Python Lab File - Copy 1

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)

Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE-Accredited by NBA & NACC-‘A’ Grade – ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Hakimpet), Secunderabad -500100, Telangana State, India
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY MANUAL
Student Na e:……………………………………………………
RollNo :………………………………………………………………
Bra ch:……………………………..Sectio ……………………
Year …………………………Semester………………………..
FACULTY INCHARGE
INDEX
S.NO Program Remarks
1 Roots of quadratic equation
2 Compare the efficiency of Carnot Cycle
3 Draw an equation represented as Y = Z*X pow a + C

4 Calculate inverse interpolation for a given data set
5 Create numpy 3d-array
6 Plane Stresses Program
To
7
draw and calculate the stresses using Mohr Circle Diagram
8 To Calculate the Bending Stresses
To calculate the various parameters in Torsion of Circular

9
Shafts
TEX
10 To calculate the Deflection of Beams of Standard Cases
11 To Calculate the Eulers Crippling Load for Long Column.
12 Thin Cylinders Program.

a)Write a C program to copy the contents of one file to another.
15 61-67
b) Write a C program to merge two files into a third file.
c) Write a C program to reverse the first n characters in a file.
Revision of Programs
16
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
 Before entering the lab the student should carry the following things (MANDATORY)
1. Identity card issued by the college.
2. Class notes
3. Lab observation book
4. Lab Manual
5. Lab Record
 Student must sign in and sign out in the register provided when attending the lab session
without fail.
 Come to the laboratory in time. Students, who are late more than 15 min., will not be
allowed to attend the lab.
 Students need to maintain 100% attendance in lab if not a strict action will be taken.
 All students must follow a Dress Code while in the laboratory
 Foods, drinks are NOT allowed.
 All bags must be left at the indicated place.
 Refer to the lab staff if you need any help in using the lab.
 Respect the laboratory and its other users.
 Workspace must be kept clean and tidy after experiment is completed.
 Read the Manual carefully before coming to the laboratory and be sure about what you
are supposed to do.
 Do the experiments as per the instructions given in the manual.
 Copy all the programs to observation which are taught in class before attending the lab
session.
 Students are not supposed to use floppy disks, pen drives without permission of lab- in
charge.
 Lab records need to be submitted on or before the date of submission.
DEPARTMENT OF CSE COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LABORATORY MANUAL
Week 1:
1. a) Write a C program to find the sum and average of three numbers.
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Declare variables num1, num2,num3 and sum,average.
Step 3: Read values num1,num2,num3
Step 4: Add num1,num2,num3 and assign the result to sum.
sum←num1+num2 +num3
average ← sum/3
Step 5: Display sum and average
Step 6: Stop
Flow Chart:
MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 1

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int a,b,c;
int sum,average;
printf("Enter any three integers: ");
scanf("%d%d %d",&a,&b,&c);
sum = a+b+c;
average=sum/3
printf("Sum and average of three integers: %d %d",sum,average);
return 0;
}
SAMPLE INPUT:
Enter any three integers:2 4 5
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Sum and average of three integers: 11 3
Record at least 3 results
Signature of faculty with date

1. b) Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of positive

integer.
AIM:
To find the sum of individual digits of positive integer.
Description:
Summation of digits of a number
Ex: 1234
Summation =1+2+3+4=10
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read n
Step 3: Initialize sum ← 0
Step 4: while(n!=0)
Begin
Step 5: r←n%10
Step 6: sum←sum+r
Step 7: n←n/10
End
Step 8: Print “sum”
Step 9: Stop
FLOWCHART: Start
Read n
Sum = 0
while False
n!=0
True
r=n%10
sum=sum+r
n=n/10
Print Sum
Stop

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,r,sum=0;
clrscr();
printf("ENTER A POSITIVE INTEGER \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
while(n!=0)
{
r=n%10;
sum=sum+r;
n=n/10;
}
printf("THE SUMOF INDIVIDUAL DIGITS OF A POSITIVE INTEGER IS..%d",sum);
getch();
}
SAMPLE INPUT:
ENTER A POSITIVE INTEGER
5321
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
THE SUM OF INDIVIDUAL DIGITS OF A POSITIVE INTEGER IS..11

1).c) Fibonacci Sequence is defined as follows: the first and second

terms in the sequence are 0 and 1. Subsequent terms are found by
adding the preceding two terms in the sequence. Write a C program
to generate the first n terms of the sequence.
AIM: To generate the first n terms of the Fibonacci sequence..

Description: Initial Fibonacci numbers are 0 and 1. Next number can be generated by adding two
numbers. So 0+1=1. Therefore next number can be generated by adding two previous . so Fibonacci series
is 0 1 1 2 3 5 ……
ALGORITHM:
Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Read n
Step 3 : Initialize f0 ← 0, f1 ← 1, f ← 0
Step 4 :i=0
Step 5 : while(i<=n) do as follows
printf("%d\t",f0);
f=f0+f1;
f0=f1;
f1=f;
i=i+1;
If not goto step 7
Step 6 : Stop
FLOWCHART:
Start
f0=0, f1=1
i=0
FALSE
while
i<n
Stop TRUE Print f0

f=f0+f1;
Print f0 f0=f1;
f1=f;
i=i+1;

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int f0,f1,f,n,i;
clrscr();
printf("ENTER THE VALUE FOR n \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
f0=0;
f1=1;
printf("FIBONACCI SEQUENCE FOR THE FIRST %d TERMS:\n",n);
i=0;
while(i<n)
{
printf("%d\t",f0);
f=f0+f1;
f0=f1;
f1=f;
i=i+1;
}
}
INPUT:
ENTER THE VALUE FOR n
10
OUTPUT:
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE FOR THE FIRST 10 TERMS:
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

Week: 2
2) a)Write a C program to generate all prime numbers between

1 and n. Where n is the value supplied by the user.
Aim: To print a prime numbers up to 1 to n

Description:
Prime number is a number which is exactly divisible by one and itself only
Ex: 2, 3,5,7,………;
Algorithm:
Step 1: start
Step 2: read n
Step 3: initialize i=1,c=0
Step 4:if i<=n goto step 5
If not goto step 10
Step 5: initialize j=1
Step 6: if j<=i do the following. If no goto step 7
i)if i%j==0 increment c
ii) increment j
iii) goto Step 6
Step 7: if c== 2 print i
Step 8: increment i start
Step 9: goto step 4
Step 10: stop
Read n
FLOWCHART:
false I=1
I<=n
J = 1
false
J++
false true
If fal
se
If I % j
== 0
Output true
i
Fact
++
MRCET endCODE: MLRD

EAMCET w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 7
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i,fact,j;
clrscr();
printf("enter the number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{ fact=0;
//THIS LOOP WILL CHECK A NO TO BE PRIME NO. OR NOT.
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
if(i%j==0)
fact++;
}
if(fact==2)
printf("\n %d",i);
}
getch( );
}
Output:
Enter the number : 5
2 3 5

2) b) Write a C program to Check whether given number is Armstrong Number

or Not.
AIM: To Check whether given number is Armstrong Number or Not
Algorithm:
Armstrong number
Step 1: start
Step 2:read n
Step 3:assign sum 0,Imn,count =0
Step 4:if m>0 repeat
Step 4.1:mm/10
Step 4.2:count++
Step 4.3:until the condition fail
Step5: if I>0 repeat step 4 until condition fail
Step 5.1:remI%10
Step 5.2:sumsum+pow(rem,count)
Step 5.3:II/10
Step 6:if n=sum print Armstrong otherwise print not armstrong
Step 7:stop

Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, n1, rem, num=0;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
n1=n;
while(n1!=0)
{
rem=n1%10;
num+=rem*rem*rem;
n1/=10;
}
if(num==n)
printf("%d is an Armstrong number.",n);
else
printf("%d is not an Armstrong number.",n);
}
Input:
Enter a positive integer: 371
Output:
371 is an Armstrong number.

2) c). Write a C program to evaluate algebraic expression (ax+b)/(ax-b)
Algorithm:
Step 1:start
Step 2:input a,b,x,s
Step 3:s=(a*x+b)/(a*x-b)
Step 4:Result s
Step 5:stop
Flow Chart:

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
int a,b,x;
float s;
clrscr();
printf(“enter the values of a,b,x”);
scanf(“%d %d %d”,&a,&b,&x);
s=(a*x+b)/(a*x-b);
printf(“The value of s=%f”,s);
getch();
}
Input:enter the values of a,b,x
1 3 2
Output:
The value of s= 5

Week: 3
3) a). Write a C program to check whether given number is perfect number or

Not
AIM: To Check whether given number is perfect number or not
Algorithm:
Perfect number
Step 1: read n
Step 2: assign i=1,sum=0
Step 3: while(i<n) goto step 4
Step 4: if(n%i==0)
sum=sum+i
i++
step 5: if(sum==n) print given number is perfect number otherwise not a perfect number.
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n,i=1,sum=0;
printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d",&n);
while(i<n)
{
if(n%i==0)
sum=sum+i;
i++;
}
if(sum==n)
printf("%d is a perfect number",i);
else
printf("%d is not a perfect number",i);
return 0;
}
Input:
Enter a number:6
Output:
6 is a perfect number

3) b) Write a C program to check whether a number is strong number or not.
AIM: To check whether given number is strong number or not

Algorithm:
Strong number
Step 1:read num,i,f,r,sum=0,temp
Step 2: assign num to temp
Step 3: while(num) goto step 4
Step 4: i=1,f=1
r=num%10
while(i<=r) goto step 5
Step 5: f=f*i
i=i+1
Step 6: sum=sum+f;
Step 7: num=num/10;
Step 8: if sum and temp are equal got step 9
Step 9: print strong number otherwise not a strong number
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int num,i,f,r,sum=0,temp;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d",&num);
temp=num;
while(num) {
i=1,f=1;
r=num%10;
while(i<=r) {
f=f*i;
i++;
}
sum=sum+f;
num=num/10;
}
if(sum==temp)
printf("%d is a strong number",temp); else
printf("%d is not a strong number",temp);
return 0;
}
Input:
Enter a number:145

Output:
145 is a strong number

Week: 4
4) a) Write a C program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.
AIM: To find the roots of a quadratic equation.

− ±√ 2 −4
Description: roots of quadratic equation are
2
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read a,b,c
Step 3: calculate disc = b*b-4*a*c
Step 4: if(disc>0)
Begin
Step 5: root1=(-b+sqrt(disc))/(2*a)
Step 6: root2=(-b-sqrt(disc))/(2*a)
Step 7: Print “Root1” , “Root2”
End
Step 8: else if(disc=0)
Begin
Step 9: root1=-b/(2*a)
Step 10: root2=root1;
Step 11: Print “Root1” , “Root2”
End
Step 12: else
Step 13: Print Roots are imaginary
Step 14: Stop
Flow Chart

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,c;
float disc,root1,root2;
float img,real;
printf("ENTER VALUES FOR a,b,c:\n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
disc=(float)b*b-4*a*c;
if(disc>0)
{ printf("THE ROOTS ARE REAL & UNEQUAL:\n");
root1=(-b+sqrt(disc))/(2*a);
root2=(-b-sqrt(disc))/(2*a);
printf("Root1=%f\n",root1);
}
else if(disc==0)
{
printf("THE ROOTS ARE REAL AND EQUAL:\n");
root1=-b/(2*a);
root2=root1;
}
else
{ printf("THE ROOTS ARE IMAGINARY:\n");
disc=-disc;
img=(float)disc/2*a;
real=(float)-b/2*a;
if (img>0)
{ printf("Root1=%f + i%f\n",real,img);
printf("Root2=%f - i%f\n",real,img);
}
else
{ img=-img;
printf("Root1=%f + i%f\n",real,img);
printf("Root2=%f - i%f\n",real,img);
}
}
return 0;
}

INPUT:
ENTER VALUES FOR a,b,c
1 4 4
OUTPUT:
THE ROOTS ARE EQUAL AND THEY ARE.. Root1=-2 Root2=-2

4) b). Write a C program which takes two integer operands and one
operator from the user, performs the operation and then prints the
result.(Consider the operators +,-,*,/,% and use Switch Statement.)
AIM:
To perform arithmetic operations using switch statement.
Algorithm:
Step 1: Read a,b
Step 2: Print “Menu Options”
Step 3: do
Begin Step 4: Read ch
Step 5: switch(ch)
Begin Step 6:
case 1:
Begin
Calculate c = a+b
Print “c”
break;
End
case 2:
Begin
Calculate c = a-b
Print “c”
break;
End
case 3:
Begin
Calculate c = a*b
Print “c”
break;
End
case 4:
Begin
Calculate c = a/b
Print “c”
break;
End
case 5:
Begin
Calculate c = a%b
Print “c”
break;
End
default:
Print “Invalid choice”
End

Flowchart
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,ch; clrscr();
printf("ENTER TWO VALUES FOR a & b\n"); scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
while(1) {
printf("MENU OPTIONS \n");
printf("************\n");
printf("1.Addition\n");
printf("2.Subtraction\n");
printf("3.Multiplication\n");
printf("4.Division\n");
printf("5.Modulus\n");
printf(“6.Exit\n”);
printf("\n");
printf("ENTER UR CHOICE\n");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch) {

case 1: c=a+b;
printf("The addition of %d and %d is..%d\n",a,b,c); break;
case 2: c=a-b;
printf("The subtraction of %d and %d is..%d\n",a,b,c); break;
case 3: c=a*b;
printf("The multiplication of %d and %d is..%d\n",a,b,c); break;
case 4: c=a/b;
printf("The division of %d and %d is..%d\n",a,b,c); break;
case 5: c=a%b;
printf("The modulus of %d and %d is..%d\n",a,b,c); break;
case 6:exit(0); default:printf("INVALID CHOICE\n"); }
}
getch();
}
INPUT:
ENTER TWO VALUES FOR a & b: 20 16
OUTPUT:
MENU OPTIONS
1.Addition 2.Subtraction 3.Multiplication 4.Division 5.Modulus
6.Exit
ENTER UR CHOICE 1
The addition of 20 and 16 is..36

Week: 5
5) a) Write a C program to find the factorial of a given integer using
non-recursive function.
AIM:
To find the factorial of a given number using non-recursive function.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read n
Step 3: Call fact(n) goto step 6
Step 4: Store result in “f”
Step 5: Print “f” goto step 10
Step 6: Begin //sub program
Initialize f ← 1
Step 7: for i is 1 to n by step 2
Step 8: Calculate f = f*i
Step 9: return “f”
End
Step 10: Stop
FLOWCHART: Start
Read n
f = fact(n)
f=1
Print “f”
For i is 1 to n by
Step 1
FALSE
Stop TRUE
f = f*i

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int fact(int);
void main()
{
int n,i,f;
clrscr();
printf("ENTER A VALUE FOR n:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
f=fact(n);
printf("THE FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NO IS..%d",f);
getch();
}
int fact(int n)
{
int i,f=1;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
f=f*i;
return(f);
}
INPUT:
ENTER A VALUE FOR n
5
OUTPUT:
THE FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER IS..120

5) b) Write a C program to find the factorial of a given integer using

recursive function.
AIM:
To find the factorial of a given number using recursive function.
ALGORITHM:
main program
Step 1: start
Step 2: read n
Step 3: call sub program as f=fact(n)
Step 4: print f value
Step 5: stop
Sub program:
Step 1: initialize the f
Step 2: if n= = 0 or n == 1 return 1 to main program if not goto step 3
Step 3: return n*fact(n-1) to main program
FLOW CHART:
Main Program Sub Program
Start
Fact ()
Read n
False
If n=0 || n=1
Call subprogram
F = fact(n) True
Return
n*fact(n-1)
Print f
Return n to
main program
Stop

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int fact(int);
void main()
{
int n,res;
clrscr();
printf("ENETR A NUMBER:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
res=fact(n);
printf("THE FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER IS..%d",res);
getch();
}
int fact(int n)
{
int r;
if(n==0)
return(1);
else
{
r=n*fact(n-1);
return(r);
}
}
INPUT:
ENTER A VALUE FOR n
5
OUTPUT:
THE FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN NUMBER IS..120

Week: 6
6) a) Write a C program to find the GCD of two given integers by
using the recursive function
Aim: To find the Gcd of two given integers by using the recursive function
Algorithm:
Main program:
Step 1: start
Step 2: read a,b
Step 3: call the sub program GCD(a,b) for print the value
Step 4: stop
Sub program: GCD(n,m)

Step 1: if n>m return GCD(n,m)
Step 2: if n==0 return m else goto step 3
Step 3: return GCD (n,m%n)
Step 4: return to main program
Flow CHART:
Main Program:
Start
Read a,b
Call sub program

G=gcd(a,b)
Print gcdvalue
Stop

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int gcdrecursive(int m,int n)
{
if(n>m)
return gcdrecursive(n,m);
if(n==0)
return m;
else
return gcdrecursive(n,m%n); // return to the main program
}
void main()
{
int a,b,igcd; clrscr();
printf("enter the two numbers whose gcd is to be found:");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
printf("GCD of a,b is %d",gcdrecursive(a,b)); // return to the sub program getch();
}
Input:
Enter the two numbers whose gcd is to be found: 5 25
Output:
GCD of a,b is : 5

6) b) Write a C program to find the GCD of two given integers using

non-recursive function.
To find the GCD of two given integers by using the non recursive function
Description:
GCD means Greatest Common Divisor. i.e the highest number which divides the given number
Ex: GCD(12,24) is 12
Formula: GCD= product of numbers/ LCM of numbers
Algorithm:
Step 1: start
Step 2: read a,b
Step 3: call sub program g=GCD(a,b)
Step 4: print the g value
Step 5: stop
Sub program:
Step 1: initialize the p=1, q, remainder

Step 2: remainder=p-(p/q*q)
Step 3: remainder=0 return q else goto step 4
Step 4: GCD(q,remainder) return to main program
Flowchart:
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int gcdnonrecursive(int m,int n)
{
int remainder;

remainder=m-(m/n*n);
if(remainder==0)
return n;
else
gcdnonrecursive(n,remainder);
}
void main()
{
int a,b,igcd;
clrscr();
printf("enter the two numbers whose gcd is to be found:");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
printf("GCD of %d",gcdnonrecursive(a,b));
getch();
}
Output:
1. enter the two numbers whose gcd is to be found:5,25
GCD of a,b is : 5

Week: 7
7) a) Write a C program to find both the largest and smallest number
in a list of integers.
AIM:
To find the largest and smallest number in a list of integers.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: start
Step 2: read n
Step 3: initialize i=0
Step 4: if i<n do as follows. If not goto step 5
Read a[i]
Increment i
Goto step 4
Step 5: small=a[0], large=a[0]
Step 6: initialize i=0
Step 7: if i<n do as follows. If
not goto step 8
If a[i]<small
Assign small=a[i]
If a[i]>large
Assign large=a[i]
Increment i goto Step 7
Step 8: print small, large
Step 9: stop

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{ int a[10],i,n,small,large;
clrscr();
printf("Enter The Array Size:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("ENTER ELEMENTS OF ARRAY");
for(i=0;i<n;i++) // read the elements of an array
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
small=a[0];
large=a[0];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)// read the elements of an array
{ if(a[i]<small)// check the condition for minimum value
small=a[i];
if(a[i]>large)//check the condition for maximum value
large=a[i];
}
printf("largest value is:%d\n",large);
printf("smallest value is:%d\n",small);
getch();
}
INPUT:
Enter The Array Size:10
ENTER THE ELEMENTS OF ARRAY
7 10 9 8 6 5 2 3 4 1
OUTPUT:
largest value is : 10
smallest value is : 1

7) b) Write a C Program to Sort the Array in an Ascending Order.
Program:
C Program to Sort the Array in an Ascending Order
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
int i, j, a, n, number[30];
printf("Enter the value of N \n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the numbers \n");
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
scanf("%d", &number[i]);
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
for (j = i + 1; j < n; ++j)
if (number[i] > number[j])
a = number[i];
number[i] = number[j];
number[j] = a;

printf("The numbers arranged in ascending order are given below \n");
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
printf("%d\n", number[i]);
}
Output:
Enter the value of N
6
Enter the numbers

3
78
90
456
780
200
The numbers arranged in ascending order are given below
3
78
90
200
456
780

7) c) Write a C Program to find whether given matrix is symmetric or

not.
Program:
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],i,j,m;
clrscr();
printf("Enter order of square matrix: ");
scanf("%d",&m);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
{
printf("Enter value of a[%d][%d]: ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<m;j++)
{
if(a[i][j]!=a[j][i])
{
printf("\n\nMatrix is not symmetric");
getch();
exit(0);
}
}
}
printf("\n\nMatrix is symmetric");
getch();
}
Output:
Enter order of square matrix:2
Enter value of a[0][0]:12
Matrix is symmetric

Week : 9
9) a) Write a C program to perform addition of two matrices.
AIM:
To perform addition of two matrices.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step21: for i is 0 to 2 by step 1
for j is 0 to 2 by step 1
Step 3: Read a[i][j],b[i][j]
Step 4: goto step 2
Step 5: calculate c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j]
Step 6: goto step 2
Step 7: Print c[i][j]
Step 8: Stop
Flow Chart:
Start
For i=0;i<3;i++ F
For j=0;j<3;j++
T
Read a[i][j], b[i][j]
For i=0;i<3;i++
For j=0;j<3;j++
F
T
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j]
For i=0;i<3;i++
For j=0;j<3;j++
T
Print c[i][j] Stop

PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[3][3],b[3][3],c[3][3];
int i,j;
clrscr();
printf("ENTER A MATRIX\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
printf("ENTER B MATRIX\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}
printf(" After addition of two matrices :\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

INPUT:
ENTER a MATRIX
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
ENTER b MATRIX
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
OUTPUT:
After addition of two matrices is..
2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9 10

9) b)Write a C program that uses functions to perform Multiplication of

Two Matrices.
Matrices.
AIM:
To perform multiplication of two matrices.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step21: for i is 0 to 2 by step 1
for j is 0 to 2 by step 1
Step 3: Read a[i][j],b[i][j]
Step 4: goto step 2
Step 5: calculate c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j]
Step 6: goto step 2
Step 7: Print c[i][j]
Step 8: Stop
Program:
#include<stdio.h >
#include<conio.h>
int i,j,k;
void main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],m,n,p,q;
void mul(int x[10][10],int y[10][10],int z[10][10],int m,int n,int p,int q);
void read(int x[10][10],int m,int n);
void display(int x[10][10], int m,int n);
clrscr();
printf("Enter the size of A Mtrix (Row and Col): \n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter the size of B Mtrix (Row and Col): \n");
scanf("%d%d",&p,&q);
if(n!=p)
{
printf("Multiplication Not Possible\n Please re-enter\n");
printf("correct size and try again .....\n");
}
else
{
read(a,m,n);
read(b,m,n);
mul(a,b,c,m,n,p,q);
printf("A Matrix is :\n");
display(a,m,n);

printf("B Matrix is :\n");
display(b,m,n);
printf("C Matrix is :\n");
display(c,m,n);
}
getch();
}
void mul(int x[10][10],int y[10][10],int z[10][10],int m,int n,int p,int q)
{
for (i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
z[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
z[i][j]+= x[i][k]*y[k][j];
}
void read(int x[10][10], int m,int n)

{
printf("Enter Matrix Value Row by Row\n");
for (i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&x[i][j]);
void display(int x[10][10], int m,int n)

{
for (i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%5d",x[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n");

Input:
Enter the size of A Mtrix (Row and Col): 2 2
Enter the size of B Mtrix (Row and Col): 2 2
Enter Matrix Value Row by Row

1 0
2 6
Enter Matrix Value Row by Row
3 4
4 2
Output:
A matrix is:
1 0
2 6
B Matrix is:
3 4
4 2
C matrix is:
3 4
24 20

Week: 10
10) a) Write a C program to use function to insert a sub-string in to given main

string from a given position.
Aim:
To insert a string into another string from a specified position.
Flow Chart :

Algorithm:
Step 1: start
Step 2: read main string and sub string
Step 3: find the length of main string(r)
Step 4: find length of sub string(n)
Step 5: copy main string into sub string
Step 6: read the position to insert the sub string( p)
Step 7: copy sub string into main string from position p-1
Step 8: copy temporary string into main string from position p+n-1
Step 9: print the strings
Step 10: stop
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char a[3qq0],b[30],c[30];
int pos=0,i=0,l,la,lb,lc,j;
puts("Enter a string");
gets(a);
puts("Enter sub string");
gets(b);
puts("enter position for insertion");
scanf("%d",&pos);
la=strlen(a);
lb=strlen(b);
l=pos+lb;
lc=la+lb;
for(i=0;i<pos;i++)
{
c[i]=a[i];
}
j=0;
for(i=pos;i<=l;i++)
{
c[i]=b[j];
j++;
}
j=pos;
for(i=l;i<lc;i++)
{
c[i]=a[j];
j++;
}
c[i]='\0';
puts("String after Insertion is:");
printf("%s",c);

Input:
Enter First String:
Comer
Enter Second String:
put
Output:
Enter the position where the item has to be inserted:3
Computer

10) b) To delete n Characters from a given position in a given string.
Aim: To delete n Characters from a given position in a given string.
Algorithm:
Step 1: start
Step 2: read string
Step 3: find the length of the string
Step 4: read the value of number of characters to be deleted and positioned
Step 5: string copy part of string from position to end, and
(position + number of characters to end)
Step 6: stop
Flow Chart:

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char a[30],c[30];
int pos=0,i=0,L,La,j,n;
puts("Enter a string");
gets(a);
puts("enter position for deletion");
scanf("%d",&pos);
puts("Enter number of characters to be deleted");
scanf("%d",&n);
La=strlen(a);
L=pos+n;
for(i=0;i<pos;i++)
{
c[i]=a[i];
}
j=pos;
for(i=L;i<=La;i++)
{
c[j]=a[i];
j++;
}
puts("String after Deletion is:");
printf("%s",c);
}
Input:
Enter the string
jayapal
Enter the position from where to delete:4

Enter the number of characters to be deleted 2
Output:
jayal

Week: 11
11) a) Write a C program using user defined functions to determine whether the
given string is palindrome or not.
Aim: To determine if the given string is palindrome or not.

Description :
Palindrome means string on reversal should be same as original
Ex: madam on reversal is also madam
Algorithm:
Step 1: start
Step 2: read string A
Step 3: copy string A into B
Step 4: reverse string B
Step 5: compare A &B
If A equals B to got step 6
Else goto step 7
Step 6:print given string A is pallindrom
Step 7:print given string is not pallindroma
Step 8: stop
Flow Chart:

Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char string[25], reverse_string[25] = {'\0'};
int i, length = 0, flag = 0;
printf("Enter a string \n");

gets(string);
for (i = 0; string[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
length++;
}
printf("The length of the string '%s' = %d\n", string, length);
for (i = length - 1; i >= 0 ; i--)
{
reverse_string[length - i - 1] = string[i];
}
for (flag = 1, i = 0; i < length ; i++)

{
if (reverse_string[i] != string[i])
flag = 0;
}
if (flag == 1)
printf ("%s is a palindrome \n", string);
else
printf("%s is not a palindrome \n", string);
}
Input:
Enter a string
madam
Output:
The length of the string 'madam' = 5
madam is a palindrome

11. b) Write a C program that displays the position or index in the string S
where the string T begins, or - 1 if S doesn't contain T.
Aim: To display the position or index in the string S where the string T begins,
or - 1 if S doesn't contain T
Algorithm:
Step 1: start
Step 2: read the string and then displayed
Step 3: read the string to be searched and then displayed
Step 4: searching the string T in string S and then perform the following steps
i. found=strstr(S,T)
ii. if found print the second string is found in the first string at the
position. If not goto step 5
Step 5: print the -1
Step 6: stop
Flow Chart:
Start
initialize s[],t[], found vars
Read First String
Display string
Read string to be searched

[
Display the string
Found = strstr(s,t)
No if found Yes
Print -1 print the string

Found –s
Stop

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s[30], t[20];
char *found;
clrscr();
/* Entering the main string */
puts("Enter the first string: ");
gets(s);
/* Entering the string whose position or index to be displayed */
puts("Enter the string to be searched: ");
gets(t);
/*Searching string t in string s */
found=strstr(s,t);
if(found)
printf("Second String is found in the First String at %d position.\n",found-s);
else
printf("-1");
getch();
}
Input:
Enter the first string:
computer
Enter the string to be seareched:
mp
Output:
Second string is found in the first string at 2 position

Week: 12
12) a) Write a C program to count the number of lines, words and
characters in a given text.
AIM:
To count the number of lines, words and characters in a given list.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read the text until an empty line
Step 3: Compare each character with newline char ‘\n’ to count no of lines
Step 4: Compare each character with tab char ‘\t\’ or space char ‘ ‘ to count no
of words
Step 5: Compare first character with NULL char ‘\0’ to find the end of text
Step 6: No of characters = length of each line of text
Step 7: Print no of lines, no of words, no of chars
Step 8: Stop.
Flow Chart:
Start
Initialize end=0,chars=0,words=0,lines=0
While
End==0
true
C=0
false
If (ctr=getchar())!=’\n’
True Line[c]=’\0’
Line[c++]=ctr
true If line[0]=’\0’
Print lines, false

Words,chars i=0 Words ++
i++ line[i]!=’\0’
stop T F
If line[i]==’ ‘|| Lines++
Line[i]==’\t’ Chars+=strlen(line)
Words ++

PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char line[81], ctr;
int i,c,
end = 0,
characters = 0,
words = 0,
lines = 0;
printf("TYPE ANY TEXT.\n");
printf("GIVE ONE SPACE AFTER EACH WORD.\n");
while( end == 0)
{
/* Reading a line of text */
c = 0;
while((ctr=getchar()) != '\n')
line[c++] = ctr;
line[c] = '\0';
/* counting the words in a line */
if(line[0] == '\0')
break ;
else
{
words++;
for(i=0; line[i] != '\0';i++)
if(line[i] == ' ' || line[i] == '\t')
words++;
}
/* counting lines and characters */
lines = lines +1;
characters = characters + strlen(line);
}
printf ("\n");
printf("Number of lines = %d\n", lines);
printf("Number of words = %d\n", words);
printf("Number of characters = %d\n", characters);
}

INPUT:
TYPE ANY TEXT
GIVE ONE SPACE AFTER EACH WORD.
Ramu is a good boy.
OUTPUT:
THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN A GIVEN TEXT IS..18
THE NUMBER OF WORDS IN A GIVEN TEXT IS..5
THE NUMBER OF LINES IN A GIVEN TEXT IS..1

12) b) Write a C program to find the length of the string using Pointer.
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int string_ln(char*);
void main() {
char str[20];
int length;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter any string : ");

gets(str);
length = string_ln(str);
printf("The length of the given string %s is : %d", str, length);
getch();
}
int string_ln(char*p) /* p=&str[0] */

{
int count = 0;
while (*p != '\0') {
count++;
p++;
}
return count;
}
Input:
Enter the String : pritesh
Output:
Length of the given string pritesh is : 7
Signature of faculty with Date

Week: 13
13) a) Write a C program to Display array elements using calloc( ) function.
AIM:
To write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this program, allocate
memory dynamically using calloc() function.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int i, n;
int *a;
printf("Number of elements to be entered:");

scanf("%d",&n);
a = (int*)calloc(n, sizeof(int));
printf("Enter %d numbers:\n",n);
for( i=0 ; i < n ; i++ )
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("The numbers entered are: ");

for( i=0 ; i < n ; i++ )
{
printf("%d ",a[i]);
}
return(0);
}
Output:
Number of elements to be entered:3

Enter 3 numbers:
22
55
14
The numbers entered are: 22 55 14
Signature of faculty with Date

13) b) Write a C Program to Calculate Total and Percentage marks of a student

using structure.
Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct student
{
int rl;
char nm[20];
int m1;
int m2;
int m3;
int t;
float per;
};
void main()
{
struct student a;
clrscr();
printf(" Enter RollNo, Name amd three sub marks\n");
scanf("%d%s%d%d%d",&a.rl,&a.nm,&a.m1,&a.m2,&a.m3);
a.t=a.m1+a.m2+a.m3;
a.per=a.t/3.0;
printf("rollno=%d\n",a.rl);
printf("Name=%sk\n",a.nm);
printf("m1=%d\n",a.m1);
printf("total=%d\n",a.t);
printf("per=%f\n",a.per);
getch();
}
Input:
Enter RollNo, Name and three sub marks
12 rama 30 40 50
Output:
rollno=12
Name=rama
m1=30
m2=40
m3=50
total=120
per=40.000000

Week: 14
14) a)Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations:
i) Reading a complex number
ii) Writing a complex number
iii) Addition of two complex numbers
iv) Multiplication of two complex numbers
AIM: To perform arithmetic operations on complex numbers

Complex numbers of type a+ib
Addition: (a+ib)+(x+iy)=a+x+i(b+y)
Subtraction: (a+ib)-(x+iy)=a-x+i(b-y)
Multiplication: (a+ib)*(x+iy)= ax-by+i(ay+bx)
Division
+� −� +� ∗ −� + +� − + −
(a+ib)/(x-iy) = +�
* −�
= 2+ 2
= 2+ 2
= 2+ 2
+� 2+ 2
ALGORITHM:
Step 1:start
Step 2: Read Two complex numbers c1 ,c2
Step 3: c3=c1+c2
Step 4:print c3
Step 5: c3=c1-c2
Step 6: print c3
Step 7: c3=c1*c2
Step 8: print c3
Step 9: c3=c1/c2
Step 10: print c3
Step 11:print c
Step 12:stop
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct complex
{
float real,img;
};
/*code for reading complex number*/

struct complex read_complex()
{
struct complex c;
printf("enter real part of complex number");
scanf("%f",&c.real);
printf("enter Imaginary part of complex number");
scanf("%f",&c.img);
return c;
}
/*code for adding complex numbers*/

struct complex add_complex(struct complex c1,struct complex c2)
{
struct complex c3;
c3.real=c1.real+c2.real;
c3.img=c1.img+c2.img;
return c3;
}
/*code for subtraction of complex numbers*/

struct complex sub_complex(struct complex c1,struct complex c2)
{
struct complex c3;
c3.real=c1.real-c2.real;
c3.img=c1.img-c2.img;
return c3;
}
/*code for multiplication of complex numbers*/

struct complex mul_complex(struct complex c1,struct complex c2)
{
struct complex c3;
c3.real=c1.real*c2.real-c1.img*c2.img;
c3.img= c1.img*c2.real+c2.img*c1.real;
return c3;
}
/*code for division of complex numbers*/

struct complex div_complex(struct complex c1,struct complex c2)
{
struct complex c3;
c3.real= (c1.real*c2.real+c1.img*c2.img)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.img*c2.img);
c3.img= (c1.img*c2.real-c1.real*c2.img)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.img*c2.img);
return c3;
}
/*code for display of complex number*/

void display_complex(struct complex c)
{
char sign;
printf("The result is:");
if(c.img<0)

{
sign='-';
c.img=-c.img;
}
else
sign='+';
printf("%5f%ci%5f",c.real,sign,c.img);
int main()
{
int choice;
struct complex a,b,c;
while(1)
{
printf("\n---------------------------------\n");
printf("|Menu for operation complex numbers|\n ");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf("1.Addition \n ");
printf("2.Subtraction \n ");
printf("3.Multiplication \n ");
printf("4.Division \n ");
printf("5.Clear Screen \n ");
printf("6.Exit Menu \n ");
printf("Enter Your Choice: ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:printf("You Have Selected Addition operation on complex NUmbers\n");
printf("Enter First complex number\n");
a=read_complex();
printf("Enter Second complex Number\n");
b=read_complex();
c=add_complex(a,b);
display_complex(c);
break;
case 2:printf("You Have Selected Subtraction operation on complex NUmbers\n");
a=read_complex();
b=read_complex();
c=sub_complex(a,b);
display_complex(c);
break;
case 3:printf("You Have Selected Multiplication operation on complex Numbers\n");
a=read_complex();
b=read_complex();

c=mul_complex(a,b);
display_complex(c);
break;
case 4:printf("You Have Selected Division operation on complex Numbers\n");
a=read_complex();
b=read_complex();
c=div_complex(a,b);
display_complex(c);
break;
case 5: clrscr();
break;
case 6: exit(0);
default:printf("Invalid choice");
}
}

14)b) write a c program to display the contents of a file.
Aim: To display the contents of a file.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include <process.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fs;
char ch;
char *fname;
printf("Enter the file name :");

gets(fname);
fs = fopen(fname,"r");
if(fs==NULL)
{
puts("Source file cannot be opened.");
getch();
}
else
{
while((ch=fgetc(fs))!=EOF)
{
putchar(ch);
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Input:
Enter the file name :sample.txt
Output:
this is my first program

Week: 15
15)a) Write a C program to copy the contents of one file to another.
Aim:
Program which copies one file to another
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: read command line arguments
Step 3: check if no of arguments =3 or not. If not print invalid no of arguments
Step 4: open source file in read mode
Step 5: if NULL pointer, then print source file can not be open
Step 6: open destination file in write mode
Step 7: if NULL pointer, then print destination file can not be open
Step 8 : read a character from source file and write to destination file until EOF
Step 9: Close source file and destination file
Step 10: Stop

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *ft,*fs;
int c=0;
clrscr();
fs=fopen("a.txt","r");
ft=fopen("b.txt","w");
if(fs==NULL)
{
printf("Source file opening error\n");
exit(1);
}
else
if(ft==NULL)
{

printf("Target file opening error\n");

exit(1);
}
while(!feof(fs))
{
fputc(fgetc(fs),ft);
c++;
}
printf("%d bytes copied from 'a.txt' to 'b.txt'",c);
c=fcloseall();
printf("%d files closed",c);
}
INPUT:
a.txt
An array is a collection of elements of similar datatypes
OUTPUT:
57 bytes copied from ‘a.txt’ to ‘b.txt’
2 files closed

15) b) Write a C program to merge two files into a third file (i.e., the contents of
the first file followed by those of the second are put in the third.
Program :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2,*fp3;
char file1[20],file2[20],file3[20],ch;
puts("Program to merge two files....\n");
puts("Enter first file name:");
gets(file1);
puts("Enter Second file name:");
gets(file2);
puts("Enter Destination file name:");
gets(file3);
fp1=fopen(file1,"r");
fp2=fopen(file2,"r");
fp3=fopen(file3,"w");
if(fp1==NULL&&fp2==NULL)
printf("Error opening file1 and file2.....\n");
else
{
if(fp3==NULL)
printf("Error in creating destination file....\n");
else
{
while((ch=fgetc(fp1))!=EOF)
putc(ch,fp3);
while((ch=fgetc(fp2))!=EOF)
putc(ch,fp3);
}
printf("File Merging Sucessfull....");
fcloseall();
getch();
}
}

15) c) Write a C program to reverse the first n characters in a file.

(Note: The file name and n are specified on the command line.)
Aim: To reverse the first n characters in a file

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: read the command line arguments
Step 3: check if arguments=3 or not
If not print invalid no of arguments
Step 4: open source file in read mode
Step 5: if NULL pointer, then print file can not be open
Step 6: Store no of chars to reverse in k
K= *argv[2]-48
Step 7: read the item from file stream using fread
Step 8: Store chars from last position to initial position in another string(temp)
Step 9: print the temp string
Step 10: Stop

Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <process.h>
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char a[15];
char s[20];
char n;
int k;
int j=0;
int i;
int len;
FILE *fp;
if(argc!=3)
{
puts("Improper number of arguments.");
exit(0);
}
fp = fopen(argv[1],"r");
if(fp == NULL)
{
puts("File cannot be opened.");
exit(0);
}
k=*argv[2]-48;
n = fread(a,1,k,fp);
a[n]='\0';
len=strlen(a);
for(i=len-1;i>=0;i--)
{
s[j]=a[i];
printf("%c",s[j]);
j=j+1;
}
s[j+1]='\0';
getch();
}

Input:
source.c
this is source
ouput.c
this is source
Output: Command line arguments
source.c ouput.c
source.c
this is source
ecruos si siht

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MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)

Bra ch:……………………………..Sectio ……………………

S.NO Program Remarks

1 Roots of quadratic equation

2 Compare the efficiency of Carnot Cycle

3 Draw an equation represented as Y = Z*X pow a + C

5 Create numpy 3d-array

6 Plane Stresses Program

8 To Calculate the Bending Stresses

To calculate the various parameters in Torsion of Circular

10 To calculate the Deflection of Beams of Standard Cases

11 To Calculate the Eulers Crippling Load for Long Column.

12 Thin Cylinders Program.

1. a) Write a C program to find the sum and average of three numbers.

Step 2: Declare variables num1, num2,num3 and sum,average.

Step 3: Read values num1,num2,num3

Step 4: Add num1,num2,num3 and assign the result to sum.

Step 5: Display sum and average

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 1

Sum and average of three integers: 11 3

Record at least 3 results

Signature of faculty with date

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 2

1. b) Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of positive

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 3

Record at least 3 results

Signature of faculty with date

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 4

1).c) Fibonacci Sequence is defined as follows: the first and second

AIM: To generate the first n terms of the Fibonacci sequence..

Stop TRUE Print f0

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 5

Record at least 3 results

Signature of faculty with date

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 6

2) a)Write a C program to generate all prime numbers between

Aim: To print a prime numbers up to 1 to n

MRCET endCODE: MLRD

Signature of faculty with date

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 8

2) b) Write a C program to Check whether given number is Armstrong Number

AIM: To Check whether given number is Armstrong Number or Not

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 9

Record at least 3 results

Signature of faculty with date

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 10

2) c). Write a C program to evaluate algebraic expression (ax+b)/(ax-b)

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 11

Input:enter the values of a,b,x

Record at least 3 results

Signature of faculty with date

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 12

3) a). Write a C program to check whether given number is perfect number or

AIM: To Check whether given number is perfect number or not

printf("Enter a number: ");

MRCET EAMCET CODE: MLRD w w w .m r c e t. ac.in 13

3) b) Write a C program to check whether a number is strong number or not.

AIM: To check whether given number is strong number or not