MAT 1320 Midterm 2 Supplement Solutions F21 FINAL

MAT 1320 Midterm 2 Supplement Solutions
2019 (Fall) #1 1
2019 (Fall) #2 10
2019 (Fall) #3 19
2018 (Fall) #1 28
2018 (Fall) #2 38
2018 (Fall) #3 48
2017 (Fall) #1 59
2017 (Fall) #2 72
2017 (Fall) #3 84
2016 (Fall) #1 96
2016 (Fall) #2 103
2016 (Fall) #3 110
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2015 (Fall) #1 127
2015 (Fall) #2 136
2015 (Fall) #3 145
©Prep101 MAT 1320 Midterm 2 Supplement Solutions
MAT 1320
Fall 2019
Midterm #2 – Version #1
Multiple Choice (2 points each):

1. Left-handed Riemann sum.
Since the question states we are to do L4, we will use 4 steps to get from x = 3 to x = 5. We can
also see from the table of data that the step size is ∆x =0.5 .
0 1 2 3 4 i
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 x
f(3) f(3.5) f(4) f(4.5)
f ( 3) = 2
f ( 3.5 ) = 3
f ( 4) = 5
f ( 4.5 ) = 8
n −1 3
∑ f (=
xi* ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
*
i
=i 0=i 0
= ( 2 + 3 + 5 + 8)( 0.5)
L4 = 9
ANSWER: B
1
2. Log differentiation.
ln f ( x ) = ln ( sin x ) 
x
 
= x ln ( sin x )
d d
ln f ( x ) =  x ln ( sin x ) 
dx dx   
Product Rule
1 x
= f ′( x) (1) ln sin x + ( sin x )′
f ( x) sin x
x
= ln sin x + ( cos x )
sin x
x cos x
= ln sin x +
sin x
 x cos x 
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x )  ln sin x + 
 sin x 
 x cos x 
( sin x )
x
=  ln sin x + 
 sin x 
Now we can plug in the given value of x and get our final answer.
 π  π 
π /2    cos   
π   π  π  2  2 
=f ′    sin  ln sin   +  
2  2  2 π 
sin   
  2  
= 1( 0 + 0 )
=0
ANSWER: A
3. Derivative of an integral.
d  x2 2 
dx  ∫1
= t dt 

( x )′ ( x ) − (1)′ (1)
2 2 2 2
= 2x ( x4 ) − 0
= 2 x5
ANSWER: D
2
4. Integrate twice.
We are given
2−3 x
f ′′ ( x ) =
x3
2 3 x
= − 3
x3 x
= 2 x − 3 x −5/2
−3
We can then integrate once to solve for f’(x):
f ′ ( x ) = ∫ f ′′ ( x ) dx
∫ ( 2x − 3 x −5/2 ) dx
−3
=
2 x −2 3 x −3/2
= − + C1
−2 −3 / 2
1 3 2
=− 2 + 3/2   + C1
x x 3
1 2
=− 2 + 3/2 + C1
x x
Subbing in the initial value f’(1) = 1, we can solve for C1.
f ′ (1) = 1
1 2
1= − 2 + 3/2 + C1
1 1
1 =−1 + 2 + C1
0
∴ C1 =
1 6 4
Therefore, f ′ ( x ) =
− 2 + 5/2 + .
x 5x 5
We can integrate again to solve for f(x).

Rewriting f’(x) first to make it easier to integrate…
1 2
f ′( x) =
− 2 + 3/2
x x
− x + 2 x −3/2
= −2
And integrating…
3
f ( x ) = ∫ f ′ ( x ) dx
=∫ ( − x −2 + 2 x −3/2 ) dx
x −1 2 x −1/2
=
− + + C2
−1 −1/ 2
 2
=x −1 + 2 x −1/2  −  C2
 1
1 4
=− + C2
x x
Subbing in the initial value f(1) = -1, we can solve for C2.
f (1) = −1
1 4
−1 = − + C2
1 1
=1 − 4 + C2
2
∴ C2 =
Therefore,
1 4
f ( x) = − +2
x x
1 4
Now we can get the final answer: f ( 4 ) = − + 2 = 0.25 or 1/ 4
4 4
ANSWER: B
4
5. Linear approximation.
First, let’s find the formula for the linear approximation of the function at x = 3. Note that the
point x = 3 is the point a in the formula.
f (=
x) ( 5 x + 1)
1/2
1/2
f ( 3) = 5 ( 3) + 1 = 4
1 5 5
f ′( x) = ( 5 x + 1) ( 5 x )′ = 1/2 =
−1/2
2 2 ( 5 x + 1) 2 5x + 1
5 5 5
′ ( 3)
f= = =
2 5 ( 3) + 1 2 ( 4 ) 8
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 3) + f ′ ( 3)( x − 3)
5
4
=+ ( x − 3)
8
Next, let’s figure out what value x we are estimating the function at. We can do this by equating
the original function and the value of the function we are estimating, and then solving for x.
5 x + 1 =15
5x + 1 = 15
5 x = 14
14
x=
5
To estimate the value of 15 , we will plug x = 14/5 into our linear approximation formula.
 14  5  14 
L  = 4 +  − 3
5 8 5 
5 1
=4 +  − 
8 5
1
= 4−
8
31
=
8
ANSWER: C
5
6. Integration by parts. First, we can solve the integral without bounds (i.e., as an indefinite
integral), and then add the bounds on back at the end. The notation doesn’t matter so
much in this case because it’s a multiple choice question. �
= u arctan
= x dv 1 dx
1
=du = dx v x
1 + x2
x
∫ arctan
= x dx x arctan x − ∫ +
1
dx
x  2
can't integrate directly...

now it's time for
SUBSTITUTION
Let’s just focus on the substitution part…
w= 1 + x2
dw
= 2x
dx
1
dx = dw
2x
x x 1
∫ 1+ x 2
dx = ∫
w 2x
dw
x 1
=∫ dw
w 2x
1 1
= ∫   dw
2w
1
= ln w + C
2
1
= ln 1 + x 2 + C
2
Now let’s put it all together!

1
∫ arctan=
x dx x arctan x − ln 1 + x 2 + C
2
Evaluating between the two given bounds, we don’t need to worry about the +C anymore…
6
1
1  1 
∫0 arctan x=
dx  x arctan x − ln 1 + x 2 
 2 0
 1   1 2 
= 1arctan1 − ln 1 + 12  − 0 arctan 0 − 2 ln 1 + 0 
 2
π 1 
=  − ln 2  − ( 0 − 0 )
4 2 
π 1
= − ln 2
4 2
1
= (π − 2 ln 2 )
4
ANSWER: E
Long Answer Questions (4 points each):

7. Related rates.
We are given the following information

in the question:
x = 20 m
z z = 25 m
y dx/dt = 0 (we can assume the person is
standing still)
dz/dt = -3 m/s (the distance is reducing)
x
This is exciting stuff. A ball is falling down. �

We want to determine the rate at which the height of the ball is changing at this very moment.
This is equivalent to calculate the speed along the opposite side of the triangle, or dy/dt.
7
First, let’s calculate y using the Pythagorean theorem:

2
z= x2 + y 2
2
y= z 2 − x2
=y z 2 − x2
= 252 − 202
= 225
= 15 m
Now, let’s take the time derivative of the same formula. This will allow us to calculate dy/dt. To
accomplish this, we will use Implicit Differentiation.
2
z= x2 + y 2
d 2 d 2
dt
=( z )
dt
( x + y2 )
dz dx dy
2=z 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
2z = 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
z= x + y
dt dt dt
dz dx
z −x
dy
= dt dt
dt y
m  m
( 25 m )  −3  − ( 20 m )  0 
 s  s
=
15 m
m
= −5
s
8
8. Substitution. But sneakier. �
u= x + 1= x1/2 + 1
du 1 −1/2 1
= = x
dx 2 2 x
dx = 2 x du
x = 1 → u = 1 +1 = 2
x = 4→u = 4 +1 = 3
1 31 Still have x’s after u

( )
4
∫
1
x +1
dx = ∫
2 u
2 x du substitution…
something is
wrong… OR!!!!
u= x +1 → x = u −1
2 ( u − 1)
3
=∫ du
2 u
3  2u 2
= ∫  −  du
2
 u u
3 2
= ∫  2 −  du
2
 u
( 2u − 2 ln u )
3
=
2
=  2 ( 3) − 2 ln 3 −  2 ( 2 ) − 2 ln 2 
= ( 6 − 2 ln 3) − ( 4 − 2 ln 2 )
2 − 2 ln 3 + 2 ln 2
=
9
MAT 1320
Fall 2019

0 1 2 3 4 i
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 x
f(3) f(3.5) f(4) f(4.5)
f ( 3) = 2
f ( 3.5 ) = 3
f ( 4) = 5
f ( 4.5 ) = 8
n −1 3
∑ f (=
xi* ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
*
i
=i 0=i 0
= ( 2 + 3 + 5 + 8)( 0.5)
L4 = 9
ANSWER: E
10
ln f ( x ) = ln ( sin x ) 
x
 
= x ln ( sin x )
d d
ln f ( x ) =  x ln ( sin x ) 
dx dx   
Product Rule
1 x
= f ′( x) (1) ln sin x + ( sin x )′
f ( x) sin x
x
sin x
x cos x
= ln sin x +
sin x
 x cos x 
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x )  ln sin x + 
 sin x 
 x cos x 
( sin x )
x
=  ln sin x + 
 sin x 
 π  π 
π /2    cos   
π   π  π  2  2 
=f ′    sin  ln sin   +  
2  2  2 π 
sin   
  2  
= 1( 0 + 0 )
=0
ANSWER: F
d  x2 2 
dx  ∫1
= t dt 

( x )′ ( x ) − (1)′ (1)
2 2 2 2
= 2x ( x4 ) − 0
= 2 x5
ANSWER: B
11
4. Integrate twice.
We are given
2−3 x
f ′′ ( x ) =
x3
2 3 x
= − 3
x3 x
= 2 x − 3 x −5/2
−3
f ′ ( x ) = ∫ f ′′ ( x ) dx
∫ ( 2x − 3 x −5/2 ) dx
−3
=
2 x −2 3 x −3/2
= − + C1
−2 −3 / 2
1 3 2
=− 2 + 3/2   + C1
x x 3
1 2
=− 2 + 3/2 + C1
x x
f ′ (1) = 1
1 2
1= − 2 + 3/2 + C1
1 1
1 =−1 + 2 + C1
0
∴ C1 =
1 6 4
− 2 + 5/2 + .
x 5x 5

1 2
f ′( x) =
− 2 + 3/2
x x
− x + 2 x −3/2
= −2
And integrating…
12
f ( x ) = ∫ f ′ ( x ) dx
=∫ ( − x −2 + 2 x −3/2 ) dx
x −1 2 x −1/2
=
− + + C2
−1 −1/ 2
 2
=x −1 + 2 x −1/2  −  C2
 1
1 4
=− + C2
x x
f (1) = −1
1 4
−1 = − + C2
1 1
=1 − 4 + C2
2
∴ C2 =
Therefore,
1 4
f ( x) = − +2
x x
1 4
4 4
ANSWER: E
13
f (=
x) ( 5 x + 1)
1/2
1/2
f ( 3) = 5 ( 3) + 1 = 4
1 5 5
f ′( x) = ( 5 x + 1) ( 5 x )′ = 1/2 =
−1/2
2 2 ( 5 x + 1) 2 5x + 1
5 5 5
′ ( 3)
f= = =
2 5 ( 3) + 1 2 ( 4 ) 8
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 3) + f ′ ( 3)( x − 3)
5
4
=+ ( x − 3)
8
5 x + 1 =15
5x + 1 = 15
5 x = 14
14
x=
5
 14  5  14 
L  = 4 +  − 3
 5 8 5 
5 1
=4 +  − 
8 5
1
= 4−
8
31
=
8
ANSWER: A
14
=u arctan
= x dv 1 dx
1
=du = dx v x
1 + x2
x
∫ arctan
1
dx
x  2

now it's time for
SUBSTITUTION
w= 1 + x2
dw
= 2x
dx
1
dx = dw
2x
x x 1
∫ 1+ x 2
dx = ∫
w 2x
dw
x 1
=∫ dw
w 2x
1 1
= ∫   dw
2w
1
= ln w + C
2
1
= ln 1 + x 2 + C
2

1
∫ arctan=
2
15
1
1  1 
∫0 arctan x=
 2 0
 1   1 2 
 2
π 1 
=  − ln 2  − ( 0 − 0 )
4 2 
π 1
= − ln 2
4 2
1
= (π − 2 ln 2 )
4
ANSWER: C

7. Related rates.

in the question:
x=4m
z z=5m
standing still)
dz/dt = -1.5 m/s (the distance is
x reducing)

16

2
z= x2 + y 2
2
y= z 2 − x2
=y z 2 − x2
= 52 − 4 2
= 9
= 3m
2
z= x2 + y 2
d 2 d 2
dt
=( z )
dt
( x + y2 )
dz dx dy
2=z 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
2z = 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
z= x + y
dt dt dt
dz dx
z −x
dy
= dt dt
dt y
m  m
( 5 m )  −1.5  − (4 m)  0 
 s  s
=
3m
m
= −2.5
s
17
u= x + 1= x1/2 + 1
du 1 −1/2 1
= = x
dx 2 2 x
dx = 2 x du
x = 0→u = 0 +1 = 1
x = 4→u = 4 +1 = 3

( )
4
∫
0
x +1
dx = ∫
1 u
something is
wrong… OR!!!!
u= x +1 → x = u −1
2 ( u − 1)
3
=∫ du
1 u
3  2u 2
= ∫  −  du
1
 u u
3 2
= ∫  2 −  du
1
 u
( 2u − 2 ln u )
3
=
1
=  2 ( 3) − 2 ln 3 −  2 (1) − 2 ln1

= ( 6 − 2 ln 3) − ( 2 − 0 )
= 4 − 2 ln 3
18
MAT 1320
Fall 2019

0 1 2 3 4 i
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 x
f(3) f(3.5) f(4) f(4.5)
f ( 3) = 2
f ( 3.5 ) = 3
f ( 4) = 5
f ( 4.5 ) = 8
n −1 3
∑ f (=
xi* ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
*
i
=i 0=i 0
= ( 2 + 3 + 5 + 8)( 0.5)
L4 = 9
ANSWER: A
19
ln f ( x ) = ln ( sin x ) 
x
 
= x ln ( sin x )
d d
ln f ( x ) =  x ln ( sin x ) 
dx dx   
Product Rule
1 x
= f ′( x) (1) ln sin x + ( sin x )′
f ( x) sin x
x
sin x
x cos x
= ln sin x +
sin x
 x cos x 
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x )  ln sin x + 
 sin x 
 x cos x 
( sin x )
x
=  ln sin x + 
 sin x 
 π  π 
π /2    cos   
π   π  π  2  2 
=f ′    sin  ln sin   +  
2  2  2 π 
sin   
  2  
= 1( 0 + 0 )
=0
ANSWER: E
20
d  x2 2 
dx  ∫1
= t dt 

( x )′ ( x ) − (1)′ (1)
2 2 2 2
= 2x ( x4 ) − 0
= 2 x5
ANSWER: C
4. Integrate twice.
We are given
2−3 x
f ′′ ( x ) =
x3
2 3 x
= − 3
x3 x
= 2 x − 3 x −5/2
−3
f ′ ( x ) = ∫ f ′′ ( x ) dx
∫ ( 2x − 3 x −5/2 ) dx
−3
=
2 x −2 3 x −3/2
= − + C1
−2 −3 / 2
1 3 2
=− 2 + 3/2   + C1
x x 3
1 2
=− 2 + 3/2 + C1
x x
f ′ (1) = 1
1 2
1= − 2 + 3/2 + C1
1 1
1 =−1 + 2 + C1
0
∴ C1 =
21
1 6 4
− 2 + 5/2 + .
x 5x 5

1 2
f ′( x) =
− 2 + 3/2
x x
− x + 2 x −3/2
= −2
And integrating…
f ( x ) = ∫ f ′ ( x ) dx
=∫ ( − x −2 + 2 x −3/2 ) dx
x −1 2 x −1/2
=
− + + C2
−1 −1/ 2
 2
=x −1 + 2 x −1/2  −  C2
 1
1 4
=− + C2
x x
f (1) = −1
1 4
−1 = − + C2
1 1
=1 − 4 + C2
2
∴ C2 =
Therefore,
1 4
f ( x) = − +2
x x
1 4
4 4
ANSWER: D
22
f (=
x) ( 5 x + 1)
1/2
1/2
f ( 3) = 5 ( 3) + 1 = 4
1 5 5
f ′( x) = ( 5 x + 1) ( 5 x )′ = 1/2 =
−1/2
2 2 ( 5 x + 1) 2 5x + 1
5 5 5
′ ( 3)
f= = =
2 5 ( 3) + 1 2 ( 4 ) 8
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 3) + f ′ ( 3)( x − 3)
5
4
=+ ( x − 3)
8
5 x + 1 =15
5x + 1 = 15
5 x = 14
14
x=
5
 14  5  14 
L  = 4 +  − 3
 5 8 5 
5 1
=4 +  − 
8 5
1
= 4−
8
31
=
8
ANSWER: D
23
= u arctan
= x dv 1 dx
1
=du = dx v x
1 + x2
x
∫ arctan
1
dx
x  2

now it's time for
SUBSTITUTION
w= 1 + x2
dw
= 2x
dx
1
dx = dw
2x
x x 1
∫ 1+ x 2
dx = ∫
w 2x
dw
x 1
=∫ dw
w 2x
1 1
= ∫   dw
2w
1
= ln w + C
2
1
= ln 1 + x 2 + C
2

1
∫ arctan=
2
24
1
1  1 
∫0 arctan x=
 2 0
 1   1 2 
 2
π 1 
=  − ln 2  − ( 0 − 0 )
4 2 
π 1
= − ln 2
4 2
1
= (π − 2 ln 2 )
4
ANSWER: B

7. Related rates.

in the question:
x=6m
z z = 10 m
standing still)
dz/dt = -2.4 m/s (the distance is
x reducing)

25

2
z= x2 + y 2
2
y= z 2 − x2
=y z 2 − x2
= 102 − 62
= 64
= 8m
2
z= x2 + y 2
d 2 d 2
dt
=( z )
dt
( x + y2 )
dz dx dy
2=z 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
2z = 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
z= x + y
dt dt dt
dz dx
z −x
dy
= dt dt
dt y
m  m
(10 m )  −2.4  − (6 m)  0 
 s  s
=
8m
m
= −3
s
26
u= x + 1= x1/2 + 1
du 1 −1/2 1
= = x
dx 2 2 x
dx = 2 x du
x = 0→u = 0 +1 = 1
x = 1 → u = 1 +1 = 2

( )
1
∫
0
x +1
dx = ∫
1 u
something is
wrong… OR!!!!
u= x +1 → x = u −1
2 ( u − 1)
2
=∫ du
1 u
2  2u 2
= ∫  −  du
1
 u u
2 2
= ∫  2 −  du
1
 u
( 2u − 2 ln u )
2
=
1
=  2 ( 2 ) − 2 ln 2  −  2 (1) − 2 ln1
= ( 4 − 2 ln 2 ) − ( 2 − 0 )
= 2 − 2 ln 2
27
MAT 1320
Fall 2018
1. (3 points) Linear approximation.

a) First, let’s find the formula for the linear approximation of the function at a = 1. This is a
nice, easy number that is close to the desired value of x = 1.02. Yes, you are supposed to
know what arctan 1 is. Boooo.
f ( x ) = arctan x
π
f (1) arctan1
= =
4
1
f ′( x) =
1 + x2
1 1
′ (1) =
f= 2
1+1 2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f (1) + f ′ (1)( x − 1)
π 1
= + ( x − 1)
4 2
Note: It will actually be easier for us to do the next step if we leave this equation unexpanded.
b) Next, we will plug x = 1.02 into our linear approximation formula. Note that the problem
directly tells us to do this. We do not need to solve for what value of x we need to plug in,
like in some other linear approximation problems.
π 1 π 1 π
L (1.02 ) = + (1.02 − 1) = + ( 0.02 ) = + 0.01
4 2 4 2 4
2. (2 points) We are given H’(t) and asked to solve for the total H(t) in the given time
interval. Therefore, we need to integrate.
b 10 1 10  10 
∫ H ′ ( t ) dt = ∫ dt = ln t = ln10 − ln 2 = ln   = ln 5
a 2 t 2
 2
28
3. (2 points) Derivative of an integral. Don’t need to simplify? Music to my ears.

d  e3 x −1  e3 x − 1 ′ ln 1 + e3 x − 1 7 − e x − 1 ′ ln 1 + e x − 1 7
(
 ∫e x −1 ln (1 + t ) dt  =
dx 
7

) ( ) ( ) ( )
= 3e3 x ln ( e3 x ) − e x ln ( e x )
7 7
4. (2 points) INTEGRALSSSSS �
a. Substitution.
u= x + 5
du
=1
dt
du
=dt = du
1
∫ f ( x )=
dx ∫ ( x + 5 )
7
dx
= ∫ u du
7
u8
= +C
8
( x + 5)
8
= +C
8
( x + 5)
8
∴ F ( x )= +C
8
b. This is a “you need to memorize this one” type of integral.
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ sec
2
x dx
= tan x + C
∴ F ( x ) = tan x + C
29
5. (6 points) MOAR INTEGRALSSSSS �

a. By parts. I know it doesn’t look like it… but it is!
= u arctan
= s dv 1 ds
1
=du = ds v s
1 + s2
2 2 2 s
∫0
arctan
= s ds s arctan s 0 − ∫
0 + s2
1
ds
Substitution!
w= 1 + s2
dw
= 2s
ds
dw
ds =
2s
s =0 → w =1 + 02 =1
s =2 → w =1 + 22 =5
2 s dw
2 5
∫0
arctan
w 2s 1
2 5 s dw
= s arctan s 0 − ∫
1 w 2s
2 5 1
= s arctan s 0 − ∫ dw
1 2w
5
1 2
= s arctan s 0 − ln w
2 1
Now that we have integrated both terms on the right, we can sub in the bounds:
5
2 2 1
∫0 arctan
= s ds s arctan s 0 − ln w
2 1
1
= ( 2 arctan 2 − 0 arctan 0 ) − ( ln 5 − ln1)
2
1
= 2 arctan 2 − ln 5
2
30
b. Oooh substitution.
u=1+ x = 1 + x1/2
du 1 −1/2 1
= = x
dx 2 2 x
dx = 2 xdu
x =2 → u =1 + 2
x =3 → u =1 + 3
3 (
sin 1 + x ) dx = sin u
1+ 3
∫
2
x ∫
1+ 2
x
2 xdu
1+ 3 sin u
=∫ 2 x du
1+ 2
x
1+ 3
=∫ 2sin u du
1+ 2
1+ 3
= −2 cos u 1+ 2
(
−2 cos 1 + 3 −  −2 cos 1 + 2 
=
  ) ( )
(
= 2 cos 1 + 2 − 2 cos 1 + 3 ) ( )
31
c. By parts and substitution. Oh no. Please no.
w = t2
dw
= 2t
dt
dw
dt =
2t
t =1 → w =12 =1
t = 2 → w = 22 = 4
2t 3et dt = ∫ 2t ( t 2 ) et dt
2 4
∫
2 2
1 1
4 dw
= ∫ 2twe w
1 2t
4 dw
=∫ 2t we w
1 2t
4
= ∫ we w dw
1
= u w= dv e w dw
=du 1=
dw v ew
4 4 4
∫ dw we w − ∫ e w dw
w
we=
1 1 1
w 4 4
= we − ew
1 1
4 4 4
∫
w
we= dw we w − e w
1 1 1
= ( 4e 4
− 1e1 ) − ( e 4 − e1 )
= 3e 4
32
6. (2 points) Another one! This time, it’s partial fractions. Watch out for the repeated root.
1 A B C
= + 2+
x ( x − 1) x x
2
x −1
1 A 2 B C 2
x2 ( x =
− 1) x ( x − 1) + 2 x 2 ( x − 1) + x ( x − 1)
x ( x − 1)
2
x x x −1
1 Ax ( x − 1) + B ( x − 1) + Cx 2
=
= A ( x 2 − x ) + B ( x − 1) + C ( x 2 )
= x 2 ( A + C ) + x ( − A + B ) + 1( − B )
x2 : A + C =0
x : −A+ B = 0
1: − B = 1
B = −1
A = −1
C =1
Then, we can rewrite the integral and solve:

1 1 1 1
∫ x ( x − 1) dx = ∫ − x dx + ∫ − x
2 2
dx + ∫
x −1
dx
1
=− ln x + + ln x − 1 + C
x
33
7. (5 points) And trig sub. Oh nooooo.

a. First, complete the square inside the brackets in the denominator.
x 2 − 2 x + 10 = ( x − 1) + 9
2
Now follow this witchcraft…
Because the final answer has a 34 term in the denominator, I recognize that a
3something has to get factored out somewhere. So, I notice that 9 = 32. Perhaps we
should try to factor that out somehow…
( x − 1) + 9 = ( x − 1) + 32
2 2
 ( x − 1)2 32  2
= 3  2
+ 2
 3 3 
2 ( x − 1)
 2

= 3  2
+ 1
 3 

2  x −1 
2

= 3   + 1 
 3  
OK this is stupid… but, let’s keep going.
Based on trig sub stuff, we sort of have something of the form x 2 + a 2 , which is
indicative of a tan substitution.
 x −1 
In this case, we need to sub in   = tan θ ,=
or x 3 tan θ + 1 , and
 3 
dx
= 3sec 2 θ dθ .
dθ
Subbing all of this into the integral, we get
34
1 1
∫ dx = ∫ dx
( x − 2 x + 10 )
5/2 5/2
2

 2  x − 1 
2
 
3   + 1 
  3   
1
=∫ 3sec 2 θ dθ
32 ( tan 2 θ + 1) 
5/2
 
Trig identity: tan θ + 1 =
2
sec θ
2
1
=∫ 3sec 2 θ dθ
3 ( sec θ ) 
5/2
2 2
 
3sec θ
2
= ∫ 5 5 dθ
3 sec θ
1
= ∫ 4 3 dθ
3 sec θ
1
= 4 ∫ cos3 θ dθ
3
Well that was the ugliest thing I’ve ever seen.
35
b. This is now a trig integral.

1 1
4 ∫
cos3 θ dθ = 4 ∫ cos θ cos 2 θ dθ
3 3
1
= 4 ∫ cos θ (1 − sin 2 θ ) dθ
3
 
1
= 4  ∫ cos θ dθ − ∫ cos θ sin 2 θ dθ 
3   
 substitution 
u = sin θ
du
= cos θ
dθ
du
dθ =
cos θ
1  du 
= 4 ∫
cos θ dθ − ∫ cos θ ( u 2 )
3  cos θ 
1  du 
= 4  ∫ cos θ dθ − ∫ cos θ ( u 2 ) 
3  cos θ 
1 
= 4 ∫
cos θ dθ − ∫ u 2 du 
3
1 u3 
= 4  sin θ −  + C
3  3
1 sin 3 θ 
=  sin θ − +C
34  3 
36
c. Now we need to rewrite the answer in terms of the original variable.
opposite x − 1
Based on our trig substitution
= tan θ = , we can draw a triangle:
adjacent 3
y
x-1
θ
3
Note that y is an unknown value. We can solve for y using the Pythagorean theorem:
( x − 1)
2
+ 32 =
y2
( x − 1)
2
y= + 32
Wow.
Based on our triangle, we can figure out a formula for
opposite x −1 x −1
sin
= θ = = .
hypotenuse y ( x − 1) + 32
2
Plugging all of this back into our integral, we get the final answer
   
3
1 1  x −1 1 x −1 
∫ x 2 − 2 x + 10 5/2 dx =34  −    +C
( )  ( x − 1) + 32 3  ( x − 1) + 32  

2 2
37
MAT 1320
Fall 2018

f ( x ) = arctan x
π
f (1) arctan1
= =
4
1
f ′( x) =
1 + x2
1 1
′ (1) =
f= 2
1+1 2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f (1) + f ′ (1)( x − 1)
π 1
= + ( x − 1)
4 2
π 1 π 1 π
L (1.01) = + (1.01 − 1) = + ( 0.01) = + 0.005
4 2 4 2 4
10
1 t1/2
( )
b 10 10 10
∫ H ′ ( t ) dt = ∫ dt = ∫ t −1/2
dt = = 2 t = 2 10 − 2 2 = 2 10 − 2
a 2
t 2 1/ 2 2 2
38

d  e2 x −1  e 2 x − 1 ′ ln 1 + e 2 x − 1 7 − e x − 1 ′ ln 1 + e x − 1 7
(
 ∫e x −1 ln (1 + t ) dt  =
dx 
7

) ( ) ( ) ( )
= 2e 2 x ln ( e 2 x ) − e x ln ( e x )
7 7
a. Substitution.
u= x + 4
du
=1
dt
du
=dt = du
1
∫ f ( x )=
dx ∫ ( x + 4 )
6
dx
= ∫ u du
6
u7
= +C
7
( x + 4)
7
= +C
7
( x + 4)
7
∴ F ( x=
) +C
7
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ sec x tan x dx
= sec x + C
∴ F ( x ) =sec x + C
39

= u arctan
= s dv 1 ds
1
=du = ds v s
1 + s2
1 1 1 s
∫ arctan
0
0 + s2
1
ds
Substitution!
w= 1 + s2
dw
= 2s
ds
dw
ds =
2s
s =0 → w =1 + 02 =1
s =1 → w =1 + 12 =2
1 s dw 1 2
∫ arctan
0
w 2s 1
1 2 s dw
1 w 2s
1 2 1
1 2w
2
1 1
2 1
2
1 1 1
∫0 arctan
2 1
1
= (1arctan1 − 0 arctan 0 ) − ( ln 2 − ln1)
2
π ln 2
= −
4 2
40
u=1+ x = 1 + x1/2
du 1 −1/2 1
= = x
dx 2 2 x
dx = 2 xdu
x =2 → u =1 + 2
x =3 → u =1 + 3
3 (
sin 1 + x ) dx = sin u
1+ 3
∫
2
x ∫
1+ 2
x
2 xdu
1+ 3 sin u
=∫ 2 x du
1+ 2
x
1+ 3
=∫ 2sin u du
1+ 2
1+ 3
= −2 cos u 1+ 2
(
−2 cos 1 + 3 −  −2 cos 1 + 2 
=
  ) ( )
(
= 2 cos 1 + 2 − 2 cos 1 + 3 ) ( )
41
w = t2
dw
= 2t
dt
dw
dt =
2t
t =1 → w =12 =1
t =3 → w =32 =9
2t 3et dt = ∫ 2t ( t 2 ) et dt
3 9
∫
2 2
1 1
9 dw
= ∫ 2twe w
1 2t
9 dw
=∫ 2t we w
1 2t
9
= ∫ we w dw
1
= u w= dv e w dw
=du 1=
dw v ew
9 9 9
∫ dw we w − ∫ e w dw
w
we=
1 1 1
w 9 9
= we − ew
1 1
9 9 9
∫
w
we= dw we w − e w
1 1 1
= ( 9e 9
− 1e ) − ( e9 − e1 )
1
= 8e9
42
1 A B C
= + 2+
x ( x − 1) x x
2
x −1
1 A 2 B C 2
x2 ( x =
− 1) x ( x − 1) + 2 x 2 ( x − 1) + x ( x − 1)
x ( x − 1)
2
x x x −1
1 Ax ( x − 1) + B ( x − 1) + Cx 2
=
= A ( x 2 − x ) + B ( x − 1) + C ( x 2 )
= x 2 ( A + C ) + x ( − A + B ) + 1( − B )
x2 : A + C =0
x : −A+ B = 0
1: − B = 1
B = −1
A = −1
C =1

1 1 1 1
∫ x ( x − 1) dx = ∫ − x dx + ∫ − x
2 2
dx + ∫
x −1
dx
1
=− ln x + + ln x − 1 + C
x
43

( x − 2)
2
x2 − 4 x + 8 = +4
Now follow this bs…
( x − 2) + 4 =( x − 2 ) + 22
2 2
 ( x − 2 )2 22 
2
= 2  2
+ 2
 2 2 
2 ( x − 2)
 2

= 2  2
+ 1
 2 
 x − 2  2  2
= 2   + 1
 2  
 x−2
In this case, we need to sub in  , or x 2 tan ϕ + 2 , and
 = tan ϕ =
 2 
dx
= 2sec 2 ϕ dϕ .
dϕ
44
1 1
∫ dx = ∫ dx
( x − 4 x + 8)
5/2 5/2
2

 2  x − 2 
2
 
 2   + 1 
  2   
1
=∫ 2sec 2 ϕ dϕ
 22 ( tan 2 ϕ + 1) 
5/2
 
Trig identity: tan 2 ϕ + 1 = sec 2 ϕ
1
=∫ 2sec 2 ϕ dϕ
 2 ( sec ϕ ) 
5/2
2 2
 
2sec 2 ϕ
=∫ dϕ
25 sec5 ϕ
1
= ∫ 4 3 dϕ
2 sec ϕ
1
= 4 ∫ cos3 ϕ dϕ
2
Uh huh… lovely…
45

1 1
4 ∫
cos3 ϕ dϕ = 4 ∫ cos ϕ cos 2 ϕ dϕ
2 2
1
= 4 ∫ cos ϕ (1 − sin 2 ϕ ) dϕ
2
 
1
= 4  ∫ cos ϕ dϕ − ∫ cos ϕ sin 2 ϕ dϕ 
2   
u = sin ϕ
du
= cos ϕ
dϕ
du
dϕ =
cos ϕ
1  du 
= 4 ∫
cos ϕ dϕ − ∫ cos ϕ ( u 2 )
2  cos ϕ 
1  du 
= 4  ∫ cos ϕ dϕ − ∫ cos ϕ ( u 2 ) 
2  cos ϕ 
1
= 4  ∫ cos ϕ dϕ − ∫ u 2 du 
2
1  u3 
= 4  sin ϕ −  + C
2  3
1  sin 3 ϕ 
=  sin ϕ − +C
24  3 
46
opposite x − 2
= tan ϕ = , we can draw a triangle:
adjacent 2
y
x-2
θ
2
( x − 2)
2
+ 22 =
y2
( x − 2)
2
y= + 22
Wow.
opposite x−2 x−2
sin
= θ = = .
hypotenuse y ( x − 2 )
2
+ 2 2
   
3
1 1  x−2 1 x−2   + C
∫ x 2 − 4 x + 8 5/2 dx =24  − 
( )  ( x − 2 ) + 22 3  ( x − 2 ) + 22  

2 2
47
MAT 1320
Fall 2018

f ( x ) = arctan x
π
f (1) arctan1
= =
4
1
f ′( x) =
1 + x2
1 1
′ (1) =
f= 2
1+1 2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f (1) + f ′ (1)( x − 1)
π 1
= + ( x − 1)
4 2
π 1 π 1 π
L (1.03) = + (1.03 − 1) = + ( 0.03) = + 0.015
4 2 4 2 4
48
b 10 1
∫ H ′ ( t ) dt = ∫ dt
a 2 t3
10
= ∫ t −3 dt
2
10
t −2
=
−2 2
10
1
= − 2
2t 2
1 1
=
− +
2 (10 ) 2 ( 2 )
2 2
1 1
= − +
200 8
1 1  25 
= − +  
200 8  25 
1 25
= − +
200 200
24
=
200
3
=
25

d  e4 x −1  e 4 x − 1 ′ ln 1 + e 4 x − 1 7 − e x − 1 ′ ln 1 + e x − 1 7
(
 ∫e x −1 ln (1 + t ) dt  =
dx 
7

) ( ) ( ) ( )
= 4e 4 x ln ( e 4 x ) − e x ln ( e x )
7 7
49
a. Substitution.
u= x + 6
du
=1
dt
du
=dt = du
1
∫ f ( x )=
dx ∫ ( x + 6 )
5
dx
= ∫ u du
5
u6
= +C
6
( x + 6)
6
= +C
6
( x + 6)
6
∴ F ( x=
) +C
6
∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ sec x tan x dx
= sec x + C
∴ F ( x ) =sec x + C
50

= u arctan
= s dv 1 ds
1
=du = ds v s
1 + s2
3 3 3 s
∫0
arctan
0 + s2
1
ds
Substitution!
w= 1 + s2
dw
= 2s
ds
dw
ds =
2s
s =0 → w =1 + 02 =1
s =3 → w =1 + 32 =10
3 s dw
3 10
∫0
arctan
w 2s 1
3 10 s dw
1 w 2s
3 10 1
1 2w
10
1 3
2 1
10
3 3 1
∫0 arctan
2 1
1
= ( 3arctan 3 − 0 arctan 0 ) − ( ln10 − ln1)
2
1
= 3arctan 3 − ln10
2
51
u=1+ x = 1 + x1/2
du 1 −1/2 1
= = x
dx 2 2 x
dx = 2 xdu
x =1 → u =1 + 1 =2
x =2 → u =1 + 2
2 (
sin 1 + x ) dx = 1+ 2 sin u
∫
1
x ∫
2
x
2 xdu
1+ 2 sin u
=∫ 2 x du
2
x
1+ 2
=∫ 2sin u du
2
1+ 2
= −2 cos u 2
()
=−2 cos 1 + 2 −  −2 cos ( 2 ) 
= 2 cos 2 − 2 cos (1 + 2 )
52
w = t2
dw
= 2t
dt
dw
dt =
2t
t =1 → w =12 =1
t = 4 → w = 42 =16
2t 3et dt = ∫ 2t ( t 2 ) et dt
4 16
∫
2 2
1 1
16 dw
= ∫ 2twe w
1 2t
16 dw
=∫ 2t we w
1 2t
16
= ∫ we w dw
1
= u w= dv e w dw
=du 1=
dw v ew
16 16 16
∫ − ∫ e w dw
w
we= dw we w
1 1 1
w 16 16
= we − ew
1 1
16 16 16
∫
w
we= dw we w − ew
1 1 1
= (16e 16
− 1e ) − ( e16 − e1 )
1
= 15e16
53
1 A B C
= + 2+
x ( x − 1) x x
2
x −1
1 A 2 B C 2
x2 ( x =
− 1) x ( x − 1) + 2 x 2 ( x − 1) + x ( x − 1)
x ( x − 1)
2
x x x −1
1 Ax ( x − 1) + B ( x − 1) + Cx 2
=
= A ( x 2 − x ) + B ( x − 1) + C ( x 2 )
= x 2 ( A + C ) + x ( − A + B ) + 1( − B )
x2 : A + C =0
x : −A+ B = 0
1: − B = 1
B = −1
A = −1
C =1

1 1 1 1
∫ x ( x − 1) dx = ∫ − x dx + ∫ − x
2 2
dx + ∫
x −1
dx
1
=− ln x + + ln x − 1 + C
x
54

x 2 − 6 x + 13 = ( x − 3) + 4
2
Now follow this …. Math?
( x − 3) + 4 =( x − 3) + 22
2 2
 ( x − 3)2 22  2
= 2  2
+ 2
 2 2 
2 ( x − 3)
 2

= 2  2
+ 1
 2 
 x − 3  2  2
= 2   + 1
 2  
 x −3
In this case, we need to sub in  , or x 2 tan ϕ + 3 , and
 = tan ϕ =
 2 
dx
= 2sec 2 ϕ dϕ .
dϕ
55
1 1
∫ dx = ∫ dx
(x − 6 x + 13)
5/2 5/2
2
 2  x − 3 2  
 2   + 1 
  2   
1
=∫ 2sec 2 ϕ dϕ
 2 ( tan ϕ + 1) 
5/2
2 2
 
Trig identity: tan 2 ϕ + 1 = sec 2 ϕ
1
=∫ 2sec 2 ϕ dϕ
 22 ( sec 2 ϕ ) 
5/2
 
2sec ϕ 2
= ∫ 5 5 dϕ
2 sec ϕ
1
= ∫ 4 3 dϕ
2 sec ϕ
1
= 4 ∫ cos3 ϕ dϕ
2
Uh huh… lovely…
56
1 1
4 ∫
cos3 ϕ dϕ = 4 ∫ cos ϕ cos 2 ϕ dϕ
2 2
1
= 4 ∫ cos ϕ (1 − sin 2 ϕ ) dϕ
2
 
1 
= 4 ∫ cos ϕ dϕ − ∫ cos ϕ sin ϕ dϕ  2
2   
u = sin ϕ
du
= cos ϕ
dϕ
du
dϕ =
cos ϕ
1  du 
= 4 ∫
cos ϕ dϕ − ∫ cos ϕ ( u 2 )
2  cos ϕ 
1  du 
= 4  ∫ cos ϕ dϕ − ∫ cos ϕ ( u 2 ) 
2  cos ϕ 
1 
cos ϕ dϕ − ∫ u 2 du 
24  ∫
=
1  u3 
= 4  sin ϕ −  + C
2  3
1  sin 3 ϕ 
=  sin ϕ − +C
24  3 
57
opposite x − 3
= tan ϕ = , we can draw a triangle:
adjacent 2
y
x-3
θ
2
( x − 3)
2
+ 22 =
y2
( x − 3)
2
y= + 22
Wow.
opposite x −3 x −3
sin
= θ = = .
hypotenuse y ( )
x − 3
2
+ 2 2
   
3
1 1  x−3 1 x−3   + C
∫ x 2 − 6 x + 13 5/2 dx =24  − 
( )  ( x − 3) + 22 3  ( x − 3) + 22  

2 2
58
MAT 1320
Fall 2017

First, let’s find the formula for the linear approximation of the function at a = 1.
(x + 3)
1/2
f ( x )= x 2 + 3= 2
f (1)= 12 + 3= 4= 2
1 2 1 2
( x + 3) ( x 2 + 3)′= ( x + 3) ( 2 x )= x ( x 2 + 3)
−1/2 −1/2 −1/2
f ′ ( x )=
2 2
1
f ′ (1) =(1) (12 + 3) =4−0.5 =
−1/2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f (1) + f ′ (1)( x − 1)
1
2+
= ( x − 1)
2
Next, we will plug x = 1.02 into our linear approximation formula. Note that the problem
directly tells us to do this. We do not need to solve for what value of x we need to plug in, like in
some other linear approximation problems.
1 1
L (1.02 ) = 2 + (1.02 − 1) =2 + ( 0.02 ) =2 + 0.01 =2.01
2 2
59
2. (2 points) Riemann-mann-mann.
First, let’s determine the step size. Since the question states we are to do right-hand heights (R4),
we will use 4 steps to get from x = 1 to x = 3. Then,
b − a 3 −1 1
∆x = = = = 0.5
n 4 2
0 1 2 3 4 i
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 x
f(1.5) f(2) f(2.5) f(3)
f (1.5 ) = e −1.5
f ( 2 ) = e −2
f ( 2.5 ) = e −2.5
f ( 3) = e −3
n 4
∑ f (=
*
i x ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
=i 1 =i 1
*
i
R4= (e −1.5
+ e −2 + e −2.5 + e −3 ) ( 0.5 )
60
3. (2 points) Integral. But whyyyy? Recall from physics (ewww…) that

displacement
velocity = . So, we go backwards to get displacement from velocity. Since
∆time
velocity is a function of time, we need to integrate.
3
displacement = ∫ v ( t ) dt
1
3
= ∫ ( 2t − 3) dt
1
(t − 3t )
3
2
=
1
= ( 3) − 3 ( 3)  − (1) − 3 (1) 
2 2
   
= ( 9 − 9 ) − (1 − 3)
=2
4. (2 points) Derivative of an integral.
cos t dt )
(∫ =
d
( x )′ cos x − ( x 2 )′ cos ( x 2 )
x
dx x2
= cos x − 2 x cos ( x 2 )
61
5. (9 points) INTEGRALSSSSS ��

a. Substitution.
u= 2t + 1
du
=2
dt
du
dt =
2
2 du
∫
1
e 2t +1 dt = ∫ eu
2
1
= eu
2
2
1
= e 2t +1
2 1
1 2( 2)+1 1 2(1)+1
= e − e
2 2
1 5 1 3
= e − e
2 2
1 5 3
=
2
(e − e )
62
b. Substitution. But sneakier…
u x2 + 1
=
du
= 2x
dx
du
dx =
2x
x = 0 → u = 02 + 1 = 1
x = 1 → u = 12 + 1 = 2
Still have x’s after u

1 x3 2 x3 du substitution…
∫ dx = ∫
(x + 1)
12
0 2 1 u12 2 x something is
wrong… OR!!!!
2 x2
=∫ du
1 2u12
u = x2 + 1 → x2 = u −1
u −1 2
du =∫
1 2u12
1 2 u 1 
= ∫
2 u
1  12 − 12  du
u 
1 2 1 1 
= ∫
2 u
1  11 − 12  du
u 
1 2 −11 −12
=
2 ∫1
( u − u ) du
2
1  u −10 u −11 
=  − 
2  −10 −11  1
2
1 1 1 
= − 10
+ 
2  10u 11u11  1
1 1 1  1 1 1 
= − +  −  − + 
2  10 ( 210 ) 11( 211 )  2  10 (110 ) 11(111 ) 
   
11 1 1 1 
=  − + − 
2 10 11 11( 211 ) 10 ( 210 ) 
 
63
c. Substitution. I’m sensing a pattern.
( 3x + 1)
1/2
u= 3 x + 1=
du 1 1 3
( 3x + 1) ( 3x + 1)=′ ( 3x + 1) ( 3=)
−1/2 −1/2
=
dx 2 2 2 3x + 1
du 2 3x + 1
=dx = du
3 3
2 3x + 1
x = 1 → u = 3 (1) + 1 = 4 = 2
x = 2→u = 3( 2) + 1 = 7
2 sin ( 3x + 1 ) dx = 7 sin u 2 3 x + 1
∫
1
3x + 1
∫
2
3x + 1 3
du
7 sin u 2 3x + 1
=∫ du
2
3x + 1 3
7 2sin u
=∫ du
2 3
7
2
= − cos u
3 2
2  2
3  3

=− cos 7 −  − cos ( 2 ) 

( )
2
=
3
cos ( 2 ) − cos 7 
 ( )
64
6. (6 points) MOAR INTEGRALSSSSS ��

a. By parts. Yarrrr.
= ( x3 )
u ln= dv x dx
3x 2 3 1 2
=du = 3
dx dx
= v x
x x 2
1 2  1  3 
ln ( x ) dx
∫ x= x ln ( x 3 ) − ∫  x 2    dx
3
2  2  x 
1 2 3
= x ln ( x 3 ) − ∫ x dx
2 2
1 2 3
= x ln ( x 3 ) − x 2 + C
2 4
b. By parts again. This one loops.
= u e=−x
dv sin ( 2 x ) dx
1
−e − x dx v =
du = − cos ( 2 x )
2
e− x e− x
∫ e −x
sin ( 2 x ) dx =
− cos ( 2 x ) − ∫  cos ( 2 x ) dx
2 2  
by parts again
e− x
=u = dv cos ( 2 x ) dx
2
−e − x 1
=du = dx v sin ( 2 x )
2 2
e− x e− x e− x
( 2 x ) dx
∫ 2 cos= sin ( 2 x ) − ∫ − sin ( 2 x ) dx
4 4
e− x e− x
= sin ( 2 x ) + ∫ sin ( 2 x ) dx
4 4
65
Put it all together...
e− x  e− x e− x 
∫ e sin ( 2 x ) dx = cos ( 2 x ) −  sin ( 2 x ) + ∫ sin ( 2 x ) dx 
−x
−
2  4 4 
∫ 2
e −x
sin ( 2 x ) dx =
− cos ( 2 x ) − sin ( 2 x ) − ∫ sin ( 2 x ) dx
4 4 
same stuff in integral same stuff in integral
−x −x −x
e e e
∫e
−x
sin ( 2 x ) dx + ∫ sin ( 2 x ) dx = − cos ( 2 x ) − sin ( 2 x )
4 2 4
5 e− x e− x e− x
( ) ( ) sin ( 2 x )
4∫ 4
sin 2 x dx = − cos 2 x −
2 4
e− x e− x
−x − cos ( 2 x ) − sin ( 2 x )
e 2 4
∫ 4 sin ( 2 x ) dx =
5/ 4
2e −x
e− x
= − cos ( 2 x ) − sin ( 2 x ) + C
5 5
66
7. (6 points) EVEEEEN MOOOOAAAAR INTEGRALSSSSSS ��

a. Trig sub
First, we need to get the function under the square root in the denominator to be in the form
x 2 − a 2 . To do this, I will factor out a “4” from each term. I choose “4” because it is a perfect
square, and can subsequently be removed from the square root.
 1
4 x 2=
−1 4  x2 − 
 4
1
= 2 x2 −
4
The function under the square root is now in the form x 2 − a 2 . Therefore, we can do trig sub of
1
the following form to assist us in this integral:
= sec θ
x a= sec θ . We also need to sub out the
2
dx term. We can figure this out by taking the derivative of our x substitution:
dx 1
= tan θ sec θ
dθ 2
1
dx = tan θ sec θ dθ
2
Subbing both in, our integral becomes
1
tan θ sec θ dθ
dx 2
∫ 1
=∫
2 2
x ( 2)
2
x − 2 1  1  1
4  sec θ  ( 2 )  sec θ  −
2  2  4
1
tan θ sec θ dθ
=∫ 4 dθ
1 2  1 2 1
 sec θ  sec θ −
4  4 4
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1 2 1
sec θ sec θ −
4 4
67
Trig Identity: 1 + tan 2 θ =

sec 2 θ
sec 2 θ − 1 =tan 2 θ
1 2 1 1
sec θ − =tan 2 θ
4 4 4
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1
sec θ tan θ
2
4
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1 
sec θ  tan θ 
2 
tan θ
= ∫2 dθ
sec θ tan θ
2
=∫ dθ
sec θ
= ∫ 2 cos θ dθ
= 2sin θ + C
Now we need to rewrite the answer in terms of the original variable.
1 1 x 2 x hypotenuse
θ
Based on our original substitution x = sec θ , or sec= = = = , we
2 cos θ 1/ 2 1 adjacent
can draw a triangle:
2x
y
θ
1
( 2x)
2
12 + y 2 =
y 2 4x2 −1
=
=y 4x2 −1
Cool.
68
opposite y 4 x2 −1
θ
Based on our triangle, we can figure out a formula for sin= = = .
hypotenuse 2 x 2x
Plugging all of this back into our integral, we get
2 4x2 −1 4x2 −1
2sin θ=
+C = +C +C
2x x
Blerg.
b. TRIG SUB. (Somehow).
Can’t factor the quadratic.

Complete the… OH COME ON.
Complete the square?!
�
By the way… this is the worst trig sub question I’ve ever seen.
2 x 2 + 4 x + 10= 2 ( x 2 + 2 x + 5 )
= 2 ( x + 1) + 4 
2
 
Recall that this term is underneath a square root. So, we eventually want to do a trig sub. We
want something that resembles x 2 + a 2 inside the square brackets, but it isn’t quite there yet.
Let’s reintroduce the entire integral:
dx 1
∫ 2 x 2 + 4 x + 10
=∫ dx
2 ( x + 1) + 4 
2
 
First, I will do a u-substitution for the term in the parentheses. This will “simplify” things a bit,
and allow us to see where our trig sub goes.
u= x + 1
du
=1
dx
dx = du
1 1
∫ dx = ∫
2 (u 2 + 4)
du
2 ( x + 1) + 4 
2
 
69
Now we have the term in the square root in the correct form. We will do the trig sub u = 2 tan θ .
du
Then, = 2sec 2 θ , so du = 2sec 2 θ dθ . Subbing this all in, we get
dθ
1 1
∫ 2 (u + 4)
du = ∫ 2sec 2 θ dθ
2 ( 2 tan θ ) + 4 
2 2
 
2sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
2 ( 4 tan 2 θ + 4 )

sec 2 θ
4 + 4 tan 2 θ =
4sec 2 θ
2sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
2 ( 4sec 2 θ )
2sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
2 ( 2 ) sec θ
sec θ
=∫ dθ
2
1
= ln sec θ + tan θ + C
2

u opposite
Based on our trig substitution u = 2 tan θ , or tan θ= = , we can draw a triangle:
2 adjacent
y
u
θ
2
70
u 2 + 22 =
y2
2
y= u2 + 4
=y u2 + 4
Cool.
1 hypotenuse y u2 + 4
Based on our triangle, we can figure out a formula for sec θ= = = = .
cos θ adjacent 2 2
1 1 u2 + 4 u
ln sec θ +=
tan θ + C ln + +C
2 2 2 2
Finally, we need to write this answer in terms of our original variable x. Recall that u= x + 1 . So,
( x + 1)
2
1 u2 + 4 u 1 +4 x +1
ln = + +C ln + +C
2 2 2 2 2 2
71
MAT 1320
Fall 2017

(x + 8)
1/2
f ( x )= x2 + 8= 2
f (1)= 12 + 8 = 9= 3
1 2 1 2
( x + 8 ) ( x 2 + 8 )′= ( x + 8 ) ( 2 x )= x ( x 2 + 8 )
−1/2 −1/2 −1/2
f ′ ( x )=
2 2
1
f ′ (1) =(1) (12 + 8 ) =9−0.5 =
−1/2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f (1) + f ′ (1)( x − 1)
1
3+
= ( x − 1)
3
1 1
L (1.03) =3 + (1.03 − 1) =3 + ( 0.03) =3 + 0.01 =3.01
3 3
72
2. (2 points) Riemann sum!

b−a 2−0 1
∆x = = = = 0.5
n 4 2
0 1 2 3 4 i
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x
f(0.5) f(1) f(1.5) f(2)
f (=
0.5 ) e=
( )
2 0.5
e1
(1) e=
f= () 21
e2
f (=
1.5 ) e=
( )
2 1.5
e3
f (=
2 ) e=
( )
2 2
e4
n 4
∑ f (=
*
i x ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
=i 1 =i 1
*
i
R4 = ( e1 + e 2 + e3 + e 4 ) ( 0.5 )
73
displacement
3. (2 points) Recall from physics (-_-) that velocity = . So, we go backwards
∆time
to get displacement from velocity. Since velocity is a function of time, we need to
integrate.
2
1
2
= ∫ ( 3t − 4 ) dt
1
2
 3t 2 
=  − 4t 
 2 1
3 2  3 2 
=  ( 2 ) − 4 ( 2 )  −  (1) − 4 (1) 
2  2 
3 
= ( 6 − 8) −  − 4 
2 
1
=
2

d  x2
=∫ sin t dt  ( x )′ sin ( x ) − ( x )′ sin x
2 2
dx  x

= 2 x sin ( x 2 ) − sin x
74
a. Substitution!
u= 3t + 1
du
=3
dt
du
dt =
3
t = 1 → u = 3 (1) + 1 = 4
t = 2 → u = 3( 2) + 1 = 7
2 7 du
∫
1
e3t +1 dt = ∫ eu
4 3
7 1 u
=∫ e du
4 3
7
1
= eu
3 4
1 7 4
=
3
(e − e )
75
b. Again! Substitution!
u= x3 + 1
du
= 3x 2
dx
du
dx = 2
3x
x = 0 → u = 03 + 1 = 1
x = 1 → u = 13 + 1 = 2
Still have x’s after u substitution…
something is wrong… or we can
1 x5 2 x5 du do a little trick….
∫ dx = ∫
(x + 1)
11
0 3 1 u11 3 x 2
2 x3
=∫ du
1 3u11
u = x3 + 1 → x3 = u − 1
u −1 2
du =∫
1 3u11
1 2 u 1 
= ∫
3 u
1  11 − 11  du
u 
1 2 1 1 
= ∫ 
3 1 u 10
− 11  du
u 
1 2 −10
=
3 ∫1
( u − u −11 ) du
2
1  u −9 u −10 
=  − 
3  −9 −10  1
2
1 1 1 
= − 9 + 
3  9u 10u10  1
1 1 1  1 1 1 
= − +  −  − + 
3  9 ( 29 ) 10 ( 210 )  3  9 (19 ) 10 (110 ) 
   
1 1 1 1 1 
=  − + − 
3  9 10 10 ( 210 ) 9 ( 29 ) 
 
76
c. SUBSTITUTION!!!!
( 2 x − 1)
1/2
u= 2 x − 1=
du 1 1 2 1
( 2 x − 1) ( 2 x − 1)=′ ( 2 x − 1) ( 2=)
−1/2 −1/2
= =
dx 2 2 2 2x −1 2x −1
du
dx
= = 2 x − 1 du
1
2x −1
x = 1 → u = 2 (1) − 1 = 1 = 1
x = 2→u = 2 ( 2) −1 = 3
2 (
cos 2 x − 1 ) 3 cos u
∫
1
=
2x −1
dx ∫1
2x −1
2 x − 1 du
3 cos u
=∫ 2 x − 1 du
1
2x −1
3
= ∫ cos u du
1
3
= sin u 1
= sin ( 3 ) − sin (1)

a. By parts.
= ( x2 )
u ln= dv x 3 dx
2x 2 1 4
du
= = 2
dx dx=v x
x x 4
1 4  2  1 
ln ( x ) dx
∫x=
3
x ln ( x 2 ) − ∫    x 4  dx
2
4  x  4 
1 4 1
= x ln ( x 2 ) − ∫ x 3 dx
4 2
1 4 1
= x ln ( x 2 ) − x 4 + C
4 8
77
b. Integration by parts twice. This one loops.
= u e=−x
dv sin ( 3 x ) dx
1
−e − x dx v =
du = − cos ( 3 x )
3
e− x e− x
∫ e −x
sin ( 3 x ) dx =
− cos ( 3 x ) − ∫  cos ( 3 x ) dx
3 3  
by parts again
e− x
=u
= dv cos ( 3 x ) dx
3
−e − x 1
=du = dx v sin ( 3 x )
3 3
( 3x ) dx
∫ 3 cos= sin ( 3 x ) − ∫ − sin ( 3x ) dx
9 9
e− x e− x
= sin ( 3 x ) + ∫ sin ( 3 x ) dx
9 9
e− x  e− x e− x 
∫ e −x
sin ( 3 x ) dx =
− cos ( 3 x ) −  sin ( 3 x ) + ∫ sin ( 3 x ) dx 
3  9 9 
−x −x −x
e e e
e − x sin ( 3 x ) dx =
∫ − cos ( 3 x ) − sin ( 3 x ) − ∫ sin ( 3 x ) dx
 3 9 9 
same stuff in integral
same stuff in integral
−x −x −x
e e e
∫e
−x
sin ( 3x ) dx + ∫ sin ( 3x ) dx =− cos ( 3 x ) − sin ( 3 x )
9 3 9
10 − x e− x e− x
( ) ( ) sin ( 3 x )
9 ∫
e sin 3 x dx =
− cos 3 x −
3 9
e− x e− x
− cos ( 3 x ) − sin ( 3 x )
3 9
∫ e sin ( 3x ) dx =
−x
10 / 9
3e −x
e− x
=
− cos ( 3 x ) − sin ( 3 x ) + C
10 10
78
7. (6 points) EVEEEEN MOOOOAAAAR INTEGRALSSSSSS �

a. Trig sub.
 1
9 x 2=
−1 9  x2 − 
 9
1
= 3 x2 −
9
1
= sec θ
3
dx 1
= tan θ sec θ
dθ 3
1
3
1
tan θ sec θ dθ
dx 3
∫ 1
=∫
2 2
x ( 3)
2
x − 2 1  1  1
9  sec θ  ( 3)  sec θ  −
3  3  9
1
tan θ sec θ dθ
=∫ 9 dθ
1 2  1 2 1
 sec θ  sec θ −
9  9 9
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1 2 1
sec θ sec θ −
9 9
79

sec 2 θ
1 2 1 1
sec θ − =tan 2 θ
9 9 9
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1 2
sec θ tan θ
9
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1 
3 
tan θ
= ∫3 dθ
sec θ tan θ
3
=∫ dθ
sec θ
= ∫ 3cos θ dθ
= 3sin θ + C
θ
Based on our original substitution x = sec θ , or sec= = = = , we can
draw a triangle:
3x
y
θ
1
( 3x )
2
12 + y 2 =
y 2 9x2 −1
=
=y 9x2 −1
Cool.
80
opposite y 9x2 −1
θ
hypotenuse 3 x 3x
3 9 x2 −1 9 x2 −1
3sin θ=
+C = +C +C
3x x
Blerg.
b. Trig sub agaaaain.
Complete the square. �
2 x 2 + 4 x + 20= 2 ( x 2 + 2 x + 10 )
= 2 ( x + 1) + 9 
2
 
dx 1
∫ 2
2 x + 4 x + 20
=∫ dx
2 ( x + 1) + 9 
2
 
u= x + 1
du
=1
dx
dx = du
1 1
∫ dx = ∫
2 (u + 9)
du
2 ( x + 1) + 9 
2 2
 
du
dθ
81
1 1
∫ 2 (u + 9)
2 ( 3 tan θ ) + 9 
2 2
 
3sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
2 ( 9 tan 2 θ + 9 )

sec 2 θ
9 + 9 tan 2 θ =
9sec 2 θ
3sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
2 ( 9sec 2 θ )
3sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
2 ( 3) sec θ
sec θ
=∫ dθ
2
1
2

u opposite
3 adjacent
y
u
θ
3
u 2 + 32 =
y2
2
y= u2 + 9
=y u2 + 9
Cool.
82
cos θ adjacent 3 3
1 1 u2 + 9 u
ln sec θ +=
tan θ + C ln + +C
2 2 3 3
Finally, we need to write this answer in terms of our original variable x. Recall that u= x + 1 . So,
( x + 1)
2
1 u2 + 9 u 1 +9 x +1
ln = + +C ln + +C
2 3 3 2 3 3
83
MAT 1320
Fall 2017

(x + 15 )
1/2
f ( x) = x 2 + 15 = 2
f (1) = 12 + 15 = 16 = 4
1 2 1 2
( x + 15 ) ( x 2 + 15 )′ = ( x + 15 ) ( 2 x ) = x ( x 2 + 15 )
−1/2 −1/2 −1/2
f ′( x) =
2 2
1
f ′ (1) =(1) (12 + 15 ) =16−0.5 =
−1/2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f (1) + f ′ (1)( x − 1)
1
4+
= ( x − 1)
4
1 1
L (1.04 ) = 4 + (1.04 − 1) =4 + ( 0.04 ) =4 + 0.01 =4.01
4 4
84
2. (2 points) Riemann sum diddy dum.

b−a 4−2 1
∆x = = = = 0.5
n 4 2
0 1 2 3 4 i
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 x
f(2.5) f(3) f(3.5) f(4)
f ( 2.5
= ) e=
2.5 +1
e3.5
f (=
3) e=
3+1
e4
f ( 3.5
= ) e=
3.5 +1
e 4.5
f (=
4 ) e=
4 +1
e5
n 4
∑ f (=
*
i x ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
=i 1 =i 1
*
i
R4 = (e 3.5
+ e 4 + e 4.5 + e5 ) ( 0.5 )
85
displacement
3. (2 points) Integral time! Recall from physics that velocity = . So, we go
∆time
backwards to get displacement from velocity. Since velocity is a function of time, we
need to integrate.
4
1
4
= ∫ ( t − 2 ) dt
1
4
 t2 
=  − 2t 
2 1
1 2  1 2 
=  ( 4 ) − 2 ( 4 )  −  (1) − 2 (1) 
2  2 
1 
= (8 − 8) −  − 2 
2 
3
=
2
tan t dt )
(∫ =
d
( x )′ tan x − ( 3x )′ tan ( 3x )
x
dx 3x
= tan x − 3tan ( 3 x )
86
a. Subby subby substitution.
u= 2t − 1
du
=2
dt
du
dt =
2
t = 1 → u = 2 (1) − 1 = 1
t = 2 → u = 2 ( 2) −1 = 3
2 3 du
∫
1
e 2t −1 dt = ∫ eu
1 2
3 1 u
=∫ e du
1 2
3
1
= eu
2 1
1 3 1 1
= e − e
2 2
1 3
=
2
(e − e)
87
b. u-
u x2 + 2
=
du
= 2x
dx
du
dx =
2x
x = 0 → u = 02 + 2 = 2
x =1 → u =12 + 2 = 3
Still have x’s after u
substitution…
1 x3 3 x 3 du
∫ dx = ∫ something is
(x + 2)
13
0 2 2 u13 2 x wrong… OR!!!!
3 x2
=∫ du
2 2u13
u = x2 + 2 → x2 = u − 2
u−2 3
=∫
du
2 2u13
1 3 u 2 
= ∫
2 u
2  13 − 13  du
u 
1 3 1 2 
= ∫
2 u
2  12 − 13  du
u 
1 3 −12
=
2 ∫2
( u − 2u −13 ) du
3
1  u −11 2u −12 
=  − 
2  −11 −12  2
3
1 1 1 
= − 11
+ 12 
2  11u 6u  2
1 1 1  1 1 1 
= − +  −  − + 
2  11( 311 ) 6 ( 312 )  2  11( 211 ) 6 ( 212 ) 
   
88
c. Sub-2-shaun.
( 2x + 2)
1/2
u= 2 x + 2=
du 1 1 2 1
( 2 x + 2 ) ( 2 x + 2 )′= ( 2 x + 2 ) ( 2 )=
−1/2 −1/2
= =
dx 2 2 2 2x + 2 2x + 2
du
dx
= = 2 x + 2 du
1
2x + 2
x =1 → u = 2 (1) + 2 = 4 =2
x = 2 → u = 2 ( 2) + 2 = 6
2 (
sin 2 x + 2 ) 6 sin u
∫
1
=
2x + 2
dx ∫2
2x + 2
2 x + 2 du
6 sin u
=∫ 2 x + 2 du
2
2x + 2
6
= ∫ sin u du
2
6
= − cos u 2
=− cos ( 6 ) − − cos ( 2)
= cos ( 2 ) − cos ( 6 )

a. Integration by parts!
= ( x2 )
u ln= dv x dx
2x 2 1 2
du
= = 2
dx dx=v x
x x 2
1 2  2  1 
ln ( x ) dx
∫ x= x ln ( x 2 ) − ∫   x 2  dx
2
2  x  2 
1 2
= x ln ( x 2 ) − ∫ x dx
2
1 2 1
= x ln ( x 2 ) − x 2 + C
2 2
89
b. Integration by parts. This one loops.

2x
= u e= dv cos x dx
= e 2 x dx
du 2= v sin x
∫e x dx e 2 x sin x − ∫ 2e 2 x sin x dx
2x
cos
=

by parts again
= u 2= e2 x dv sin x dx
du = 4e 2 x dx v = − cos x
∫ 2e sin x dx =−2e 2 x cos x − ∫ −4e 2 x cos x dx

2x
−2e 2 x cos x + ∫ 4e 2 x cos x dx

=
∫ e cos x dx = e
2x 2x
sin x −  −2e 2 x cos x + ∫ 4e 2 x cos x dx 
∫ sin x + 2e 2 x cos x − ∫ 4e 2 x cos x dx

2x 2x
e cos x dx =e
    
same stuff in integral same stuff in integral
∫e cos x dx + ∫ 4e 2 x cos x dx =
2x
e 2 x sin x + 2e 2 x cos x
5∫ e 2 x cos
= x dx e 2 x sin x + 2e 2 x cos x
e 2 x sin x + 2e 2 x cos x
∫ e cos x dx =
2x
5
1 2
= e 2 x sin x + e 2 x cos x + C
5 5
90
7. (6 points) EVEEEEN MOOOOAAAAR INTEGRALSSSSSS �

a. Trig sub!
2  1 
25 x= −1 25  x 2 − 
 25 
1
= 5 x2 −
25
1
= sec θ
5
dx 1
= tan θ sec θ
dθ 5
1
5
1
tan θ sec θ dθ
dx 5
∫ 1
=∫
2 2
x ( 5)
2
x − 2 1  1  1
25  sec θ  ( 5 )  sec θ  −
5  5  25
1
tan θ sec θ dθ
=∫ 5 dθ
1 2  1 1
 sec θ  sec 2 θ −
 5  25 25
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1 1
sec θ sec 2 θ −
25 25
91

sec 2 θ
1 1 1
sec 2 θ − =tan 2 θ
25 25 25
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1
sec θ tan θ
2
25
tan θ
=∫ dθ
1 
5 
tan θ
= ∫5 dθ
sec θ tan θ
5
=∫ dθ
sec θ
= ∫ 5cos θ dθ
= 5sin θ + C
θ
Based on our original substitution x = sec θ , or sec= = = = , we
can draw a triangle:
5x
y
θ
1
(5x )
2
12 + y 2 =
y 2 25 x 2 − 1
=
=y 25 x 2 − 1
Neat?
92
opposite y 25 x 2 − 1
θ
hypotenuse 5 x 5x
5 25 x 2 − 1 25 x 2 − 1
θ +C
5sin= = +C +C
5x x
Blerg.
b. Trig sub ENCORE.

Complete the square!!!
3 x 2 − 6 x + 15= 3 ( x 2 − 2 x + 5 )
= 3 ( x − 1) + 4 
2
 
dx 1
∫ 3 x 2 − 6 x + 15
=∫ dx
3 ( x − 1) + 4 
2
 
u= x − 1
du
=1
dx
dx = du
1 1
∫ dx = ∫
3(u 2 + 4)
du
3 ( x − 1) + 4 
2
 
du
dθ
93
1 1
∫ 3(u + 4)
3 ( 2 tan θ ) + 4 
2 2
 
2sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
3 ( 4 tan 2 θ + 4 )

sec 2 θ
4 + 4 tan 2 θ =
4sec 2 θ
2sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
3 ( 4sec 2 θ )
2sec 2 θ
=∫ dθ
3 ( 2 ) sec θ
sec θ
=∫ dθ
3
1
3

u opposite
2 adjacent
y
u
θ
2
u 2 + 22 =
y2
2
y= u2 + 4
=y u2 + 4
Wow.
94
cos θ adjacent 2 2
1 1 u2 + 4 u
ln sec θ +=
tan θ + C ln + +C
3 3 2 2
Finally, we need to write this answer in terms of our original variable x. Recall that u= x − 1 . So,
( x − 1)
2
1 u2 + 4 u 1 +4 x −1
ln = + +C ln + +C
3 2 2 3 2 2
95
MAT 1320
Fall 2016
Multiple Choice (1 point each):

f ( x ) = arctan ( 2 x )
= f ( 0 ) arctan
=  2 ( 0 )  arctan
= ( 0) 0
1 2
=f ′( x) = 2 (
2 x )′
1+ ( 2x) 1 + 4 x2
2
f ′ ( 0)
= = 2
1 + 4 ( 0)
2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 0 ) + f ′ ( 0 )( x − 0 )
0 2 ( x − 0)
=+
= 2x
arctan ( 2 x ) = arctan ( 0.05 )

2 x = 0.05
0.05
x=
2
x = 0.025
Now, to estimate the value of arctan ( 0.05 ) , we will plug x = 0.025 into our linear approximation
formula.
( 0.025) 2=
L= ( 0.025) 0.05
Answer: B
96
d  x2
f ( t ) dt  ( x )′ f ( x ) − ( x )′ f ( x )
dx  ∫x
2 2
 =

= 2 xf ( x 2 ) − f ( x )
Answer: D
3. Integral. Trig sub! � Only need to provide the trig sub part. Oooh…
The function under the square root in the denominator is of the form a 2 − x 2 . Therefore, we can
=
do trig sub of the following form to assist us in this integral: sin θ 3sin θ .
x a=
Answer: B
4. Related rates.
Given rate: dx/dt = 2 cm/s
Desired rate: dV/dt = ?
The two quantities V and x are related by the following equation, which is the volume of a
cube (note that the problem stated that the balloon is a cube): V = x3
then x
When the volume of the cube is 64 cm³, the side length is= 3
64 cm3 4 cm .
=
Let’s take the time derivative of the volume equation. This will allow us to solve for our
unknown rate.
d d
(V ) = ( x3 )
dt dt
dV dx
= 3x 2
dt dt
2  cm 
= 3 ( 4 cm )  2 
 s 
cm3
= 96
s
Answer: E
97
5. Logarithmic differentiation.
f ( x ) = x cos x
ln f ( x ) = ln ( x cos x )
= cos x ln x
d d
ln f ( x )  = ( cos x ln x )
dx dx
1 cos x
f ′( x) = − sin x ln x +
f ( x) x
 cos x 
f ′ ( x ) =f ( x )  − sin x ln x + 
 x 
= f ( x) p ( x)
cos x
∴ p ( x) =
− sin x ln x +
x
Answer: C
Short Answer (2 points each):

6. Implicit differentiation.
5 x3 y 4 + 3 xy 3 =
7x
d  3 4  d
 5
x y + 3 xy 3  = (7x)
dx  product rule product rule  dx
 
dy dy
15 x 2 y 4 + 20 x3 y 3 + 3 y 3 + 9 xy 2 = 7
dx dx
dy dy
20 x3 y 3 + 9 xy 2 = 7 − 15 x 2 y 4 − 3 y 3
dx dx
dy
dx
( 20 x 3 y 3 + 9 xy 2 ) = 7 − 15 x 2 y 4 − 3 y 3
dy 7 − 15 x 2 y 4 − 3 y 3
=
dx 20 x3 y 3 + 9 xy 2
98
7. Riemann sum. Only need to set it up… no need to evaluate the sum.
First, let’s determine the step size. Since the question states we are to do R4, we will use 4 steps
to get from x = 0 to x = 1. Then,
b − a 1− 0 1
∆x = = = = 0.25
n 4 4
0 1 2 3 4 i
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 x
f(0.25) f(0.5) f(0.75) f(1)
f ( 0.25 ) = e0.25
f ( 0.5 ) = e0.5
f ( 0.75 ) = e0.75
f (1) = e1
n 4
∑ f (=
*
i x ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
=i 1 =i 1
*
i
R4 = (e 0.25
+ e0.5 + e0.75 + e1 ) ( 0.25 )
99
Long Answer (6 points):

8. INTEGRAAAAALS.
a. Trig integral.
∫ sin x cos3 x dx = ∫ sin 7 x cos 2 x cos

7
 x dx
keep for
later!
∫ sin x (1 − sin x ) cos x dx

7 2
=
∫ sin x cos x dx − ∫ sin x cos x dx

7 9
=
∫ ( sin x ) cos x dx − ∫ ( sin x ) cos x dx

7 9
=
u = sin x
du
= cos x
dx
du
dx =
cos x
du du
∫u − ∫ u 9 cos x
7
= cos x
cos x cos x
du du
= ∫ u 7 cos x − ∫ u 9 cos x
cos x cos x
∫u du − ∫ u 9 du
7
=
u 8 u10
= − +C
8 10
sin 8 x sin10 x
= − +C
8 10
100
b. Substitution.
u = ln x
du 1
=
dx x
dx = x du
x =1 → u =ln1 =0
x = e → u = ln e = 1
e  4 ( ln x )3 2 ( ln x )1/3  1  4u
3
2u1/3 
∫
1

 x
−
x 
∫0  x x  x du
 dx = −
1  4u
3
2u1/3 
=∫  −  x du
0
 x x 
∫ ( 4u − 2u1/3 ) du
1
3
=
0
1
 4u 4 2u 4/3 
=  − 
 4 4/3 0
1
 3u 4/3 
=  u4 − 
 2 0
 4 3 (1)4/3   4 3 ( 0 )4/3 
= 1 −  − 0 − 
 2   2 
 3
=1 −  − 0
 2
1
= −
2
101
c. Integration by parts.
2
= u x= dv e − x dx
du = 2 x dx v = −e − x
∫x e ∫
2 −x
− x 2e− x −
dx = −2 xe dx −x

integration by parts
AGAIN
u=−2 x e − x dx
dv =
−2 dx v =
du = −e − x
∫ −2 xe
−x
( 2 x ) ( −e− x ) − ∫ ( −2 ) ( −e− x ) dx
dx =−
= 2 xe − x − ∫ 2e − x dx
= 2 xe − x − ( −2e − x )
= 2 xe − x + 2e − x
∫x e dx =− x 2 e − x − ∫ −2 xe − x dx
2 −x
∫x e
2 −x
− x 2 e − x − ( 2 xe − x + 2e − x ) + C
dx =
− x 2 e − x − 2 xe − x − 2e − x + C
=
102
MAT 1320
Fall 2016

f ( x ) = arctan ( 3 x )
= f ( 0 ) arctan= 3 ( 0 )  arctan
= ( 0) 0
1 3
=f ′( x) = 2 (
3x )′
1 + ( 3x ) 1 + 9x2
3
f ′ ( 0)
= = 3
1 + 9 ( 0)
2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 0 ) + f ′ ( 0 )( x − 0 )
0 3( x − 0)
=+
= 3x

3 x = 0.05
0.05
x=
3
Now, to estimate the value of arctan ( 0.05 ) , we will plug x = 0.05/3 into our linear
approximation formula.
 0.05   0.05 
L=
  3=
  0.05
 3   3 
Answer: B
103
f ( t ) dt )
(∫ =
d
( x )′ f ( x ) − ( x 2 )′ f ( x 2 )
x
dx x2
= f ( x ) − 2 xf ( x 2 )
Answer: F
3. Integral. Trig sub! Barf. Only need to provide the trig sub part. Oh thank goodness O_O
The function under the square root in the denominator is of the form a 2 + x 2 . Therefore, we can
do trig sub of the following form to assist us in this integral:
= tan θ 3 tan θ .
x a=
Answer: A
4. Related rates.
Given rate: dx/dt = 2/3 cm/s
When the volume of the cube is 64 cm³, the side length is=
then x 3
64 cm3 4 cm .
=
unknown rate.
d d
(V ) = ( x3 )
dt dt
dV dx
= 3x 2
dt dt
2  2 cm 
= 3 ( 4 cm )  
3 s 
cm3
= 32
s
Answer: B
104
f ( x ) = xsin x
ln f ( x ) = ln ( xsin x )
= sin x ln x
d d
ln f ( x )  = ( sin x ln x )
dx dx
1 sin x
= f ′ ( x ) cos x ln x +
f ( x) x
 sin x 
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x )  cos x ln x + 
 x 
= f ( x) p ( x)
sin x
∴ p ( x=
) cos x ln x +
x
Answer: E

4 x 2 y 5 + 2 xy 4 =
5x
d  2 5  d
 4 x y + 2 xy 4  = (5x )
dx  product rule product rule  dx
dy dy
8 xy 5 + 20 x 2 y 4 + 2 y 4 + 8 xy 3 = 5
dx dx
dy dy
20 x 2 y 4 + 8 xy 3 = 5 − 8 xy 5 − 2 y 4
dx dx
dy
dx
( 20 x 2 y 4 + 8 xy 3 ) = 5 − 8 xy 5 − 2 y 4
dy 5 − 8 xy 5 − 2 y 4
=
dx 20 x 2 y 4 + 8 xy 3
105
7. Riemann sum. Only need to set it up… no need to evaluate. Sweeeeeet.

First, let’s determine the step size. Since the question states we are to do L4, we will use 4 steps
b − a 1− 0 1
∆x = = = = 0.25
n 4 4
0 1 2 3 4 i
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 x
f(0) f(0.25) f(0.5) f(0.75)
f ( 0=
) e=0 1
f ( 0.25 ) = e0.25
f ( 0.5 ) = e0.5
f ( 0.75 ) = e0.75
n −1 3
∑ f (=
xi* ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
*
i
=i 0=i 0
L4 =(1 + e0.25 + e0.5 + e0.75 ) ( 0.25 )
106

8. INTEGRAAAAALS.
a. Trig integral.
∫ cos x sin 3 x dx = ∫ cos5 x sin 2 x sin

5
 x dx
keep for
later!
∫ cos x (1 − cos x ) sin x dx

5 2
=
∫ cos x sin x dx − ∫ cos x sin x dx

5 7
=
∫ ( cos x ) sin x dx − ∫ ( cos x ) sin x dx

5 7
=
u = cos x
du
= − sin x
dx
du
dx =
− sin x
du du
∫u − ∫ u 7 sin x
5
= sin x
− sin x − sin x
du du
= ∫ −u 5 sin x − ∫ −u 7 sin x
sin x sin x
∫ −u du + ∫ u du
5 7
=
u 6 u8
− + +C
=
6 8
cos 6 x cos8 x
=
− + +C
6 8
107
b. Substitution.
u = ln x
du 1
=
dx x
dx = x du
x =1 → u =ln1 =0
x = e → u = ln e = 1
e  5 ( ln x )4 3 ( ln x )2/3  1  5u
4
3u 2/3 
∫
1

 x
−
x 
∫0  x x  x du
 dx = −
1  5u
4
3u 2/3 
=∫  −  x du
0
 x x 
∫ ( 5u − 3u 2/3 ) du
1
4
=
0
1
 5u 5 3u 5/3 
=  − 
 5 5/3 0
1
 9u 5/3 
=  u5 − 
 5 0
 5 9 (1)5/3   5 9 ( 0 )5/3 
= 1 −  − 0 − 
 5   5 
 9
=1 −  − 0
 5
4
= −
5
108
c. Integration by parts. Twice. -_-

2
=u x= dv e3 x dx
1 3x
=du 2=
x dx v e
3
x2 3x 2x
∫ x e= e − ∫ e3 x dx
2 3x
dx
3 3 

AGAIN
2x
=u = dv e3 x dx
3
2 1 3x
=du = dx v e
3 3
2 x 3x 2 x 3x 2
∫ 3
e= dx
9
e − ∫ e3 x dx
9
2 x 3 x  2  1  3 x
= e −    e
9  9  3 
2 x 3x 2 3x
= e − e
9 27

x2 3x 2x
∫ x e= e − ∫ e3 x dx
2 3x
dx
3 3
2
x  2x 2 
= e3 x −  e3 x − e3 x  + C
3  9 27 
x2 3x 2 x 3x 2 3x
= e − e + e +C
3 9 27
109
MAT 1320
Fall 2016

f ( x ) = arctan ( 4 x )
= f ( 0 ) arctan
=  4 ( 0 )  arctan
= ( 0) 0
1 4
=f ′( x) = 2 (
4 x )′
1+ ( 4x) 1 + 16 x 2
4
f ′ ( 0)
= = 4
1 + 16 ( 0 )
2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 0 ) + f ′ ( 0 )( x − 0 )
0 4 ( x − 0)
=+
= 4x

4 x = 0.05
0.05
x=
4
x = 0.0125
Now, to estimate the value of arctan ( 0.05 ) , we will plug x = 0.0125 into our linear
approximation formula.
( 0.0125) 4=
L= ( 0.0125) 0.05
Answer: B
110
d  x3
f ( t ) dt  ( x )′ f ( x ) − ( x )′ f ( x )
dx  ∫x
3 3
 =

= 3x 2 f ( x3 ) − f ( x )
Answer: F
3. Integral. Trig sub! Only need to provide the actual sub, and not do the integral. Crisis
averted.
The function under the square root in the denominator is of the form a 2 + x 2 . Therefore, we can
do trig sub of the following form to assist us in this integral:
= tan θ 4 tan θ .
x a=
Answer: D
4. Related rates.
Given rate: dx/dt = 4/3 cm/s
then x
When the volume of the cube is 64 cm³, the side length is= 3
64 cm3 4 cm .
=
unknown rate.
d d
(V ) = ( x3 )
dt dt
dV dx
= 3x 2
dt dt
2  4 cm 
= 3 ( 4 cm )  
3 s 
cm3
= 64
s
Answer: D
111
f ( x ) = ( sin x )
x
ln f ( x ) = ln ( sin x ) 
x
 
= x ln ( sin x )
d d
ln f ( x )  =  x ln ( sin x ) 
dx dx
1 cos x
= f ′ ( x ) ln ( sin x ) + x
f ( x) sin x
= ln ( sin x ) + x cot x
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x )  ln ( sin x ) + x cot x 
= f ( x) p ( x)
∴ p ( x=
) ln ( sin x ) + x cot x
Answer: F

4 x 3 y 3 + 7 xy 2 =
6x
d  3 3  d
 4 x y + 7 xy 2  = (6x)
dx  product rule product rule  dx
dy dy
12 x 2 y 3 + 12 x 3 y 2 + 7 y 2 + 14 xy = 6
dx dx
dy dy
12 x 3 y 2 + 14 xy = 6 − 12 x 2 y 3 − 7 y 2
dx dx
dy
dx
(12 x3 y 2 + 14 xy ) = 6 − 12 x 2 y 3 − 7 y 2
dy 6 − 12 x 2 y 3 − 7 y 2
=
dx 12 x 3 y 2 + 14 xy
112
7. Riemann sum. Only need to set it up… no need to evaluate.

First, let’s determine the step size. Since the question states we are to do M4, we will use 4 steps
b − a 1− 0 1
∆x = = = = 0.25
n 4 4
0 1 2 3 4 i
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 x
f(0.125) f(0.375) f(0.625) f(0.875)
f ( 0.125 ) = e0.125
f ( 0.375 ) = e0.375
f ( 0.625 ) = e0.625
f ( 0.875 ) = e0.875
n 4
∑ f (=
*
i x ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
=i 1 =i 1
*
i
M 4 = ( e0.125 + e0.375 + e0.625 + e0.875 ) ( 0.25 )
113

8. INTEGRAAAAALS.
a. Trig integral.

5
 x dx
keep for
later!

5 2
=

5 7
=

5 7
=
u = sin x
du
= cos x
dx
du
dx =
cos x
du du
∫u − ∫ u 7 cos x
5
= cos x
cos x cos x
du du
= ∫ u 5 cos x − ∫ u 7 cos x
cos x cos x
∫u du − ∫ u 7 du
5
=
u 6 u8
= − +C
6 8
sin 6 x sin 8 x
= − +C
6 8
114
b. Substitution.
u = ln x
du 1
=
dx x
dx = x du
x =1 → u =ln1 =0
x = e → u = ln e = 1
e  7 ( ln x )3 4 ( ln x )2/3  1  7u
3
4u 2/3 
∫
1

 x
+
x 
∫0  x
 dx = +
x 
 x du
1  7u
3
4u 2/3 
=∫  +  x du
0
 x x 
∫ ( 7u + 4u 2/3 ) du
1
3
=
0
1
 7u 4 4u 5/3 
=  + 
 4 5/3 0
1
 7u 4 12u 5/3 
=  + 
 4 5 0
 7 (1)4 12 (1)5/3   7 ( 0 )4 12 ( 0 )5/3 
= + − + 
 4 5   4 5 
 7 12 
= +  − 0
4 5 
83
=
20
115
2
= u x= dv e 4 x dx
1 4x
=du 2=x dx v e
4
x2 4 x x
∫ x e= ∫ 2 
2 4x 4x
dx e − e dx
4  
AGAIN
x
=u = dv e 4 x dx
2
1 1 4x
=du = dx v e
2 4
x x 4x 1
∫2e = e − ∫ e 4 x dx
4x
dx
8 8
x 4 x  1  1  4 x
= e −    e
8  8  4 
x 4x 1 4x
= e − e
8 32

x2 4 x x
∫ x e= e − ∫ e 4 x dx
2 4x
dx
4 2
2
x x 1 
= e4 x −  e4 x − e4 x  + C
4 8 32 
x2 4 x x 4 x 1 4 x
= e − e + e +C
4 8 32
116
MAT 1320
Summer 2016
Midterm #2
1. (1 point) Equation of tangent line.

First, let’s take the derivative of the function using implicit differentiation.
xy 4 + x = 82
d d
dx
( xy 4 + x ) = ( 82 )
dx
dy
y 4 + 4 xy 3 +1 = 0
dx
dy
4 xy 3 =−1 − y 4
dx
dy −1 − y 4
=
dx 4 xy 3
This is the first derivative of the function, which we can also think of as the slope function. In
other words, if we plug in a set of coordinates (x,y), it will give us the slope at that point. We
want to find the slope at the point (1, 3). Let’s plug in that point to our slope function:
−1 − ( 3)
4
dy −82 −41
= = =
dx (1,3) 4 (1)( 3) 3
108 54
To solve for the equation of the tangent line, there are two methods. I will show both. Either
works! Choose your favourite.
Slope-Point Form Slope-Intercept Form
y − y0 = m ( x − x0 ) y mx + b
=
41 41
y − 3 =− ( x − 1) 3= − (1) + b
54 54
41 41 203
− x+ +3
y= b=
54 54 54
41 203 41 203
y=
− x+ ∴ y =− x +
54 54 54 54
Worst. Fractions. Ever.
117
2. (3 points) Log differentiation.
x 2014 cos −1 x
f ( x) =
(x + 1)
2 2009
 2014 
x cos −1 x 
ln f ( x ) = ln 
 ( x 2 + 1)2009 
 
= ln ( x 2014 ) + ln ( cos −1 x ) − ln ( x 2 + 1) 
2009
 
=2014 ln x + ln ( cos −1 x ) − 2009 ln ( x 2 + 1)
d d
ln f ( x ) =  2014 ln x + ln ( cos −1 x ) − 2009 ln ( x 2 + 1) 
dx dx  
1 2014 1 2009
f ′( x) = + ( cos −1 x )′ − 2 ( x 2 + 1)′
f ( x) x −1
cos x x +1
2014 1 −1 2009
= + −1
− 2 ( 2x)
x cos x 1 − x 2 x +1
2014 1 4018 x
= − − 2
x ( cos x ) 1 − x x + 1
− 1 2
 2014 1 4018 x 
f ( x) =
′ f ( x)  − − 2
 x
 ( cos −1
x ) 1 − x 2 x +1 

x 2014 cos −1 x  2014 1 4018 x 
= − − 2
( x2 + 1)  x ( cos−1 x ) 1 − x2 x + 1 
2009
118
3. (5 points) NOT a trig integral. A sneaky trick, instead. Boooo. BOOOOO.

π /2 π /2
( sin x ) ( cos x )
2 2
∫0
sin 2 x cos 2 x dx = ∫
0
dx
π /2
( sin x cos x )
2
=∫ dx
0
Trig identity: sin ( 2 x ) = 2sin x cos x

sin ( 2 x )
∴ sin x cos x =
2
2
 sin ( 2 x ) 
π /2
=∫   dx
0
 2 
π /2 sin ( 2 x )
2
=∫ dx
0 4
1
2
ANOTHER trig identity: sin= x 1 − cos ( 2 x ) 
2
1
∴ sin 2 ( 2 x ) =− 1 cos ( 4 x ) 
2
1
1 − cos ( 4 x ) 
=∫ 2
π /2
dx
0 4
π /2 1 − cos ( 4 x )
=∫ dx
0 8
π /2
 x sin ( 4 x ) 
=  −  Integral can be done with substitution.
8 32  0 Use u = 4x.
  4π  
 π / 2 sin  2    0 sin ( 4 ⋅ 0 ) 
=  −   − −
 
 8 32   8 32 
 
 π sin ( 2π )   sin ( 0 ) 
=  −  − 0 − 
16 32   32 
π
=
16
Ewww.
119
4. (4 points) Related rates.

Given rate: dx/dt = 3 cm/min
Desired rate: dA/dt = ?
1
The area of any triangle is given by A =   ( base )( height ) .
2
We have an equilateral triangle:
x x h
To make our area equation a function of only one variable, let’s find a relationship between h
(the height) and x (the base).
We can use the Pythagorean theorem to do this. (Note the dashed line I’ve included on the
triangle above).
h 2 + ( 0.5 x ) =
2
x2
x 2 − ( 0.5 x )
2 2
h=
= 0.75 x 2
h = 0.75 x 2
3
= x
2
Now we can rewrite the area equation as a function of one variable only:
1 1  3  3 2
=A =xh x = x x
2 2  2  4
Next, let’s solve for the side length of the equilateral triangle when the area of the cube is 10
cm²:
120
3 2
A= x
4
4A
x2 =
3
4A
x=
3
4 (10 cm 2 )
=
3
40
= cm
3
Beautiful… �
Let’s take the time derivative of the area equation. This will allow us to solve for our unknown
rate.
d d  3 
( A) =  x 2 
dt dt  4 
dA 2 3 x dx
=
dt 4 dt
 40 
2 3 cm 
 3   3 cm 
=  
4  min 
 40 
3 3 
 3  cm 2
=
2 min
Walk away. Just walk away. That’s the answer. Walk away.
121

f ( x ) = 1 − x = (1 − x )
1/2
f ( 0) = 1− 0 = 1
1 1 1
f ′ ( x )=(1 − x ) (1 − x )′= (1 − x ) ( −1)= − (1 − x )
−1/2 −1/2 −1/2
2 2 2
1 1
− (1 − 0 ) =
f ′ (0) =
−1/2
−
2 2
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 0 ) + f ′ ( 0 )( x − 0 )
1
1−
= ( x − 0)
2
x
= 1−
2
1 − x =0.98
1− x = 0.98
−=x 0.98 − 1
− x =−0.02
x = 0.02
Now, to estimate the value of 0.98 , we will plug x = 0.02 into our linear approximation
formula.
0.02
L ( 0.02 ) =
1− 1 − 0.01 =
= 0.99
2
122
6. (5 points) Integral by trig sub.

First, we need to get the function under the square root to be in the form a 2 − x 2 . To do this, I
will factor out a “4” from each term. I choose “4” because it is a perfect square, and can
subsequently be removed from the square root.
1 
∫ 1 − 4 x 2 dx = ∫ 4  − x 2  dx
4 
1
= ∫2 4
− x 2 dx
The function under the square root is now in the form a 2 − x 2 . Therefore, we can do trig sub of
1
=
the following form to assist us in this integral: sin θ
x a= sin θ . We also need to sub out the
2
dx 1
= cos θ
dθ 2
1
dx = cos θ dθ
2
2
1 1 1  1
∫ 2 4 − x dx = ∫ 2 4 −  2 sin θ  2 cos θ dθ
2
1 1 2
= ∫ − sin θ cos θ dθ
4 4
Trig Identity: cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ =

1
cos 2 θ = 1 − sin 2 θ
1 1 1 2
cos 2 θ= − sin θ
4 4 4
1
=∫ cos 2 θ cos θ dθ
4
1 
= ∫  cos θ  cos θ dθ
2 
1
= ∫ cos 2 θ dθ
2
123
1
2
Trig Identity: cos= θ 1 + cos ( 2θ ) 
2
11
= ∫ 2  2  1 + cos ( 2θ ) dθ
1
= ∫ 4 1 + cos ( 2θ ) dθ
θ sin ( 2θ )
= + +C
4 8
1
Originally, we had the trig sub x = sin θ . Solving for θ , we get θ = arcsin ( 2x ) .
2
For the other term, we can simplify it by expressing sin ( 2θ ) using another trig identity. Oh yay.
sin ( 2θ ) = cos θ sin θ
1 x 2x opposite
θ
Then, based on our original substitution x = sin θ , or sin= = = , we can
2 1/ 2 1 hypotenuse
draw a triangle to represent our lovely… thing… that… is a triangle.
1
2x
θ
y
( 2x)
2
+ y2 =
12
y 2 = 1 − 4x2
y
= 1 − 4x2
Cool. Coolcoolcoolcoolcoolcoolcoolcool.
124
Based on our triangle, we can figure out a formula for sin ( 2θ ) = 2 cos θ sin θ .
adjacent 1 − 4x2
cos θ= = = 1 − 4x2
hypotenuse 1
opposite 2x
sin=θ = = 2x
hypotenuse 1
2 cos θ sin θ = (
2 1 − 4x2 ) ( 2x) =
4x 1− 4x 2
θ sin ( 2θ ) arcsin ( 2 x ) 4 x 1 − 4 x 2
+ = +C + +C
4 8 4 8
arcsin ( 2 x ) x
= + 1 − 4 x2 + C
4 2
Ick.
125
7. (4 points) Integration by parts.
=u 2=
x dv e8 x dx
1 8x
=du 2=
dx v e
8
1
1 2x 8x 12
∫ e − ∫ e8 x dx
8x
2 xe
= dx
0 8 0
0 8
1
x 8x 11
= e − ∫ e8 x dx
4 0
0 4
1 1
x 8x 1
= e − e8 x
4 0 32 0
 (1) ( 0 ) e8(0)  −  1 e8(1) − 1 e8(0) 

=  e8(1) −   
 4 4   32 32
1  1 1 
=  e8 − 0  −  e8 − (1) 
4   32 32 
1 1  1
= e8  −  +
 4 32  32
7 8 1
= e +
32 32
1
=
32
( 7e8 + 1)
126
MAT 1320
Fall 2015
1. (2 points) Logarithmic differentiation.
ln f ( x ) = ln ( cos x ) 
x
 
= x ln ( cos x )
d d
ln f ( x ) =  x ln ( cos x ) 
dx dx   
Product Rule
1 x
= f ′( x) (1) ln cos x + ( cos x )′
f ( x) cos x
x
( − sin x )
= ln cos x +
cos x
x sin x
= ln cos x −
cos x
= ln cos x − x tan x
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x )( ln cos x − x tan x )
( cos x ) ( ln cos x − x tan x )
x
=
127

in the question:
x = 2 km
z
y = 3 km
y
dx/dt = -40 km/h (the car is travelling
west, so I’ve set the speed as negative)
dy/dt = -60 km/h (the car is travelling
x south, so I’ve set the speed as negative)
We want to determine the rate at which the distance between them is changing at this very
moment. This is equivalent to calculate the speed along the hypotenuse of the triangle, or dz/dt.
First, let’s calculate z using the Pythagorean theorem:
2
z= x2 + y 2
=z x2 + y 2
( 2 km ) + ( 3 km )
2 2
=
= 13 km
Now, let’s take the time derivative of the same formula. This will allow us to calculate dz/dt. To
128
2
z= x2 + y 2
d 2 d 2
dt
=( z )
dt
( x + y2 )
dz dx dy
2=z 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
2z = 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
z= x + y
dt dt dt
dx dy
x +y
dz
= dt dt
dt z
  km   km  
( 2 km )  −40 h  + ( 3 km )  −60 h  
   
=
13 km
−260 km
=
13 h
3. (1 point) Derivative of an integral.
d  x2 64t + 5sin t  ′ 64 ( x 2 ) + 5sin ( x 2 ) 64 (1) + 5sin (1)

dx  ∫1 t 3 + et + 1 
=  dt  (x )
2
− (1)′
( x2 ) + ex + 1 (1) + e1 + 1
3 2 3
64 x 2 + 5sin ( x 2 ) 64 + 5sin1
= ( 2x) − (0)
6
x + e +1x2 1+ e +1
64 x 2 + 5sin ( x 2 ) 64 + 5sin1
= ( 2x) − ( 0)
2
x6 + e x + 1 1+ e +1
64 x 2 + 5sin ( x 2 )
= ( 2x) 2
x6 + e x + 1
129
4. (3 points) INTEGRALS!
a. Trig integral!!

2
 x dx
keep for
later!

2 2
=

2 4
=

2 4
=
u = sin x
du
= cos x
dx
du
dx =
cos x
du du
∫u − ∫ u 4 cos x
2
= cos x
cos x cos x
du du
= ∫ u 2 cos x − ∫ u 4 cos x
cos x cos x
∫u du − ∫ u 4 du
2
=
u3 u5
= − +C
3 5
sin 3 x sin 5 x
= − +C
3 5
130
b. Substitution. Ooooooh.
u = ln x
du 1
=
dx x
dx = x du
x =1 → u =ln1 =0
x = e → u = ln e = 1
e  8 ( ln x )2 2 ( ln x )1/3  1  8u
2
2u1/3 
∫
1

 x
−
x 
∫0  x x  x du
 dx = −
1  8u
2
2u1/3 
=∫  −  x du
0
 x x 
∫ (8u − 2u1/3 ) du
1
2
=
0
1
 8u 3 2u 4/3 
=  − 
 3 4/3 0
1
 8u 3 3u 4/3 
=  − 
 3 2 0
 8 (1)3 3 (1)4/3   8 ( 0 )3 3 ( 0 )4/3 
= − − − 
 3 2   3 2 
8 3
=  − −0
3 2
7
=
6
131
c. Integration by parts. Twice. -_-

2
=u x= dv e3 x dx
1 3x
=du 2=
x dx v e
3
x2 3x 2x
∫ x e= e − ∫ e3 x dx
2 3x
dx
3 3 

AGAIN
2x
=u = dv e3 x dx
3
2 1 3x
=du = dx v e
3 3
2 x 3x 2 x 3x 2
∫ 3
e= dx
9
e − ∫ e3 x dx
9
2 x 3 x  2  1  3 x
= e −    e
9  9  3 
2 x 3x 2 3x
= e − e
9 27

x2 3x 2x
∫ x e= e − ∫ e3 x dx
2 3x
dx
3 3
2
x  2x 2 
= e3 x −  e3 x − e3 x  + C
3  9 27 
x2 3x 2 x 3x 2 3x
= e − e + e +C
3 9 27
132
5. (2 points) Implicit differentiation.
 
d  2 2 3 d
 2 x y + 3 xy  = (6x)
dx  product product  dx
 rule rule 
 2 2 dy   3 2 dy 
 4 xy + 4 x y  +  3 y + 9 xy = 6
 dx   dx 
dy dy
4 x 2 y + 9 xy 2 = 6 − 4 xy 2 − 3 y 3
dx dx
dy
dx
( 4 x 2 y + 9 xy 2 ) = 6 − 4 xy 2 − 3 y 3
dy 6 − 4 xy 2 − 3 y 3
=
dx 4 x 2 y + 9 xy 2
133

f (=
x) (16 + 4 x )
1/4
1/4
f ( 0 ) =+
16 4 ( 0 )  = 2
1 1
f ′( x) = (16 + 4 x ) ( 4 x )′ = (16 + 4 x ) ( 4 ) =
(16 + 4 x )
−3/4 −3/4 −3/4
4 4
−3/4 1
f ′( 0) =
16 + 4 ( 0 )  =
8
L( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 0 ) + f ′ ( 0 )( x − 0 )
1
2
=+ ( x − 0)
8
x
= 2+
8
4
16 + 4 x =4
20
16 + 4 x =20
4=x 20 − 16
4x = 4
x =1
Now, to estimate the value of 4

20 , we will plug x = 1 into our linear approximation formula.
1 17
L (1) = 2 + =
8 8
134
7. (2 points) Riemann sum, right-handed.

b − a 1− 0 1
∆x = = = = 0.25
n 4 4
0 1 2 3 4 i
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 x
f(0.25) f(0.5) f(0.75) f(1)
4
f ( 0.25 )
= ≅ 3.764 706
1 + 0.252
4
=f ( 0.5 ) = 3.2
1 + 0.52
4
f ( 0.75 ) =
= 2.56
1 + 0.752
4
f (1) =
= 2
1 + 12
n4
∑ f (=
*
i
=i 1 =i 1
x ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x *
i
= ( 3.764 706 + 3.2 + 2.56 + 2 )( 0.25)

R4 = 2.881177
8. (1 point) Integral.
1 4
area = ∫ dx
0 1 + x2
1
= 4arctan x 0
= 4 ( arctan1 − arctan 0 )
π 
= 4 − 0
4 
=π
135
MAT 1320
Fall 2015
ln f ( x ) = ln ( sin x ) 
x
 
= x ln ( sin x )
d d
ln f ( x ) =  x ln ( sin x ) 
dx dx   
Product Rule
1 x
= f ′( x) (1) ln sin x + ( sin x )′
f ( x) sin x
x
sin x
x cos x
= ln sin x +
sin x
= ln sin x + x cot x
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x )( ln sin x + x cot x )
( sin x ) ( ln sin x + x cot x )
x
=
136

in the question:
x = 2 km
z
y = 3 km
y
2
z= x2 + y 2
=z x2 + y 2
( 2 km ) + ( 3 km )
2 2
=
= 13 km
137
2
z= x2 + y 2
d 2 d 2
dt
=( z )
dt
( x + y2 )
dz dx dy
2=z 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
2z = 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
z= x + y
dt dt dt
dx dy
x +y
dz
= dt dt
dt z
  km   km  
( 2 km )  −50 h  + ( 3 km )  −60 h  
   
=
13 km
−280 km
=
13 h
16 ( x 2 ) + cos ( x 2 )
2
16 (1) + cos (1)
2
d  x2 16t 2 + cos t  ′
dx  ∫1
=  dt  (x )
2
− (1)′
t 3 + 7t (x ) + 7(x )
2 3
(1) + 7 (1)
3
 2
16 x 4 + cos ( x 2 ) 16 + cos1
= ( 2x) − ( 0)
6
x + 7x 2
8
16 x + cos ( x 2 )
4
16 + cos1
= ( 2x) − ( 0)
6
x + 7x 2
8
16 x + cos ( x 2 )
4
= ( 2x)
x6 + 7 x2
138
a. Trig integral.
∫ sin x cos 2 x dx = ∫ sin 2 x cos 2 x sin

3
 x dx
keep for
later!
∫ (1 − cos x ) cos x sin x dx

2 2
=
∫ cos x sin x dx − ∫ cos x sin x dx

2 4
=
∫ ( cos x ) sin x dx − ∫ ( cos x ) sin x dx

2 4
=
u = cos x
du
= − sin x
dx
du
dx =
− sin x
du du
∫u − ∫ u 4 sin x
2
= sin x
− sin x − sin x
du du
= ∫ −u 2 sin x − ∫ −u 4 sin x
sin x sin x
∫ −u du + ∫ u du
2 4
=
u3 u5
− + +C
=
3 5
cos3 x cos5 x
=
− + +C
3 5
139
b. Substitution!
u = ln x
du 1
=
dx x
dx = x du
x =1 → u =ln1 =0
x = e → u = ln e = 1
e  7 ( ln x )3 ( ln x )2/3  1  7u
3
u 2/3 
∫
1

 x
−
x  ∫0  x x  x du
 dx = −
1  7u
3
u 2/3 
=∫  −  x du
0
 x x 
∫ ( 7u − u 2/3 ) du
1
3
=
0
1
 7u 4 u 5/3 
=  − 
 4 5/30
1
 7u 4 3u 5/3 
=  − 
 4 5 0
 7 (1)4 3 (1)5/3   7 ( 0 )4 3 ( 0 )5/3 
= − − − 
 4 5   4 5 
7 3
=  − −0
 4 5
23
=
20
140
c. Do integration by parts twiiiiice. �

2
= u x= dv e 4 x dx
1 4x
=du 2=x dx v e
4
x2 4 x x
∫ x e= ∫
2 4x 4x
dx e − e dx
4 2 
AGAIN
x
=u = dv e 4 x dx
2
1 1 4x
=du = dx v e
2 4
x x 4x 1
∫2e = e − ∫ e 4 x dx
4x
dx
8 8
x 4 x  1  1  4 x
= e −    e
8  8  4 
x 4x 1 4x
= e − e
8 32

x2 4 x x
∫ x e= e − ∫ e 4 x dx
2 4x
dx
4 2
2
x x 1 
= e4 x −  e4 x − e4 x  + C
4 8 32 
x2 4 x x 4 x 1 4 x
= e − e + e +C
4 8 32
141
 
d  2 3  d
 3 x y + 4 xy 2  = (8x )
 rule rule 
 3 2 2 dy   2 dy 
 6 xy + 9 x y  +  4 y + 8 xy  = 8
 dx   dx 
dy dy
9x2 y 2 + 8 xy = 8 − 6 xy 3 − 4 y 2
dx dx
dy
dx
( 9 x 2 y 2 + 8 xy ) = 8 − 6 xy 3 − 4 y 2
dy 8 − 6 xy 3 − 4 y 2
=
dx 9 x 2 y 2 + 8 xy
142

f (=
x) ( 27 + 3x )
1/3
1/3
f ( 0) =
 27 + 3 ( 0 )  = 3
1 1
f ′( x) = ( 27 + 3x ) ( 3x )′ = ( 27 + 3x ) ( 3) =+
( 27 3x )
−2/3 −2/3 −2/3
3 3
−2/3 1
 27 3 ( 0 )  =
f ′ ( 0 ) =+
9
L( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 0 ) + f ′ ( 0 )( x − 0 )
1
3+
= ( x − 0)
9
x
= 3+
9
3
27 + 3 x =3
30
27 + 3 x =30
3=x 30 − 27
3x = 3
x =1

1 28
L (1) =3 + =
9 9
143
7. (2 points) Riemann sum, left-handed.

First, let’s determine the step size. Since the question states we are to do L4, we will use 4 steps
b − a 1− 0 1
∆x = = = = 0.25
n 4 4
0 1 2 3 4 i
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 x
f(0) f(0.25) f(0.5) f(0.75)
4
f ( 0)
= = 1
1 + 02
4
f ( 0.25 )
= ≅ 3.764 706
1 + 0.252
4
=f ( 0.5 ) = 3.2
1 + 0.52
4
f ( 0.75 ) =
= 2.56
1 + 0.752
n −1
3
*
i∑ f (=
=i 0=i 0
x ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x *
i
=(1 + 3.764 706 + 3.2 + 2.56 )( 0.25 )

L4 = 3.381177
1 4
area = ∫ dx
0 1 + x2
1
= 4arctan x 0
π 
= 4 − 0
4 
=π
144
MAT 1320
Fall 2015
ln f ( x ) = ln ( xsin x )
= ( sin x ) ln x
d d
ln f ( x ) = ( sin x ) ln x 
dx dx   
Product Rule
1 sin x
= f ′( x) ( cos x ) ln x +
f ( x) x
 sin x 
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x ) ( cos x ) ln x +
 x 
 sin x 
= x sin x ( cos x ) ln x +
 x 
145

in the question:
x = 3 km
z
y = 2 km
y
2
z= x2 + y 2
=z x2 + y 2
( 3 km ) + ( 2 km )
2 2
=
= 13 km
146
2
z= x2 + y 2
d 2 d 2
dt
=( z )
dt
( x + y2 )
dz dx dy
2=z 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
2z = 2x + 2 y
dt dt dt
dz dx dy
z= x + y
dt dt dt
dx dy
x +y
dz
= dt dt
dt z
  km   km  
( 3 km )  −50 h  + ( 2 km )  −60 h  
   
=
13 km
−270 km
=
13 h
d  x2 5t − t sin t  ′ 5 ( x 2 ) − ( x 2 ) sin ( x 2 ) 5 (1) − (1) sin (1)

dx  ∫1
=  dt  (x )
2
− (1)′
t 3 + et ( x2 ) + ex (1) + e1
3 3

2
5 x 2 − x 2 sin ( x 2 ) 5 − sin1
= ( 2x) − ( 0)
x6 + e x
2
1+ e
5 x 2 − x 2 sin ( x 2 ) 5 − sin1
= ( 2x) − ( 0)
x6 + e x
2
1+ e
5 x 2 − x 2 sin ( x 2 )
= ( 2x) 2
x6 + e x
147
a. Trig integral.

4
 x dx
keep for
later!

4 2
=

4 6
=

4 6
=
u = sin x
du
= cos x
dx
du
dx =
cos x
du du
∫u − ∫ u 6 cos x
4
= cos x
cos x cos x
du du
= ∫ u 4 cos x − ∫ u 6 cos x
cos x cos x
∫u du − ∫ u 6 du
4
=
u5 u7
= − +C
5 7
sin 5 x sin 7 x
= − +C
5 7
148
b. Substitution.
u = ln x
du 1
=
dx x
dx = x du
x =1 → u =ln1 =0
x = e → u = ln e = 1
e  5 ( ln x )2 3 ( ln x )1/2  1  5u
2
3u1/2 
∫
1

 x
−
x 
∫0  x x  x du
 dx = −
1  5u
2
3u1/2 
=∫  −  x du
0
 x x 
∫ ( 5u − 3u1/2 ) du
1
2
=
0
1
 5u 3 3u 3/2 
=  − 
 3 3/ 2  0
1
 5u 3 
=  − 2u 3/2 
 3 0
 5 (1)3   5 ( 0 )3 
− 2 (1)  −  − 2 ( 0) 
3/2 3/2
=
 3   3 
5 
=  − 2 − 0
3 
1
= −
3
149
2
= u x= dv e 2 x dx
1 2x
=du 2=x dx v e
2
x2 2 x
∫ x e= ∫
2 2x 2x
dx e − xe dx
2 
AGAIN
= u x= dv e 2 x dx
1 2x
=du 1=
dx v e
2
x 2x 1
∫ xe = e − ∫ e 2 x dx
2x
dx
2 2
x 2 x  1  1  2 x
= e −    e
2  2  2 
x 2x 1 2x
= e − e
2 4

x2 2 x
∫ x e= e − ∫ xe 2 x dx
2 2x
dx
2
x2 x 1 
= e2 x −  e2 x − e2 x  + C
2 2 4 
x2 2 x x 2 x 1 2 x
= e − e + e +C
2 2 4
150
 
d  3 2  d x
 4x y + 7 xy 4  =
(e )
 rule rule 
 2 2 3 dy   4 3 dy 
12 x y + 8 x y  +  7 y + 28 xy = ex
 dx   dx 
dy dy
8 x3 y + 28 xy 3 = e x − 12 x 2 y 2 − 7 y 4
dx dx
dy
dx
( 8 x3 y + 28 xy 3 ) = e x − 12 x 2 y 2 − 7 y 4
dy e x − 12 x 2 y 2 − 7 y 4
=
dx 8 x3 y + 28 xy 3
151

f (=
x) ( 32 + 5 x )
1/5
1/5
f ( 0) =
32 + 5 ( 0 )  = 2
1 1
f ′( x) = ( 32 + 5 x ) ( 5 x )′ = ( 32 + 5 x ) ( 5) =+
( 32 5 x )
−4/5 −4/5 −4/5
5 5
−4/5 1
32 + 5 ( 0 )  =
f ′( 0) =
16
L ( x) =f ( a ) + f ′ ( a )( x − a )
=f ( 0 ) + f ′ ( 0 )( x − 0 )
1
2+
= ( x − 0)
16
x
= 2+
16
5
32 + 5 x =5
37
32 + 5 x =37
5=x 37 − 32
5x = 5
x =1

1 33
L (1) =2 + =
16 16
152
7. (2 points) Riemann sum, right-handed.

b − a 1− 0 1
∆x = = = = 0.25
n 4 4
0 1 2 3 4 i
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 x
f(0.25) f(0.5) f(0.75) f(1)
2
f ( 0.25 )
= ≅ 1.882353
1 + 0.252
2
=f ( 0.5 ) = 1.6
1 + 0.52
2
f ( 0.75 ) =
= 1.28
1 + 0.752
2
f (1) =
= 1
1 + 12
n 4
∑ f (=
xi* ) ∆x ∑ f ( x ) ∆x
*
i
=i 1 =i 1
= (1.882353 + 1.6 + 1.28 + 1)( 0.25)

R4 = 1.440588
153
1 2
area = ∫ dx
0 1 + x2
1
= 2arctan x 0
π 
= 2 − 0
4 
π
=
2
154

MAT 1320 Midterm 2 Supplement Solutions F21 FINAL

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MAT 1320 Midterm 2 Supplement Solutions

Multiple Choice (2 points each):

f(3) f(3.5) f(4) f(4.5)

We can then integrate once to solve for f’(x):

We can integrate again to solve for f(x).

can't integrate directly...

Let’s just focus on the substitution part…

Now let’s put it all together!

Long Answer Questions (4 points each):

We are given the following information

This is exciting stuff. A ball is falling down. �

First, let’s calculate y using the Pythagorean theorem:

8. Substitution. But sneakier. �

1 31 Still have x’s after u

Multiple Choice (2 points each):

f(3) f(3.5) f(4) f(4.5)

We can then integrate once to solve for f’(x):

We can integrate again to solve for f(x).

can't integrate directly...

Let’s just focus on the substitution part…

Now let’s put it all together!

Long Answer Questions (4 points each):

We are given the following information

This is exciting stuff. A ball is falling down. �

First, let’s calculate y using the Pythagorean theorem:

8. Substitution. But sneakier. �

1 31 Still have x’s after u

=  2 ( 3) − 2 ln 3 −  2 (1) − 2 ln1

Multiple Choice (2 points each):

f(3) f(3.5) f(4) f(4.5)

We can then integrate once to solve for f’(x):

We can integrate again to solve for f(x).

can't integrate directly...

Let’s just focus on the substitution part…

Now let’s put it all together!

Long Answer Questions (4 points each):

We are given the following information

This is exciting stuff. A ball is falling down. �

First, let’s calculate y using the Pythagorean theorem:

8. Substitution. But sneakier. �

1 21 Still have x’s after u

1. (3 points) Linear approximation.

3. (2 points) Derivative of an integral. Don’t need to simplify? Music to my ears.

5. (6 points) MOAR INTEGRALSSSSS �

c. By parts and substitution. Oh no. Please no.

Then, we can rewrite the integral and solve:

7. (5 points) And trig sub. Oh nooooo.

Now follow this witchcraft…

OK this is stupid… but, let’s keep going.

Subbing all of this into the integral, we get

b. This is now a trig integral.

c. Now we need to rewrite the answer in terms of the original variable.

1. (3 points) Linear approximation.

3. (2 points) Derivative of an integral. Don’t need to simplify? Music to my ears.

5. (6 points) MOAR INTEGRALSSSSS �

c. By parts and substitution. Oh no. Please no.

Then, we can rewrite the integral and solve:

7. (5 points) And trig sub. Oh nooooo.

Now follow this bs…

OK this is stupid… but, let’s keep going.

5. (9 points) INTEGRALSSSSS ��

6. (6 points) MOAR INTEGRALSSSSS ��

7. (6 points) EVEEEEN MOOOOAAAAR INTEGRALSSSSSS ��