers for Team Rubicon while working in
for-profit careers, while other took advantage of the organization’s strong
training program to become familiar with its aims.
(8) In 2016. Team Rubicon trained 8.000 former soldiers and emergency
workers in disaster relief and responded to 46 disasters, which required more
than 85.000 volunteer hours. In addition to donations from individuals.
Companies and other organizations. Team Rubicon relies on its partnerships
with companies, such as Southwest Airlines, which provides hundreds of free
plane tickets each year to fly volunteers to disaster sites.
(9) Team Rubicon engages its nationwide community at every level of the
organization, from volunteer to board member, and every step of its
operation: from training to planning to implementation to looking for and
finding donations and volunteers to help with any type of disaster relief. Over
the past several years. Team Rubicon has been recognized as one of the top
non- profits to work for by The Non-Profit Times, based on employee surveys
and business partners' opinions about the organization's work environment.
26. In 2016, how many disasters did Rubicon respond?
‫ كم عدد الكوارث التي استجاب لها روبيكون؟‬، 2016 ‫في عام‬

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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(A) 10
(B) 24
(C) 46
(D) 60
27. Where is Rubicon's head office? ‫أين مكتب روبيكون الرئيسي؟‬
(A) Dominican Republic
(B) New York
(C) Haiti
(D) Los Angeles
28. From what country did Team Rubicon cross into Haiti?
‫من أي بلد عبر فريق روبيكون إلى هايتي؟‬
(A) Dominican Republic
(B) United States
(C) Cuba
(D) Italy
Passage 4
Mongols and Climate
(1) New research by tree-ring scientists from Columbia University's Lamont-
Doherty Earth Observatory and West Virginia University may have uncovered
the reason why an obscure band of nomadic Mongol horsemen were able to
sweep through much of Asia in a few meteoric decades 800 years ago,
conquering everything in their path: They enjoyed an unprecedented, and
yet-to-be-repeated, 15-year run of bountiful rains and mild weather on the
normally cold and arid steppes.
(2) By sampling tree rings in the gnarled and twisted Siberian pines in the
Hangay Mountains in central Mongolia, the team pieced together a
remarkably precise chronology of local climatic conditions stretching from the
year 900 A.D. to the present. The study, published in the National Academy of
Science offers a new interpretation of why the Mongols suddenly went on the
move.
(3) The traditional view has been that the Mongols were desperately fleeing
harsh conditions in their craggy, mountainous homeland. The Lamont-
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Doherty team, however, found just the opposite: Between 1211 and 1225_ a
period that neatly coincides with the rise of Genghis Khan and the Mongol
empire, central Mongolia enjoyed a spell of sustained benign weather unlike
anything the region has experienced during at least the past 1,100 years and
probably much longer.
(4) "What makes our new record distinctive is that we can see 15 straight
years of above-average moisture," says the study's lead author. Neil
Pedersen, a tree-ring scientist with the Lamond-Doherty Earth Observatory.
"It falls during an important period in Mongol histone and is singular in terms
of persistently wet conditions.”
29. What is one idea related to the Mongols that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المتعلقة بالمغول التي ذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬
(A) They disliked the rain.
(B) They controlled only Asia.
(C) They used to battle on horseback.
(D) Tree ring scientists study Mongol history.
30. What is one important idea related to the period between 1211-1225 that
the writer mentions in paragraph (3)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالفترة‬
‫)؟‬3( ‫ التي ذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬1225-1211 ‫ما بين‬
(A) The weather was unusual.
(B) Genghis Khan was born.
(C) The Mongol empire ended.
(D) It was a time of great difficulty.
31. Why does the writer mention Siberian pines? ‫لماذا يذكر الكاتب الصنوبر‬
‫السيبيري؟‬
(A) Their tree rings were used in the study.
(B) The Mongols used them for firewood.
(C) They are the oldest trees in Mongolia.
(D) They grow in harsh conditions.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) The Lamont-Doherty team of scientists

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(B) Siberian Pine trees in the Hangay Mountains

(C) The rise of the Mongolian empire under Genghis Khan
(D) The success of the Mongol empire due to weather conditions
Passage 5
Inventory Management
(1) Inventory, or the amount of material a company holds. Can affect
customer satisfaction. Here, managers must maintain the delicate balance
between carrying too little inventory and carrying too much. With too little
stock. The firm risks not having products which customers want to buy. To
remedy this, the firm may need costly emergency shipments or production.
Carrying too much inventory results in higher-than-necessary inventory-
carrying costs and out-of-date stock. Thus, in managing inventory, firms must
balance the costs of carrying larger inventories against resulting sales and
profits.
(2) Many companies have greatly reduced their inventories and related costs
though just-in-time logistics systems with such systems, producers and
retailers carry only small inventories of points or merchandise, often only
enough for a few days of operations. New stock arrives exactly when needed,
rather than being stored in inventory until being used. Just-in-time systems
acquire accurate forecasting along with fast, frequent and flexible delivery so
that new supplies will be available when needed. However, these systems
result in substantial savings in inventory-carrying and handling Costs.
(3) Marketers are always looking for new ways to make inventory
management more efficient in the not-too- distant future. Handling inventory
might even become fully automated. For example, smart tag teclmology.by
which small transmitter clips are embedded more placed on products and
packaging on everything from flowers and razors to tires. Smart products
could make the entire supply chain - which accounts for nearly 75 percent of
a product's cost intelligent and automated.
33. What does paragraph (1) say about inventories? ‫) عن‬1( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
‫قوائم الجرد؟‬
(A) They help firms reduce costs and increase profits.
(B) They help customers find the right items faster.
(C) They make customers and managers happy.
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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) They always result in more profits.

34. What do firms do to avoid keeping higher than necessary inventories?
‫ماذا تفعل الشركات لتجنب الاحتفاظ بالمخزونات أعلى من اللازم؟‬
(A) They balance the costs against the sales and profits.
(B) They reduce their costs through logistics systems.
(C) They call customers to determine their needs.
(D) They make their inventories automated.
35. Why does the writer use the word "However" in Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "ومع ذلك" في البرقراف‬
(A) To show that just-in-time systems are actually useful.
(B) To explain the process of just-in-time systems,
(C) To give an example of just-in-time systems.
(D) To list the benefits of just-in-time systems.
36. Which word can we use to replace "Thus" in paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لتحل محل "وهكذا" في البرقراف‬
(A) Particularly
(B) However
(C) Therefore
(D) Though
37. How does the writer feel about the future of inventories?
‫كيف يشعر الكاتب تجاه مستقبل قوائم الجرد؟‬
(A) He believes future inventories will cost more.
(B) He believes future inventories will require more forecasting.
(C) He believes future inventories will make customers happier.
(D) He believes future inventories will soon be smarter and fully automate

Passage 6
The Spinal Cord
(1) The spinal cord is an information highway connecting the nervous system
to the brain. Ascending neural areas send up sensory information, and
descending areas send back motor-control information. A look at the neural
pathways that control our reflexes, our automatic responses to stimuli, shows
the spinal cords work. A simple spinal-reflex path is composed of a single

352
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sensory neuron and a single motor neuron, which often communicate

through an interneuron.
(2) One such path makes up the pain reflex. When your fingers touch a hot
stove, neural activity excited by the heat travels via sensory neurons to
interneurons in your spinal cord. These interneurons respond by activating
motor neurons to the muscles in your arm, causing you to jerk your hand
away.
(3) Because the simple pain-reflex pathway runs through the spinal cord and
out, you jerk your hand from a candle's flame before your brain receives and
responds to the information that causes you to feel pain. Information travels
to and from the brain by way of the spinal cord. Were the top of your spinal
cord severed, you would not feel such pain. Or pleasure. Your brain would
literally be out of touch with your body. Thus, you would lose all sensation
and voluntary movement in body regions whose sensory and motor neurons
connect with the spinal cord below its point of injury.
38. What helps information travel up and down the spine?
‫ما الذي يساعد المعلومات على الانتقال صعودا وهبوطا في العمود الفقري؟‬
(A) The brain
(B) Neural paths
(C) The air we breathe
(D) Automatic responses
39. The word descending in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………….
...........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "تنازلي" في البرقراف‬
(A) falling
(B) rising
(C) moving
(D) connecting
40. According to Paragraph (2), What finally makes you take your hand away
from something hot? ‫بعيدا عن‬ ً ‫أخيرا تأخذ يدك‬
ً ‫ ما الذي يجعلك‬,)2( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
‫شيء ساخن؟‬
(A) Natural fear of pain
(B) A single sensory neuron
(C) Motor neurons in arm muscles
(D) Your finger touching a hot stove
353
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

41. When would your brain stop receiving information from the spinal cord?
‫متى يتوقف دماغك عن تلقي المعلومات من النخاع الشوكي؟‬
(A) When the pain-reflex pathway ran through the spinal cord and out.
(B) If an accident cut you spinal cord in two pain
(C) If you stopped experiencing pleasure or pain
(D) When you were sleeping very heavily.
42. The word flame in paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to …………..
........... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3( ‫كلمة "لهب" في البرقراف‬
(A) Fire
(B) Pain
(C) Stove
(D) Feeling
Passage 7

43. What was the healthy life expectancy for men in Germany in 1990?
‫؟ما هو متوسط‬1990 ‫العمر المتوقع الصحي للرجال في ألمانيا عام‬
(A) about 47 years
(B) about 55 years
(C) about 63 years
354
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) about 70 years

44. How much did women's healthy life expectancy increase in India from
1990-2013?
‫؟كم زاد متوسط‬2013-1990 ‫العمر المتوقع للمرأة الصحية في الهند من‬
(A) by about 4 years
(B) by about 6 years
(C) by about 7 years
(D) by about 9 years
Passage 8
European Heat Wave
(1) Another deadly heat wave has arrived in Europe this week. Record
temperatures went over 37.8 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit) in
parts of France, (Germany, Poland and Spain, with hotter days to come. The
same thing happened in 2018 when record-breaking heat was responsible for
700 deaths in Sweden and more than 250 in Denmark, countries that have
never needed air conditioning before this new era of extreme climate change
events.
(2) Europe's five hottest summers in the past 500 years have all occurred in
the last 15 years, not including this summer. All have been deadly. The 2003
heat wave was the worst, having led to the deaths of over 70.000 people; in
2010, 56,000 people died in Russia alone.
(3) These extreme heat events are all connected to a slower jet stream that
locks weather systems into place. Studies have linked the slowdown in the jet
stream-the band of high-altitude winds that sweep around the globe from
west to east to last summer's unprecedented droughts, heat waves, wildfires,
and flooding events across the entire Northern Hemisphere. This is also likely
to be behind India's weak monsoon rains and the widespread flooding in
certain areas of the U.S. this year.
(4) The loss of sea ice in the Arctic is increasing temperatures in the northern
regions of our planet, and that is disrupting the natural jet stream patterns.
Jet stream winds are driven by the temperature difference between the icy air
of the arctic and hot air from the tropics. A rapidly warming arctic-this past
winter it saw its lowest ever ice cover-reduces that temperature difference
and slows the jet stream.
355
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(5) Like a slow-moving river, a slower jet stream forms deep curves and turns,
which can slow down during the summer. sometimes for weeks. Weather
patterns are also delayed with them, whether they are heat waves or
expected rains.
(6) Temperatures in Europe are nowhere near as hot as India's current month-
long heat wave, where temperatures on the Asian subcontinent reached 51°C
(123° F). Most Europeans, particularly in the north. are unused to anything
over 29°C (85° F). Air conditioning also remains rare in Europe. It is found in
less than five percent of homes in France. For example, and less than two
percent of German homes. As a result, the struggles of temperatures reaching
40°C in June will seriously test the abilities of Europeans to deal with the
hotter years ahead.
(7) The number of heat wave days in European cities are nearly double those
of the surrounding suburban and rural landscape because of the urban heat
island effect. Concrete and asphalt absorb heat during the day and release it
at night, which keeps urban areas hotter. Without major cuts in carbon
emissions, which are released into the air when we burn fossil fuels, scientists
argue that the number of heat wave days in cities are likely to increase 10
times by the end of this country.
(8) European governments and citizens are debating what to do about the
increasing heat. Some would argue that people should just buy air
conditioners to keep their homes cool. However, air conditioning increases
energy use, which will in turn increase carbon emissions across European
countries. Both governments and citizens are wary of increasing carbon
emissions because it would lock them in a cycle that would increase the
negative effects of climate change. Now these European countries face a
dilemma. Although the majority of citizens in Europe want more government
action to reduce carbon emissions, as the temperatures continue to increase,
the demand for air conditioning units will also continue to rise.
(9) Europe learned valuable lessons from the 2003 heat wave, which killed
more than 70.000 people across the continent. Governments have taken
several actions to ensure that death tolls would be more limited during this
heat wave. For example, Paris, which experienced many deaths in 2003, is
much better prepared this time around. Government officials have emergency
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services in place and there has been a strong campaign to raise awareness of
the dangers of the heat wave around the city. Some schools in France have
also closed since most of them do not have air conditioners. The local
governments have also set up cooling areas and temporary water fountains in
busy city areas.
(10) Paris has relatively little green space and has been working for years on
how to “green up" and introduce more plants in order to counter the heat
held by stone and concrete. Paris officials also plan to keep 13 large parks
open all night during the anticipated heat wave because the temperature
there would be one or two degrees lower than in the rest of the city. There
are also plans to keep public swimming pools open later to encourage people
to swim at night in order to cool down from the heat. In Paris, older cars have
also banned from use city to reduce the city's air pollution. Which increases
during a heat wave.
45. What two things are needed to have jet stream winds?
‫ما الشيئين المطلوبين لرياح التيار النفاث؟‬
(A) Monsoon rains and icy arctic air
(B) Hot air from the tropics and the summer
(C) Icy arctic air and hot air from the tropics
(D) Monsoon rains and hot air from the tropics
46. What two things could increase heat waves in European cities?
‫ما هما الشيئان اللذان يمكن أن يزيدا من موجات الحر في المدن الأوروبية؟‬
(A) Wildfires and pollution
(B) Drought and low usage of air conditioning
(C) Widespread flooding and carbon emissions
(D) The urban heat island effect and more usage of air conditioning
47. What are two ways Paris is lighting the heat wave?
‫ما الطريقتان اللتان تضيء بهما باريس موجة الحر؟‬
(A) Banning older cars in the city and using more air conditioning
(B) Reducing carbon emissions and using plants to make more green space
(C) Keeping public swimming pools open later and reducing carbon emissions
(D) Using plants to make more green space and keeping public parks open all
night

357
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Passage 9
Social Network’s Share of Time
Share of Combined Minutes for 4 Major Social Networking

48. What percentage of social media minutes did Indians spend using
Snapchat?
‫ما النسبة المئوية للدقائق على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي التي أمضاها الهنود في‬
‫استخدام سناب شات؟‬
(A) 100%
(B) 20%
(C) 2%
(D) 0%
Passage 10 Aggression in Children
(1) Most parents do not enjoy watching their children misbehave. Bad
behavior by children often results in bad behavior by parents. The first idea
that has to go is that poor parenting is what makes children misbehave or
behave badly. The cause of the child's behavior may lie in psychological
problems; it may even lie in the biology of the child. Whatever the reason, the
important issue is how parents respond when children act out.
(2) Aggressive behavior starts early in children's lives. A study looked at
children 6 to 24 months of age. Mothers reported how often their children
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acted out, or displayed poor behavior. They cited kicking, hitting, pulling hair,
biting and even hurting animals. The most common actions were hitting or
smacking another person. The least common action was hurting animals.
Hitting someone peaked at 18 months when eight of 10 kids were hitting and
smacking other people. Kicking, pushing and throwing things peaked at 20
months. The “terrible twos" started before the age two.
(3) Pediatricians can assure parents that these behaviors are normal in small
children. The big job is to guide parents on how to deal with their children
when they behave this way. From the start, parents should set limits. They
need to respond in ways that may help redirect or distract a child. This would
help a child go from misbehaving to a more positive behavior. Pediatricians
believe these approaches work. It seems certain that positive responses such
as these are better than anger or punishment.
(4) The frequency, intensity, and length of the bad behavior are also
important. There are some questions that parents must also consider. Does
the child have any issues that he or she is dealing with? Does the child have
friends? Some children may show signs of depression when they have had a
negative experience. The answers to these questions may explain why the
child is acting out.
(5) Parents often use their instincts in dealing with their children without
considering what is causing the misbehavior. They may respond with anger,
threats. and punishment. A better way is to plan in order to avoid potential
conflicts. For example, if getting ready for school is a problem, parents can
come up with ways to make it easier. This would help them to avoid potential
problems before they start.
49. What word other than "misbehave" does the writer use for aggressive
behavior?
‫ما هي الكلمة الأخرى غير "يسيء التصرف" التي يستخدمها الكاتب في السلوك‬
‫العدواني؟‬
(A) act out
(B) avoid
(C) distract
(D) deal with

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50. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي مما يلي يعتبر حقيقة؟‬
(A) Poor parenting is the cause of children’s misbehavior.
(B) Aggressive behavior is normal in young children.
(C) Parents often deal with children's bad behavior well.
(D) Hunting animals is the most common aggressive behavior among
children.
51. How is the writer’s view about children’s bad behavior different from the
parents’ view? ‫كيف‬
‫تختلف وجهة نظر الكاتب حول سلوك الأطفال السيئ عن وجهة نظر الوالدين؟‬
(A) The writer believes that parents should plan to avoid bad behavior.
(B) The writer believes that parents should use their instincts to deal with bad
behavior
(C) The writer believes that parents should respond to bad behavior with
threats and punishment.
(D) The writer believes that parents should ignore bad behavior
52. What can we understand about parents from Paragraph (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم عن الوالدين من البرقراف‬
(A) Parents understand that children's bad behavior is normal.
(B) Parents avoid being angry with or yelling at children.
(C) Parents reward bad behavior.
(D) Parents fail to deal with children's bad behavior appropriately.
53. What can we understand about parents in Paragraph (5)?
‫)؟‬5( ‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم عن الوالدين من البرقراف‬
(A) Parents fail to prevent children's bad behavior.
(B) Parents blame their children's friends for bad behavior.
(C) Parents consider the causes of children's bad behavior.
(D) Parents think schools should deal with children's bad behavior.
Passage 11
Passage A: Human Anatomy
(1) Human Anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. It is
significant so we know how the structure or organs are supposed to work
correctly. Some of those structures are very small and can only be observed
and analyzed with this assistance of a microscope. Other larger structures can
readily be seen manipulated, measured, and weighed the word "anatomy"
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comes from a Greek root cut means “to cut apart." Human anatomy was first
studied by observing the exterior of the body and observing the wounds of
soldiers and other injuries. Later, physicians were allowed to dissect, or cut
open. bodies of the dead to increase their knowledge.
(2) When a body is dissected, its structures are cut apart in order to observe
their physical attributes and their relationships to one another. Dissection is
still used in medical schools, anatomy courses, and in pathology labs. In order
to observe structures in living people. however, a number of imaging
techniques have been developed. These techniques allow clinicians to see
structures inside the living body such as a cancer or a fractured bone.
(3) Like most scientific disciplines, anatomy has areas of specialization. Gross
anatomy is the study of die larger structures of the body, those visible without
the aid of magnification. Macro- means "large, thus: gross anatomy is also
referred to as macroscopic anatomy. In contrast, micro- means "small" and
microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that can be observed only with
the use of a microscope or other magnification devices.
Passage B: Human Physiology
(1) Whereas anatomy is about structure, physiology is about function. Human
physiology is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures
of the body and the ways in which they work together to support the
functions of life. It began in France over 200 years ago with a scientist named
Claude Bernard. Much of the study of physiology centers on the body's
tendency toward homeostasis. Homeostasis is the state of steady internal
conditions maintained by living things. The study of physiology certainly
includes observation, both with the naked eye and with microscopes, as well
as manipulations and measurements. However, current advances in
physiology usually depend on carefully designed laboratory experiments that
reveal the functions of the many structures and chemical compounds that
make up the human body and establish the foundation upon which we build
our knowledge of how to treat disease.
(2) Like anatomists, physiologists typically specialize in a particular branch of
physiology. For example, neurophysiology is the study of tic brain, spinal
cord. and nerves and how this work together to perform functions as complex
and diverse as vision, movement, and thinking. Physiologists may work from
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the organ level (exploring, for example, what different parts of the brain do)
to the molecular level (such as exploring how an electrochemical signal travel
along nerves).
(3) Form is closely related to function in all living things. For example, the thin
flap of your eyelid can snap down to clear away dust particles and almost
instantaneously slide back up to allow you to see again. At the microscopic
level, the arrangement and function of the nerves and muscles that serve the
eyelid allow for its quick action and retreat.

54. Which of the following best summarize anatomy and physiology from
passage. A and B? ‫أي مما يلي يلخص بشكل أفضل علم التشريح وعلم وظائف‬
‫الأعضاء من المقطع "أ" و "ب"؟‬
(A)Anatomy involves, cutting open bodies while physiology uses lab
experiments.
(B) Anatomy is helpful for soldiers, while physiology is helpful for everyone.
(C) The both involve the study of neurophysiology.
(D) They both rely on cutting open bodies.
55. What can be understood from the passage about the early period of
anatomy and physiology? ‫ما الذي يمكن فهمه من القطعه عن الفترة المبكرة من‬
‫علم التشريح وعلم وظائف الأعضاء؟‬
(A) Anatomy and physiology; both began 200 years ago.
(B) Physiology began in France while anatomy began in Greece.
(c) Physiology began over 200 years ago while anatomy began with observing
wounded soldiers.
(D) Anatomy was developed by Andreas Vesalius while Physiology was
developed by Claude Bernard.
56. According to Passages A and B, it is important to know about anatomy
and physiology ……… ‫ من المهم معرفة علم التشريح وعلم‬،"‫وف ًقا للقطعتين "أ" و "ب‬
‫وظائف الأعضاء‬
(A) to be able to treat disease
(B) to be able to see cancer and find a cue
(C)To know how organs work and to treat disease
(D) to become a physiologist and a successful doctor

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57. What do Passages A and B say about the study of anatomy and
physiology?
‫ماذا تقول القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن دراسة علم التشريح وعلم وظائف الأعضاء؟‬
(A) Both mean to 'cut apart'.
(B) Both involve the use of microscopes.
(C) Both are about the body's structures.
(D) both are taught at medical schools and high schools.

Passage 12 Bees
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am,
38) and that they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and
work together to produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more
than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed
correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of
these amazing creatures may also have feelings and emotions similar to those
of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel.
In recent years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a
disturbing rate. Many explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees
are dying because of disease and pesticides. Others say it may be due to
pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for
humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world's crops depend
on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are
they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two
smells. After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the
other smell, they were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose
the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The
scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put in a stressful
situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in
danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells,
and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste

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good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These
bees had become “pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much
more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious worried or depressed, they have lower
levels of the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean
that the feelings of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans
with mood disorders. This knowledge, along with further investigations into
bee behavior and "feelings" can hopefully be used to understand and remedy
their declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.
58. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
............. ‫) إلى‬1( ‫تشير عبارة "هذه المخلوقات المدهشة" في الفقرة‬
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59. Why are bees important to humans? ‫لماذا النحل مهم للبشر؟‬
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.

60. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
‫أي برقراف يصف كيف درب العلماء النحل؟‬
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

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Model 29
Passage 1
Purity
(1) Government legislation requires that a lot of testing takes place before a
new pharmaceutical is marketed.
(2) Throughout the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries it is
essential that the substances used be pure. The purity of a substance can be
gauged by:
1. Its melting point - if it is a pure solid it will have a sharp melting point. If an
impurity is present then melting takes place over a range of temperatures.
2. Its boiling point - if it is a pure liquid the temperature will remain steady at
its boiling point. If the substance is impure then the mixture will boil over a
temperature range.
3. Chromatography - if it is a pure substance, it will produce only one well-
defined spot on a chromatogram. If impurities are present then several spots
will be seen on the chromatogram.

21. The word legislation in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………

........... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "تشريع" في البرقراف‬
(A) announcement
(B) law
(C) ban
(D) bureaucracy
22. The word Impure in the passage is closest in meaning to ………..
.............. ‫كلمة "غير نقي" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) dirty
(B) clean
(C) neutral
(D) tested
Passage 2
Company Stock
(1) There are three types of stock that a business can hold: stocks of raw
materials (inputs brought from suppliers waiting to be used in the production
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process), work in progress (incomplete products still in the process of being

made) and stocks of finished products (finished goods of acceptable quality
waiting to be sold to customers).
(2) The aim of stock control is to minimize the cost of holding these stocks
whilst ensuring that there are enough materials for production to continue
and be able to meet customer demand. Obtaining the correct balance is not
easy and the stock control department will work closely with the purchasing
and marketing departments.
(3) The marketing department should be able to provide sales forecasts for
the coming weeks or months (this can be difficult if demand is seasonal or
prone to unexpected fluctuation) and so allow stock control managers to
judge the type, quantity and timing of stocks needed.
(4) It is the purchasing department's responsibility to order the correct
quantity and quality of these inputs, at a competitive price and from a reliable
supplier who will deliver on time.
(5) As it is difficult to ensure that a business has exactly the correct amount of
stock at any one time, the majority of firms will hold buffer stock. This is the
"safe" amount of stock that needs to be held to cover unforeseen
circumstances.
23. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ما هو الغرض الرئيسي للكاتب؟‬
(A) to explain
(B) to describe
(C) to convince
(D) to entertain
24. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب؟‬
(A) The stock control department often holds buffer stocks.
(B) Managers of the stock control departments need to be well-trained.
(C) The stock control department works closely with the marketing
department.
(D) The stock control department aims to achieve the correct balance of
stocks.

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Passage 3
Separating Mixtures
(1) Many mixtures contain useful substances mixed with unwanted material. In
order to obtain these useful substances, chemists often have to separate
them from the impurities. Chemists have developed many different methods
of separation.
Filtering
(2) When a cup of tea is poured through a tea strainer, this is a filtering
process. Filtration is a common separation technique used in chemistry
laboratories throughout the world. It is used when a solid needs to be
separated from a liquid. For example, sand can be separated from a mixture
with water by filtering through filter paper. The filter paper contains holes that
are large enough to allow the molecules of water through but not the sand
particles. The sand gets trapped in the filter paper and the water passes
through it.
Decanting
(3) Vegetables do not dissolve in water. When you have boiled some
vegetables, it is easy to separate them from the water by pouring it off. This
process is called decanting. This technique is used quite often to separate an
insoluble solid (a solid that doesn't dissolve) from a liquid.
Centrifuging
(4) Another way to separate a solid from a liquid is to use a centrifuge. It is
usually used when the solid particles are so small that they spread out
throughout the liquid and remain mixed. They do not settle to the bottom of
the container, as heavier particles would do, under the force of gravity. The
technique of centrifuging involves the liquid being spun round very fast in a
centrifuge so that the solid gets flung to the bottom of the tube.
25. What does the writer think about the process of separating mixtures?
‫ما رأي الكاتب في عملية فصل الخلائط؟‬
(A) He thinks it's a new technique that needs to be developed.
(B) He thinks it's an ancient process that is useful in cooking.

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(C) He thinks it's important because it helps to take out the substances that
have benefits.
(D) He thinks it's important because it keeps impurities from creating new
diseases.

26. What does Paragraph (2) say about filtering? ‫) عن‬2( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
‫التصفية؟‬
(A) It is usually used in making coffee.
(B) It only works if the filter paper has a special number of holes.
(C) It is a process that only works when separating sand from a mixture.
(D) It works best, when the filter paper is able to stop the solid from passing.
27. Which words can we use to replace the words “for example” in Paragraph
(2)?
‫ما الكلمات التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال الكلمات "على سبيل المثال" في البرقراف‬
‫)؟‬2(
(A) of course
(B) above all
(C) for instance
(D) at the same time
28. Why does the writer use the word "so" at the end of Paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "هكذا" في نهاية البرقراف‬
(A) to give more information about centrifuging.
(B) to show that centrifuging is different from decanting.
(C) to show that centrifuging is the longest process for separating the tiny
solid particles from a liquid.
(D) to show that the process of spinning the liquid around quickly in
centrifuging causes the tiny solid particles to become separated.
29. How does centrifuging solve the problem of separating very small solids
from a liquid? ‫جدا عن‬ً ‫كيف يحل الطرد المركزي مشكلة فصل المواد الصلبة الصغيرة‬
‫السائل؟‬
(A) It moves the liquid around very quickly to get the solids to stay at the
bottom.
(B) It uses a special heating technique that is only available in some
laboratories.
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(C) It uses boiling to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

(D) It uses a filter to separate solids, like sand, from a liquid.
Passage 4
Agriculture in the Middle East
(1) From the 8th century, the medieval Islamic world underwent a
transformation in agricultural practice, described by the historian Andrew
Watson as the Arab agricultural revolution. This transformation was driven by
a number of factors including the diffusion of many crops and plants along
Muslim trade routes, the spread of more advanced farming techniques, and
an agricultural-economic system which promoted increased yields and
efficiency. The shift in agricultural practice changed the economy, population
distribution, vegetation cover, agricultural production, population levels,
urban growth, the distribution of the labor force, cooking, diet, and clothing
across the Islamic world.
(2) Muslim traders covered much of the Old World, and trade enabled the
diffusion of many crops, plants and farming techniques across the region, as
well as the adaptation of crops, plants and techniques from beyond the
Islamic world. This diffusion introduced major crops to Europe by way of Al-
Andalus, along with the techniques for their cultivation and cuisine. Sugar
cane, rice, and cotton were among the major crops transferred, along with
citrus and other fruit trees, nut trees, vegetables such as eggplant, and
spinach and the use of spices such as cumin, coriander and cinnamon,
Intensive irrigation crop rotation and agricultural manuals were widely
adopted. Irrigation, partly based on Roman technology, made use of water
wheels, water mills, dams and reservoirs.
30. What is one important idea in the passage? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة في‬
‫القطعه؟‬
(A) Cumin is a spice.
(B) The economy changed.
(C) Farming provided food to Europe.
(D) Muslim traders introduced new crops to Europe.

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‫‪Passage 5‬‬
‫‪US Coffee Consumption‬‬
‫‪Coffee availability in the United States peaked in 1946‬‬

‫?‪31. How many gallons of coffee did people drink in 1950‬‬

‫جالونا من القهوة شربه الناس عام ‪1950‬؟‬
‫ً‬ ‫كم‬
‫‪(A) around 50‬‬
‫‪(B) around 40‬‬
‫‪(C) around 30‬‬
‫‪(D) around 20‬‬
‫?‪32. In what year was coffee drinking the lowest in the U.S‬‬
‫في أي عام كان شرب القهوة هو الأدنى في الولايات المتحدة؟‬
‫‪(A) 1945‬‬
‫‪(B) 1960‬‬
‫‪(C) 1995‬‬

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(D) 2000

Passage 6

Digital Adverts

Us Retall industry Digital Ad Spending. 2014-2020

Billions, % of total digital ad spending and % change

33. In which year is the percentage change the lowest?

‫في أي سنة تكون النسبة المئوية للتغير هي الأدنى؟‬
(A) 2013
(B) 2014
(C) 2019
(D) 2020

Passage 7
Stages of Economic Activity
(1) There are three main stages of economic activity. These stages are typical
of nearly all production and they are called the levels of economic — or
business activity:
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(2) Stage 1 is called the primary stage of production. This stage involves the
earth's natural resources. Activities in the primary sector of industry include
farming, fishing, forestry and the extraction of natural materials, such as oil
and copper ore.
(3) Stage 2 is called the secondary stage of production. This stage involves
taking the materials and resources provided by the primary sector and
converting them into manufactured or processed goods. Activities in the
secondary sector of industry include building and construction car
manufacturing and computer assembly.
(4) Stage 3 is called the tertiary stage of production. This stage involves
providing services to both consumers and other businesses. Activities in the
tertiary sector of industry include transport, banking, retail, insurance, hotels
and hairdressing.
(5) In some countries, primary industries such as mining employ many more
people than manufacturing or service industries. These tend to be countries
—often called developing countries — where manufacturing industry has
only recently been established. As most people still live in the rural areas with
low incomes, there is little demand for services such as transport, hotels and
insurance. The levels of both employment and output in the primary sector in
these countries are likely to be high. In countries which started up
manufacturing industries many years ago, the secondary and tertiary sectors
are likely to employ many more workers than the primary sector. The level of
output in the primary sector is often small compared to the other two sectors.
34. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) Production is the first stage.
(B) Employment is highest in stage two.
(C) Economic activity occurs in three stages.
(D) The level of output is highest in stage three.
35. What is one important idea related to the secondary stage of production
in Paragraph (3)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالمرحلة الثانوية للإنتاج في‬
‫)؟‬3( ‫البرقراف‬
(A) elementary
(B) primary
(C) secondary
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(D) tertiary

36. Which stage of production are hotels an example of?

‫ما هي مراحل الإنتاج التي تعتبر الفنادق مثالا ً عليها؟‬
(A) elementary
(B) primary
(C) secondary
(D) tertiary
37. What is one important idea related to jobs in developing countries in
Paragraph (5)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالوظائف في البلدان النامية في‬
‫)؟‬5( ‫البرقراف‬
(A) They are equal in all stages. Most are in stage 1.
(B) Most are in stage 1.
(C) Most are in stage 2.
(D) Most are in stage 3.

Passage 8
The Demographic Transition
(1) Human societies had equally high birthrates and death rates during most
of history. But over the past century, population growth in the United States,
Japan, and much of Europe slowed dramatically. Demographers developed a
hypothesis to explain this shift. According to this hypothesis, these countries
have completed the demographic transition, a dramatic change from high
birthrates and death rates to low birthrates and death rates. The demographic
transition is divided into three stages.

(2) To date, the United States, Japan and Europe have completed the
demographic transition. Parts of South America, Africa, and Asia, are passing
through stage II. (The United States passed through stage II Between 1790
and 1910.) A large part of human population growth is happening in only ten
countries, with India and China in the lead. Globally, human population is still
growing rapidly, but the rate of growth is slowing down.

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Future Population Growth

(3) To predict how the world's population will grow, demographers consider
many factors, including the age structure of each country and the effects of
diseases on death rates, especially in Africa and parts of Asia. Current
projections suggest that by 2050 the world population will reach 9 billion
people. Will the human population level out and become stable? This may
happen if countries that are currently growing rapidly complete the
demographic transition.
(4) Current data suggest that global human population will grow more slowly
over the next 50 years than it grew over the last 50 years. But because the
growth rate will still be higher than zero in 2050, our population will continue
to grow.
38. The word shift in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………
..........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى‬1( ‫كلمة "تحول" في البرقراف‬
(A) plan
(B) result
(C) change
(D) accident
39. The word rates in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………………
.......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "معدلات" في البرقراف‬
(A) calendars
(B) amounts
(C) wholes
(D) tables
40. What will lead countries to have a stable population growth?
‫ما الذي سيقود البلدان إلى تحقيق نمو سكاني مستقر؟‬
(A) decreasing birth rates only
(B) passing birth control laws
(C) finding the right hypothesis

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(D) completing the demographic transition

41. Why will the population continue to grow in 2050?
‫؟‬2050 ‫لماذا سيستمر النمو السكاني في عام‬
(A) because there will be fewer diseases
(B) because there will be more growth in China
(C) because the death rate will be less than zero
(D) because the growth rate will be more than zero
Passage 9
Psychoanalysis
What are the aims and methods of psychoanalysis?
(1) Although most of today's therapists do not practice therapy as Sigmund
Freud did, his psychoanalytic techniques survive. Psychoanalysis is part of our
modern vocabulary, and its assumptions influence many other therapies.
Aims
(2) Psychoanalysis assumes that many psychological problems are fueled by
childhood's residue of supposedly repressed impulses and conflicts.
Psychoanalysts try to bring these repressed feelings into conscious awareness,
where the patient can deal with them. By gaining insight into the origins of
the disorder - by fulfilling the ancient imperative to know thyself" in a deep
way - the patient "works through" the buried feelings. The theory presumes
that healthier, less anxious living becomes possible when patients release the
energy they had previously devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts.
Methods
(3) Psychoanalysis is historical reconstruction. Its goal is to unearth the past in
hope of unmasking the present. But how?
(4) When Freud discarded hypnosis as unreliable, he turned to free
association. Imagine yourself as a patient using the free association
technique. The analyst invites you to relax, perhaps by lying on a couch. He or
she will probably sit out of your line of vision, helping you focus attention on
your internal thoughts and feelings. Beginning with a childhood memory, a
dream, or a recent experience, you say aloud whatever comes to your mind
from moment to moment. It sounds easy, but soon you notice how often you
edit your thoughts as you speak, omitting material that seems trivial,
irrelevant, or shameful. Even in the safe presence of the analyst, you may
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pause momentarily before uttering an embarrassing thought. You may make

a joking remark or change the subject to something less threatening.
Sometimes your mind may go blank or you may find yourself unable to
remember important details.
(5) To the psychoanalyst, these blocks in the flow of your free associations
indicate resistance. They hint that anxiety lurks and that you are repressing
sensitive material. The analyst will want to explore these sensitive areas by
making you aware of your resistances and by interpreting their underlying
meaning. The analyst's interpretations - suggestions of underlying wishes,
feelings, and conflicts - aim to provide people with insight. If offered at the
right moment, the analyst's interpretation - of, say, your not wanting to talk
about your mother - may illuminate what you are avoiding. You may then
discover what your resistances mean and how they fit with other pieces of
your psychological puzzle.
(6) Freud believed that another clue to repressed impulses is your dreams'
hidden content. Thus, after inviting you to report a dream, the analyst may
offer a dream analysis, suggesting its hidden meaning.
(7) During many such sessions you will probably disclose more of yourself to
your analyst than you have ever revealed to anyone. Because psychoanalytic
theory emphasizes the formative power of childhood experiences, much of
what you reveal will pertain to your earliest memories. You will also probably
find yourself experiencing strong positive or negative feelings for your
analyst. Such feelings may express the dependency or mingled love and
anger that you earlier experienced toward family members or other important
people in your life. When this happens, Freud would say you are actually
transferring your strongest feelings from those other relationships to the
analyst. Analysts and other therapists believe that this transference exposes
long-repressed feelings, giving you a belated chance to work through them
with your analyst's help. By examining your feelings toward the analyst, you
may also gain insight into your current relationships.
(8) Note how much of psychoanalysis is built on the assumption that
repressed memories exist. That assumption is now questioned. This challenge
to an assumption that is basic to so much of professional and popular
psychology is provoking intense debate.
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(9) Critics also say that psychoanalysts' interpretations are hard to refute. If, in
response to the analyst's suggested interpretation, you say, "Yes! I see now",
your acceptance confirms the analyst's interpretation If you emphatically say,
"No! That doesn't ring true," your denial may be taken to reveal more
resistance, which would also confirm the interpretation Psychoanalysts
acknowledge that it's hard to prove or disprove their interpretations. But they
insist that interpretations often are a great help to patients.
(10) Traditional psychoanalysis is slow and expensive. It requires up to several
years of several sessions a week with a highly trained and well-paid analyst.
(Three times a week for just two years at $100 or more per hour comes to
about $30,000.) Only those with a high income can afford such treatment.

(11) Although there are relatively few traditional psychoanalysts,

psychoanalytic assumptions influence many therapists, especially those who
make psychodynamic assumptions. Psychodynamic therapists try to
understand patients' current symptoms by exploring their childhood
experiences, They probe for supposed repressed, emotion-laden information.
They seek to help people gain insight into the unconscious roots of problems
and work through newly resurrected feelings. Although influenced by Frend’s
psychoanalysis, these therapists may talk to people face to face (rather than
out of the line of vision), once a week (rather than several times weekly), and
for only a few weeks or months (rather than several years).

42. What two things can psychoanalysis begin with? ‫بأي شيئين يمكن أن يبدأ‬
‫التحليل النفسي بهما؟‬
(A) an embarrassing thought or joke
(B) an embarrassing thought or dream
(C) a childhood memory or joke
(D) a childhood memory or dream
43. What are two characteristics of traditional psychoanalysis?
‫ما هي سمتان من سمات التحليل النفسي التقليدي؟‬
(A) slow and shameful OB
(B) slow and expensive
(C) shameful and trivial
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(D) trivial and expensive

Passage 10
Nano wood
(1) Expanded polystyrene (or “Styrofoam") is an excellent insulator. That's why
it's a popular material for insulating buildings—and why those cheap little
cups of deli coffee still burn your tongue after 30 minutes. But its
environmental record leaves something to be desired. It's non-biodegradable,
harmful to animals who accidentally eat it and made from potential
carcinogens or cancer-causing chemicals.
(2) Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed a super-
lightweight insulating material they say could prove to be a better, more eco-
friendly alternative. The material, made from tiny wood fibers, is called Nano
wood. It blocks heat at least 10 degrees better than Styrofoam or silica
aerogel, a common insulator, and it can take a least 30 times more pressure
than 45n crushed.
(3) Working in the lab of materials scientist Liang Bing Hu. postdoctoral
researcher Tain Li is the lead author on the study, published in the journal
science Advances.
(4) Hu and his team had been working on Nano cellulose, the Nano-sized
version of the fibrous material that makes plants and trees rigid. Nano
cellulose has an impressive strength-to-weight ratio, about eight times
greater than of steel.
(5) For the Nano wood, the them removed the lignin, the polymer that holds
the cells of wood together Removing the lignin, a heat conductor. gave the
resulting product powerful capabilities. It also turned the product white which
means it reflects light. The think Nano wood has enormous potentials as a
green, material. Using it could potentially «save billion» in energy costs says
Li.
44. What is one negative effect of Styrofoam? ‫ما هو أحد الآثار السلبية‬
‫للستايروفوم؟‬
(A) It has chemicals that may lead to cancer.
(B) It blocks a great amount of heat.
(C) Animals are unable to eat it.
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(D) It is weaker than steel.

45. The word alternative in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……

.......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "بديل" في البرقراف‬
(A) ingredient
(B) material
(C) option
(D) connection
46. The word Impressive in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to …………..
.........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬4( ‫كلمة "مثير للإعجاب" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) unknown
(B) extraordinary
(C) huge
(D) powerful
47. What happens when lignin is removed from Nano wood?
‫ماذا يحدث عند إزالة اللجنين من خشب النانو؟‬
(A) Nano wood can hold greater pressure.
(B) Nano wood becomes stronger than steel.
(C) Nano wood is used as eco-friendly building material.
(D) Nano wood's ability to hold heat is greatly increased
Passage 11
Global Millionaires

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48. How many millionaires did Australia lose between 2015 and 2016?
‫؟‬2016‫ و‬2015 ‫كم عدد أصحاب الملايين الذين خسرتهم أستراليا بين عامي‬
(A) 10,000
(B) 11,000
(C) 12,000
(D) 13,000
Passage 12
Statistics
(1) In statistics, we generally want to study a population. You can think of a
population as a collection of persons, things, or objects under study. To study
the population, we select a sample. The idea of sampling is to select a portion
of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain
information about the population.
(2) Data are the result of sampling from a population. Because it takes a lot of
time and money to examine an entire population, sampling is a very practical
technique. If you wished to calculate the overall grade point average at your
school, it would make sense to select a sample of students who attend the
school. The data collected from the sample would be the students' grade
point averages. In presidential elections, opinion poll samples of 1,000 to
2,000 people are taken. The opinion poll is supposed to represent the views
of the people in the entire country. Manufacturers of canned carbonated
drinks take samples to determine if a 16-ounce can contain 16 ounces of
carbonated drink. From the sample data, we can calculate a statistic. A
statistic is a number that represents a property of the sample.
(3) One of the main concerns in the field of statistics is how accurately a
statistic estimates a parameter. The accuracy really depends on how well the
sample represents the population. The sample must contain the
characteristics of the population in order to be a representative sample.
49. How can statistics be more accurate? ‫كيف يمكن أن تكون الإحصائيات أكثر‬
‫دقة؟‬
(A) by using a lot of time and money.
(B) by finding the overall average
(C) by asking people's opinions.
(D) by using the right sample.
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50. Why does the writer use the word If in Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2(‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "إذا " في البرقراف‬
(A)To show that you would select a sample after finding the average.
(B)To show that you would select a sample instead of finding the average.
(C) To show that you would select a sample unless you want to find the
average.
(D) To show that you would select a sample because you want to find the
average.
51. What does the writer think the selected sample should do?
‫ماذا يعتقد الكاتب أن العينة المختارة يجب أن تفعل؟‬
(A) closely represent the population
(B) be the main concern of statistics
(C) be a small section of the population
(D) have more accuracy than an entire population
52. What does the passage say about statistics? ‫ماذا تقول القطعه عن الإحصاء؟‬
(A) They help us know what the total population is.
(B) They only use a sample of the population.
(C) They accurately estimate a parameter.
(D)They help politicians win elections.
Passage 13
Structuralist Psychologists
(1) The earliest psychologists that we know about are the Greek philosophers
Plato (327-428 BC) and Aristotle (384-322 BC). These philosophers asked
many of the same questions that today's psychologists ask; for instance, they
questioned the distinction between nature and nurture and the existence of
free will. In terms of the former, Plato argued on the nature side, believing
that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn, whereas Aristotle was
more on the nurture side, believing that each child is born as an “empty slate”
(in Latin a tabula rasa) and that knowledge is primarily acquired through
learning and experience.
(2) European philosophers continued to ask these fundamental questions
during the Renaissance. For instance, the French philosopher René Descartes
(1596-1650) also considered the issue of free will, arguing in its favor and
believing that the mind controls the body through the pineal gland in the
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brain (an idea that made some sense at this time but was later proved
incorrect). Descartes also believed in the existence of innate natural abilities. A
scientist as well as a philosopher, Descartes dissected animals and was among
the first to understand that the nerves controlled the muscles.
He also addressed the relationship between mind the mental aspects of life)
and body (the physical aspects of life). Descartes believed in the principle of
dualism that the mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body.
Other European philosophers, including Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). Jolm
Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). also weighed in
on these issues. psychologist Wundt (1832–1920), who developed a
psychology laboratory in Leipzig Germany. and the American psychologist
William James (1842–1910), who founded a psychology laboratory at Harvard
University.
(3) Wundt's research in his Laboratory in Liepzig focused on the of
consciousness Itself. Wundt and his students believed that it was possible to
analyze the basic elements of the mind and to classify our conscious
experiences scientifically. Wundt began the field know as structuralism, a
school of psychology whose goal was to Identify the basic elements or
«structures» of psychological experience. Its goal was to create a «periodic
table» of the «elements of sensations» similar to the periodic table of
elements that had recently created in chemistry.
(4) Structural used the method of introspection to attempt to create a map of
the elements of consciousness Introspection involves asking research
participants to describe exactly what they experience as they work on mental
tasks. such as viewing colors. reading a page in a book or performing a math
problem.
instance, that he saw some black and colored straight and curved marks on a
white background. In other studies the structuralists used newly invented
reaction time instruments to systematically assess not only what the
participants were thinking but how long it took them to do so. Wundt
discovered that it took people longer to report what sound they had just
heard that to simply respond that they had heard the sound. These studies
marked the first time researchers realized that there is a difference between
the sensation of a stimulus and the perception of that stimulus, and the idea
382
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of using reaction time to study mental events has now become a mainstay of
cognitive psychology
(5) Perhaps the best known of the structurnlists was Edward Bradford
Titchener (1867-1927). Titchener was a student of Wundt who came to the
United States in the late 1800s and founded a laboratory at Comell
University. In his research using introspection, Titchener and his students
claimed to have identified more than 40,000 sensations, including those
relating to vision, hearing, and taste.
(6) An important aspect of the structuralist approach was that it was rigorous
and scientific. The research marked the beginning of psychology as a science,
because it demonstrated that mental events could be quantified. But the
fundamental problem that these philosophers faced was that they had few
methods for settling their claims. Most philosophers didn't conduct any
research on these questions. In part because they didn't yet know how to do
it, and in part because they weren't sure it was even.
53. What does Descartes' principle of duality deal with?
‫ما الذي يتعامل معه مبدأ ديكارت للازدواجية؟‬
(A) body and mind
(B) nerves and muscles
(C) humans and animals
(D) science and philosophy
54. What three examples did the structuralists use to explain introspection?
‫ما هي الأمثلة الثلاثة التي استخدمها البنيويون لشرح الاستبطان؟‬
(A) tasting some food, hearing a sound and performing a math problem.
(B) viewing colors, reading a book and performing a math problem.
(C) tasting some food, reading a book and drawing a picture.
(D) viewing colors, drawing a picture and hearing a sound.
Passage 14
Viruses
(1) Some illnesses are caused by bacteria. Bacteria are alive: They're very small
— you can't see them without a microscope — but they take in nutrients,
reproduce and die. Viruses can make copies of themselves only by hijacking
the cells of the creatures they infect. When the flu virus is outside of your

383
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body — lurking on a doorknob, for instance — it's dead by any definition. But
once inside your body, it shows many of the characteristics of life. Viruses
might even be the descendants of living organisms that shed seemingly
necessary traits to live more efficiently with a little help from our cells).
(2) “Most viruses have molecules — genes and proteins —like us and other
live beings. However, they need another living being to make these proteins,”
says Jordi Paps, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Essex in England.
(3) Some researchers point out that many organisms —including such
parasites as tapeworms that can live in your gut — need hosts to feed them
and help them reproduce. Viruses aren't so different.
(4) However, others say that all organisms, parasites or not, can make
proteins by themselves, but viruses can't, so this is why they do not consider
them alive, Paps says.
(5) Other scientists see it differently. “Viruses can be regarded similar to
"seeds' of plants”, says Gustavo.
55. What idea do the words “with a little help from our cells" repeat?
‫ما الفكرة التي تكررها عبارة "مع القليل من المساعدة من خلايانا"؟‬
(A) Viruses need a host to live.
(B) Viruses can only infect humans.
(C) Viruses cooperate with living organisms.
(D) Viruses are the descendants of living organisms.

56. What can we understand from Paragraph (1) about viruses?

‫) عن الفيروسات؟‬1( ‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم من البرقراف‬
(A) They are the same as bacteria.
(B) They can be seen with a microscope.
(C) They can be alive when they are outside of a host.
(D) They are only alive when they are inside of a host.
57. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي مما يلي يعتبر حقيقة؟‬
(A) All viruses can live outside of their hosts.
(B) All viruses have molecules and are alive.
(C) Viruses need hosts to live and reproduce.
(D) Viruses can make proteins by themselves.

384
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 15
Private Limited Companies
Passage A: Advantages of a private limited company
(1) Shares can be sold to a large number of people (in some countries there is
a maximum number). These can include friends and relatives - they cannot
advertise the shares for sale to the general public. The sale of shares could
lead to much larger sums of capital to invest in the business than original
partners could manage to raise themselves. The business could therefore
expand more rapidly.
(2) All shareholders have limited liability. This is an important advantage. It
means that if the company failed with debts owing to creditors, the
shareholders could not be forced to sell their possessions to pay the debts.
The shareholders could only lose their original investment in the shares - their
liability is limited to the original investment. Shareholders in a company have
less risk than sole traders and partners. Limited liability encourages people to
buy shares, knowing that the amount they pay is the maximum they could
lose if the business is unsuccessful. It is important that the people and other
businesses that deal with a private limited company know that it is not a sole
trader or a partnership. Creditors, for example, need to be aware that if the
business did fail, then they could not take the owners to court to demand
payment from their savings. For this reason, all private limited company
names must end with 'Limited', or 'Ltd' as an abbreviation. In some countries,
although not the UK, this title is amended to 'Proprietary Limited' or (Pty) Ltd'.
There can be many shareholders, but they need permission from other
shareholders to sell their shares.

Passage B: Disadvantages of a private limited company

(1) There are significant legal matters which have to be dealt with before a
company can be formed. In particular, two important forms or documents
have to be sent to the Registrar of Companies.
(2) The Articles of Association - This contains the rules under which the
company will be managed - the rights and duties of all of the directors; rules

385
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

concerning the election of directors and the holding of official meetings; and
the procedure to be followed for the issuing of shares.
(3) The Memorandum of Association - This contains very important
information about the company and the directors. The official name and the
address of the registered offices of the company must be stated. The
objectives of the company must be stated as well as the number of shares to
be bought by each of the directors.
(4) Both of these documents are intended to make sure that companies are
correctly run and to reassure shareholders about the purpose and structure of
the company. Once these documents have been received by the Registrar of
Companies, then a Certificate of Incorporation will be issued to allow the
company to start trading.
(5) The shares in a private limited company cannot be sold or transferred to
anyone else without the agreement of the other shareholders. This rule can
make some people reluctant to invest in such a company because they may
not be able to sell their shares quickly if they require their investment back.
(6) The accounts of a company are less secret than for either a sole trader or
a partnership. Each year the latest accounts must be sent to the Registrar of
Companies and members of the public can inspect them. Owners have to be
prepared to allow more information about their business to be known to
other people.

(7) Most importantly for rapidly expanding businesses, the company cannot
offer its shares to the general public. Therefore, it will not be possible to raise
really large sums of capital to invest back into the business.

58. What do passages A and B say about a private limited company?

‫ماذا تقول القطعتان "أ" و "ب" عن الشركة الخاصة المحدودة؟‬
(A) Its shareholders have low personal financial risk, but they must get
permission to sell their shares.
(B) Its shareholders can be a large number of people, but they must be
friends and relatives.
(C) It must write articles of association and publish names and addresses of all
its workers.
386
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) It must use the word 'Limited' or 'Ltd' after its name and create a
company logo.
59. What do passages A and B say about the shareholders of a private limited
company? ‫ماذا تقول القطعتان "أ" و "ب" عن المساهمين في شركة خاصة محدودة؟‬
(A) They must also be directors of the company and go to official meetings.
(B) They have limited liability and so must sell their possessions if the
company fails.
(C) There can be many shareholders, but they need permission from other
shareholders to sell their shares.
(D) They find it difficult to sell shares quickly because they need permission
from the Registrar of Companies.
60. What do passages A and B say about a private limited company obtaining
capital investment? ‫ماذا تقول القطعتان "أ" و "ب" عن شركة خاصة محدودة تحصل‬
‫على استثمار رأسمالي؟‬
(A) It can sell shares to the general public and expand more rapidly than a
sole trader.
(B) It must become a (Pty) Ltd company if it needs really large sums for rapid
expansion.
(C) It can raise more than a sole trader, but it is difficult to raise extremely
large sums.
(D) It must offer new shares to family and friends before offering them to the
general public.

387
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 30

Passage 1 ‫تلوث الهواء‬

Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research
now shows us that indoor air pollution be a much greater danger than
outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the
air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. In today's society, most people spend
up to 90% of their time inside buildings. When there inadequate ventilation
and no access to fresh air, all the harmful elements are kept inside. This
condition is known “sick building syndrome” and is made worse because we
seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs.
21. How much of their time do most people spend these days?
‫كم من الوقت يقضيه معظم الناس هذه الأيام في الداخل؟‬
(A) 10%
(B) 24%
(C) 52%
(D) 90%
22. Why does bad air stay inside buildings? ‫لماذا يبقى الهواء السيئ داخل‬
‫المباني؟‬
(A) because the buildings are old.
(B) because the fresh air goes out.
(C) because people want to save energy costs.
(D) because people spend most of their time indoors.
Passage 2
(1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed
one inside the other. The word "matryoshka" literally "little matron", is a
diminutive form of the Russian female first name "Matryona". The first doll set
in Russia was carved in 1890 by Vasily Zvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey
Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a
woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
(2) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired by a doll from
Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions,
388
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

describing it as either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald

old Buddhist monk.
23. The best title for this passage is ………… ....... ‫أفضل عنوان لهذه القطعه هي‬
(A) Arts and Crafts
(B) Children's Toys
(C) Modern Handicrafts
(D) Russian Wood figurines
24. According to Paragraph (2), the idea of nesting dolls most likely started
in………
..............‫ بدأت فكرة دمى التعشيش على الأرجح في‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) Russia
(B) Japan
(C) Paris
(D) America
Passage 3
(1) One type of threat to the ecosystem is endangering an animal species
through overhunting, thus killing them faster than they can reproduce. Some
species now are endangered because of the large profits in the trade of
luxury goods made from materials they provide. For example, elephants are a
prime source for ivory. The trade in goods obtained by killing animals in
danger of extinction is estimated at a minimum of five billion dollars annually.
(2) There is an incredible link that exists between all living and nonliving
things. Thus, although at first it is surprising, the poisoning or deliberate
extermination of animals classified as pests or predators may endanger
animals further down the food chain. Likewise, bringing in animals not native
to a local habitat may upset the ecosystem.
25. The pronoun they in Paragraph (1) refers to ……………
...........‫) يشير إلى‬1( ‫الضمير الوارد في برقراف‬
(A) profits
(B) luxury goods
(C) elephants
(D) animal species
26. According to Paragraph (2), killing harmful animals can ……………
...........‫ قتل الحيوانات الضارة يستطيع أن‬، )2( ‫وفقا للبرقراف‬
389
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(A) affect the food chain

(B) improve the conditions of life
(C) create more land for agriculture
(D) save domestic animals and humans

Passage 4
Plants that lack lignin (or have only small amounts of it) are called herbs. They
can stay upright because each of their cells is filled with water under pressure.
This water pressure or "turgor"-makes them rigid like a well-inflated football.
But such plants wilt when their water supply fails. Vascular plants with lignin,
however, can survive dry periods and can grow far bigger than any herb.
Many herbs have some lignin that toughens them here and there, yet they
remain primarily herby. True wood requires special architecture the lignin-
toughened
cells are very well organized and arranged.

27. Herbs are plants that are …………….‫الأعشاب هي نباتات‬

(A) bigger than vascular plants
(B) made largely of lignin
(C) special in architecture
(D) pressurized by water

Passage 5
Matthew and I have been friends for many years. He’s a really good language
learner. He speaks nine languages and he can understand another ten
without even living in another country. So, I asked him for some ideas on
learning foreign languages. Here are some of them:
1. Think about why you want to learn a language. Maybe there is a book that
you want to read in another language.
2. Find a partner who you can practice the language with. For example, if you
want to learn Chinese, try to find a Chinese speaker.
3. If you can't find a partner, practice new words or phrases by speaking to
yourself.

390
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

4. Have fun: make a short film with a friend, write a story, or gust talk to
anybody about anything.
5. Act like a child. I mean, learn the way children do. For example, don’t worry
if other people are watching you, and don't be afraid to make mistakes.
6. Listening to the sounds of things help you learn how to pronounce. this is a
useful way.
28. The ideas in the passage come from a person who ………………
..........‫تأتي الأفكار الواردة في المقطع من شخص‬
(A) teaches languages
(B) speaks many languages
(C) lives in a foreign country
(D) often travels to foreign countries
29. The pronoun them in the passage refers to ……………….
............ ‫يشير الضمير في القطعه إلى‬
(A) ideas
(B) friends
(C) countries
(D) languages
30. Why is it important to learn like children? ‫لماذا من المهم أن نتعلم مثل‬
‫الأطفال؟‬
(A) They DO NOT have to write stories.
(B) They learn to listen before they speak.
(C) They DO NOT worry about their mistakes.
(D) They like talking to anybody about anything.
31. The word pronounce in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………
............ ‫كلمة "نطق" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) say
(B) write
(C) listen to
(D) remember
Passage 6
"In his paper, Dr. Smith expressed the conservative attitude of some of the
Department's members towards the new program."

391
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

32. Some members have conservative ideas about ……………….

..............‫بعض الأعضاء لديهم أفكار متحفظة حول‬
(A) the new program
(B) the Department
(C) a certain paper
(D) Dr. Smith
Passage 7
(1) Paul attended a weekend workshop on mindfulness training and it had
been great. He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned.
Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline and control one's actions in such a
way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first thing he had
learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be
clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep
all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The
result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then
becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our
goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end. Paul thanked those who had made
presentations and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other
participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he
valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed
learned. He brought presents that would like his two daughters. He and his
wife had been searching for some special lamps for their bedrooms, but
hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found
exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew
his wife would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings
he had purchased.
(3) while he was driving home, suddenly, a shocking realization came to him
an hour after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the
hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he had decided to stop in the gift
shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while driving. From
392
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to
do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four-hour drive
would now be considerably longer than four.

33. According to Paragraph (1), Paul attended a workshop on ………….

..............‫ حضر بول ورشة عمل حول‬، )1( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) energy
(B) discipline
(C) lesson planning
(D) presentation skills
34. According to Paragraph (1), when was the workshop? )1( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
‫متى كانت الورشة؟‬
(A) on a weekend
(B) before the end
(C) during the week
(D) at the end of a weekend
35. According to Paragraph (2), to whom did Paul express his appreciation for
the workshop? ‫ لمن أعرب بول عن تقديره لورشة العمل؟‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) only the presenters
(B) only the businessmen
(C) some of his colleagues
(D) everyone who was present
36. According to Paragraph (2), Paul will use what he learned at the workshop
to control …………… ‫ سيستخدم بول ما تعلمه في ورشة العمل‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
......... ‫للتحكم في‬
(A) his time at the office
(B) the maintenance of memory
(C) the different areas of his life
(D) all aspects of his employment
37. According to Paragraph (3), Paul felt excited when driving home because
…………
..........‫ شعر بول بالحماس عندما كان يقود سيارته إلى المنزل بسبب‬، )3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) he had gifts for the office
(B) he had two wonderful daughters
393
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C) his wife's gifts were so beautiful

(D) he wanted to share what he had learned
38. The word pleased in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………………
......... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلي‬3( ‫كلمة "مسرور" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) good
(B) happy
(C) certain
(D) special
39. According to Paragraph (4), what makes Paul think he needs more time to
master what he learned at the workshop?
‫ ما الذي يجعل بول يعتقد أنه يحتاج إلى مزيد من الوقت لإتقان ما‬، )4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫تعلمه في ورشة العمل؟‬
(A) He forgot his bag.
(B) The gifts were in the bag.
(C) He stopped in the gift shop.
(D) The training time was too short.

Passage 8
(1) None of mankind's modern inventions have had more impact than fire, the
wheel, and writing. It is more accurate to think of these as ancient discoveries
rather than inventions. These three discoveries made a long time ago
continue to make the greatest impact on our world.
(2) Early man observed fire as a natural and very frightening disaster that
could destroy his environment and all that was in it, including himself. Over
time, he learned how to tame it and use it for cooking and keeping himself
warm in cold weather. Fire is now used extensively, even in ways that are not
so obvious. For example, fire is an operating principle in all kinds of engines
that have transformed modern life. Yet there remains a dark side. Weapons of
all kinds utilize fire to enhance their capacity to kill and destroy on a scale
previously unthinkable.
40. The word mankind in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………….
...........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "الجنس البشري" في البرقراف‬
(A) male

394
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(B) female
(C) living creature
(D) human being
41. According to Paragraph (1), the most important discoveries were made
………..
......... ‫) فقد تمت اهم الاكتشافات‬1( ‫بحسب البرقراف‬
(A) a long time ago
(B) by great progress
(C) a short time ago
(D) by modern man
42. The word myriad in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………….
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3( ‫كلمة "لا تعد ولا تحصى" في البرقراف‬
(A) multiple
(B) marginal
(C) invention
(D) discovery
43. The word tamed in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ……………..
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3( ‫كلمة "ترويض" في البرقراف‬
(A) controlled
(B) positioned
(C) displayed
(D) learned
44. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being destructive in this
reading passage? ‫أي مما يلي لم ُيذكر على أنه مدمر في مقطع القراءة هذا؟‬
(A) fire
(B) engines
(C) writing
(D) wheel

Passage 9
(1) If you've ever visited a farm, you may have tried drinking raw milk taken
straight from the cow. That's the way people used to drink milk traditionally,
and fresh, raw milk was once considered a very wholesome and healing food.
However, with the increase in the use of pasteurization and homogenization
395
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

processes, milk has become less like the traditional raw milk that our
ancestors used to drink. Furthermore, more and more people are unable to
drink the highly processed milk without problems.
(2) In pasteurization, milk is heated to a high temperature to kill potentially
harmful bacteria. Some scientists say that the protein structure of milk
changes in this process and many beneficial enzymes are destroyed. In
homogenization, the fat molecules in milk are broken down so that the cream
does not separate in the milk. The smaller molecules of fat may therefore he
more

45. The pronoun That in Paragraph (1) refers to ………….

........... ‫) يشير إلى‬1( ‫الضمير في برقراف‬
(A) visiting a farm to drink raw milk
(B) using raw milk for healing purposes
(C) drinking raw milk just taken from a cow
(D) considering raw milk a wholesome food
46. According to Paragraph (2), why is milk pasteurized?
‫) لماذا تتم بسترة الحليب؟‬2( ‫حسب البرقراف‬
(A) to better absorb fat molecules
(B) to destroy beneficial enzymes
(C) to make it safer for people to drink
(D) to alter the protein structure of milk
47. According to paragraph (2), why might homogenized milk be a health
risk?
‫خطرا على الصحة؟‬ ً ‫ لماذا قد يكون اللبن المتجانس‬، )2( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) The beneficial enzymes are destroyed.
(B) The cream does not separate in the milk.
(C) The milk is no longer drinkable for many people.
(D) The molecules of fat may enter the blood stream.

Passage 10
Some historians consider one man, an Italian pizzeria chef named Rafaelle
Esposito, to be the creator of modern pizzeria in 1889, he made a special
pizza for Queen Margherita with tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and fresh basil
396
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(to represent the red, white, and green colors of the Italian flag) that the
queen highly enjoyed. That is how the original and now world-renowned
pizza Margherita was born and paved the way for pizza to change from being
a peasant’s food to a popular dish for everyone throughout Italy and the rest
of the world.
48. Why do some historians consider Rafaelle Esposito as the founder of
modern pizza?
‫لماذا يعتبر بعض المؤرخين رافاييل إسبوزيتو مؤسس البيتزا الحديثة؟‬
(A) The pizza he made was eaten by a Queen.
(B) The pizza he made used tomatoes from America.
(C) The pizza he made used the colors of the Italian flag.
(D) The pizza he made became a famous dish all over the world.
49. Which of the following is NOT true about pizza Margherita?
‫أي مما يلي غير صحيح عن بيتزا مارغريتا؟‬
(A) It is still considered a peasant's food today.
(B) It was first made by an Italian pizzeria chef.
(C) It is now a well-known dish around the world.
(D) It was designed especially for the queen of Italy.

Passage 11
In the recent past, a handful of colonial rulers allowed wealth to be
accumulated in the hands of a few. The great powers, in turn, enriched
themselves lavishly at the expense of the colonized peoples who were
subjected to poverty, hardship and deprivation. Because of these policies,
poverty remained the lot of the majority. But now that globalization has
become the frame of reference, there is no justification for an ever-smaller
minority to become richer while the majority poor become even poorer. A
situation in which one segment of the global population lives in opulence
while most of the rest live in dire poverty is morally reprehensible. We can --
and in fact we must -- work to reduce the number of those who live in
extreme poverty so that this will be a better world for all.
50. The words great powers in the passage refer to …………………

397
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

............ ‫تشير كلمة "القوى العظمى" في القطعه إلي‬

(A) colonial rulers
(B) colonized peoples
(C) accumulated wealth
(D) global development
51. The frame of reference that can help solve poverty is …………..
..........‫الإطار المرجعي الذي يمكن أن يساعد في حل الفقر هو‬
(A) education
(B) technology
(C) globalization
(D) birth control
52. What is considered to be a moral evil? ‫شرا أخلاقيًا؟‬
ً ‫ما الذي يعتبر‬
(A) the role of knowledge and behavior
(B) the rift between the rich and the poor
(C) the high agenda of the wealthy countries
(D) the development of many global concerns

Passage 12
“When the well's dry, we know the worth of water.”
53. The passage is closest in meaning to ……………..
............‫القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى‬
(A) Nothing lasts forever, but we DON'T normally think about that.
(B) We DON’T know how valuable something is until it is NOT available.
(C) It is a good idea to start a business storing water for the future.
(D) Water is especially important in desert areas.

Passage 13
“Airplanes are not as dangerous as motorcycles.”

54. What does the passage imply? ‫ماذا يعني المقطع؟‬

(A) Airplanes are more dangerous than motorcycles.
(B) Airplanes are less dangerous than motorcycles.
(C) Motorcycles are as dangerous as airplanes.

398
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) Motorcycles are NOT dangerous.

Passage 14
“Look at the photos. In pairs, ask and answer the questions.”
55. You can read this in a …….. ........‫يمكنك قراءة هذا في‬

(A) shop
(B) restaurant
(C) classroom
(D) bank
Passage 15
“Khalid says that sometimes he is ordered by the University to undertake
certain duties but is given insufficient funds to accomplish the task.”
56. Khalid says he is unsuccessful because he lacks ………………
............ ‫خالد يقول إنه فاشل لأنه يفتقر ل‬
(A) time
(B) manpower
(C) money
(D) confidence
Passage 16
“Know something with certainty when we can define its something well.”

57. The word define in the passage is closest in meaning to ………………

.......... ‫"عرف" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
ّ ‫كلمة‬
(A) twist
(B) find
(C) distort
(D) explain

399
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 17
Today's World pages
Cover story 3-13
National news 14-24
Economy and business 25-31
World news 32-40
Entertainment 41-45
Sports 46-55
Editorial 56
58. On which of the pages of Today's World would one probably find a list of
the current trading prices of stock?
‫في أي صفحة من صفحات "عالم اليوم" من المحتمل أن يجد المرء قائمة بأسعار التداول‬
‫الحالية للأسهم؟‬
(A) 3 - 13
(B) 14 - 24
(C) 25 - 31
(D) 41- 45
59. Which of the following pages would most likely contain a story about the
production of a new movie? ‫أي من الصفحات التالية يحتوي على الأرجح على قصة‬
‫حول إنتاج فيلم جديد؟‬
(A) 32
(B) 45
(C) 54
(D) 56
60. In which section would one find a statement of opinion by the publishers?
‫في أي قسم يمكن للمرء أن يجد بيان رأي من قبل الناشرين؟‬
(A) Cover Story
(B) Entertainment
(C) Editorial
(D) National New
400
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 31
Passage 1
My uncle Ahmad is a physician. He helps people when they are sick. When his
patients go to the office, he may ask them to breathe while he listens to their
chest. Then he listens to the sound of the air in their lungs. He may have to
ask them many questions and examine them to see what is making them sick.
He helps people have better health.
21. This passage is about a …….. ....... ‫هذه القطعه تتحدث عن‬
(A) university teacher
(B) medical doctor
(C) patient
(D) nurse
22. The word examine in the passage is closest in meaning to ………………
closely.
.‫عن قرب‬........ ‫كلمة "فحص" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى إلى‬
(A) talking
(B) looking
(C) listening
(D) questioning

Passage 2
Adam is not as tall as Eric. .‫آدم ليس طويل مثل إريك‬
23. The passage says that ……… ........ ‫القطعه تقول أن‬
(A) Eric is taller
(B) Eric is shorter
(C) Adam is taller
(D) Adam and Eric are short

Passage 4
Volcanoes

(1) A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, hot gases
and melted rock from deep within Earth find their way up to the surface. This
material may flow slowly out of a fissure, or crack, in the ground, or it may
401
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

explode suddenly into the air Volcanic eruptions may be very destructive. But
they also create new landforms. There are more than 1.500 potentially active
volcanoes in the world today.
(2) During a volcanic eruption, hot melted rock called magma escapes from a
vent, or opening in Earth's surface, or crust. Magma released from a volcano
is known as lava. Fresh lava ranges from 1.300 to 2.200 o F 700 to 1.200 o C) in
temperature. Earth's crust is made up of huge, rocky pieces called plates. The
plates move slowly over the crust. Most volcanoes lie along the boundaries
between these plates.
(3) Some of the most violent eruptions take place where the edge of one
plate is forced beneath the edge of another. This forces magna to rise to the
surface. Hot gases in the magma make these volcanoes very explosive. Most
volcanoes of this type are found around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This
huge circle of volcanoes is known as the Ring of Fire.
(4) Volcanoes also form in places where two plates slowly pull apart. Molten
rock rises between the plates as they move apart. It causes fissure eruptions,
in which lava flows out over the ground. This type of volcano is common
along the Mid-Atlantic Ride, a mountain chain under the Atlantic Ocean.
Volcanoes in the northern part of this ridge formed the island country of
Iceland. A small member of volcanoes are not located along the edges of
places. They form at "hot spots” in Earth’s crust. At a hot spot, molten rock
rises from deep below the crust. The volcanoes of Hawaii are the best
examples of hot-spot volcanoes.
(5) The word volcano comes from the name of Vulcan. The ancient romans
god of fire and metalworking. The Roman believed that volcano eruptions
resulted when Vulcan made thunderbolts and weapons for the gods. Other
cultures explained volcanoes as ordinates of anger from a god goddess. pele
was the name of the volcano goddess of the native Hawaiians. Volcanoes
have a long history of distinction. In ad 79, the eruption of Mount volcanoes
destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
(6) Two of the deadliest volcanic eruptions happened in 1815 and 1883 on
islands in what is now Indonesia. In 1815, Mount Tambora released so much
ash into the air that it blocked out large amount of sunlight. Temperatures
around the world dropped for months afterword, making 1816 a “year without
402
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

summer”. in 1853 the volcano Krakatoa exploded and collapsed triggering a

colossal sea wave known as a tsunami. tens of thousands of people were
killed by these.
(7) On May 8, 1902, Mount Pelee erupted on the Caribbean Island of
Martinique. Although very little lava flowed, an unstoppable black cloud of
hot gases and ash engulfed the city of Saint-Pierre, killing almost all of its
30.000 people. The birth of a volcano was witnessed between 1943 and 1952,
when a smoking hole in a Mexican farmer's cornfield erupted into a new
mountain called Paricutin that eventually stood 1,400 feet (425 meters) above
the level ground around it.
(8) Another notable event took place in 1963, when a new volcanic island
called Sartsey rose up from the Atlantic Ocean near Iceland. Within a few
years it built up to an area of 1 square mile (25 square kilometers), with a peak
more than 560 feet (170 meters) above sea level.
(9) The 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens, in the U.S. state of Washington,
was one of the biggest in North America. The 1991 eruption of Mount
Pinatubo, in the Philippines, was the largest of the 1900s. These eruptions
killed fewer people than earlier volcanoes, but they still destroyed much
property. Another volcano in Iceland erupted in 2010 and caused major
problems for travelers throughout the world. The volcano produced a huge
ash cloud that spread to the east. It caused many airports in Europe to close
because it was too dangerous for plans to fly through the ash.

25. Which year was called "the year without a summer"? ‫أي سنة سميت "سنة‬
‫بلا صيف"؟‬
(A) 1815
(B) 1816
(C) 1825
(D) 1883
26. Which Island was formed by volcanoes? ‫أي جزيرة تكونت بواسطة البراكين؟‬
(A) Hawaii
(B) Ireland
(C) Iceland
(D) Indonesia
403
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

27. What is lava? ‫ما هي الحمم البركانية؟‬

(A) ash
(B) gas
(C) magma
(D) dust
Passage 5
Advertising
(1) Whenever people give information to the public about an event, a
product, or a service, they are using advertising. A piece of advertising is
called an advertisement, or ad. Ads appear almost everywhere. They are
found in newspapers and magazines. They appear on television, radio, and
the Internet. Ads are also posted as signs in all kinds of public places.
(2) The goal of most advertising is to make the public want to buy whatever is
being advertised. People also use advertising to make the public form
opinions about things. For example, an ad could try to make the public
believe that a company treats its workers well.
(3) When advertisers want many people to see or hear their ads, they pay the
media to have the ads published or broadcast. Newspapers and magazines
publish, or print ads between their articles. Television and radio network
broadcast, or play ads during their programs. Television and radio ads are
also called commercials. Web sites, buses, movie theaters, and many other
places also display ads in exchange for money.
(4) Signs were the fast form of advertising. Even thousands of years ago
people created hand-lettered signs to advertise their goods and services. The
invention of the printing press in the 1400s expanded this type of advertising.
Merchants could print dozens of the same posters and fliers to advertise what
they were selling. In the 1600s and 1700s newspapers appeared in Europe.
The Americas and Japan. Advertising then became even more widespread.
28. What is one important idea related to advertisements that the writer
mentions in Paragraph (2)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالإعلانات التي‬
‫)؟‬2( ‫ذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬
(A) that they are everywhere
(B) that they affect our views
(C) that they give information
404
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) that they help businesses

29. What is one important idea related to advertisements that the writer
mentions in Paragraph (1)? ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة المتعلقة بالإعلانات التي‬
‫)؟‬1( ‫ذكرها الكاتب في البرقراف‬
(A) that they existed thousands of years ago
(B) that they make us want to buy things
(C) that they may change our views
(D) that they are found in all places
30. What does the writer want to show when he mentions that an ad could
make us believe that company treats its workers well?
‫ما الذي يريد الكاتب إظهاره عندما يذكر أن الإعلان يمكن أن يجعلنا نعتقد أن الشركة‬
‫تعامل عمالها بشكل جيد؟‬
(A) that ads can benefit businesses
(B) that ads can convince us to buy
(C) that ads can shape our opinions
(D) that ads can give us information
31. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) the goal of advertising
(B) the harms of advertising
(C) the history of advertising
(D) the importance of advertising

Passage 6
Recycling
(1) As minerals and other resources become scarcer, they also become more
expensive. It then pays to use them more than once. The recycling of
materials may also reduce the amount of energy used in manufacturing. In
turn, this helps to conserve fuels and reduce pollution.
(2) For example, producing aluminum alloys from scrap uses only 5% of the
energy that would be needed to make them from aluminum ores. In 2000,
Europe recycled 64.396 of the aluminum in waste. Germany and Finland do
really well, partly because they have a deposit scheme on cans: they recycle
between 95 and 96% of their aluminum waste.

405
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(3) About 60% of the lead used in Britain is recycled. This seems quite good
until you realise that it also means that 40 of this poisonous substance enters
the environment.
(4) Manufacturing glass bottles uses about three times more energy than if
they were collected, sorted, cleaned and reused. Recycling the glass from
bottles does not save energy but does reduce the demand for sand used in
glass manicure. In 2007, 57% of glass containers were recycled in Britain.
(5) Polythene waste is now also recycled. The plastic is used to make items
such as car seat covers, sports shoes, hi-tech headphones and even bridges.
(6) Waste paper can be pulped and used again, mainly for making paper and
cardboard. Newspapers are de-inked and used again for newsprint. One ton
of waste paper is equal to perhaps 17 trees (Paper is made from wood-pp.) So
collecting waste paper may help to cut a country’s import bill for timber and
spare a few more hectares of this from the spread of commercial forestry.
32. Why is Finland and Germany's recycling program successful?
‫لماذا ينجح برنامج إعادة التدوير في فنلندا وألمانيا؟‬
(A) They reduced commercial forestry.
(B) They sort, clean, and reuse glass.
(C) They have a deposit system.
(D) They collect waste paper.
33. What does the writer think about Britain's lead recycling program?
‫ما رأي الكاتب في برنامج إعادة تدوير الرصاص في بريطانيا؟‬
(A) He believes lead is NOT dangerous
(B) He believes Finland is doing better.
(C) He believes it is very successful
(D) He believes it is NOT doing enough
34. What does the passage say about recycling glass bottles?
‫ماذا يقول المقطع عن إعادة تدوير الزجاجات؟‬
(A) It saves money.
(B) It saves energy.
(C) It saves sand.
(D) It saves fuel.

406
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

35. Which words can we use to replace "such as" in Paragraph (5)?
‫)؟‬5( ‫ما هي الكلمات التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال "مثل" في البرقراف‬
(A) for instance
(B) in addition
(C) of course
(D) after all
36. Which word can we use to replace the word "So" in Paragraph (6)?
‫)؟‬6( ‫ما هي الكلمة التي يمكننا استخدامها لاستبدال كلمة "إذن" في البرقراف‬
(A) Also
(B) However
(C) Meanwhile
(D) Therefore
Passage 7
Malware and Viruses
(1) Malware and viruses are programs that can attack digital devices such as
computers, tablets, phones and others. Virus is a small program created to
harm, or make trouble; by gaining access to your device and infecting, you
can copy your personal data or slow your device down. A virus works by
attaching itself to other files.
(2) By combining the words "malicious" (meaning "damaging") and "software"
we get the word "malware". Viruses are one type of malware. Malware is
made to stop your device from running property and sometimes to steal
information. Your device can be infected very quickly by malware. It could
crash, slow down or turn back on again. Your internet connection may also
down as the virus or worm searches for other devices to infect, or sends your
information back to person or people who created it.
(3) Virus is a type of malware that travels through normal programs. Once
your device has a virus it my pass easily and quickly to other files. A virus
might just slow down your device or it might be so bad that you lose your
applications and documents!
(4) Virus can travel from device to device, but is different from virus as they
don't need to attach themselves to other programs. Worms can copy
themselves hundreds of times, so they can very quickly harm your device and

407
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

other devices. A worm with copy itself onto your account and then send a
copy to all of your email contacts.
37. What is the reason for a slow internet connection? ‫ما سبب بطء الاتصال‬
‫بالإنترنت؟‬
(A) worms attaching to computer programs
(B) too many people on the internet
(C) virus looking for other devices
(D) worms copying themselves
38. What is one negative effect of worms? ‫ما هو أحد الآثار السلبية للديدان؟‬
(A) They delete files.
(B) They become malware.
(C) They affect email contacts.
(D) They attach to other programs.
39. The word device in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………
........ ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬1( ‫كلمة "جهاز" في البرقراف‬
(A) software
(B) program
(C) system
(D) equipment
40. The word infect in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………………………….
........ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬2( ‫كلمة "تصيب" الواردة في البرقراف‬
(A) damage
(B) improve
(C) cancel
(D) connect

408
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫‪Passage 8‬‬

‫?‪41. What was the salary of graduates of upper secondary education in France‬‬
‫ما هو راتب خريجي الثانوية العامة في فرنسا؟‬
‫‪(A) $4,000-$12,000‬‬
‫‪(B) $18,000-$20,000‬‬
‫‪(C) $20,000-$28,000‬‬
‫‪(D) $29,000-$41,000‬‬
‫?‪42. What was the typical salary of graduates of upper secondary in Ireland‬‬
‫ما هو الراتب النموذجي لخريجي الثانوية العليا في أيرلندا؟‬
‫‪(A) more than $60,000‬‬
‫‪(B) more than $45.000‬‬
‫‪(C) more than $33,000‬‬
‫‪(D) more than $29,000‬‬

‫‪409‬‬
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 9
Anatomy
(1) Anatomy is a field in the biological sciences concerned with the
identification and description of the body. structures of living things. Gross
anatomy involves the study of major body structures by dissection and
observation and in its narrowest sense is concerned only with the human
body. "Gross anatomy customarily refers to the study of those body
structures large enough to be examined without the help of magnifying
devices, while microscopic anatomy is concerned with the study of structural
units small enough to be seen only with a light microscope. Dissection is basic
to all anatomical research. The fest record of its use was made by the Greeks,
and Theophrastus called dissection anatomy," from ana termnein, meaning,
"to cut up". Comparative anatomy, the other major subdivision of the field,
compares S e body structures in different species of animals in order to
understand the adaptive changes they have undergone in the course of
evolution.
Grass Anatomy
(2) This ancient discipline reached its culmination between 1500 and 1850, by
which time its subject matter was firmly established. None of the world's
oldest civilizations dissected a human body, which most people regarded with
superstitions awe and associated with the spirit of the departed soul. Beliefs in
life after death and a disquieting certainty concerning the possibility of bodily
resurrection further inhibited systematic study. Nevertheless, knowledge of
the body was acquired by treating wounds, hiding in childbirth. and setting
broken limbs. The field remained speculative rather than descriptive, though,
until the achievements of the Alexandra medical school and its foremost
figure, Herophilus (flourished 300 BCE), who dissected human cadavers and
thus gave anatomy a considerable actual basis for the first time. Herophilus
made many important discoveries and was followed by his younger
contemporary Erasistratus, who is sometimes regarded as the founder of
physiology. In the 2nd century CE, Greek physician Galen assembled and
arranged all the discoveries of the Greek anatomists (scientists who study
anatomy), including with them his own concepts of physiology and his
410
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

discoveries in experimental medicine. The many books Galen wrote became

the unquestioned authority for anatomy and medicine in Europe because
they were the only ancient Greek anatomical texts that survived the Dark
Ages in The form of Arabic (and then Latin) translations.
(3) Owing to church prohibitions against dissection, European medicine in the
Middle Ages relied upon Galen's mixture of fact and fancy rather than on
direct observation for its anatomical knowledge, though some dissections
were authorized for teaching purposes. In the early 16th century, the artist
Leonardo da Vinci undertook his own dissections and his beautiful and
accurate anatomical drawings cleared the way for Flemish physician Andreas
Vesalius to "restore" the science of anatomy with his monumental De humani
corporis fabrica libri septem (1543; "The Seven Books on The Structure of the
Human Body"), which was the first comprehensive and illustrated textbook of
atomy. As a professor at the University of Padua Vesalnis encouraged
younger scientists to accept traditional anatomy only after verifying it
themselves. and this more critical and questioning attitude broke Galea's
authority and placed anatomy on a farm foundation of observed fact and
demonstration.
(4) From Vesalius's exact descriptions of the skeleton, muscles, blood vessels,
nervous system, and digestive tract. This successors in Padua progressed to
studies of the digestive glands and the urinary and reproductive systems.
Hieronymus Fabricius, Gabriello Fallophus and Bartolomeo Estachio were
among the most important itatin anatomists, and their detailed studies led to
fundamental progress in the related field of physiology. William Harvey
discovery of the circulation of the blood, for instance, was based partly on
Fabricius's detailed descriptions of the venous Valves.
(5) The new application of magnifying glasses and compound microscopes to
biological studies in the second half of the 17th century was the most
important factor in the subsequent development of anatomical research.
Primitive early microscopies enabled Marcello Malpighi to discover the
system of tiny capillaries connecting the arterial and venous networks, Robert
Hooke to first observe the small compartments in plants that he called "cells"
and Anrvonie van Leeuwenhoek to observe muscle fibres and spermatozoa.
Thenceforth attention gradually shifted from the identification and
411
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

understanding of bodily structures visible to the naked eye to those of

microscopic size.
(6) The use of the microscope in discovering minute, previously unknown
Features was pursued on a more systematic basis in the 19th century, but
progress tended to be slow until technical improvements in the compound
microscope itself, beginning in the 1830s with the gradual development of
achromatic lenses, greatly increased that instrument's resolving power. These
technical advances enabled Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwan to
recognize in 1838-39 that the cell is the fundamental until of organization all
living things. The need for thinner, more transparent tissue species for study
under the light microscope stated the development of improved methods of
dissection, notably machines called microtomes that can slice specimens into
extremely thin sections. In order to better distinguish the detail in these
sections. Synthetic dyes were used to stain tissues with different colors. This
sections and staining had become standard tools for microscopic anatomists
by the late 19th century. the field of cytology, which is the study of tissue
organization from the cellular level up. Both arose in the 191h century with the
data and techniques of microscopic anatomy as their bodies.

(7) In the 20th century anatomists tended to scrutinize tinier and tinier units of
structure as new technologies enabled them to discern details far beyond the
limits of resolution of light microscopes. These advances were made possible
by the electron microscope, which stimulated an enormous amount of
research on subcellular structures beginning in the 1950s and became the
prime tool of Anatomical research. About the same time, the use of X-ray
diffraction for studying the structures of many types of molecules present in
living things gave rise to the new subspecialty of molecular anatomy.
43. Who were among the first notable people to illustrate their studies of
anatomy?
‫من كان من أوائل الأشخاص البارزين الذين رسموا دراساتهم في علم التشريح؟‬
(A) Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius
(B) Herophilus and Leonardo da Vinci
(C) Alexandrian and Herophilus
(D) Galen and Erasistratus
412
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

44. What things did primitive microscopes allow Antonie van Leeuwenhoek to
study?
‫ما الأشياء التي سمحت المجاهر البدائية لأنتوني فان ليوينهوك بدراستها؟‬
(A) small compartments and muscle fibers
(B) muscle fibers and spermatozoa.
(C) arterial and venous networks
(D) spermatozoa and eyes
45. Which new technologies enabled anatomists to see details beyond the
limits of light microscopes? ‫ما هي التقنيات الجديدة التي مكنت علماء التشريح من‬
‫رؤية تفاصيل تتجاوز حدود المجاهر الضوئية؟‬
(A) increased resolving power and X-ray diffraction
(B) electron microscope and x-ray diffraction
(C) synthetic dyes and achromatic lenses
(D) dissection tools and transparency

Passage 10
Sustainability and Sustainable Development
(1) The definition of sustainability is not nearly as simple as it might seem; the
same is true for the definition of Sustainable development. This is best
illustrated by the fact that there are over 200 different documented
definitions of sustainable development. However, the most common
definition, which was established by the Brundtland Commission in 1987, is
the following:
(2) Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs."
(3) This implies that we need to look after our planet, our Sources, and our
people to ensure that we can live in a stable manner and that we can give our
planet to our children and our grandchildren to live in true suitability.
(4) But what it sustainability? The definition of Suitability may be taken further.
It is widely accepted that to achieve true stability we must balance economic.
Environment and social factors in equal harmony.

413
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

46. The word illustrated in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………….

............‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى إلي‬1( ‫كلمة "يتضح" في البرقراف‬
(A) demonstrated
(B) designed
(C) painted
(D) colored
47. The word documented in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………….
......... ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى إلى‬1( ‫كلمة "موثق" في البرقراف‬
(A) questioned
(B) convinced
(C) suggested
(D) recorded
48. The word implies in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to …………………
...........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى إلى‬3( ‫كلمة "يعني" في البرقراف‬
(A) demands
(B) assumes
(C) suggests
(D) persuades
Passage 11
Non-Western Economic Thought
(1) Western historians of economic thought, like ourselves have a tendency to
focus on Western writers. Whether This is justified or not is a matter or
opinion JA Schumpeter, who wrote a comprehensive, widely respected history
of economic thought in 1954, held that he could find non -Western early
economic writing with any analytic content and further that no piece of
reasoning on strictly economic topics has come down to us that can be called
"Scientific" within our meaning of the term "Schumpeter also pointed to what
he regarded as a curious gap in economic literature between the writings of
the Greeks and Aquinas, a period of nearly one thousand years during which
no economic writings of merit seemed to have been produced.
(2) Scholars since Schumpeter have questioned his conclusions and have
been to find so interesting early economic wines of merit. We will briefly
newly translated works of a seventh century BCE Chinese writer, Oman Zhong
(725-645 BC). For example, in order to give you a favor of his contributions
414
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

and, more broadly to suggest that analysis of economic activity is likely to

occur at various times and places. The majority of early Chinese wings on
economics fit Schumpeter's characterization they were essentially limited to
considerations of public administration within ethical networks, rather than
strictly scientific" studies. Oman Zhong's book Guan zi, however, stands out
as going far beyond the administrative mold. It includes a number of ideas
that central to economic thinking. Probably the most important of these is his
"light/heavy" theory. An anticipation of supply/demand theory. Others include
his anticipation of the quantity theory, his discussion of countercyclical fiscal
policy. and his appreciation for the workings of the market.
(3) Guan Zhong argued that when a good was abundant it became light and
its price would fail. When it was locked away it became heavy, and its price
would rise. There would be movements of goods into and out of markets
based on their lightness and heaviness, with a definite tendency toward one
price- equilibrium. Thus, the light heavy theory is a statement of the law of
supply and demand.

49. What word other than analytic content" does the writer use to talk about
economic writing? ‫ما هي الكلمة الأخرى غير المحتوى التحليلي "التي يستخدمها‬
‫الكاتب للحديث عن الكتابة الاقتصادية؟‬
(A) curious
(B) justified
(C) scientific
(D) comprehensive
50. Which of the following does the writer say is a fact? ‫أي مما يلي يقول الكاتب‬
‫إنه حقيقة؟‬
(A) Schumpeter failed to find non-western scientific economic ideas.
(B) Guan Zhong produced a theory called supply and demand.
(C) The Greeks and Aquinas produced economic literature.
(D) Schumpeter wrote a history of economic literature
51. What can we understand about economic thought from Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما الذي يمكننا فهمه عن الفكر الاقتصادي من البرقراف‬
(A) Schumpeter is the founder of modern economic thought and literature
(B) All economic thought comes from Western sources.
415
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C) The development of economic theories is to his early stages

(D) The were long spells when no economic literature produced
52. What can we understand about Zhong's ideas from Paragraph (3)?
‫)؟‬3( ‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه عن أفكار زونغ من البرقراف‬
(A) Goods will always get more expensive through.
(B) Prices rise and fall depending on the movement of goods.
(C) He named his economic theory: the Law of Supply and Demand.
(D) Goods that are 'locked away are in high-demand and are expensive.

Passage 12
Passage A
(1) Wind power is an alternative energy source. This means that the power of
the wind can be used in place of other energy sources such as coal, oil, and
nuclear reactions. Wind can be used to produce electricity that heats homes
and lights streets and buildings.
(2) Wind power is harnessed by a machine called a wind turbine. Wind
turbines are all towers topped with blades. The blades are connected to a
vertical shaft, or rod. When wind causes the blades to spin, they tum the
shaft. The tuning shaft provides power to a machine called a generator, which
produces electricity. A group of wind turbines, called a wind farm, can be
used to provide electricity to a community. Small turbines provide power for
individual homes.
(3) Wind turbines used to be called winds. The earliest known windmills were
built more than 1,000 years ago. People used them to grind grin. The Dutch
used Windmills to pump water out of low-lying areas near the sea.

Passage B
(1) Wind power is cost-effective. Land-based utility-scale wind is one of the
lowest priced energy sources available today, costing 1-2 cents per kilowatt-
hour to the production tax credit. Because the electricity from wind farms is
sold at a fixed price over a long period of time (e.g. 20+ years) and its fuel is
free, wind energy mitigates the price uncertainty that fuel costs add to
traditional sources of energy.

416
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(2) Wind creates jobs. The US wind sector employs more than 100.000 work ,
and wind turbine tech n is one of the fastest growing American jobs.
According to the Wind Vision Report wind has the potential to Scout more
than 600.000 job in manufacturing. installation, maintenance, and supporting
services by 2050.
(3) It's a clean fuel source. Wind energy doesn't pollute the air like power
plants that rely on combustion of fossil fuels, such as con or a s, which emit
particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide -causing In health
problems and economic damages. Wind Turbines don't produce atmospheric
emissions that cause acid rain. smog, or greenhouse gases.
53. What do Passages A and B say about wind? "‫ماذا تقول القطعتين "أ" و "ب‬
‫عن الرياح؟‬
(A) Wind energy is free in some places.
(B) In the past, wind was used to crush grain.
(C) Wind energy is environmentally friendly.
(D) Wind can be used to produce electricity.
54. What can we understand from Passages A and B about energy sources?
‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" حول مصادر الطاقة؟‬
(A) Burning fossil fuels is expensive and causes pollution
(B) Energy sources include, for example, wind and coal
(C) Wind is a traditional source of energy.
(D) Wind is an alternative energy source.
55. What can we understand from Passages A and B about wind farms?
‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن مزارع الرياح؟‬
(A) A wind farm is easy to build and can provide power to a large number of
people.
(B) Wind farms produce power more cheaply than individual wind turbines.
(C) Wind farms can provide both power and employment for a community.
(D) A wind farm consists of several wind turbines typically on a sea shore.
56. Which of the following best summarizes the usefulness of wind power for
people from Passages A and B?
‫أي مما يلي يلخص بشكل أفضل فائدة طاقة الرياح للأشخاص من القطعتين "أ" و "ب"؟‬
(A) The industry that wind power has created likely to grow in the near future.
(B)
417
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(C)
(D)

Passage 13
(1) Language is a way to communicate. We begin to learn language as infants
and become accustomed to our native language. language therefore
becomes a problem for immigrants, especially between the first and second
generations. This language barrier also results in the second generation
losing their identity.
(2) First generation immigrants in America suffer in lots of areas because of
language difficulties. Naturally, they want their children to speak English both
at home and at school in order to be more successful. This results in their
children losing their ethnic identity and even more. Ignoring their parents
because there is now a language between them.
(3) For example, my three children and they were all born in the States. The
eighteen-years- old daughter speaks both English and Korean very well. She
has no problems talking with her parents, but she does have trouble
understanding Korean jokes, and there are sometimes misunderstandings.
The second daughter is fourteen years old and she resists speaking Korean.
My aunt often gets upset with her because she is much Americanized and
they cannot understand each other Even when my ant punishes her, this
daughter does not understand what my aunt is talking about. I felt sympathy
for my aunt whenever my fourteen-year-old cousin said, "Mom, what is your
problem?
(4) The third child is a twelve-year-old son. He speaks English to his parents
and my aunt speaks Korean to him he does to the second canter. He also has
a problem communicating with his parents. My tis trying to encourage him to
learn both languages, but it is very bed for at because he speaks English all
day and fail to understand why he should learn Korean.
(5) Immigrants try to preserve their native language in their new country while
string to learn a new language. My aunt was her children to succeed in the
US, but she also wants to help them understand the Korean language in order
to understand the Korean heritage. The second generation often gets
confused about their Identity. My aunt's children, for example, see themselves
418
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

as being different from others in both places in the US they look Korean and
in Korea they act like Americans. My cousins told me that when they visited
Korea a few years ago, they felt different because they wore different clothes
and walked differently.
(6) Language is important and valuable for any reasons. Immigrants must
imagine a strong mutual understanding with the family and enable their
children to appreciate the heritage. Being at ease in using both the first and
second languages is important not only for attaining familial harmony, but
also in helping the second generation establish the identity
57. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية لهذه القطعه؟‬
(A) the importance of second language
(B) immigrants and their education
(C) language and identity
(D) immigrants in the US
58. The word suffer in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to having
……………….
...........‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى لامتلاك‬2( ‫كلمة "يعاني" في البرقراف‬
(A) accidents
(B) problems
(C) injuries
(D) Skills
59. According to Paragraph (3), which of the following is NOT TRUE about the
18-year-old daughter? ‫صحيحا بشأن الابنة‬ ً ‫ أي مما يلي ليس‬،)3( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
‫عاما؟‬
ً 18 ‫البالغة من العمر‬
(A) She was born in the U.S.
(B) She speaks only English very well.
(C) She sometimes misunderstands things in Korean
(D) She communicates better with her parents than her brother and sister do.
60. The pronoun they in Paragraph (3) refers to the mother and her …………..
.......... ‫) يشير إلى الأم و‬3( ‫الضمير الوارد في البرقراف‬
(A) second daughter
(B) eldest daughter
(C) children
(D) so
419
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 32
Passage 1
Packaging
(1) Packaging involves designing and producing the container or wrapper for
a product. Traditionally the primary function of the package was to hold and
protect the product. In recent times, however, numerous factors have made
packaging an important marketing tool as well. Increased competition and
clutter on retail store shelves means that packages must now perform many
sales tasks – from attracting attention, to describing the product, to making
the sale.
(2) Companies are realizing the power of good packaging to create
immediate consumer recognition of brand. For example, an average
supermarket stocks 45,000 items; the average Wal-Mart supercenter carries
142,000 items. The typical shopper passes by some 300 items per minute. And
more than 70 percent of all purchase decisions are made in stores. In this
highly competitive environment, the package may be the seller's last and best
chance to influence buyers. Thus, for many companies, the package itself has
become an important promotional medium.
(3) Poorly designed packages can cause headaches for consumers and lost
sale for the company. Think about all those hard-to-open packages, such as
DVD cases sealed with impossibly sticky labels. Packaging with finger-splitting
wire twist-tie, or sealed plastic clamshell containers that take the equivalent of
the fire department's Jaws of Life to open. Such packaging causes what
amazon.com calls "wrap rage" the frustration we feel when trying to free a
product from a nearly impenetrable package. "Amazon.com recently
launched a multi-year initiative to alleviate wrap rage. It's working with
companies such as Fisher-Price, Mattel, Microsoft, and others to create
"frustration-free packaging – smaller, easy to open recyclable packages that
use less packaging material and no frustrating plastic clamshells or wire ties.
These new packages not only reduce customer frustration, they also cut down
on packaging waste and energy usage, "It will take many years" says the
company. "But our vision is to offer our entire catalog of products in
frustration-free packaging.

420
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(4) Innovative packaging can give a company an advantage over competitors

and boost sales. Sometimes even seemingly small packaging improvements
can make a big difference. For example. Heinz revolutionized the 170-year-
old condiments industry by inverting the good old ketchup bottle, letting
customers quickly squeeze out even the last bit of ketchup. At the same time.
It adopted a fridge-door-fit shape that not only slots into shelves more easily
but also have a cap that is simpler for children to open. In the four months
following the introduction of the new package. Sales jumped 12 percent.
What's more? The new package does double duty as a promotional tool says
a packaging analyst. "When consumers see the Heinz logo on the fridge door
every time, they open it. It's taking marketing inside homes."
(5) In recent years, product safety has also become a major packaging
concern. We have all learned to deal with hard-to-open "childproof"
packaging. And after the rash of product tampering scares during the 1980s.
most drag producers and food makers now put their products in tamper-
resistant packages. In making packaging decisions, the company also must
heed growing environmental concerns. Fortunately, many companies have
gone "green" by reducing their packaging and using environmentally
responsible packaging materials.
21. What was the main function of packaging traditionally?
‫ما هي الوظيفة الرئيسية للتغليف تقليديا؟‬
(A) To hold and protect the product
(B) To increase competition and clutter
(C) To design and produce the container
(D) To describe the product and make it safe
22. How many items does a typical shopper pass by in a minute?
‫كم عدد العناصر التي يمر بها المتسوق العادي في دقيقة واحدة؟‬
(A) 45000
(B) 3000
(C) 300
(D) 70
23. How many companies is Amazon working with to reduce "wrap rage"?
‫كم عدد الشركات التي تعمل معها أمازون للحد من "الغضب الشديد"؟‬
(A) 1
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(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
24. According to Paragraph 4), how did Heinz revolutionize the condiments
industry?
‫ كيف أحدثت شركة هاينز ثورة في صناعة التوابل؟‬، )4( ‫وف ًقا للبرقراف‬
(A) By increasing sales
(B) By changing the ketchup bottle
(C) By changing the ketchup recipe
(D) By taking marketing inside homes
25. What percentage increase in sales did Heinz make?
‫ما هي النسبة المئوية للزيادة في المبيعات التي حققتها هاينز؟‬
(A) 12
(B) 15
(C) 170
(D) 1980

Passage 2
Economics
(1) Economics is the study of how wealth is created and distributed. By wealth,
we mean anything of value, including the products produced and sold by
business. How wealth is distributed simply means who gets what.” Experts
often use economics to explain the choices we make and how these choices
change as we cope with the demands of everyday life. In simple terms,
individuals, businesses, governments and society must make decisions that
reflect what is important to each group at a particular time. For example,
suppose you want to take a weekend trip to some exotic vacation spot, and
you also want to begin an investment program Because of your financial
resources, though you cannot do both, so you must decide what is most
important Business firms, governments, and to some extent society face the
same types of decisions. Each group must deal with scarcity when making
important decisions. In this case, scarcity means "lack of resources money.
time natural resources, and so on - that are needed to satisfy a want or need.

422
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(2) Today, experts often study economic problems from two different
perspectives: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is the
study of the decisions made by individuals and businesses. Microeconomics,
for example examines how the prices of homes affect the number of homes
individuals will buy On the other hand, macroeconomics is the study of the
national economy and the global economy. Macroeconomics examines the
economic effect of national income, unemployment, inflation taxes,
government spending interest rates. and similar factors on a nation and
society.
26. What is the writer's main purpose in the passage?
‫ما هو الهدف الرئيسي للكاتب في القطعه؟‬
(A) To study government spending.
(B) To explain how wealth is created and distributed.
(C) To describe economic problems.
(D) To inform about microeconomics and macroeconomics.
27. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about
macroeconomics?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي يذكرها الكاتب حول الاقتصاد الكلي؟‬
(A) It examines the effect of home prices.
(B) It studies national and global economy.
(C) It teaches us how to start an investment program.
(D)It studies decisions made by individuals and businesses.
28. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about scarcity?
‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة التي ذكرها الكاتب عن الندرة؟‬
(A) lack of resources
(B) how wealth is distributed
(C) a result of microeconomics
(D) a choice we make in business only

Passage 3
Writing Genres
(1) There are four main types of academic writing and each of these writing
styles is used for a specific purpose.

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(2) Expository writing is one of the most common types of writing. When an
author writes in an expository style, all they are trying to do is to explain a
concept, imparting information from themselves to a wider audience.
Expository writing does not include the author’s opinion but focused on
accepted facts about a topic, including statistics or other evidence.
(3) Descriptive writing is often found in fiction, though it can make an
appearance in nonfiction as well memories, first hand, accounts of events, or
travel guides). When an author writes in a descriptive style, they are painting
a picture in words of a person, place or thing for their audience. The author
might employ a metaphor or other literary devices in order to describe the
author’s impressions. But the author is not trying to convince the audience of
anything or explain the scene.
(4) Persuasive writing is the main style of writing used in academic papers.
When the author writes in a persuasive style, they are trying to convince the
audience of a position or belief. Persuasive writing contains the author’s as
evidence of the correctness of their position. Any “argumentative” Essay
written in school should be in the persuasive style of writing.
(5) Narrative writing is used almost every longer. Piece of writing, whether
fiction or nonfictions. When an author writes in a narrative style, they are not
trying to import information, they are trying to construct and communicative
a story, complete with characters, conflict and settings.
29. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ما هي الفكرة الرئيسية لهذه القطعه؟‬
(A) Academic writing uses different types of styles.
(B) Children learn about descriptive writing in elementary school.
(C) There are four kinds of writing that are used for different reasons.
(D) Persuasive writing is used when the writer wants to convince an audience.
30. What does Paragraph (2) say about expository writing?
‫) عن الكتابة التوضيحيه؟‬2( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
(A) It is the least common type of writing.
(B) It includes a writer's opinion about a subject.
(C) It has information about today's world events.
(D) It allows the writer to describe an idea to the reader.

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31. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (3)?

‫)؟‬3( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
(A) Descriptive writing is often found in fiction, though it can make an
appearance in nonfiction as well.
(B) When an author writes in a descriptive style, they are painting a picture in
words of a person, place, or thing for their audience.
(C) The author might employ metaphor or other literary devices in order to
describe the author's impressions.
(D) But the author is not trying to convince the audience of anything or
explain the scene.
32. What does Paragraph (3) say about descriptive writing?
‫) عن الكتابة الوصفية؟‬3( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
(A) It deals with paintings and art.
(B) It sometimes appears in works of nonfiction.
(C) It includes the writer trying to convince the audience.
(D) It contains a writer's explanation of the scene for the audience.
33. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (4)?
‫)؟‬4( ‫ما الجملة التي تعطي الفكرة الرئيسية للبرقراف‬
(A) Persuasive writing is the main style of writing used in academic papers.
(B) When an author writes in a persuasive style, they are trying to convince
the audience of a position or belief.
(C) Any "argumentative” essay written in school should be in the persuasive
style of writing.
(D) Persuasive writing contains the author's opinions and biases, as well as
justifications and reasons given by the author as evidence of the correctness
of their position.
34. What does Paragraph (5) say about narrative writing?
‫) عن الكتابة السردية؟‬5( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
(A) It is only found in fiction.
(B) It is usually used in shorter pieces of writing.
(C) It creates a story that it shares with the reader.
(D) It is a mix of descriptive and persuasive writing.

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Passage 4
The Impact of Culture on Marketing Strategies
(1) In marketing, a seller must understand the ways that consumers in
different countries think about and use certain products before planning a
marketing program. There are often surprises. For example, the average
French man uses almost twice as many cosmetics and grooming devices as
his wife. The Germans and the French eat more packaged branded spaghetti
than Italians do. Some 49 percent of Chinese eat on the way to work. Most
American women let down their hair and take off their makeup at bedtime,
whereas 15 percent of Chinese women style their hair at bedtime and 11
percent put on makeup.
(2) Business norms and behavior also vary from country to country. For
example, American executives like to get right down to business and engage
in fast and tough face-to-face bargaining. However Japanese and other Asian
businesspeople often find this behavior offensive. They prefer to start with
polite conversation, and they rarely say no in face-to-face conversations. As
another example, South Americans like to sit or stand very close to each other
when they talk business - in fact, almost nose-to-nose. The American business
executive tends to keep backing away as the South American moves closer.
Both may end up being offended.
(3) By the same token, companies that understand cultural differences can
use them to their advantage when positioning products and preparing
campaigns internationally. Consider LG electronics, the $63 billion-dollar
South Korean electronics, telecommunications and appliance powerhouse. LG
now operates in more than 60 countries and captures more than 81 percent
of its sales from markets outside its home country. LG's global success rests
on understanding and catering to the unique characteristics of each local
market through in-country research, manufacturing and marketing.
35. What is one important idea about marketing in Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة عن التسويق في البرقراف‬
(A) consumers
(B) cosmetics
(C) surprises
(D) devices
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36. What is one important idea about offensive behavior in Paragraph (2)?
‫)؟‬2( ‫ما هي إحدى الأفكار المهمة عن السلوك العدواني في البرقراف‬
(A) standing
(B) conversation
(C) face-to-face
(D) nose-to-nose
37. What is a major difference in bargaining style between American and
South American businesspeople?
‫ما هو الاختلاف الرئيسي في أسلوب التفاوض بين رجال الأعمال الأمريكيين وأمريكا‬
‫الجنوبية؟‬
(A) face-to-face conversations
(B) level of directness
(C) bedtime habits
(D) personal space
38. What makes LG so internationally successful?
‫ما الذي يجعل إل جي ناجحة على المستوى الدولي؟‬
(A) They sell most of their products abroad.
(B) They have knowledge of local market characteristics.
(C) They spend a lot of money on marketing.
(D) They use telecommunications effectively.
39. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي للقطعه؟‬
(A) Each culture has its unique set of business norms and behavior.
(B) Business brings different nationalities closer together.
(C) Business negotiations with other nationalities are full of surprises.
(D) Careful attention to cultural differences leads to success in business.
Passage 5
Irish Potato Famine
(1) Under British rule, three quarters of Irish farmland was used to grow crops
that were exported. The potato was the main source of food for most of the
Irish people. In 1845, disaster struck. A blight or disease destroyed the potato
crop. Other crops, such as wheat and oats, were not affected. Yet British
landowners continued to ship these crops outside Ireland, leaving little for the
Irish except the blighted potatoes. The result was a terrible famine that the
Irish called the 'Great Hunger'. In four years, about one million Irish men,
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women and children died of starvation or disease. Many more emigrated to

the United States and Canada. The Great Hunger left a legacy of Irish
bitterness toward the English.
(2) In the 1850s, some Irish militants organized the Fenian Brotherhood. Its
goal was to liberate Ireland from British rule by force. In the 1870s, moderate
Irish nationalists found a rousing leader in Charles Parnell. He rallied Irish
members of Parliament to press for home rule, or local self-government. The
debate dragged on for ages.
(3) The 'Irish question' disrupted English Politics. At times, political parties
were so deeply split over the Irish question that they could not take care of
other business. As prime minister, Gladstone pushed for reforms in Ireland, he
ended the use of Irish tax money to support the British and tried to ease the
hardship of Irish tenant farmers. New laws prevented landlords from charging
unfair rents and protected the rights of tenants to the land they worked.
(4) Finally, in 1914. Parliament passed a home rule law. But it delayed putting
the new law into effect when World War 1 broke out that year. The southern
counties of Ireland finally became independent in 1921.
40. What does Paragraph (1) say about the Great Hunger?
‫) عن الجوع الكبير؟‬1( ‫ماذا يقول البرقراف‬
(A) It helped improve relations between Ireland and Britain
(B) It made British landowners stop all crop exports outside of Ireland.
(C) It brought about a lot of death and made many Irish people leave their
country.
(D) It helped Prime Minister Gladstone to become the leader of the Irish
nationalists.
41. Why does the writer use the word Yet in Paragraph (1)?
‫)؟‬1( ‫لماذا يستخدم الكاتب كلمة "بعد" في البرقراف‬
(A) To prove that the Irish only liked to eat potatoes most of the time
(B) To give more information about which crops were sent to Canada
(C) To show that crops, like wheat and oats, were also affected by disease
(D) To show that British landowners sold good crops while people were
hungry

428
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42. How did the Irish deal with the problems that followed the Great Hunger?
‫كيف تعامل الأيرلنديون مع المشاكل التي أعقبت الجوع الكبير؟‬
(A) They stopped paying taxes to the British and built an army.
(B) They passed laws to stop landlords from stealing their crops.
(C) They bought oat and wheat crops from nearby European countries.
(D) They created the Fenian Brotherhood to fight back against the British.
43. What does the writer think about the "Irish question"?
‫ما رأي الكاتب في "القضيه الأيرلنديه"؟‬
(A) He believes it divided English people and problems until a solution was
found.
(B) He believes it created a split between Ireland's northern and southern
counties.
(C) He believes it helped the British control Ireland's farms and potato crops
for a very long time.
(D) He believes it created bad feelings towards Irish people who supported
the Fenian Brotherhood.
44. How did prime minister Gladstone deal with the Irish question?
‫كيف تعامل رئيس الوزراء جلادستون مع المسألة الأيرلندية؟‬
(A) He arrested Charles Parnell and other Irish nationalists.
(B) He tried to help Irish farmers through new rent and tax laws.
(C) He left over a million Irish people to die of hunger and disease.
(D) He allowed Irish people to move to the United States and Canada.
Passage 6
Bacterial Disease
How do bacteria cause disease?
(1) Disease-causing agents are called pathogens. Although pathogens can
come from any taxonomic group. bacteria and viruses are among the most
common. All currently known prokaryotic pathogens are bacteria. This is why
the discussion here is restricted to pathogenic bacteria, and it excludes
archaea. However, in the future scientists may well discover that some
archaea are associated with disease.
(2) The French chemist Louis Pasteur was the first person to show
convincingly that bacteria cause disease. Pasteur helped to establish what has

429
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become known as the germ theory of disease when he showed that bacteria
were responsible for a number of human and animal diseases.
Disease Mechanisms
(3) Bacteria produce disease in one of two general ways. Bacteria cause
disease by destroying living cells or by releasing chemicals that upset
homeostasis. Some bacteria destroy living cells and tissues of the infected
organism directly, while some cause tissue damage when they provoke a
response from the immune system. Other bacteria release toxins (poisons)
that interfere with the normal activity of the host.
Damaging Host Tissue
(4) One example of a pathogen that damages host tissue is the bacterium
that causes tuberculosis. This pathogen is inhaled into the lungs, where its
growth triggers an immune response that can destroy large areas of tissue.
The bacterium also may travel through blood vessels to other sites in the
body, causing similar damage.
Releasing Toxins
(5) Bacteria that produce toxins include the species that causes diphtheria,
and the species responsible for a deadly form of food poisoning known as
botulism. Diphtheria has largely been eliminated in developed countries by
vaccination, but outbreaks of botulism still claim many lives.
45. What happened because of Louis Pasteur's research about bacteria?
‫ماذا حدث بسبب بحث لويس باستير عن البكتيريا؟‬
(A) People learned how diseases can start.
(B) People learned how to stop all diseases.
(C) People learned that diseases are common.
(D) People learned that diseases can be made.
46. What do toxins made by one species of bacteria cause?
‫ما الذي تسببه السموم التي ينتجها نوع واحد من البكتيريا؟‬
(A) a new kind of lung disease
(B) a disease found in animals
(C) an ancient type of virus
(D) an illness that can kill

430
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47. What is one negative effect of tuberculosis? ‫ما هو أحد الآثار السلبية لمرض‬
‫السل؟‬
(A) It can cause deadly diseases
(B) It causes damage to body tissue
(C) It destroys blood vessels in the body
(D) It releases toxins that cause food poisoning
48. The word produce in paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………
............ ‫) هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬3( ‫كلمة "إنتاج" في البرقراف‬
(A) create
(B) destroy
(C) prevent
(D) respect
49. The word growth in paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ………
........... ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬4( ‫كلمة "نمو" في البرقراف‬
(A) death
(B) decrease
(C) description
(D) development
50. The word response in paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ………
............ ‫) هي الأقرب في المعنى ل‬4( ‫كلمة "استجابة" في البرقراف‬
(A) memory
(B) reply
(C) delay
(D) method
Passage 7

431
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51. Which group has the lowest number of days absent?

‫أي مجموعة لديها أقل عدد أيام غياب؟‬
(A) Men who sleep between 7 and 8 hours.
(B) Women who sleep between 7 and 8 hours.
(C) Men and women who do not stay up late at night.
(D) Men and women who sleep at least 8 hours a night.\

Passage 8
California Strawberries
(1) Agricultural abundance is a pillar of the California dream. In 2016 the state
turned out more than $45 billion worth of meat, milk and crops. Long before
nutritionists agreed that fresh fruits and vegetables should be the center of
American diets, California farmers had planted much of their land in these
products, and today they produce half of the nation's fruits, vegetables and
nuts.
(2) But although fruits and vegetables are vaunted as healthy foods, their
impact as crops is quite different. On many California produce farms wages
are low, working conditions are poor and farmers use enormous quantities of
pesticides and precious water. This is the central contradiction of California
agriculture
(3) California's strawberry industry is the state's sixth most important
commodity in terms of the value of crops sold. Strawberries are attractive
reasonably nutritious and occasionally tasty fruits and can be grown and
eaten within California nearly year-round. But the industry's growth has relied
on heavy use of toxic chemicals and now growers face heightened restrictions
on some of their most favored chemicals: soil fumigants.
(4) Unfortunately, less toxic or non-chemical strategies that would allow
strawberries to be grown for a mass market, maintaining affordable prices,
are elusive and likely to remain so.
(5) Although strawberry production once was scattered throughout the state,
by the 1960s, it had concentrated in coastal zones to take advantage of sandy
soils and mild temperatures. Thereafter, the industry saw tremendous growth
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in productivity. In Monterey and Santa Cruz counties alone, acreage more

than tripled and production increased tenfold from 1960 to 2014. Much of this
growth was enabled by advances in plant breeding and use of plastic tarps to
absorb heat, allowing growers to increase the length of strawberry seasons.
(6) But the main driver of growth has been the use of pre plant chemical
fumigants. Growers hire pest control companies to fumigate soils before
planting strawberries in order to kill soil-borne pests most importantly, plant
pathogens such as Verticillium dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina
Without such treatment, these pathogens cause strawberry plants to wilt and
die.
(7) Now, however, the industry's fumigant of choice methyl bromide can no
longer be used in strawberry fruit production. In 1991 methyl bromide was
banned under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that used in nursery
production to ensure that starter plants are virus- and pathogen-free. One
potential replacement, methyl iodide, was approved for use in late 2010. But it
was withdrawn from the market in 2012, following an activist campaign and
lawsuit that accused California regulators of performing an inadequate review
of potential health risks to workers and the general public. Among other
things, the chemical is a known neurotoxin and carcinogen.
(9) Other fumigants are still allowed, but their use is increasingly restricted by
buffer zones and township quotas. Consequently, growers are contending
with heightened levels of plant disease, some from pathogens that had never
before been evident in California strawberry fields.
(10) Can California find a less toxic way to raise 90 percent of the nation's
fresh strawberries? Although the strawberry industry is investing significant
resources into non-chemical alternatives to manage soil-borne disease, the
obstacles are formidable. The entire production system, including reliance on
fumigants, is embedded into the cost of land.

(11) Fumigation has allowed growers to plant on the same blocks of land. year
after year, and not worry about soil disease. With fumigation available to
control.
(12) Together these innovations have allowed growers to keep prime
strawberry land in production every year for much of the year, yielding
433
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

exceptional amounts of fruit. High land prices reflect these expectations and
make it unprofitable to grow strawberries using less intensive methods. The
Pacific Ocean's natural summer air-conditioning is attractive to suburbanites
as well as strawberries, so coastal development is putting additional pressure
on the cost of strawberry land while at the same time increasing public
pressure to control use of fumigants.
(13) Informed and concerned consumers ingrained with California's deep
culture of environmentalism have turned to organic strawberries, which they
see as a more sustainable option. As conventional growers took note of this
vibrant market, organic strawberry production rose fivefold between 2000
and 2012, to reach about 3,300 acres planted in 2017, which represents 12
percent of all strawberry acreage.
(14) But although organic growers use non-chemical soil fumigation methods
or rotate strawberries with crops that have a mild disease-suppressing effect,
such as broccoli, few of them fundamentally alter the production system in
other ways.
(15) A small but dedicated set of growers have learned how to raise
strawberries for the long haul without fumigants. However, even they use
starter plants produced on fumigated soil, since no nurseries produce organic
plants. Crucially, for these growers strawberries are a minor crop in what are
otherwise highly diversified systems. And most of these producers are located
outside of prime strawberry growing regions, where land is cheaper. Their
approach therefore is not nearly replicable for growers producing for the
mass market.
(16) These exceptions tell us as much about the limits of California strawberry
production as does mainstream production. Consumers who want organic
strawberries must be willing to live with compromises, pay premium prices.
For others, the dream of affordable year-round strawberries grown without
toxic chemicals is already an impossible one.
52. What are two plant pathogens that harm strawberries?
‫ما هما مسببات الأمراض النباتية التي تضر بالفراولة؟‬
(A) verticillium dahliae and macrophomina phaseolina
(B) methyl bromide and methyl iodide
(C) methyl iodide and macrophomina phaseolina
434
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

(D) verticillium dahliae and methyl bromide

53. Between which years did organic strawberry production rise by fivefold?
‫من بين أي السنوات التي ارتفع فيها إنتاج الفراولة العضوية خمسة أضعاف؟‬
(A) 1960 and 2014
(B) 2005 and 2015
(C) 2010 and 2012
(D) 2000 and 2012

Passage 9
Forensic Science
Forensic science is the application of science to answer questions related to
the law. Biologists as well as chemists and biochemists can be forensic
scientists. Forensic scientists provide scientific evidence for use in courts, and
their job involves examining trace material associated with crimes. Interest in
forensic science has increased in the last few years, possibly because of
popular television shows that feature forensic scientists on the job. Also, the
development of molecular techniques and the establishment of DNA
databases have updated the types of work that forensic scientists can do.
Their job activities are primarily related to crimes against people such as
murder and assault. Their work involves analyzing samples such as hair,
blood. and other body fluids and also processing DNA found in many
different environments and materials.
54. The word evidence in the passage is closest in meaning to ………………..
........... ‫كلمة "دليل" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) people
(B) methods
(C) facts
(D) experiments
55. The word examining in the passage is closest in meaning to ………………
........... ‫كلمة "فحص" في القطعه هي الأقرب من حيث المعنى ل‬
(A) creating
(B) destroying
(C) proving
(D) testing
435
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 10 Hypnosis
(1) Those who study hypnosis agree that its power resides not in the
hypnotist but in the subject's openness to suggestion. To some extent, nearly
everyone is suggestible. When people standing upright with their eyes closed
are told repeatedly that they are swaying back and forth, most will indeed
sway a little. In fact, postural sway is one of the items on the Stanford
Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale that assesses a person's hypnotizability. During
the assessment, a hypnotist gives a brief hypnotic induction and then
presents a series of suggested experiences that range from easy (one's
outstretched arms will move together) to difficult (with eyes open one will see
a nonexistent person).
(2) Those who are highly hypnotizable - say, the 20 percent who can carry out
a suggestion not to smell or react to a bottle of ammonia held under the
nose - are still likely to be the most hypnotizable 25 years later. These
hypnotically susceptible people, frequently become deeply absorbed in
imaginative activities. Typically, they have rich fantasy lives and easily become
absorbed in the imaginary events of a novel or movie. Many researchers
therefore refer to hypnotic.
56. What can we understand about hypnosis? ‫ماذا يمكن أن نفهم عن التنويم‬
‫المغناطيسي؟‬
(A) Everyone is hypnotizable.
(B) Most people are hypnotizable.
(C) 20% of people are hypnotizable.
(D) Young people are most hypnotizable.

57. Which of the following is the writer's opinion? ‫أي مما يلي رأي الكاتب؟‬
(A) In hypnosis, the subject is more important than the hypnotist.
(B) It is good to be able to focus your attention completely on a task.
(C) The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale is a good test.
(D) Everyone should read novels and watch movies.

436
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Passage 11
Passage A: Aristocratic leadership:
(1) This is also sometimes termed authoritarian leadership. It refers to a
leadership or management style which assumes that information and decision
making are best kept at the top of the organization. It is also characterized
by:
- One-way communication (down ward).
- Minimal delegation or decentralization.
- Close supervision of employees.
(2) Martha Stewart, An American enter renew, build up a vast global business
venture, including publishing, television broad casting and online commerce,
despite, or perhaps of her reputation as an autocratic leader, unlike this style,
the leader determines objectives, allocate tasks and expects obedience from
subordinates. In these circumstances employees become very dependent
upon the leader as they do not have the necessary information (or
confidence) to act on their own initiative.
(3) Organization managed in an authoritarian style can face difficulties.
People avoid making decisions so that matters to be decided are either
passed up for the decisions to be made at a higher level, or decision are
made by committees as it is more difficult to dismiss all the members of a
committee for jointly making a wrong decision senior management tends to
be overworked and stud turnover tends to be high. This style of leadership
becomes difficult to operate successfully as an organization grows.
(4) As with all the behavior leadership classifications the term autocratic
manager covers a spectrum styles. Extreme autocratic management with
result in subordinated having no freedom of action. More evident autocratic
leadership will allow for possibility of some discussion or persuasion. This
implies that limited two-way communication may occur.
Passage A: Democratic leadership
(1) Democratic leadership (sometimes called participative leadership entails
operating a business according to decisions agreed by the majority decision
may be agreed formally through a voting system but are more likely to the
result of informal discussions. Typically, democratic leadership encourages
some of the following.
437
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Ship encourages some of the following:

- The leader delegates a great deal and encourages decentralization.
- The leader and subordinator discuss issues and employee participation
actively encouraged.
- The leader acts upon advice, and explains the reasons for decisions.
- Subordinates have greater control over their own working lives.
(2) The successful operation of this style requires excellent communication
skills on the part of the leader and the ability to generate effective two-way
communications. A considerable amount of management time may be spent
on communication in one form or another. This approach, helps to develop
the skills of subordinates and generally results in a more satisfied work form.

58. What can we understand from passages A and B about leadership?

‫ما الذي يمكن أن نفهمه من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن القيادة؟‬
(A) It results in a satisfied workforce.
(B) It requires a person to influence others to work.
(C) It becomes more difficult as an organization grows.
(D) It requires employees to be dependent on their leader.
59. According to passages A and B, what type of communication can take
place in both leadership styles?
‫ ما نوع الاتصال الذي يمكن أن يحدث في كلا الأسلوبين‬، "‫وف ًقا للقطعتين "أ" و "ب‬
‫القياديين؟‬
(A) downward
(B) limited
(C) two-way
(D) informal
60. What can we understand from Passages A and B about leadership styles?
‫ماذا يمكننا أن نفهم من القطعتين "أ" و "ب" عن أساليب القيادة؟‬
(A) They only include downward communication
(B) They influence how decisions are made.
(C) The leader delegates a great deal.
(D) Workers depend on their leaders.

438
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 33
Passage 1
Pony (gold) express
The Pony Express was a system that delivered mail on horseback between
Missouri and California. The service lasted for only about a year and a half in
the early 1860s. Nevertheless, the Pony Express is well remembered in stories
about the American West.
Beginning in the 1840s many people from the eastern United States began to
move to the west. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 and in Colorado
and Nevada in 1859 brought thousands of explorers in search of riches. Other
people came to settle the land or to start a new life. By 1860 some 40,000
members of the religious group known as Mormons had settled in what is
now Utah. The population of Oregon also greatly increased. The new settlers
often came into conflict with the Native Americans who already lived on the
land. More settlers continued to arrive, however.
Mail from the East took a long time to reach these people. In 1851 the United
States government arranged to send mail to California and Oregon by sea.
However, it took about a month for a letter to travel from New York to
California. Then a stagecoach service was begun, but this took 24 days. The
people in the West demanded faster mail service.
The idea of using fast horses or ponies to carry mail may have come from F.X.
Aubrey, who hauled goods down the Santa Fe Trail in freight wagons. The
Santa Fe Trail was an important commercial route during the mid-19th
century. On his trips from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico, Aubrey left
horses along the trail with traders and others. On his return by horseback, he
changed a tired horse for a fresh one.
1) When did they discover Pony?
a. 1980
b. 1848
c.1900
d.2000
2) Who was the first to ride the Pony?
a. Aubrey
b. Daniel
439
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c. Adam
d. Christopher
3) How long did it take for a letter to travel from New York to California?
a) A month
b) A year
c) A week
d) Three months
Passage 2 Tea
Tea has a Chinese name given to a tree or shrub, its leaves, and the drink
made from the leaves, and its evergreen plant. It is attributed to the Camellia
sinensis plant, and its original home is eastern Asia. In its homeland it grows
to a height of 9 m, but on farms it prunes small bushes 90-150 cm tall. Its
leaves are lanceolate, dark green, and the flowers are fragrant, white,
yellowish. Tea was mentioned in Chinese works in the third century as a
substitute for strong wines, and was cultivated in the eighth century on a
commercial scale. The Dutch East India Company imported it to Europe, c.
1600, and used it in England (c. 1660). The British East India Company
monopolized its supply to Britain until 1834. It arrived in the American
colonies in 1680 and was the beverage of choice until it was replaced by
coffee. And tea is the most consumed beverage after water, and the most
important tea-producing countries are: India, China, Ceylon, Indonesia, Japan,
Formosa. The main importing countries Britain, the United States of America.
Australia, Russia, Canada, Netherlands. Its cultivation requires light fertile soil,
hot weather, humid air, and abundant rain. Small bushes grown from seeds
are suitable for harvesting after about three years, and these shrubs may
continue to produce for 50 years. The leaves are picked by hand and they are
young and the best are the thin leaves near the top. Leaves are left to wither,
then twisted and heated. In green tea, the leaves are heated as soon as they
are cut. In black (red) tea, the leaves are first fermented for about 24 hours. In
black (red) dragon tea, which is a type of tea that the people of China drink,
the leaves are partially fermented, which is Medium in flavor and colour. Tea
is classified according to the paper size, starting from the smallest. The flavor
of tea is caused by volatile oil, its stimulant property is caused by caffeine, and
440
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

its astringent property is caused by tannin, which decreases in black (red) tea
as a result of fermentation. Sometimes jasmine flower or other fragrant plants
are added to some types of tea to sweeten it.

Passage 3
Vitamin D
Vitamin D can be synthesized by the skin when exposed to UVB radiation.
Therefore, inhabitants of northern Antarctica with a short exposure to sunlight
are at considerable risk of experiencing vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a health condition that affects an important
proportion of the worldwide population. VD deficiency can lead to bone
mineralization defects such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Also, studies in the general population have shown an association of VD
deficiency with increased bone fracture risk and other health problems.

4) Why do the inhabitants of northern Antarctica experience vitamin D

deficiency?
a. not enough sunlight
Passage 4
Diabetes
1) Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body
turns food into energy.
2) Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into sugar (glucose) and
releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it signals
your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the blood sugar into
your body’s cells for use as energy.
3) With diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it as well as it
should. When there isn’t enough insulin or cells stop responding to insulin, too
much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream. Over time, that can cause serious
health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.
For developing countries, urban and rural populations were considered
separately Prevalence of diabetes in adults worldwide was estimated to be

441
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4.0% in 1995 and to rise to 5.4% by the year 2025. It is higher in developed
than in developing countries. The number of adults with diabetes in the
world will rise from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in the year 2025.
The sugar industry paid scientists in the 1960s to play down the link between
sugar and heart disease and promote saturated fat as the culprit instead, newly
released historical documents show.
The internal sugar industry documents, recently discovered by a researcher at
the University of California, San Francisco, and published Monday in JAMA
Internal Medicine, suggest that five decades of research into the role of
nutrition and heart disease, including many of today’s dietary
recommendations, may have been largely shaped by the sugar industry.

Passage 5
Parkinson
Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system
and the parts of the body controlled by the nerves. Symptoms start slowly.
The first symptom may be a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand.
Tremors are common, but the disorder may also cause stiffness or slowing of
movement.
In the early stages of Parkinson's disease, your face may show little or no
expression. Your arms may not swing when you walk. Your speech may
become soft or slurred. Parkinson's disease symptoms worsen as your
condition progresses over time. Although Parkinson's disease can't be cured,
medications might significantly improve your symptoms. Occasionally, your
health care provider may suggest surgery to regulate certain regions of your
brain and improve your symptoms.
In Parkinson's disease, certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain gradually
break down or die. Many of the symptoms are due to a loss of neurons that
produce a chemical messenger in your brain called dopamine. When
dopamine levels decrease, it causes atypical brain activity, leading to impaired
movement and other symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

442
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 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق ‪ 0568955606‬وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬

‫‪Passage6‬‬
‫الرسم البياني الخاص بالجسور‬

‫?‪How long is the bridge in Thailand‬‬

‫‪a) 33 miles‬‬
‫?‪Where is the shortest bridge‬‬
‫‪a) Unites States of America‬‬

‫‪Passage 7‬‬
‫الرسم البياني الخاص بالسيارات‬

‫‪443‬‬
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage 8 (‫)صناعة الورق والبردي‬

1) The paper we use today is made by machine. Trees are cut up and
processed into a mixture called wood pulp. The pulp, containing tiny cellulose
fibers, is pressed and rolled out to form sheets of paper.
2) The first manmade writing material was not paper. About 4,000 years ago,
the ancient Egyptians took the fibrous stems of the papyrus plant, flattened
them, laid them crosswise and pressed them down to stick them together.
When dried, this made a piece of papyrus that could be written on.
3) Paper was first made in China around the year 105 CE by a man called
Ts'ailun. He found a way to make paper from the stringy inner bark of the
mulberry tree. The bark was pounded in water to separate the fibers. This
mixture was then poured into a bamboo tray to let the water drain out. After
that, the soft mat of paper was moved onto a smooth, flat surface to dry.
Later, someone discovered that the paper could be improved by brushing it
with starch to make it stronger.
4) Chinese traders travelled around Asia as far as Samarkand. There, they met
with Arab merchants who learned the secret of making paper and took it to
Spain. Afterwards, the art of papermaking spread throughout the rest of
Europe.
5) Since then, many kinds of machines have been invented and improved
methods discovered for making paper. One of the most important, for
example, was a machine developed in France in 1798. This machine could
make a continuous sheet or web of paper. Before, paper could only be
produced in separate sheets.
. According to Paragraph 2), what did the early Egyptians use to make their
writing material?
A mulberry bark.
B wood pulp.
C bamboo.
D papyrus.
. The word them in Paragraph 2) refers to ……
Ancient Egyptians.
B writing materials.
444
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

C papyrus stems.
D paper.
. The first real paper was made in …….
A China.
B Egypt.
C France.
D Samarkand.
. Who introduced the paper-making process to Europe?
A Ts'ailun.
B Chinese traders.
C the Arabs.
D the Spanish.
. Which component is necessary for making both paper and papyrus?
A tree bark.
B tree wood.
C plant starch.
D fibrous material.

Passage 9
(‫)مناخ بعض مدن المملكة‬

Strong winds will raise dust and sand, reducing visibility over the northern
and central Kingdom between Makkah and Madinah, with the possibility of
increasing temperatures over these regions. Suspended haze will spread over
Qassim, Hail and northern parts of the Riyadh region, limiting visibility and
making driving hazardous. Parts of the central and eastern Kingdom will be
partly cloudy, with chances of rain. Storm clouds may form over the
southwestern and Western highlands, including Abha. Baha and Taif.
. Which parts of the Kingdom may receive rain?
A. the central and eastern parts.
B. the central and northern parts.
C. the northern and eastern parts.
D. the northern and western parts.
. The forecast for Makkah and Medina is ……
445
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

A clear and sunny.

B stormy and cool.
C rainy and cool.
D dusty and hot.
. Which city may expect to see storm clouds?
A Makkah.
B Riyadh.
C Hail.
D Baha.

. Where will it probably be difficult to see clearly while driving?

A Taif.
B Qassim.
C the western highlands.
D the eastern part of the Kingdom.

Passage 10
Automation
(1) Knowing how and where robots and machines could impact the global
economy will help financial executives in a competitive edge in their industries
but predicting which countries are likely to be impacted most by workforce
automation and when isn't as simple as comparing industries across the globe.
(2) A recent McKinsey Global Institute report. A Future That Works: Automation,
Employment, and Productivity, Analyzed the automation potential of 46
countries, representing 80% of the global workforce. Several factors are
considered, including the percentage of work activities that could be
automated using current technology, the number of full-time employees that
could be affected and wages.
(3) The types of activities that have a high potential for automation are physical
tasks in highly structured and predictable environments, data processing and
data collection. Those that have a considerably lower potential for automation

446
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 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

are unpredictable physical work, interactions with others, applying expertise,

and managing others, which is the least susceptible to automation.
(4) Vast differences are expected in how automation will play out across the
globe, as technical, economic, and social factors will determine the pace and
extent of it. But it's hard to say how quickly automation will become reality,
according to the report.
(5) Take manufacturing, for example. One country may save a larger
concentration of work hours in jobs that have higher automation potential,
such as production and administrative support. And another country may have
a higher proportion of work hours in jobs that are less likely to be automated,
such as management and engineering.
. What idea do the words "susceptible to automation" repeat?
(A) workforce automation
(B) robots and machines
(C) automation potential
(D) competitive edge
. What can we understand from Paragraph (2) about the McKinsey Global
Institute research?
(A) It was a large study.
(B) It was an automated study.
(C) It used current technology.
(D) It had an effect on full-time employees.
. Which of the following is an opinion in the passage?
(A) The report considered several factors in the automation process.
(B) Automation of work will become a reality for all workers.
(C) The speed of change to automation is difficult to predict.
(D) The McKinsey report studied 46 different countries.
. Which of the following is a fact?
(A) Physical work can be unpredictable.
(B) The report considered information from 46 countries.
(C) Technology has the greatest effect on full-time employees.
(D) The writers of the report interviewed 80% of the global workforce.
. What idea do the words "administrative support" repeat?

447
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(A) Management and engineering

(B) Data processing and data collection
(C) Technical, economic and social factors
(D) Applying expertise and managing others
. What can we understand from Paragraphs (4) and (5) about automation
around the world?
(A) It will be very difficult to achieve.
(B) It will become a reality very quickly.
(C) It will be different in different countries.
(D) It will have the biggest effect on manufacturing.

Passage 11
Photosynthesis

(1) All living organisms need food. They need it as a source of raw materials to
build new cells and tissues as they grow. They also need food as a source of
energy. Food is a kind of 'fuel' that drives essential living processes and brings
about chemical changes. Animals take in food, digest it and use the digested
products to build their tissues or to produce energy.

(2) Plants also need energy and raw materials but, apart from a few insect
eating species, plants do not appear to take in food. The most likely source of
their raw materials would appear to be the soil. However, experiments show
that the weight gained by a growing plant is far greater than the weight lost
by the soil it is growing in. So there must be additional sources of raw
materials.

(3) Jean-Baptiste van Helmont was a Dutch scientist working in the 17th
century. At that time very little was known about the process of
photosynthesis. He carried out an experiment using a willow shoot. He
planted the shoot in a container with 90.8 kg of dry soil and placed a metal
grill over the soil to prevent any accidental gain or loss of mass. He left the
shoot for 5 years in an open yard, providing it with only rainwater and
distilled water for growth. After 5 years he reweighed the tree and the soil

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and came to the conclusion that the increase in mass of the tree (74.7 kg) was
due entirely to the water it had received. However, he was unaware that
plants also take in mineral salts and carbon dioxide, or that they use light as a
source of energy.

. How is the author's view of "increase in mass" in trees different from the
Dutch scientist, Helmont's view?
(A) It is due entirely to the water they receive.
(B) It is due to the water, air, and soil they receive.
(C) It is due to the water, minerals, carbon dionxide, and sun light.
(D) It is due to a healthy soil, enough water, enough minerals and air.
. What word other than food does the writer use to talk about the need of all
living things?
(A) cell
(B) fuel
(C) material
(D) process
. What can we understand from the passage about the source of food
hypothesis?
(A) Food comes from only carbohydrates and carbon.
(B) Food comes from three different sources.
(C) Food comes from more than four sources.
(D) Food comes from nitrogen and sulfur.

. What can we understand from Paragraph (3) about Helmont's experiment?

(A) It failed because it used dry soil.
(B) It succeeded because it used only rainwater for 5 years.
(C) It failed because it did not pay attention to all things plants need.
(D) It failed because it happened a long time ago before photosynthesis was
even known.
Passage 12
Fish
1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size,
shape, color and habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may
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resemble rocks. All the colors of the rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are
very brightly colored while others can be very dull.
2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters
of Antarctica, hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all
fish get their oxygen from water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain
oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish forces water through its gills. The gills absorb
oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water which then passes out through
the gills.
3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find
more species each year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are
truly amazing animals to study and observe.
. What is the main idea of the passage?
a) the types of fish
b) the colors of fish
c) fish are fascinating animals
d) how fish live and play in water
. The word resemble in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to...............
E. differ from
F. look like
G. live in
H. move
. The word it in Paragraph 2) refers to ……
a) fish
b) water
c) a river
d) oxygen
. According to Paragraph 3), it is expected that in the new Norma the scientists
will find more
a) fish
b) animals
c) kinds of animals
d) species of animals

450
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Passage 13
)‫)البرمجيات المفتوحة والسماح بتجربتها ومشاركتها‬
Free Software
Freeware
(1) Freeware is software a user can download from the internet free of charge.
Once it has been downloaded. there are no fees associated with using the
software (examples include: Adobe, Skype or media players). Unlike free
software, freeware is subject to copyright laws and users are often requested
to tick a box to say they understand and agree to the terms and conditions
governing the software. This basically means that a user is not allowed to
study or modify the source code in any way.
Shareware
(2) In this case, users are allowed to try out some software free of charge for a
trial period. At the end of the trial period, the author of the software will
request that you pay a fee if you like it. Once the fee is paid. a user is
registered with the originator of the software and free updates and help are
then provided. Very often, the trial version of the software is missing some of
the features found in the full version, and these don't become available until
the fee is paid. Obviously, this type of software is fully protected by copyright
laws and a user must make sure they don't use the source code in any of their
own software. Permission needs to be obtained before this software is copied
and given to friends. family or colleagues.
. What does Paragraph (1) say about freeware?
A- It has source code that can be changed.
B- It has rules that users must follow.
C- It is necessary to update it often.
D- It is similar to free software.
. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?
А- Freeware is software a user can download from the internet free of charge.
B- Once it has been downloaded, there are no fees associated with using the
software (examples include: Adobe, Skype or media players).

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C- Unlike free software, freeware is subject to copyright laws and users are
often requested to tick a box to say they understand and agree to the terms
and conditions governing the software.
D- This basically means that a user is not allowed to study or modify the
source code in any way.
. What does Paragraph (2) say about shareware's trial period?
A- You can change the source code.
B- You can share it with friends and family.
C- You can use all of the software's features.
D- You can use the software for a limited time.
. Which of the following statements about shareware Paragraph (2) support?
A- Users can try it before buying it.
B- Users can share it easily with anyone.
C- Users can download it on their phones.
D- Users can create their own software.

452
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Model 34
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on
us!" Mike's arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He
didn't even stop to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept
coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked
shoulder to shoulder with the other smoke jumpers to build a firebreak. His
only thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the
forest.
(2) At last the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful
enough, it would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to
make. Then they would have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his
face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too exhausted to move
because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head and
noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear.
A man was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was
brave only when he forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he
cared very much about the others with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because
……..
(A) he had sweat all over him.
(B) he was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) he had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves
……
(A) working with proper tools
(B) avoiding fire hazards
(C) losing one's courage
(D) caring for others

453
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23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………

(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man

Passage 2
Giant Panda
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The
Chinese government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant
pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs
they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-
old female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were
born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special
diet, and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to
teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu
Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel
comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city
of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The
teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both
English and Chinese.
24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese?
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C) so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
(A) in Sichuan, China
(B) in Atlanta, Georgia
(C) in an American research center
(D) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center.

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Passage 3
Stars
(1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many
different colors. Some are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is
also shown when we take color photographs of the night sky. You can take
such a photograph with an ordinary camera as long as it is kept steady. A
thirty second exposure is sufficient.
(2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have
found that blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However,
there are a few stars which cannot be classified in this way. These are the
superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a blue superstar as big as 40.000 suns and
Beetlejuice is a superstar with a size equal to 17.000 suns.
(3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If
neither of them is a superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star
is closer. Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure
the brightness of a star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star's
distance from the earth it astronomers know the color, brightness and
whether or not it is a superstar.
26. The pronoun it in Paragraph (1) refers to the ……………………..
(A) photograph
(B) exposure
(C) camera
(D) star
27. The word brighter in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ……………..
(A) more colorful
(B) more shiny
(C) smaller
(D) larger
28. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
(A) green
(B) yellow
(C) blue
(D) red

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Passage 4
The Cold War
(1) Starting with major scientific breakthroughs during the 1930's, countries
have developed weapons that are based on nuclear energy. The use of
nuclear weapons reached its height with the outbreak of World War II and the
Cold War. Two of the world's major superpowers, the USA and Soviet Union,
threatened each other with the use of nuclear weapons, which was referred to
as the Cold War.
(2) Although relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had
been strained in the years before World War II, the U.S.-Soviet alliance of
1941–1945 was marked by a great degree of cooperation and was essential to
securing the defeat of Nazi Germany. As late as 1939, it seemed highly
improbable that the United States and the Soviet Union would forge an
alliance. U.S.-Soviet relations had soured significantly following Stalin’s
decision to sign a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany in August of
1939. In spite of intense pressure to sever relations with the Soviet Union,
Roosevelt never lost sight of the fact that Nazi Germany, not the Soviet
Union, posed the greatest threat to world peace. In order to defeat that
threat, Roosevelt confided that he “would hold hands with the devil” if
necessary.
Finally, two devastating atomic bomb attacks against Japan by the United
States, coupled with the Soviets’ decision to break their neutrality pact with
Japan by invading Manchuria, finally led to the end of the war in the Pacific.
Soon after the war, the alliance between the United States and the Soviet
Union began to unravel as the two nations faced complex post- war decisions
(3) At various conferences, the most important of which were at Yalta and
Potsdam, the three powers split Germany and its capital Berlin in two, with
the eastern portion controlled by the Soviet Union and the western portion
controlled jointly by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France.
Additionally, the Soviet Union was given influence over the governments of
several Eastern European states, where they promptly set up loyal,
communist puppet regimes.
(4) The United States and the West feared the creation of this Eastern Bloc, as
Western journalists and government termed it, and the further spread of
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communism and/or totalitarian states in the rest of the world. U.S. foreign
policy became one of containment - essentially, stopping the spread of
communism wherever it could. This was in direct opposition to the Soviet
Union's policy of fostering the spread of communism, especially in its Asian
neighbors. The Americans then feared that the USSR/ Communist influence
that already spread over Eastern Europe, would influence the democracies of
western Europe.
29. In which year did US-Soviet relations sour significantly?
(A) 1939
(B) 1941
(C) 1945
(D) 1962
30. At which conferences did the three powers split Germany?
(A) Cairo and Tehran
(B) Yalta and Potsdam
(C) Berlin and Soviet Union
(D) The United States, the United Kingdom, and France

31`. What was the U.S. foreign policy after World War II?
(A) U.S. foreign policy became one of containment

Passage 5
Demand in Economics
The meaning of demand
(1) Demand refers to both the willingness and the ability of customers to pay
a given price to buy a product or service. The amount of a product or service
demanded at each price level is called the quantity demanded.
(2) In general, the quantity demanded falls as price rises, while the quantity
demanded rises at lower prices. Therefore, there is an inverse relationship
between the price of a product or service and the demand. This rule is known
as the law of demand.
32. The word income in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………
(A) interest
(B) values
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(C) wages
(D) receipt
33. What happens when the price of a good or product increases?
(A) Demand for it increases.
(B) Demand for it decreases.
(C) Demand for it makes prices lower.
(D) Demand for some luxury goods increase.
34. What happens when the price of a product or good decreases?
(A) Demand for it increases.
(B) Demand for it decreases.
(C) Demand for it makes prices lower.
(D) Demand for some luxury goods increase
Passage 6
Visitors to Great Smokey Mountains National Park in The United States.

35. In which year was the least number of visitors?

(A) 2008
(B) 2011
(C) 2013
(D) 2018
Passage 7
What is a Network?
(1) A network is nothing more than two or more computers connected by a
cable (or in some cases, by a wireless connection) so that they can exchange
information.
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(2) Of course, computers can exchange information in other ways besides

networks. Most of us have used what computer nerds call the sneakernet.
That' s where you copy a file to a diskette and then walk the disk over to
someone else's computer. (The term sneakernet is typical of computer nerds'
feeble attempts at humor, and why not? As a way to transfer information,
sneaker- net was pretty feeble).
(3) The whole problem with the sneakernet is that it’s slow— plus, it wears a
trail in your carpet. One day, some penny-pinching computer geeks
discovered that connecting computers together with cables was actually
cheaper than replacing the carpet every six months. Thus the modern
computer network was born.
(4) You can create a computer network by booking all the computers in your
office together with cables and installing a special network interface card (an
electronic circuit card that goes inside your computer — ouch!) in each
computer so you have a place to plug in the cable. Then you set up your
computer s operating-system software to make the network work, and —
voilà — you have a working network. That's all there is to it.
(5) If you don't want to mess with cables, you can create a wireless network
instead. In a wireless network, each computer is equipped with a special
wireless network adapter that has little rabbit-ear antennas. Thus, the
computers can communicate with each other without the need for cables.
(6) Computer networking has its own strange vocabulary. Fortunately, you
don't have to know every esoteric networking term. Here are a few basic
buzzwords to get you by:
)7(Networks are often called LANs. LAN is an acronym that stands for local
area network. It's the first TLA, or three-letter acronym, that you see in this
book. You don’t really need to remember it or any of the many TLAs that
follow. In fact, the only three-letter acronym you need to remember is TLA.
(8) You may guess that a four-letter acronym is called an FLA. Wrong! A four-
letter acronym is called an ETLA, which stands for extended three-letter
acronym. (After all, it just wouldn't be right if the acronym for four-letter
acronym had only three letters.)

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(9) Every computer connected to the network is said to be on the network.

The technical term (which you can forget) for a computer that's on the
network is a node.
(10) When a computer is turned on and can access the network. When a
computer can’t access the network, it’s offline. A computer can be offline for
several reasons. The computer can be turned off, the user may have disabled
the network connection, the computer may be broken, the cable that
connects it to the network can be unplugged, or a wad of gum can be
jammed into the disk drive.
(11) When a computer is turned on working properly, it's said to be up. When
a computer is turned off, broken, or being serviced, it's said to be down.
Turning off a computer is sometimes called taking it down. Turning it back on
is sometimes called bringing it up.
(12) Don't confuse local-area networks with the Internet. The Internet is a huge
amalgamation of computer networks strewn about the entire planet.
Networking the computers in your home or office so they can share
information with one another and connecting your computer to the worldwide
Internet are two entirely separate things.
36. What is a three-letter acronym called?
(A) ETLA
(B) TLA
(C) LAN
(D) FTA
37. What is a four-letter acronym called?
(A) AWOL
(B) LAN
(C) FLA
(D) ETLA
38. What is a "node"?
(A) a computer that is offline
(B) a computer that is broken
(c) a computer on the network
(D) a computer Working correctly

460
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Passage 8
Probability and Randomness
)1(Randomness and uncertainty exist in our daily lives as well as in every
discipline in science, engineering, and technology. Probability theory is a
mathematical framework that allows us to describe and analyze random
phenomena in the world around us. By random phenomena, we mean events
or experiments whose outcomes we can't predict with certainty.

(2) Let's consider a couple of specific applications of probability in order to

get some intuition. First, let's think more carefully about what we mean by the
term’s "randomness" and "probability" in the context of one of the simplest
possible random experiments: flipping a fair coin.
(3) One way of thinking about "randomness" is that it's a way of expressing
what we don't know. Perhaps if we knew more about the force, I flipped the
coin with, the initial orientation of the coin, the impact point between my
finger and the coin, the turbulence in the air, the surface smoothness of the
table the coin lands on, the material characteristics of the coin and the table,
and so on, we would be able to definitively say whether the coin would come
up heads or tails. However, in the absence of all that information, we cannot
predict the outcome of the coin flip. When we say that something is random,
we are saying that our knowledge about the outcome is limited, so we can't
be certain what will happen.
(4) Since the coin is fair, if we don't know anything about how it was flipped,
the probability that it will come up heads is 50%, or 12. What exactly do we
mean by this? There are two common interpretations of the word
"probability." One is in terms of relative frequency. In other words, if we flip
the coin a very large number of times, it will come up heads about 12 of the
time. As the number of coin flips increases, the proportion that come up
heads will tend to get closer and closer to 12. In fact, this intuitive
understanding of probability is a special case of the law of large numbers,
which we will state and prove formally in later chapters of the book.
(5) A second interpretation of probability is that it is a quantification of our
degree of subjective personal belief that something will happen. To get a
sense of what we mean by this, it may be helpful to consider a second

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example: predicting the weather. When we think about the chances that it will
rain today, we consider things like whether there are clouds in the sky and the
humidity. However, the beliefs that we form based on these factors may vary
from person to person - different people may make different estimates of the
probability that it will rain. Often these two interpretations of probability
coincide - for instance, we may base our personal beliefs about the chance
that it will rain on an assessment of the relative frequency of rain on days with
conditions like today.
(6) The beauty of probability theory is that it is applicable regardless of the
interpretation of probability that we use (i.e., in terms of long-run frequency
or degree of belief). Probability theory provides a solid framework to study
random phenomena. It starts by assuming axioms of probability, and then
building the entire theory using mathematical arguments.
39. What is one important idea related to "randomness" that the writer
mentions in Paragraph (3)?
(A) interpretation
(C) probability
(C) doubt
(D) math
40. What is one important idea related to probability that the writer mentions
in Paragraph (4)?
(A) interpretation
(B) experiment
(C) knowledge
(D) result

462
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Model 35
Passage 1 The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on
us!" Mike's arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He
didn't even stop to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept
coming. The more the fire destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked
shoulder to shoulder with the other smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only
thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful
enough, it would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to
make. Then they would have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his
face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was too exhausted to move
because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his head and
noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear.
A man was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was
brave only when he forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he
cared very much about the others with whom he was working.
21) According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because
……..
a) He had sweat all over him.
b) He was covered with back ash.
c) Ben did not give him much help.
d) He had given so much to fight the fire.
22) According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves
……
a) working with proper tools
b) avoiding fire hazards
c) losing one's courage
d) caring for others
23) The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………
a) Ben
b) Mike
c) a fireman
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d) a man

Passage 2 Giant Panda

(2) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The
Chinese government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant
pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs
they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-
old female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were
born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
(3) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special
diet, and even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to
teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu
Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel
comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city
of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The
teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both
English and Chinese.
24)According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan
to learn Chinese?
a) so that she can speak with her caretakers
b) so that she will feel at home in China
c) so that she can forget her English
d) so that she will like her new diet
25) According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
a) in Sichuan, China
b) in Atlanta, Georgia
c) in an American research center
d) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center

Passage 3 COVID-19
1- The COVID-19 Pandemic has blindsided many businesses and with very
good reason. Amidst the Chaos and uncertainty, only the nimble and
flexible have the greatest hope for survival. There are Different approaches
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that could help businesses respond or thrive in the current COVID-19

climate and social media marketing plays a key role in the successful
implementation of these approaches.
2- With most of the population staying at home it is important, wherever
possible, for businesses to Adapt to their customers’ changing
requirements and desires; to adjust their offerings to help their customers
engage with their brand and products from home due to the current
circumstances. This Means making purchasing online or over the phone, a
simple and convenient process and home Delivery readily available and
affordable. Online shopping has become significantly important since the
spread of Covid 19 in 2020. Only those businesses which could adapt their
advertisements to the Change of their customers’ needs could thrive while
others faded away and vanished.
3- Creating a paid advertising campaign on social media platforms such as
Facebook and Instagram can be highly targeted to reach people within a
specific geographical area, from specific age groups and with interests
relating directly to your brand. Also, remember to have the Facebook pixel
installed in your website so that ads can be retargeted to people who have
visited your website. This is the most cost-effective way to advertise on
Facebook and Instagram.
4- Now is the time to increase your social media activities to help and
entertain customers while they are stuck at home. Creating helpful content
to show customers how they can get by at home until they can use your
products again, is one of the best ways to strengthen customer relations.
5- Depending on your business, helpful content could be recipes coming
from a cafe or restaurant, home workouts from a gym, home treatments
from a beauty therapist. Of course, it needs to be relevant and appropriate
for your business.
6- Customers will be grateful that you provided a fun and useful experience
for them while they have been stuck at home. In fact, the Edelman Trust
Barometer Special Report also found that since the beginning of the
COVID-19 Pandemic more than one-third of consumers (82% in China,
60% in India) said that they have started using a new brand because of the
innovative or compassionate way that it has responded." It also showed
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that in Britain, about 30% of online sales increased in February, 2020

demonstrating the efficient value of social media marketing.
26) What is important for business to do when marketing?
1- Keep up with the changing needs and wants of customer
2- To warn customers from the insecurity of online shopping
3- To stop marketing until the end of Covid 19
4- To keep the traditional ways of marketing without any changes
27) What does desires mean in paragraph 2?
1- Choices
2- Interests
3- Requirements
4- Necessities
28) What does the paragraph say about Covid 19 and online shopping?
1- It has gone down.
2- There hasn’t been a difference.
3- It changed significantly in 2020.
4- There was an insignificant increase in online shopping.
29) What % did online sales in the UK increase to in February of 2020?
1- 3%
2- 33%
3- 13%
4- 30%
30) What does the paragraph 6 say about social media marketing?
A. It is effective.
B. It is wasteful.
C. It is terrible.
D. It is useless.

Passage 4 Crime
1- In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or
other authority. The term Crime does not, in modern criminal law, have
any simple and universally accepted definition, though Statutory
definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular
view is that crime is A category created by law; in other words, something
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is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One

proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an
illegal Act that is harmful not only to some individual but also to a
community, society, or the state (“a public Wrong”). Such acts are
forbidden and punishable by law. Therefore, an act is a crime only when it
is in Violation of criminal law.
2- The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited
exists worldwide. What Precisely is a criminal offence is defined by the
criminal law of each relevant jurisdiction. While many Have a catalogue of
crimes called the criminal code, in some common law nations no such
Comprehensive statute exists. So, it would be a great move if the countries
all over the world would Agree on a clearer and more comprehensive
definition of the word, crime.
31) What is a fact according to the writer?
A. Crime is a general term.
B. Crime is a very accurate term that encompasses all possible crimes.
C. There is an agreement among countries on what crime is at all.
D. A crime is a wrongdoing against individuals only.
32) What are alternate words used for illegal acts?
A. Purpose and statutory
B. Offence and community
C. Crime and violation
D. Violation and criminal law
33) What does the writer think about the definition of crime?
a. It is very clear and accurate.
b. It can be made clearer.
c. It is perfect.
d. It includes all the crimes that exist.

Passage 5 Sugar
When you eat or drink too much sugar, the extra insulin in your bloodstream
can affect your arteries All over your body. It causes their walls to get
inflamed, grow thicker than normal and stiffer, this Stresses your heart and

467
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damages it over time. This can lead to heart disease, like heart failure, heart
Attacks, and strokes.
34) What health problem does sugar cause?
a. Your bloodstream
b. It causes low blood pressure.
c. It causes heart diseases.
d. It causes stress

Passage 6 Vitamin D
1- Vitamin D or the sunshine vitamin is an important nutrient for the
body. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weak bones and increase risk of
osteoporosis, bone pain and arthritis. And if a new study is to be believed,
then the vitamin can lead to aggressive behavior in adolescents. Conducted
by researchers at the University of Michigan, the study found a link between
Vitamin D deficiency in young kids to aggression in their adolescent age. The
sunshine vitamin is synthesized in the body in the presence of sunlight.
2- The body needs it to absorb calcium and make bones stronger. That’s why
the people living in Antarctica suffer from vitamin D deficiency because there
isn’t enough sunlight. In a study that was carried in Antarctica, 90% of the 130
expeditioners had a lower bone density at the hip by 2%.
35) What does vitamin D deficiency lead to?
A. weaker bones
B. denser bones
C. relaxation
D. adolescence
36) Why do countries in the Antarctica have a vitamin D deficiency?
A. because it is the southernmost continent.
B. because it has a lot of snow.
C. There isn’t enough sunlight.
D. People there eat a lot of fish
Passage 7 Livestock farming
1- The livestock sector is one of the fastest growing segments of the
agricultural economy, particularly in the developing world. The global
demand for meat, including beef, pork, chicken, and lamb, has tripled in the
468
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past 50 years – due primarily to a growing global population. This increased

demand for meat is paralleled by rising temperatures and sea levels, i.e.
global warming.
2- While on the surface these might seem like two separate phenomena, a
closer look reveals the undeniable link between meat production and climate
change. The relationship between the livestock industry – the rearing of
animals to produce dairy and meat products – and climate change is
becoming more apparent with population growth and globalization
influencing a global shift towards the so-called Western Diet, which is
basically pounds and pounds of meat (usually red meat) paired with high
amounts of saturated fat and sugar.
3- A new study adds to the evidence that eating red meat on a regular basis
may shorten your lifespan. Past research has tied red meat to increased risks
of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The studies have also
pointed to an elevated risk of mortality from red meat intake.
4- Factory farms are the largest user of land resources globally with 80% of
total agricultural land used to grow the crops that feed animals. On a global
scale, a meat-based diet requires almost three times more land than a plant-
based diet. As populations continue to grow and meat demand increases,
more and more deforestation is likely to occur, too, to make room for pasture
lands for beef cattle. Forests are crucial to maintaining biodiversity in wildlife
and also are important carbon sink lands, absorbing carbon dioxide from the
environment.
5- Cutting down trees releases all the absorbed CO2 – putting it back into the
atmosphere – and irrevocably damages wildlife habitats – contributing to an
increase in endangered species by rupturing whole ecosystems paired with
biodiversity loss. Meat Production uses a lot of water; approximately 10% of
water flow worldwide is used for rearing livestock. This is a considerable
amount when we consider the threat of water scarcity as populations increase
and climate-change induced droughts become more frequent.
6- While the consequences of climate change are immense and often difficult
to digest, being more informed about the impact of your individual choices
can make all the difference. Knowing the meat and dairy industry’s negative
environmental impact might give you the motivation you need to reduce
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your animal product consumption and welcome more greens and grains into
your diet. However, the grain prices keep rising due to the livestock farming
which make it even harder for the poor to afford them. This cycle gets vicious
with the passing of time: the increased prices of grains increase the prices of
the livestock feeding and thus products, as well. To break this cycle, it is
advisable for people to cut down on eating red meat to help reduce not only
grains prices, global warming but also water consumption.
37) What does paragraph 2 say about livestock farming regarding the
environment?
A. It causes global warming.
B. It causes population growth.
C. It causes a global shift towards the Western Diet.
D. It causes a decrease in temperature.
38) What do paragraphs 2 and 3 say about eating too much red meat?
A. It hurts the animals.
B. It is good for reducing global warming.
C. It is healthy.
D. It is unhealthy.
39) What does paragraph 5 say about livestock Farming?
A. It releases CO2.
B. It wastes too much water.
C. It produces 10% of water.
D. It doesn’t need much water.
40)What does paragraph 6 say about livestock farming affecting poor?
A. It provides the poor with the needed nutrition.
B. It is too expensive for the poor to buy.
C. It increases the price of grains so the poor can no longer afford it.
D. The poor can afford buying the red meat.
Passage (8) globalization ‫العولمة‬
(1) Many people think globalization is a new phenomenon. In fact, this
process has been happening for thousands of years. For example, some
very old Chinese artifacts have been found in North and South America,
and antique Arabian money has been found as far north as Norway.

470
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(2) What is even more remarkable is how quickly plants from the New World
became staples in the Old World. Hungarian cooking. For example, is
famous for use of red peppers, and the Irish and famous for eating
potatoes. Indian food is an even better example. People in many countries
now often eat Indian food. They seem to enjoy the idea that is the
"traditional" but what is really in it? In many "traditional" Indian dishes, you
will probably find potatoes, tomatoes, squash, corn, and sweet peppers.
Your food may be cooked in peanut oil and have peanuts and cashew
nuts sprinkled on top. For dessert you may have guavas or papaya.
(3) We think of all this food as "traditional" Indian food. Yet sailors brought all
these plants to India from America on ships after 1500. We can also
assume that they took a long time to spread and become popular in their
new homes. So really, they are not that traditional - they are relatively
new. And the same is true for traditional food in many places. The chili
pepper for instance is a main part of the diet from South Africa to
Hungary, from Mexico to Spain, to Yemen to India to China, but it
originated in the Americas. So Globalization is really nothing new. We can
learn a lot about globalization today by studying patterns of globalization
in the past. It is a process that has been happening since man began to
trade.

41) According to paragraph (1). Globalization is often assumed to be a recent

development. In fact, globalization ……………..
a) Originated with the Chinese
b) Went as far north as Norway
c) Has been going on for a long time
d) Is evidenced in North and South America
42) In paragraph (1). Discovered artifacts and antiques came originally from
............"
a) China and Arabia
b) Norway and China
c) North and South America
d) Arabia and North America

471
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43) The word antiques in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ......."

a) Traditional
b) Very distant
c) Metallic
d) Very Old
44) According to paragraph (3), where did most of the plants mentioned in
the passage originate?
a) In North America
b) In Asia and the Americas
c) In North and South America
d) In North America And Europe
45) How does the author use a discussion of plants?
a) To show how they can add variety to our diet
b) To show how quickly new ones spread
c) As an example of globalization
d) To describe Indian food
46) If the passage continued it would probably show why globalization.......
a) Was uncommon in the Old World
b) Was irrelevant to some societies
c) Is important today
d) Is to be discarded

Passage (9) The Suez Canal ‫قناة السويس‬

(1) The Official Opening of The Suez Canal was on November 17, 1869.
Representatives of almost every European royal family attended the
inauguration celebration. Ships from France, Russia, Austria, Italy, Britain
and the United States sailed through the canal. The total cost of the
project was an estimated $105 million, which at the time was a lot of
money. This was more than twice the original estimate. But it was a tiny
sum compared with the cost of a similar project today.

472
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47) by modern standards building the canal was ...........

a) Extremely inefficient
b) Very time- consuming
c) Extremely inexpensive
d) Very important politically.
48) The canal was most important to the ..............
a) Europeans
b) Egyptians
c) Americans
d) Arab world

Passage (10) Dictionaries ‫القواميس‬

(1) Luis wrote a paper for his course in field methods. He asked students how
they used dictionaries and compared their success in learning English.
(2) The conclusions of his research are as follows: students who said they
never or hardly ever used dictionaries often spoke English well but usually
wrote poorly because they made many spelling mistakes. The ones who
looked up very unfamiliar word read very slowly.
(3) Therefore, they did not have time to read much. Those who used small
two-language dictionaries had the worst problems. Their dictionaries often
gave only one or two words as a translation of English. Because one
English word often has meanings in English. These dictionaries did not
give enough information.

49) What is the best title for this passage?

a) Field Methods Course
b) Effective Dictionary Use
c) Students spelling Problems
d) Using Dictionaries for writing
50) The word they in Paragraph (3) refers to ............
a) Words

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b) Students
c) Meanings
d) Dictionaries
51) Students who learned English best ................
a) Used NO dictionary
b) Used a dictionary less often
c) Looked up every word carefully
d) Used small two-language dictionaries

Passage (11) Stress ‫الضغط‬

(1) We generally use the word "stress" when we feel that everything seems to
have become too much. We are overloaded and wonder whether we really
can cope with the demands placed upon us. Anything that poses a
challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress at all, many say our lives
would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However, when the
stresses affect both our mental and physical health they are bad.
(2) The way we respond to a challenge may also be a type of stress. Part of
our response to a challenge is physiological and affects our physical state.
When faced with a challenge or a threat, our body activates resources to
protect us; to either get away as fast as we can. Or fight. This is known as
our 'fight-or-flight' response.
(3) If you are upstairs at home and an earthquake starts, the faster you can
get yourself, and anyone else who might be at home, out the more likely
you are all to survive. If you need to save somebody's life during that
earthquake by lifting a heavy weight that has fallen on them. You will need
parts of your body to be activated to give you more strength.
(4) To do this, our body produces larger quantities of the chemicals cortisol,
adrenaline and noradrenaline, which trigger it to have a higher heart rate.
Heightened muscle preparedness, sweating, and alertness. All these factors
help us protect ourselves in a dangerous or challenging situation.
(5) Non-essential body functions slow down, such as our digestive and
immune systems when we are in a 'fight-or-flight' situation. All resources
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can then be concentrated or rapid breathing, blood flow, alertness and

muscle use.
(6) Most of us have varying interpretations of what stress is about and what
matters, sort of us focus on what happens to us, such as breaking a bone
or getting a promotion. While others think more about the event itself. In
my opinion. What really matters are our thoughts about the situations in
which we find ourselves.
52) The word overloaded in paragraph (1), is closest in meaning to........
a) Feeling NOT listened to
b) Feeling NOT supported
c) Feeling under pressure
d) Feeling overweight
53) What does the expression 'fight or flight response' used in paragraph (2)
mean?
a) Staying in a dangerous situation or facing it
b) Getting away from a dangerous situation very quickly
c) The ways a dangerous situation changes with stress
d) The ways a person's body reacts to a dangerous situation

54) According to Paragraph (3), what is the best advice in the event of an
earthquake?
A- Try to save someone else's life as well as your own
B- Make sure that no heavy weight have fallen on top of you.
C- Try to get out of the building as quickly as possible.
D- Stay inside and wait until the earthquake has finished
55) The word it in paragraph (4) refers to ..........."
A- body
B- cortisol
C- adrenaline
D- noradrenaline
56) According to paragraph (5), what is TRUE about a 'fight or flight'
situation?
A- All body functions are considered essential.
475
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

B- All body functions are considered NON essential.

C- The digestive and immune systems are considered NON essential.
D- The digestive and immune systems are considered essential
57) Why does the author use the pronoun "we" throughout the passage?
A- Because he is describing the experience of someone else.
B- Because he distances himself from the experience he describes
C- Because he is describing an experience unique to himself
D- Because he believes that his feeling will be shared by many others

Passage (12) Bees ‫النحل‬

(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38)
and that they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and
work together to produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more
than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed
correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of
these amazing creatures may also have feelings and emotions similar to those
of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel.
In recent years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a
disturbing rate. Many explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees
are dying because of disease and pesticides. Others say it may be due to
pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for
humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world's crops depend
on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are
they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two
smells. After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the
other smell, they were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose
the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The
scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put in a stressful
situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in
danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells,
and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste
476
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These
bees had become “pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much
more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower
levels of the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean
that the feelings of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans
with mood disorders. This knowledge, along with further investigations into bee
behavior and "feelings" can hopefully be used to understand and remedy their
declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.

58) The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59) Why are bees important to humans?
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.
60) Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

477
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Model 36
Passage 1 OS (‫)نظام تشغيل الحاسب‬

(1) A computer is a set of resources for the movement, storage, and

processing of data and for the control of these functions. The OS is responsible
for managing these resources.
(2) Can we say that it is the OS that controls the movement, storage, and
processing of data? From one point of view, the answer is yes: By managing
the computer's resources, the OS is in control of the computer's basic functions.
But this control is exercised in a curious way. Normally, we think of a control
mechanism as something external to that which is controlled, or at least as
something that is a distinct and separate part of that which is controlled. For
example, a residential heating system is controlled by a thermostat, which is
separate from the heat-generation and heat-distribution apparatus.) This is not
the case with the OS which as a control mechanism is unusual in two respects:
● The OS functions is the same way as ordinary computer software; that is,
it is a program or suite of programs executed by the processor.
● The OS frequently relinquishes control and must depend on the
processor to allow it to regain control.
(3) Like other computer programs, the OS provides instructions for the
processor. The key difference is in the intent of the program. The OS directs
the processor in the use of the other system resources and in the timing of its
execution of other programs; But in order for the processor to do any of these
things, it must cease executing, the OS program and execute other programs.
Thus, the OS relinquishes control for the processor to do some "useful" work
and then resumes control long enough to prepare the processor to do the next
piece of work.
21) What was the writer's main purpose?
a) To convince
b) To entertain
c) To inform
d) To complain

478
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

22) What is one important idea that the writer mentions?

a) The OS controls all computer programs alone.
b) The OS is separate from the system it controls.
c) The OS needs to be to have a break from its work.
d) The OS works like other computer software.

Passage 2 (‫)الأذن الداخلية‬

(1) Within the inner ear, thousands of hair cells detect sound waves and
translate them into nerve signals that allow us to hear speech, music, and other
everyday sounds. Damage to these cells is one of the leading causes of hearing
loss, which affects 48 million Americans.
(2) Each of us is born with about 15,000 hair cells per ear. And once
damaged. These cells cannot regrow. However. Researches at MIT. Brigham
and Women's Hospital. And Massachusetts Eye and Ear have now discovered
a combination of drugs that expands the population of progenitor cells also
called supporting cells) in the ear and encourages them to become hair cells,
offering a potential new way to treat hearing loss.
(3) Because this treatment involves a simple drug exposure, the researchers
believe it could be easy to administer it to human patients. They envision that
the drugs could be injected into the middle ear. From which they would diffuse
across a membrane into the inner ear. This type of injection is commonly
performed to treat ear infections.
(4) Hearing loss is a real problem as people get older. It's very much of an
unmet need, and this is an entirely new approach.
23) What is the author's main purpose?
a) To explain
b) To inform
c) To convince
d) To teach medicine
24) What is one important idea that the author mentions?
a) Men are more likely to suffer from hearing loss.
b) The treatment is injected into the middle ear.
c) Hearing loss affects 48 million Americans.
d) Damaged hair cells cause hearing loss.
479
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

25) What is one important idea that the author mentions?

a) Damaged hair cells cannot regrow.
b) Researchers at MIT completed a study.
c) Each person is born with 15,000 hair cells.
d) The treatment can also treat ear infections.

Passage 3
Compensating Differentials
(‫)التعويض واختلاف حسابات بدل صعوبات الوظائف‬
(1) Jobs that are dangerous or unpleasant must pay more than jobs requiring
similar skills but without the bad attributes. Thus, oil field workers in Alaska's
North Slope, well above the Arctic Circle, earn a premium over workers in
similar jobs in Houston, Texas. The premium – or differential pay – must be
such that the marginal worker is indifferent between the two choices – the
extra pay compensates the worker for the adverse working conditions. This is
why it is known in economics jargon by the phrase of a compensating
differential.
(2) The high salaries earned by professional basketball players are not a
compensating differential. These salaries are not created by a need to induce
tall people to choose basketball over alternative jobs like painting ceilings,
but instead are payments that reflect the rarity of the skills and abilities
involved. Compensating differentials are determined by alternatives, not by
direct scarcity. Professional basketball players are well-paid for the same
reason that Picasso's paintings are expensive: there aren't very many of them
relative to demand.
(3) A compensating differential is a feature of other choices as well as career
choices. For example, many people would like to live in California. for its
weather and scenic beauty. Given the desirability of California over, say,
Lincoln, Nebraska or Rochester, New York, there must be a compensating
differential for living in Rochester, and two significant ones are air quality and
housing prices. Air quality worsens as populations rise thus, tending to create
a compensating differential. In addition, the increase in housing prices also

480
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

tends to compensate – housing is inexpensive in Rochester, at least

compared to California.
26) what does paragraph (1) say about Houston, Texas?
a) It is colder in winter than Alaska
b) It has many more jobs than Alaska
c) It has much higher salaries than Alaska
d) It is easier to work there than in Alaska
27) What does Paragraph (1) say about oil field workers in Alaska?
a) They have different choices from Houston workers
b) They have more holidays than Houston workers
c) They have better salaries than Houston workers
d) They have more skills than Houston workers
28) What does Paragraph (2) say about why basketball players have high
salaries?
a) There are few excellent players
b) Few people choose basketball
c) It is a difficult job
d) They are tall
29) What does Paragraph (3) say about California?
a) It has good air quality
b) It has high house prices
c) It has a lot of oil workers
d) It has many well-paid jobs
30) What does Paragraph (3) say about Rochester?
a) Homes are more expensive there than in California
b) There is less air pollution there than in California
c) The weather is colder there than in California
d) The homes are better there than in California
31) Which sentience gives the main idea of paragraph (3)?
a) In addition the increase in housing prices also tends to compensate
b) Many people would like to live in California, for its weather and scenic
beauty.
c) A compensating differential is a feature of other choices as well as
career choices.
481
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

d) Air quality worsens as populations rise, thus tending to create a

compensating differential.
32) What is the main idea of the passage?
a) People have many different choices in their lives
b) Compensating differentials have an effect on people's life choices
c) Unpleasant and difficult jobs often have higher salaries than easy jobs
d) Compensating differentials mean some people work in difficult places.

Passage 4 External and Internal Recruiting

(‫)التوظيف من داخل او خارج الشركة‬
Passage A: External Recruiting
(1) External recruiting is the attempt to attract job applicants from outside an
organization. External recruiting may include recruiting via newspaper
advertising, employment agencies, and online employment organizations;
recruiting on college campuses, soliciting recommendations from present
employees; and conducting «open houses». The biggest of the online job-
search sites is Monster.com, which has almost all the Fortune 500 companies,
as well as small and medium-sized businesses, as clients. In addition, many
people simply apply at a firm's employment office.
(2) Clearly, it is best to match the recruiting means with the kind of applicant
being sought. For example, private employment agencies most often handle
professional people, whereas public employment agencies (operated by state
or local governments) are more concerned with operations personnel. We
might approach a private agency when looking for a vice president but
contact a public agency to hire a machinist. Procter and Gamble hires
graduates directly out of college. It picks the best and brightest – not those
«tainted» by another company's culture. It promotes its own «inside» people.
This policy makes sure that the company retains the best and brightest and
trains new recruits. Procter and Gamble pays competitively and offers
positions in many countries. Employee turnover is very low.
(3) The primary advantage of external recruiting is that it brings in people
with new perspectives and varied business backgrounds. A disadvantage of
external recruiting is that it is often expensive, especially if private

482
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

employment agencies must be used. External recruiting also may provoke

resentment among present employees.

Passage B: Internal Recruiting

(1) Internal recruiting means considering present employees. Among leading
companies promoted from within. In the companies that hire CEOs from
outside, 40 percent of CEOs are gone after 18 months.
(2) Promoting from within provides strong motivation for current employees
and helps the firm to retain quality personnel. General Electric, ExxonMobil,
and Eastman Kodak are companies dedicated to promoting from within. The
practice of job posting, or informing current employees of upcoming
openings, may be a company policy or required by union contract. The
primary disadvantage of internal recruiting is that promoting a current
employee leaves another position to be filled. Not only does the firm still
incur recruiting and selection costs, but it also must train two employees
instead of one.
(3) In many situations it may be impossible to recruit internally. For example, a
new position may be such that no current employee is qualified, or the firm
may be growing so rapidly that there is no time to reassign positions that
promotion or transfer requires. Unions are culturally specific to countries
other than Saudi Arabia, so test takers may not be familiar with the «union
contract».
33) How many of Britain's CEOs were educated in private schools in 2015?
a) around 38%
b) around 55%
c) around 70%
d) around 87%
34) According to Passages A and B, what is the benefit of promoting within a
company?
a) It helps companies retain the best employees
b) It leaves other positions to be filled
c) It increases employee turnover
d) It is NOT expensive
35) What can we understand from Passages A and B about recruiting?
483
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

a) Recruiting causes resentment among employees

b) Companies have to spend money to recruit
c) It is impossible to recruit internally
d) Recruiting good employees is a long process
36) What can we understand from Passages A and B about promoting
employees?
a) 40% of CEOs are promoted from within
b) Companies set policies for hiring their own employees
c) A transfer to a position at the same level is NOT allowed
d) Employees promoted from within usually leave after 18 months
37) What can we understand from both passages about internal and external
recruiting?
a) They both require the use of employment agencies
b) They both require companies to pay high salaries
c) They both involve training employees
d) They both provide opportunities to work in other countries

Passage 5 - Loss of Energy (‫)فقد الطاقة‬

(1) No system can be perfect in the way it operates. Whenever there is a
change in a system, energy is transferred and some of that energy is
dissipated.
(2) Dissipation is a term that is often used to describe ways in which energy is
wasted. Any energy that is not transferred to useful energy stores is said to be
wasted because it is lost to the Surroundings. Electrical cables Warming up
are a good example of this. It is not useful to have hot wires behind a
television as energy is dissipated to the surrounding air.
(3) In a mechanical system, energy is dissipated when two surfaces rub
together, work is done against friction which camass heading of the two
surface – so the internal (thermal) energy of the surface increases adding
Lubricant between the surfaces reduce this friction and so less heat is wasted,
like on a conveyor belt for example.
(4) In an electrical context – new types of components can be more energy –
efficient, for example, using LED light bulbs as opposed to filament lamps

484
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

causes less energy to be wasted. Normally. Energy is lost by heating up the

surroundings though sometimes energy is dissipated as sound waves.
38) What's the writer's main purpose?
a) to compare
b) to inform
c) to advise
d) to convince
39) What is one important point that the writer mentions?
a) That oil can make conveyor belts work better.
b) That energy can be wasted in the form of sound waves.
c) That hot electrical cables can result in wasted energy.
d) That moving one surface against another causes energy waste.
40) What is one important point that the writer mentions?
a) That various electrical parts save energy to different degrees.
b) That hot television cables can cause waste of energy.
c) That LED lights save energy more than other lamps.
d) That governments are more careful about saving energy now.

Passage 6 Defining Design Problems (‫)مشاكل التصميم‬

Basic engineering design includes defining the problem as a first step. In the
problem definition step, the needs of potential customers are investigated.
potential competitors are identified and their market positions are
characterized: constraints imposed by government regulations or
technological limitations are identified, and constraints on the design effort
such as available personnel, time, and money are established. The problem
definition process results in a clear understanding of the scope of the design
project and the resources available to solve the design problem. This
understanding is often expressed in a problem statement. This understanding
is also expressed in the form of criteria and constraints.
41) The word potential in the passage is closest in meaning to ……
a) new
b) private
c) regular
d) possible
485
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

42) The word criteria in the passage is closest in manning to ……

a) Standards
b) resources
c) goals
d) benefits

Passage 7 Pyramids
Pyramids were constructed by large work gangs over a period of many years.
The Pyramid Age spans over a thousand years, starting in the third dynasty
and ending in the Second Intermediate Period. The Greek historian
Herodotus was told that it took 100,000 men 20 years to build the Great
Pyramid at Giza. Scholars today, however, think it may have been built by
only 20,000 men over 20 years.
One theory suggests that causeways were used to haul the stone blocks on
wooden sleds up the side of the pyramids. The ramps were lubricated with
water to reduce friction when hauling the blocks. As few as 10 men were
needed to drag a stone block up a ramp. There may have been several ramps
on each side of the pyramid at different levels, and a ramp may have been
coiled around the pyramid as it grew in height. Once a stone block reached
its desired level, wooden rockers may have been used to manoeuvre it into
position.
The Ramp Theory is considered by far the most accepted by the Egyptology
community who believe that the pyramid was made by sheer will and human
power suing a massive workforce and incredible intelligence in transporting
the stones across the desert through sleds and ropes. They used wet sand to
drag the stones to reduce the fraction and make the dragging process easier.

43) How many workers did they need to build the pyramids?
a) 100.000 men, 20 years
44) How did they build the pyramids?
b) As 10 men were needed to drag a stone.
45) what did they use to build the pyramids?
c) wet Sand fraction
486
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage (8) Pizza

1- Pizza, which originated in Italy. Is a fast food that is known and loved all
around the world. How did it become so popular? Part of the reason is
that tourists who went to Italy ate it there and loved it. When they returned
to their countries, They looked for Italian restaurants that might have it.
But much more significant in pizza becoming popular worldwide that fact
that lots of American soldiers who were in Italy during World War II ate it
there and then wanted it when they returned to the USA. This dramatic
increase in the demand for pizza in the 1950s led to the development of
special restaurants for pizza.
2 - A shaky pizza parlor opened in California in 1954 which led to the first
pizza restaurant chain that spread throughout the USA and even to other
countries. Soon after that, in 1958, Two young men opened a Pizza Hut in
Kanas. Now there are Pizza Huts all over the world. Other Pizza restaurants
chains soon developed. For example. Domino's Pizza can be found all over
the world. Papa John's Pizza has also become quite popular. This ever
growing demand for pizza led to a market for ready-to-bake frozen pizzas
in supermarkets. Now pizzas can easily be enjoyed not only in restaurants.
But also at home and even in school and hospital cafeterias.
3 - Pizza is a kind of dish that can adapt well in different societies. The
ingredients for pizza can change to fit the taste and desires of a particular
culture. The key reason enabling it to gain worldwide popularity.
Vegetarians – there are many in India and other countries – can simply ask
for vegetables only on a pizza. Beef, Pork, Lamb, or goat – the choice of
meat differs from country to country – can be used. Those who like spicy
food can add their favorite spices. Dessert pizzas are readily available with
or without fruit. Seafood? No problem. Add to this variety of ingredients
the different styles of pizza: deep dish, thin crust, stuffed crust, and the
result is a dish that is adaptable to everyone's taste.
4- While pizza is not exactly a health food since it tends to be high in
calories. It can in fact contain a decent amount of vitamins and minerals due
to the wide range of possible ingredients. Pizza can therefore be nutritious.
All of these factors help explain the worldwide popularity of pizza.
487
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

46) The word there in paragraph 1 refers to……………

a) the united states
b) a pizza restaurant
c) Italy
d) the world
47) According to paragraph (2), the first pizza parlor opened in ......
a) 1954 in California
b) 1954 in Kansas
c) 1958 in California
d) 1958 in Kansas
48) According to paragraph (2), supermarkets began to offer frozen pizzas
because they ........
a) Are healthier than other pizzas
b) Contain a variety of ingredients
c) Wanted to compete with restaurants
d) Wanted to meet the increased demand
49) According to paragraph (3), the main reason for pizzas becoming popular
worldwide is their ability to ................
a) Adapt to different cultures
b) Appeal to vegetarians
c) Have different crusts
d) NOT to spoil quickly
50) According to paragraph (4) Pizza can have a fair amount of vitamins and
minerals because it has…………………..
a) A variety of ingredients
b) A lot of cheese
c) Crunchy crust
d) Different styles
51) According to paragraph (4), Pizza is NOT a good example of a health
food because it is .........
a) Low in fat

488
‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

b) High in calories
c) Short of carbohydrates
d) Short of grains
52) What is the best title for the passage?
a) Pizza Hut
b) Preparing Pizza
c) The Popularity of Pizza
d) How Pizza Came to America

Passage (9) ‫مدائن صالح‬

1) In 2008, Mada'inSaleh was made a UNESCO World Heritage site. This
means that it has become recognized as a place of historical and cultural
importance in the world. It is the only one of Saudi Arabia's 4,000
archeological sites to be honored in this way.
2) Mada'inSaleh is located about 400 kilometers north-west of Medina. Its
early history is well known by all Muslims. The Holy Quran tells us how its
people were punished by Allah. The site had been settled by the tribe of
Thamud. When prophet Saleh – Peace be upon him – warned them to
stop their bad practices and to obey Allah. They refused to listen to him.
They killed a sacred camel that was sent to them. Finally. He – peace be
upon him- told the Thamud that if they did not change their ways and
repent in three days. They would be destroyed. They disbelieved and paid
no attention to his words. So he – peace be upon him – and the true
believers left the city. The rest were all killed by
terrible lightning and an earthquake.
3) The buildings and monuments that we can see today at Mada'inSaleh are
from a later time and are remnants of the great Nabatean Kingdom. Other
famous buildings of this civilization are found in northern Syria and in
Petra in Jordan. Which was the Nabatean capital. The Nabateans also
developed a system of agriculture by digging wells and storing water
underground. At Mada'inSaleh. There are wonderful examples of their
rock- cut tombs. The facades decorated with elaborately carved designs.

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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

The dry desert climate has helped to preserve the buildings and keep
them in excellent condition.
53) According to paragraph (1), why is Mada'inSaleh important in Saudi
Arabia and the world today?
a) It is a great historical and cultural site.
b) It is part of the Nabatean Kingdom.
c) It has caravan routes and trade.
d) It is located near Medina.
54) The word sites in Paragraph (1) is closet in meaning to ………….
a) Civilization
b) Places
c) Tribes
d) Cultures
55) The pronoun Its in Paragraph (2) refers to ......................"
a) Medina
b) The Thamud
c) Mada'inSaleh
d) The Holy Quran
56) According to Paragraph (2), Prophet Saleh – peace be upon him – left
Mada'inSaleh because he ................"
a) Wanted to warn the other people
b) Did NOT want Medina to be destroyed
c) Wanted to see the lightning and earthquake
d) Did NOT want the believers to be destroyed
57) According to Paragraph (3), Petra..................
a) Is a successful commercial city
b) Was the Nabatean capital
c) Was the capital of Jordan
d) Is in northern Syria
58) Which of the following did the Nabteans NOT do?
a) Carve decorations in Medina
b) Make wells and store water
c) Build cities in Syria and Jordan
d) Build rock tombs and monuments
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‫أكاديمية عايد للتدريب‬
 ‫ وإلا تتحمل المسئولية كاملة أمام الجهات المختصة‬0568955606 ‫هذه الملفات خاصة بأكاديمية عايد محمية بحقوق حفظ ونسخ فلا تحاول الحصول عليها بط ريقة غير شرعية إلا عن طريق‬

Passage (10) Penicillin

(1) Penicillin is a powerful drug used for treating many diseases caused by
bacteria. It is grown from molds and was the first of the drugs known as
antibiotics. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by a British scientist named Sir
Alexander Fleming. Through other had earlier noted its antibacterial
effects. At the time, its importance was not realized. In 1939, Australian
scientist Howard Walter Florey and a team of researchers at the University
of Oxford made significant progress in showing the bacterial action of
penicillin.
59) Penicillin was discovered by ....................
a) A team of researchers at Oxford University
b) A team of Australian researchers
c) Fleming
d) Florey
Passage (11) Madagascar ‫مدغشقر‬

Madagascar is world-famous for its lemurs, primates that look something

like a cat crossed with a squirrel and a dog. These animals are unique to
the island and display a range of interesting behaviors. The ring-tailed
lemur, the most recognizable of the species, relies strongly on its sense of
smell and marks its territory with scent glands.
60) The word its in the passage refers to ................
a) Ring-tailed lemur
b) Behavior
c) Species
d) range

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