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Class 10 - Social Science

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Test 01

1. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of democratic and social
Republics, as he called them. The first print of the series shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women
of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by it.
Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure. She bears the torch of
Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. On the earth in the foreground of the image
lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are
grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading the procession, way past the
Statue of Liberty, are the United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states.
France, identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. She is followed by the peoples of
Germany, bearing the black, red and gold flag.
i. Who was Frederic Sorrieu?
a) Italian Artist
b) French artist
c) British Artist
d) German Artist
ii. In which year did Frederic Sorrier prepare a series of four prints?
a) 1843
b) 1841
c) 1848
d) 1845
iii. Which of the following statements correctly describes absolutist?
a) Monarchical Government
b) Uncentralised Government
c) Democratic Government
d) Bureaucratic Government
iv. Which of the following is correct with respect to utopian vision?
a) Homogenous society
b) All of these
c) Monarchical society
d) Ideal society
v. What does the female figure of the Statue of Liberty carry on the other hand?
a) The torch of Enlightenment
b) The American Constitution
c) Charter of the Citizen's Rights
d) A bouquet
vi. At the time when Sorrieu created the image of the utopian vision, how did the German people exist?
a) As German-speaking principalities
b) As a republic
c) As a monarchy
d) As a united nation
2. By what name, the British flag was called?

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a) Union Jack
b) Triumph allegory
c) Jack Union
d) The Nobel icon
3. In 1861 he was proclaimed king of united Italy. Identify him?
a) Otto von Bismarck
b) Giuseppe Garibaldi
c) Cavour
d) Victor Emmanuel II
4. Who followed the policy of Blood and Iron for national unification (of Germany)?
a) Mazzini
b) Matternich
c) Otto von Bismarck
d) Garibaldi
5. Who believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society - like the monarchy, the Church, social
hierarchies, property, and the family - should be preserved?
a) Conservatives
b) Communalist
c) Moderates
d) Liberals
6. What kind of societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas?
a) Noble
b) Linguistic
c) Ethnic
d) Secret
7. Assertion (A): The representatives of the European powers met at Vienna in 1815.
Reason (R): They met to transfer sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens and to create a sense of
collective identity amongst the French people.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
8. What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to French Revolution in
Europe?
9. What does a blind-folded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales, symbolise?
10. How did the Balkan region become a source of Nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?
11. How did the local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon react to French rule? Explain.
12. Compare the views of liberals and conservatives.
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13. "The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe." Support the statement with arguments.
14. Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.
15. Write a note on Guiseppe Mazzini.

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Class 10 - Social Science

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Test 01

Solution

1. i. (b) French artist

Explanation: French artist
ii. (c) 1848
Explanation: 1848
iii. (a) Monarchical Government
Explanation: Monarchical Government
iv. (d) Ideal society
Explanation: Ideal society
v. (c) Charter of the Citizen's Rights
Explanation: She bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the
other.
vi. (a) As German-speaking principalities
Explanation: The German people did not yet exist as a united nation – the flag they carry is an expression of
liberal hopes in 1848 to unify the numerous German-speaking principalities into a nation-state under a
democratic constitution.
2. (a) Union Jack
Explanation: A new ‘British nation’ was forged through the propagation of a dominant English culture. The symbols of
the new Britain - the British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our Noble King), the English language
- were actively promoted and the older nations survived only as subordinate partners in this union.
3. (d) Victor Emmanuel II
Explanation: In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy.
4. (c) Otto von Bismarck
Explanation: Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. Its chief minister, Otto von
Bismarck, was the architect of this process carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. Blood and
Iron (German: Blut und Eisen) is the name given to a speech made by Bismarck given on 30 September 1862 about the
unification of the German territories.
5. (a) Conservatives
Explanation: Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.
Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society - like the monarchy, the Church,
social hierarchies, property, and the family - should be preserved.
6. (d) Secret
Explanation: During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists undergrounds.
Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.
7. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: The Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was signed with the main aim of undoing most of the changes that had come
about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. It was signed to re-establish conservative regions in Europe.
8. The French Revolution resulted in the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy under King Louis XVI of the Bourbon
monarchy to a body of French citizens, thus turning the nation into a Republic.
9. The blindfold represents impartiality, the idea that justice should be applied without regard to wealth, power or another
status.

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10. i. The Balkan was a region of geographical and ethnic variations comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania,
Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Harzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro. The inhabitants of these regions
were known as Slavs.
ii. A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
iii. As the different Slavic nationalities struggled to define their identity and independence, the Balkan area became an
area of intense conflict.
iv. The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of others.
v. The breaking away of each of these nationalist group one by one from control of the Ottoman Empire was another
cause of conflict.
vi. The Balkan peoples based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove
that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign powers. Each of these regions
attempted to gain more territory at the expense of the others.
11. i. At the very beginning, the artisans, businessmen and peasants enjoyed the newly-found freedom.
ii. They welcomed the standardised weights and measures, uniform laws and a common currency for the entire nation as
they realised that these would be more helpful in trade and in facilitating the movement and exchange of goods and
capital from one area to another.
iii. An outweighing of the advantages of administrative changes were witnessed in the Increase in taxes, censorship and
forced conscription in French armies.
12. The comparison of liberal and conservative views are as follows:
Liberals Conservatives
1. Conservatives were the people who
1. Most of the follwers of liberalism were people from middle classes. belonged to upper class or associated
with them.

2. Liberals stood for the end of autocracy. They argued for a representative, 2. They supported autocracy and were
elected parliamentary govenment. But they did not believe in universal adult non-believer of a representative
franchise. government,

3. They favoured only those which

could strengthen autocratic monarchies
3. They favoured radical changes like - abolition of clerical privileges.
of Europe.
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material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
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13. The 1830s were years of great economic hardship in Europe.
i. Enormous increase in population: The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population
all over Europe.
ii. Unemployment and Migration: In most countries, there were more job seekers than employment. Population from
rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.
iii. Stiff competition from imports: Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of
cheap machine made goods from England, where industrialisation was more advanced than on the continent.
iv. Widespread pauperism: The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and
country.
14. Apart from wars and territorial expansion, culture also played a crucial role in the development of nationalism.
i. Romanticism was a European cultural movement aimed at developing national unity by creating a sense of shared
heritage and common history. The Romantic artists’ emphasis on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings gave
shape and expression to nationalist sentiments. The strength of art in promoting nationalism is well exemplified in the

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role played by European poets and artists in mobilising public opinion to support the Greeks in their struggle to
establish their national identity.
ii. Folk songs, dances and poetry contributed to popularising the spirit of nationalism and patriotic fervour in Europe.
German philosopher Johann Gottfried claimed that the German culture was to be discovered among the common
people through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances. So collecting and recording these forms of folk culture was
essential to the project of nation-building.
iii. Language also played a distinctive role in developing nationalist feelings in Europe. An example of this is how
during Russian occupation, the use of Polish came to be seen as a symbol of struggle against Russian
dominance. During this period, Polish language was forced out of schools and Russian language was imposed
everywhere. Following the defeat of an armed rebellion against Russian rule in 1831, many members of the clergy in
Poland began using language as a weapon of national resistance. They did so by refusing to preach in Russian, and by
using Polish for Church gatherings and religious instruction. The emphasis on the use of vernacular language, the
language of the masses, helped spread the message of national unity.
15. Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary, born in Genoa on June 22, 1807, in a middle class family. He was a
patriot, political activist, writer, founder of young Italy and played a very important role in liberal nationalism. He was
an Italian journalist and politician who lived back in the 19th century. He was sent into exile at the age of 24 in 1831 for
attempting a revolution in Liguria. He founded underground societies named ‘Young Italy’ in Marseilles and ‘Young
Europe’ in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German States. He
was one among many who supported free democratic Italy rather than its monarch. Chancellor Duke Metternich once
described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’.

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