The Relationship Between Student Sleep Deprivation and their Compulsive

Utilization of Smartphone of UC SHS STEM students.

Gretchen Bagnisen, Jessielyn Camado, Justin EJ Elaydo, Kenny Dale Gay-yaman, Sheanna Mae Nidoy, Moraine
Gaile Ricablanca, Mayne Stephanie Terrado
University of the Cordilleras, Senior High School

Abstract
Do not put anything here. This will be done in your PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2.

Keywords: Sleep Deprivation, Smartphones Addiction, Compulsive Utilization, Sleep.

INTRODUCTION 13-21 which are the group of young adults, teenagers,

or adolescents.
(Sheldon, 2015) Argues that sleep is among Given the information on sleep and the onset
the most important, common, and potentially treatable problems we might have from sleep deterioration we
health risks among teens. Sleep need varies for aim to know if technology excessive use may be one
different people (Ferrara and De Gennaro, 2001). For of the factors that cause it
example, research has been done that women have a
greater sleep need than men. Some individuals may Smartphones nowadays are rapidly
need more or less sleep than the average and they are increasing and undeniably that it has contributed a
categorized as long vs short sleepers (Aeschbach et al., lot for people and their daily lives (Strayer, Drews,
2003) the extent to which someone can be categorized and Crouch, 2016) but on the other hand, utilization
as either of both is by their sleeping habits. The of these devices might often lead to a compulsive
morning types ‘larks’ are known as short sleepers perspective that initiates smartphones addiction.
because they mostly require lower sleep need while Scholars (Demirci, Orphan, Semirdas, Akpinar, and
evening types or ‘owls’ are the long sleepers in the Sert, 2014) argues that smartphone addiction as
sense that they require greater sleep need and have overuse of smartphones to the extent that it is a
more irregular sleep need. (Taillard, Phillip and disturbance to users, this leads to compulsive
Bioulac,1999) utilization of these devices whatever the reasons
Certain studies state (Schoenborn and Adams, are; social media use, internet games, academic
2010) that adolescents and adults are sleeping less purposes and else.
than 7 hours per night which is lower than the With that, this research study had a great
minimum hours of the time of sleep of this age group interest to know if there is or there isn’t a
should have. In the extent that this amount at which relationship between the two concepts discussed:
physiological and neurobehavioral problems like the teenagers’ sleep procrastination and compulsive
deficits, lapses of attention, slowed memory, reduced smartphone use. The aim of this study is the discuss
cognitive throughput and bad mood will develop and the relevance or compulsive usage of mobile
become more progressively worse under some devices and prove if smartphones use is a factor that
conditions (Van Dongen, Maislin, Mullington, and can affect one’s psychological being (Bano et al.,
Dinges, 2013). A study (Pallesen et al., 2012) showed 2019) that including sleeping patterns and so.
an increase in sleep onset problems among teens In this study, there are terminologies that
between 2007-2011 and conclude rapid declines in need further discussion. First is sleep, it is a
teens’ sleep duration over the course of a century biological process and state where a body
(Metricciani, Olds, and Petkov, 2012). With that, it reoccurrence rest; it is also where one’s awareness
appears that a growing number of people who are and consciousness in the environment is reduced.
struggling with sleep problems are in the age group of
 The second is sleep deprivation, it is one of the
known sleep disorders and it is an effect in which a
person is not having sufficient sleep for a cycle.
This terminology is compulsive, it is defined as
Resulting from or relating to doing something
irresistible urge, especially one’s conscious wishes. METHODOLOGY
Fourth is utilization, it is by means of using
something personally. Fifth is adolescents, these are This chapter represents the following method used
people who are in the state or process of growing up by the researchers to gather data from the sample
or developing; teenagers. respondents to determine the findings of the
The significance of this study is that it may research study.
provide a great answer for some fields for future
purposes. It will prove any assumption or Research Design
hypothesis have regarding this topic. The findings
of this study will be beneficial and informative for The research employs a correlational research
the reason that, majority of the individuals should design that will focus on finding if there is a
be educated by the results and how certain aspects relationship between the two variables in the
affect or relate to one of their basic necessities study using the quantitative method. This research
which is sleep. It is most beneficial to teenagers aims to identify the relationship of sleep
knowingly that the majority are smartphone users deprivation to students’ tendency to manifest
and have an addiction. The outcomes may affect
compulsive utilization of smartphones.
them in which it may help them further or educate
them what are the relations. This study will be Sampling Procedure
conducted to 30 individuals aged 1520. So this
study can have first-hand experience that may lead The researchers will use a quota sampling method
to the most accurate outcome possible regarding the in collecting data from the sample respondents
topic or the purpose of this study.
representing a certain population. In this method,
This research is primarily focused only on
the researchers will consider the total population
assessing what are the relations between teenagers’
sleep deterioration and smartphone use addiction of the Senior High School students from the
nowadays. University of the Cordilleras in Grade 11 with 601
Possible limitations of this study are the population is students and Grade 12 with 728 students with an
small, and the sample chosen might be in one certain overall number of 1,329 and divide it from the
age; past research that is connected in this topic is not number of different sections there are in the strand
quite available. The respondent’s sleeping patterns of Science, Technology, and Mathematics
might change at the time of questioning or doing the (STEM). Thus, the researchers will be able to
survey. collect data from the sample population with a
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and number of 100 Senior High School students in the
determine the level of relationship between sleep strand of STEM.
deprivation and addiction to smartphone use among
teenagers, Furthermore, it aims to answer the ff. Research Instrument:
questions.
In this study, the researchers will use online
survey questionnaires to collect data from the
1. What is the degree of sleep deprivation of respondents. All respondents will be given time to
teenagers towards the compulsive use of answer the survey questionnaires that have 10
smartphones? questions each per statement of the problem that
2.What is the level of utilization of smartphones? will determine the findings of the research study.
3.What relationship exists between teenagers
sleep deprivation and their compulsive utilization of Population and Locale
smartphones?
The research respondents are all in the strand of Students
Science, Technology and Mathematics (STEM) Grade 12 30 66.67%
from Grade 11 to 12 of the University of the Students
Cordilleras that consist of a total of 1,329 Senior Total: 45 100%
High School students wherein the researcher will
administer and conduct the online survey from the RESULTS
a sample population of 100 respondents.
This portion will discuss the Statistical tool
Data Gathering Procedure
that will be utilize by the current study. The
Due to limited resources, the general study will researchers will follow all the following test such
focused on using a quota sampling method to as getting the Mean/Average which will answer
accommodate the sample population of the the all the question that is mentioned on the SOP.
following Grade 11 to 12 Senior High School To determine the level of relatability of
students of The University of Cordilleras to gather sleep deprivation of STEM students of University
all the necessary data for this research. In regards of the Cordillera to their compulsive using of
to the ethical standards of research, the smartphones, the researchers will follow the
researchers will first provide a consent form to all criteria of Jonald L. Pimentel. (2010). Table 2.1
the participants of the study before directing them n −1
shows the criteria of Pimentel (2010). Using
to the actual procedure wherein the researchers n
will distribute the link of an online survey to get the formula to derive the interval to be used
questionnaire using a google form to all the in 4-point scale.
respondents. Thus, all the information collected LIKERT INTERVAL DESCRIPTION RESULTS
will be compiled by the researchers to determine SCALE
the findings of the study. 1 1.00-1.75 Strongly Very Low
Disagree
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND
2 1.76-2.50 Disagree Low
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
3 2.51-3.25 Agree High
The objectives of this research aims to
identify the relationship of sleep deprivation to 4 3.26-4.0 Strongly Very High
students’ tendency to manifest compulsive Agree
utilization of smartphones of STEM students in Table 2.1: Criteria of Pimentel (2010) for a Likert
University of the Cordilleras. scale questions.
This chapter illustrates the data gathered in
Table 3.2-3.4 shows the questions in the given
the Level of relatability of sleep deprivation of
survey form through google forms. This table will
STEM students of University of the Cordillera to
measure the Mean/Average of each question to
their compulsive using of smartphones. It also determine the Level of Relatability of Sleep
provide a statistical data relative to the problems Deprivation to compulsive using of Smartphones.
posted in the SOP. In this study, the researches
has the STEM senior high students as their Table 3.2
respondents.

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE

RESPONDENTS
Table 1.1 shows a demographic profile of
the respondents of this study. The total
respondents in the current study is 45 respondents.
Frequency Percentage
Grade 11 15 33.33%
 trying to evaluate are highly related in some
aspects of the sample population. The high
interpretation suggest an overall rating of 90% and
shows a 10% Low interpretation.
This indicates that majority of the sample
population from University of Cordilleras STEM
students are mostly affect their sleep behavior
because of compulsive utilization of smartphones.
The researchers have come up with a conclusion
that the two factors mentioned affect the both
issues and so far their daily routine due to bad
sleeping behavior.

Table 3.3
REFERENCES

Apaolaza, V., Hartman, P., D’Souza, C., and Gilsanz,

A. (2019). Mindfulness, Compulsive mobile
social media use, and derived stress: the
mediating roles of self-esteem and social
networking. Doi:10.1089/cyber.2018.0681
Aeschbach, D., Sher, L., Postolache, T.,
Mathews, J., Jackson, M. A., and Wehr, T.
(2003). A longer
biological night in long sleepers than short
sleepers. 88,26-30. doi:
10.1210 /jc. 200 2 -
Table 3.4 02082 7

Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A.

(2020). Smartphones, social media use and
youth mental health. Canadian Medical
Association
Journal. 192,6. E136-
E141.doi:10.1503/cmaj.190434

Carskadon, M.A. (n.d). Factors influencing sleep

patterns of adolescents. 4-16.
doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499999.005

DISCUSSION Demirci, K., Orhan, H., Demirdas, A., Akpınar, A., &
Sert, H. (2014). Validity and reliability of the
Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction
The tables shown above summarizes the
Scale in a younger population. 24,3. 226–234.
responds from the survey through google forms
DOI:10.5455/bcp.20140710040824
gives visualization on the relatability between
sleep deprivation and compulsive smartphone Exelmans, L., & Van den Bulck, J. (2018). Sleep
usage that this study is trying to assess. As a Research: A Primer for Media Scholars. 1–
matter of fact the two factors the researchers are 10. doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1422100
Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2001). How much Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 36,
sleep do we need? Sleep Medicine Reviews, 5, 889–895.
155– https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494808095953
179. DOI: 10.1053/smrv.2000.0138
Schoenborn, C. A., & Adams, P. F. (2010) Health
behaviors of adults: United
Foerster, M., Henneke, A., Chetty-Mhlanga, S., & States,
Röösli, M. (2019). Impact of Adolescents’ https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr
Screen Time and Nocturnal Mobile 10_245.pdf
PhoneRelated Awakenings on Sleep and
General Health Symptoms: A Prospective Sheldon, S. H. (2015). Sleep education in schools:
Cohort Where do we stand? Journal of Clinical Sleep
Study. 16,3. 518. doi:10.3390/ijerph16030518 Medicine, 11, 6: 595–596. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.4762

Hagber, M. Harenstam, A. Thomee, S (2011): Mobile Strayer, D. L., Drews, F. A., & Crouch, D. J. (2006). A
phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and comparison of the cell phone driver and the
symptoms of depression among young adults - drunk driver. 48,2: 381–391.
a prospective cohort study. 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/
66. 001872006777724471.
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-66
Van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., Mullington, J.
Killgore, W. D. S. (2010). Effects of sleep deprivation M., & Dinges, D. F. (2013). The Cumulative
on cognition. 105–129. doi:10.1016/b978-0- cost of additional wakefulness: Dose-
444-53702-7.00007-5 response effects on neurobehavioral
functions and sleep physiology from chronic
Lee, U., Song, J., Lee, J., Ko, M., Lee, C., Kim, Y., … sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation.
Chung, K.-M. (2014). Hooked on smartphones. Sleep, 26, 117–
Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM 126.DOI: 10.1093/sleep/26.2.117
Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems. Taillard, J., Philip, P., & Bioulac, B. (1999).
14. doi:10.1145/2556288.2557366 Morningness/eveningness and the need for
sleep. 8, 291–295. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-
Mac Cárthaigh, S., Griffin, C., & Perry, J. (2020). 2869.1999.00176.x
The relationship between sleep and
problematic smartphone use
among adolescents: A systematic
review. 55,
100897.doi:10.1016/j.dr.2020.100897

Matricciani, L., Olds, T., & Petkov, J. (2012). In

search of lost sleep: Secular trends in the
sleep time of school-aged children and
adolescents.16, 203– 21.
DOI:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.03.005

Pallesen, S., Hetland, J., Sivertsen, B., Samdal, O.,

Torsheim, T., & Nordhus, I. H. (2008). Time
trends in sleep-onset difficulties among
Norwegian adolescents: 1983–2005.