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PLAIN & REINFORCED CONCRETE - II

LECTURE ZERO

Dr. Rao Arsalan Khushnood

COURSE OUTLINES

 Use of Concrete as Structural Material

 Analysis & Design of Concrete Structural Members
• Beams – Flexure Design
• Beams – Shear & Diagonal Tension
• Bond and Anchorage Design
• One way Slabs
• Two way Slabs
• Short Columns

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COURSE OUTLINES

 Introduction to Pre stressed and Pre Cast structural members

 Introduction to Strengthening, Repair and Retrofitting of Existing Structures
 Practical for
• Bond & Anchorage in Beams
• Flexure Testing of Beams
• Effect of Shear Reinforcement
• Modulus of Elasticity for Concrete

MAPPED CLO & PLO’S

S.No CLO Domain Taxonomy Level PLO

Analyse and Design Reinforced Concrete Members

1 Cognitive 4 3
based on ACI Code Design

Practice Concepts to investigate the behaviour of

2 Psychomotor 3 4
Reinforced Concrete

Complex Engineering Problem - Design / Development

3 Cognitive 5 3
of Solutions

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CONNECTED CLO & PLO’S

1 Engineering Knowledge: ☐ 7 Environment and Sustainability: ☐

Problem Analysis: ☐ Ethics: ☐

2 8
Design/Development of Solutions:  Individual and Team Work: ☐
3 9
Investigation:  Communication: ☐
4 10
Modern Tool Usage: ☐ Project Management: ☐
5 11
6 The Engineer and Society: ☐ 12 Lifelong Learning: ☐

MARKS DISTRIBUTION & GRADING

Theoretical / Instruction 75%
Assignments 10%
Quizzes 10%
OHT Exams 30%
End Semester Exam 50%

Practical Work 25%

Laboratory Work 70%
Laboratory Attendance 20%
Laboratory Report 20%
Laboratory Quiz 30%
Viva/Quiz 30%
Total 100%

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BOOKS & LITERATURE

 Design of Reinforced Concrete by Jack C. McCormac.

 Properties of Concrete, 4thedition.by A.M.Neville.
 Design of Concrete Structures (14th Edition), by Arthur H. Nilson, David Darwin, and Charles W.
Dolan, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 10020.
 ACI Building Code Requirement for reinforce concrete structures 318-11.
 Concrete by Sidney Mindess [2nd Edn]
 Advanced Concrete Technology by John Newman
 Reinforced Concrete - Mechanics and Design (5th edn) by James K. Wright and James G. MacGregor,
Pearson-Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River New Jersey NJ 07458.

STRESS-STRAIN CURVES OF PLAIN CONCRETE

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STRESS-STRAIN CURVES OF PLAIN CONCRETE

STRESS-STRAIN CURVES OF PLAIN CONCRETE

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STRESS-STRAIN CURVES OF PLAIN CONCRETE

where:
E = secant elastic modulus at 0.4( f’c) (GPa) w = concrete density (kg/m3)
f’c = compressive strength

modified ACI equation

Note: equation fails to account for the modulus of elasticity of the aggregates or aggregate
volume fraction!

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STRESS-STRAIN CURVES OF STEEL

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STRESS-STRAIN CURVE OF STEEL

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DIAMETERS AND AREAS OF STANDARD REBARS

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IDENTIFYING MARKS ON REINFORCING BARS

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COMPATIBILITY OF CONCRETE AND STEEL

 Both materials are managing the pros and cons of each other like:
• Low tensile strength of concrete – higher tensile strength of steel
• Weaker resistance to corrosion for steel – higher weathering resistance of
concrete
• Poor fire resistance to steel – higher insulation properties of concrete
• Lighter in weight (steel) – heavier unit weight (concrete)
 Ribs in reinforcing bars lead to better bond properties
 Both materials have almost same co-efficient of thermal expansion
• 0.0000065 per unit length per degree Fahrenheit for steel
• 0.0000040 to 0.0000070 with average of 0.0000055 for concrete

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COMMON DEAD LOADS

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COMMON LIVE LOADS

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STRESS STAGES OF BEAM

 The horizontal structural

member, supporting the loads
through flexure are known as
beams
 Once load is applied to a beam,
the stress stages may vary as
• Un-cracked Concrete Stage
• Concrete Cracked – Elastic Stage
• Ultimate Strength Stage

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STRESS STAGES OF BEAM

 Once load is applied to a beam,
the stress stages may vary as
• Un-cracked Concrete Stage
• Concrete Cracked – Elastic Stage
• Ultimate Strength Stage

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STRESS STAGES OF BEAM

 Once load is applied to a beam,
the stress stages may vary as
• Un-cracked Concrete Stage
• Concrete Cracked – Elastic Stage
• Ultimate Strength Stage

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STRESS STAGES OF RC BEAMS

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EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (UNCRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (UNCRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 1: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (UNCRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 2: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (UNCRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 2: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (UNCRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 2: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (UNCRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 2: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (UNCRACKED STAGE)

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CONCRETE CRACKED – ELASTIC STAGE

 If the bending stresses at bottom fibers of beam exceed the modulus of rupture then concrete will crack

 Stresses are transferred to steel reinforcing bars

 Steel bars are supposed to be in place due to bondage with concrete

 The strains are same not stresses

 Stresses are computed with modular ratio Es/Ec

 The calculation is done through transformed area concept

 Can continue unless concrete stresses are less than 0.50fc’ and steel stresses less than yield

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CONCRETE CRACKED – ELASTIC STAGE

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EXAMPLE 3: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (CRACKED STAGE)

Calculate the bending stresses in the beam shown in Figure by using the transformed area
method, f c = 3000 psi, n = 9, and M = 70 ft-k.

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EXAMPLE 3: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (CRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 3: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (CRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 3: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (CRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 4: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (CRACKED STAGE)

Calculate the bending stresses in the concrete and the reinforcing steel, using the
transformed area method: f ’c = 3000 psi, normal-weight concrete, n = 9, M = 250 ft-k.

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EXAMPLE 4: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (CRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 4: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (CRACKED STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 4: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (CRACKED STAGE)

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ULTIMATE STRENGTH STAGE

 Once the stresses in beam exceeds 0.50fc’ or yield strength of steel

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ULTIMATE STRENGTH STAGE

 Once the stresses in beam exceeds 0.50fc’ or

yield strength of steel

 Concrete stress distribution is non linear from N.A

 May be approximated by simplified rectangular

distribution (same C.G + same magnitude)

 Common in design with reference to ACI code

since 2002

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ULTIMATE STRENGTH STAGE

Sec 10.2.7 of 2011 ACI Code

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ANALYSIS OF BEAM (ULTIMATE STRENGTH STAGE)

To obtain the nominal or theoretical moment strength of a beam, the simple steps to follow are:

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EXAMPLE 5: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (ULTIMATE STRENGTH STAGE)

Determine Mn, the nominal or theoretical ultimate moment strength of the beam section shown in Figure, if fy =
60,000 psi and f c = 3000 psi.

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EXAMPLE 5: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (ULTIMATE STRENGTH STAGE)

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EXAMPLE 5: ANALYSIS OF BEAM (ULTIMATE STRENGTH STAGE)

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EXAMPLE-06

Determine the nominal uniform load ‘wn’ (including beam weight) that will cause a bending moment equal to Mn.
f’ c = 3000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi.

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EXAMPLE-07

Determine the ACI design moment capacity, Mu = φMn, of the beam shown in Figure if f’c = 4000 psi
and fy = 60,000 psi.

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STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR

ACI-11 sec 9.3.2: Strength Reduction Factor

Strength reduction factors are used to take into account:

 the uncertainties of material strengths

 inaccuracies in the design equations
 approximations in analysis
 possible variations in dimensions of the concrete sections
 placement of reinforcement

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STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR

ACI-11 sec 9.3.2: Strength Reduction Factor

Variation of φ with net tensile strain for Grade 60

reinforcement.

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STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR

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EXAMPLE-07

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EXAMPLE-07

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EXAMPLE-08

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EXAMPLE-08

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EXAMPLE-08

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BEAM EXPRESSION

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MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT

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MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT

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MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT

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MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT

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THANK YOU

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DIAMETERS AND AREAS OF STANDARD REBARS

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DIAMETERS AND
AREAS OF STANDARD
REBARS

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