JUNE 2010 CXC MATHEMATICS PAPER 2

Section I

1 2
1 -
1. a. (i) Required to calculate: 2 5
2 3
4 ´
5 4
Calculation:
Working with the numerator to get
1 2
1 -
2 5
5-4
=1
10
1 11
= 1 or
10 10

Now, working with the denominator to get

2 3 22 3
4 ´ = ´
5 4 5 4
33
=
10
Hence, the calculation reduces to
1 2 11
1 -
2 5 = 10
2 3 33
4 ´
5 4 10
11 10
= ´
10 33
1
= (exact value)
3

2.89
(ii) Required to calculate: 2.5 2 -
17
Calculation:
The arithmetic is not too difficult but to save valuable time we use the
calculator which is allowable.
2.89
2.52 - = 6.25 - 0.17
17
= 6.08
= 6.1 to 2 significant figures
 b. Data: 150 T-shirts cost $1 920
(i) Required to calculate: The cost of 1 T-shirt
Calculation:
1920
The cost of 1 T-shirt = $
150
= $12.80

(ii) Required to Calculate: The amount for 150 T-shirts @ $ 19.99 each
Calculation:
Cost of 150 T-shirts @ $ 19.99 each = 150 ´ $19.99
= $2 998.50

(iii) Required To calculate: The profit

Calculation:
The sales price exceeds the cost price so there is a profit made.
The profit = Total received from sales – Total cost price
= $2 998.50 - $1 920.00
= $1 078.50

(iv) Required to calculate: The percentage profit

Calculation:
1 078.50
The profit, as a percentage of the cost price = ´ 100%
1 920.00
= 56.2%
= 56% (to the nearest whole no.)

2. a. Data: a = -1, b = 2 and c = -3

(i) Required to calculate: a + b + c
Calculation:
We substitute for the value of a, b and c from the data to get
a + b + c = (- 1) + 2 + (- 3)
= -1 + 2 - 3
= 2-4
= -2

(ii) Required to calculate: b 2 - c 2

Calculation:
We substitute for b and c to get
𝑏" − 𝑐 " = (2)" − (−3)"
=4−9
= −5
b. (i) Required to express: Statement given as an algebraic expression.
Solution:
Seven times the sum of x and y.
The sum of x and y = x + y
Hence, seven times the sum of x and y = 7 ´ ( x + y )
= 7( x + y )

(ii) Required to express: Statement given as an algebraic expression.

Solution:
The product of 2 consecutive (whole) numbers when the smaller is y.
If the smaller number is y, then the next or larger number is y + 1 .
Hence, the product = y ´ ( y + 1)
= y ( y + 1)

c. Data: 2 x + y = 7 and x - 2 y = 1
Required to calculate: x and y
Calculation:
Let
2x + y = 7 …(1)
x - 2y = 1 …(2)
Using the method of substitution
From (1) we obtain y in terms of x
y = 7 - 2x
Substituting this expression into equation (2) to obtain an equation in x only
x - 2(7 - 2 x ) = 1
x - 14 + 4 x = 1
5 x = 15
x=3
Substituting x = 3 y = 7 - 2(3)
=1
\ x = 3 and y = 1

OR
Using the method of elimination
Let
2x + y = 7 …(1)
x - 2y = 1 …(2)
Equation (1) ´ 2
4 x + 2 y = 14 …(3)
Equation (2) + equation (3)
Gives 4 x + 2 y + x – 2 y = 14 + 1
This eliminates y and reduces to 5 x = 15 and x = 3
 Substituting x = 3 into (1)
2(3) + y = 7
y =7-6
y =1
\ x = 3 and y = 1

OR
Using the matrix method
2x + y = 7 …(1)
x - 2y = 1 …(2)
Using the coefficients of x and of y in the given equations we get
æ2 1 ö æ x ö æ7ö
çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷ Matrix equation
è1 - 2ø è y ø è1ø
æ2 1ö
Let A = çç ÷÷ , the 2 x2 matrix from the matrix equation.
è1 - 2ø
We wish to find the inverse of A and multiply the matrix equation by the inverse
of A, denoted by A-1
det A = 2(- 2 ) - 1(1)
= -4 - 1
= -5
1 æ- 2 -1ö
A-1 = - çç ÷
5 è -1 2 ÷ø
1 æ - 2 - 1ö æ 2 1ö æ x ö 1 æ - 2 - 1ö æ 7 ö
- çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷ = - çç ÷ç ÷
5 è -1 2ø è1 - 2 ø è y ø 5 è -1 2 ÷ø çè 1 ÷ø
æ xö 1 æ - 15 ö
çç ÷÷ = - çç ÷
è yø 5 è - 5 ÷ø
æ 3ö
= çç ÷÷
è1ø
Both sides are now 2 x 1 matrices and are equal
So, equating corresponding entries we obtain
\ x = 3 and y = 1
d. Required to factorise: 4 y 2 - z 2 , 2ax - 2ay - bx + by and 3 x 2 + 10 x - 8
Solution:

4 y 2 - z 2 = (2 y ) - ( z )
2 2
(i)

This is re-written in the form of a difference of two squares and which is a

standard form for factorising
And so 4 y 2 - z 2 = (2 y - z )(2 y + z )
 (ii) The four terms are grouped into two groups of two and factoring out the
common term of each group
2ax - 2ay - bx + by = 2a( x - y ) - b( x - y )
Further factoring will give
= ( x - y )(2a - b )

(iii) 3 x 2 + 10 x - 8 = (3 x - 2 )( x + 4 )

3. a. Data: Survey on 40 tourists regarding who visited Antigua and/or Barbados.

(i) Required to complete: Venn diagram given to represent the information
given.
Solution:

(ii) Required to find: An expression for the total number of tourists.

Solution:
The total number of tourists is the sum of the numbers of each of the
subsets of the Universal set.
= (28 - 3 x ) + 3 x + (30 - 3 x ) + x
= 28 - 3 x + 3 x + 30 - 3 x + x
= 58 - 2 x

(iii) Required to calculate: x

Calculation:
58 - 2 x = 40 (data)
2 x = 18
x=9

b. Data: Diagram of a prism.

(i) Required to calculate: The length of EF
Calculation:
 F is the midpoint of EC (data)
6
\ EF =
2
= 3 cm

(ii) Required to calculate: Length of DF.

Calculation:
The straight line drawn from D to the midpoint of EC is perpendicular to
EC. DEˆ F is a right angle.

Applying Pythagoras’
theorem to triangle DEF,

𝐸𝐹 " + 𝐷𝐹 " = 𝐷𝐸 "

∴ 𝐷𝐹 = 2𝐷𝐸 " − 𝐸𝐹 "
= 2(5)" − (3)"
= 4 cm

(iii) Required to calculate: Area of the face ABCDE.

Calculation:
 6´ 4
The area of DDEC = = 12 cm 2
2

The area of rectangle ABCE = 6 ´ 5 = 30 cm 2

Hence, the area of the entire face ABCDE = 12 + 30 = 42 cm 2

4. a. Data: y = kx 2 and y = 50 when x = 10 .

(i) Required to calculate: k
Calculation:
y = 50 when x = 10 (data)
Substituting gives
\ 50 = k (10 )
2

50
k=
100
1
=
2

(ii) Required to calculate: y when x = 30 .

Calculation:
1
y = x2
2
When
x = 30
1
y= (30)2
2
= 450

b. (i) Required to construct: Triangle EFG, in which, EG = 6 cm,

FEˆ G = 60° and EGˆ F = 90°
Solution: We cut off EG = 6 cm from a line drawn longer than 6 cm
At E we construct an angle of 600 and at G we construct an
angle of 900. These construction lines are produced, if
necessary, meet at F.
 (ii) (a) Required to find: Length of EF.
Solution:
EF = 12.0 cm (by measurement using a ruler)

(b) Required to find: EFˆG

Solution:
EFˆG = 30° (by measurement using a protractor)

5. a. Data: f ( x ) = 2 x - 5 and g ( x ) = x 2 + 3
(i) (a) Required to calculate: f (4 )
Calculation:
Substitute x = 4 to get
f (4 ) = 2(4 ) - 5
=8-5
=3
 (b) Required to calculate: gf (4 )
Calculation:
Since f (4 ) = 3 , from (i) (a) then
gf (4 ) = g (3)
= (3) + 3
2

=9+3
= 12
OR
We could have found the composite function g f (x) and g f (4) to
give the same result.
(ii) Required to calculate: f -1 ( x )
Calculation:
Let
y = 2x - 5
y + 5 = 2x
y+5
=x
2
Interchanging x and y to obtain
x+5
f -1 ( x ) =
2

b. Data: Diagram of the quadratic x 2 + 2 x - 3 drawn on the x – y plane.

(i) Required to find: Scale used on the x – axis.
Solution:
On the x – axis, the scale used is 2 cm º 1 unit or 1 cm º 0.5 unit

(ii) Required to find: y when x = -1.5

Solution:

When x = -1.5 , y = -3.8 (obtained by a read off)

 (iii) Required to find: x when y = 0
Solution:

When y = 0 , x = -3 or 1 the points where the curve cuts the horizontal

axis (read off)

(iv) Required to find: The range of y for which - 4 £ x £ 2 .

Solution:

For - 4 £ x £ 2 , - 4 £ y £ 5 is of the form a £ y £ b , where a = -4 Î Â

and b = 5 Î Â . This is illustrated on the diagram shown above.

6. a. Data: Diagram as shown below.

 (i) Required to calculate: x
Calculation:
x = 54°
(Alternate angles to angle PVW)

(ii) Required to calculate: y

Calculation:
y + 115° = 180°
\ y = 65°
(When parallel lines are cut by a transversal, co-interior angles are
supplementary).

b. Data: Diagram showing, DLMN and its image DL¢M ¢N ¢ after undergoing a
rotation.
(i) Required to describe: The transformation fully by stating the center, and
direction of rotation.
Solution:
To find the center of rotation, choose two pairs of object-image points,
say, M and M ¢ and N and N ¢ . Construct the perpendicular bisectors of
MM ¢ and NN ¢ . Extend both bisectors so as to meet. Since both meet at
O, O is the center of rotation. It is unnecessary to have repeated the
process with a third bisector as all these perpendicular bisectors are
concurrent.
 To find the angle of rotation, choose any pair of object and image points,
say, N and N ¢ . Join each point to the centre of rotation to form the angle
NON´. This is the angle of rotation.

By measurement, NOˆ N = 90°

Therefore, the angle of rotation is 90°.
The rotation from ON to O N ¢ is anti-clockwise.
DLMN ¾ ¾® DL¢M ¢N ¢ by a rotation of 90° about O in an anti-clockwise
direction.

(ii) Required to state: Two geometrical relationships between DLMN and

DL¢M ¢N ¢ .
Solution:
DLMN ¾ ¾® DL¢M ¢N ¢ by a rotation which is a congruent transformation.

DLMN º DL¢M ¢N ¢ (all corresponding sides AND all corresponding angles

of the object are the same as that of the image).

(iii) Required to calculate: Coordinates of L after it undergoes a translation of

æ 1ö
çç ÷÷ .
è - 2ø
Calculation:
 æ 1ö
T = çç ÷÷
è -2 ø
¾® L¢
L ¾¾ ¾
æ 1ö
æ 1 ö T = ççè -2 ÷÷ø æ 1+1 ö
çç ÷÷ ¾¾ ¾ ¾®çç ÷
è 3ø è 3 + (- 2 )÷ø

æ 1+1 ö æ 2ö
The image is çç ÷=ç ÷
è 3 + (- 2 )÷ø çè 1 ÷ø
Therefore, the coordinates of the image of L is (2, 1).

7. Data: Records of the distance that a ball was thrown by 24 students.

a. Required To Complete: Frequency table for the data given.
Solution:
This is a continuous variable
LCL-Lower class limit
UCL-Upper class limit
LCB-lower class boundary
UCB-upper class boundary

Distance in m L.C.B. U.C.B. Frequency, f

L.C.L- U.C.L
20 – 29 19.5 £ x < 29.5 3
30 – 39 29.5 £ x < 39.5 5
40 – 49 39.5 £ x < 49.5 8
50 – 59 49.5 £ x < 59.5 6
60 – 69 59.5 £ x < 69.5 2
å f = 24

b. Required to state: Lower boundary for the class interval 20 – 29.

Solution:
In the class interval 20 – 29, the lower class limit is 20 but the lower class
boundary is 19.5 as illustrated on the modified table

c. Required to draw: Histogram to illustrate the data given.

Solution:
 d. (i) Required to find: The number of students who threw the ball 50 metres
or more.
Solution:
The number of students who threw the ball 50 m or more = 6 + 2 = 8

(ii) Required to find: The probability that a randomly chosen student threw
the ball 50 metres or more.
Solution:

No. of students who threw the ball ³ 50 m

P ( Student threw the ball ³ 50 m ) =
Total no. of students
2+6
=
24
8
=
24
1
=
3

8. Data: Sequence of diagrams made up of squares of side 1 cm.

a. Required to draw: The 4th figure in the sequence.
Solution:
b. Required to complete: Table given.
Solution:
The area of the figure is the square of the number of the figure
The perimeter of the figure is obtained by calculating the figure number times six
then subtracting 2.

Figure Area of figure, cm2 Perimeter of figure, cm

1 1 1´ 6 - 2 = 4
2 4 2 ´ 6 - 2 = 10
3 9 3 ´ 6 - 2 = 16
4 4 2 = 16 4 ´ 6 - 2 = 22

5 5 2 = 25 5 ´ 6 - 2 = 28

15 15 2 = 225 15 ´ 6 - 2 = 88

n n2 n ´ 6 - 2 = 6n - 2
 Section II

9. a. Data: Speed – time graph of an athlete during a race.

(i) (a) Required to find: Maximum speed.
Solution:

The maximum speed is 12 ms-1 (obtained by a read off).

(b) Required to find: Number of seconds for which the speed is

constant.
Solution:

The speed was constant for (10 - 6 ) = 4 seconds. This is shown by

the branch which is a horizontal line
(acceleration is the gradient = 0)

(c) Required to find: Total distance covered during the race.

Solution:
 The total distance covered by the athlete is found by calculating
the area under the graph. This region is a trapezium
1
Therefore the total distance covered = (4 + 13)12
2
17 ´ 12
=
2
= 102 m

(ii) (a) Required to find: Time period during which the speed of the
athlete is increasing.
Solution:
The athlete’s speed was increasing from t = 0 to t = 6 , i.e a period
of 6 seconds, as illustrated by the ‘branch’ of the graph with the
positive gradient.

(b) Required to find: Time period during which the speed of the
athlete is decreasing.
Solution:
The athlete’s speed was decreasing from the period t = 10 to t = 13
, a period of 3 seconds, as shown by the ‘branch’ of the graph with
the negative gradient.

(c) Required to find: Time period during which the athlete’s

acceleration is 0.
Solution:
Acceleration = 0 means that velocity is horizontal.
Acceleration = 0 from t = 6 to t = 10 , a period of 4 seconds as
illustrated on the graph by the ‘branch’ that is horizontal.

b. Data: Farmer supplies x pumpkins and y melons to neighbours.

(i) Required to find: Inequality to represent the third condition.
Solution:
 The total number of pumpkins and melons must NOT exceed 12.
‘Not greater’ means ‘less than or equal to’.
Hence,
x + y £ 12

(ii) Required to draw: The graphs of the line associated with the three
inequalities.
Solution:
The line y = 3 is a horizontal line.
The region which satisfies y ³ 3 is the region above the line

Obtaining 2 points on the line y = x .

x y
0 0
12 12

A horizontal is drawn through the line.

The side with the smaller or acute angle represents the £ region.

The region which satisfies y £ x is shown shaded

Obtaining 2 points on the line x + y = 12

x y
0 12
12 0

The side with the smaller or acute angle represents the £ region.

The region which satisfies x + y £ 12 is shown shaded

The feasible region is represented by the area in which all three shaded
regions overlap.
 (iv) Required To Find: Minimum values of x and y.
Solution:
The region ABC as shown on the graph is the feasible region. Hence, the
minimum x and y that satisfies the inequalities is at x = 3 and y = 3 , at
point , A.

10. a. Data: Diagram as shown below.

 (i) Required to calculate: PTˆR
Calculation:
PTˆR = 46°
(The angle made by a tangent PQ to a circle and a chord, PR, at the point
of contact, R, is equal to the angle in the alternate segment).

(ii) Required to calculate: TPˆ R

Calculation:
TPˆ R = 180° - (46° + 46° + 32°)
= 56°
(The sum of the angles in a triangle = 180°).

(iii) Required to calculate: TSˆR

Calculation:
TSˆR = 180° - 56°
= 124°
(The opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral PRST are supplementary).

b. Data: Diagram of a flag pole on a horizontal plane.

(i) Required to calculate: Height FT of the flag pole.
Calculation:

The triangle TFG is right-angled. So,

FT
tan 55° =
6
FT = 6 tan 55°
= 8.568
= 8.57 m ( to 3sig.fig)
(ii) Required to calculate: The length of EG.
Calculation:

In triangle EFG, we have two sides and the included angle

Using the cosine rule:
EG 2 = ( 8 ) + ( 6 ) - 2 ( 8 )( 6 ) cos120° (cos ine law)
2 2

æ 1ö
= 64 + 36 - 96 ç - ÷
è 2ø
= 148
EG = 12.16
= 12.2 m ( to 3 sig.fig)

(iii) Required to calculate: The angle of elevation T from E.

Calculation:

Triangle EFT is a right angled triangle.

æ 8.569 ö
Angle of elevation T from E is shown as α = tan -1 ç
è 8 ÷ø
= 46.96°
= 47.0°(to 3 sig. fig.)
 æ1 2ö æ 5 - 2ö
11. a. Data: A = çç ÷÷ and B = çç ÷.
è 2 5ø è- 2 1 ÷ø
(i) Required to calculate: AB .
Calculation:
We check for the conformability of the matrices under multiplication
æ1 2ö æ 5 - 2ö
AB = çç ÷÷ çç ÷
è 2 5ø è - 2 1 ÷ø
æ (1 ´ 5) + (2 ´ -2 ) (1 ´ -2 ) + (2 ´ 1) ö
= çç ÷÷
è (2 ´ 5) + (5 ´ -2 ) (2 ´ -1) + (5 ´ 1)ø
æ 5 - 4 - 2 + 2ö
= çç ÷÷
è10 - 10 - 4 + 5 ø
æ1 0ö
= çç ÷÷
è0 1ø

(ii) Required to calculate: B -1

Calculation:

First we find the determinant of B

det B = (5 ´ 1) - (- 2 ´ -2 )
=5-4
=1
1æ 1 - (- 2 )ö
\ B -1 = çç ÷
1 è - (- 2 ) 5 ÷ø
æ1 2ö
= çç ÷÷
è 2 5ø

æ 5 - 2ö æ x ö æ 2ö
(iii) Data: çç ÷ç ÷ = ç ÷
è- 2 1 ÷ø çè y ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø
æ xö
Required to express: çç ÷÷ as a product of 2 matrices.
è yø
Solution:
Multiplying by B -1
A matrix multiplied by its inverse is the identity matrix and the identity
matrix multiplied by any matrix is the same matrix.
æ1 2ö æ 5 - 2ö æ1 2ö æ 2ö
çç ÷÷ çç ÷=ç ÷ç ÷
è 2 5ø è - 2 1 ÷ø çè 2 5 ÷ø çè 3 ÷ø
æ x ö æ1 2ö æ 2ö
çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷
è y ø è 2 5ø è 3ø
 (iv) Required to calculate: x and y
Calculation:
æ x ö æ1 2ö æ 2ö
çç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷
è y ø è 2 5ø è 3ø
æ (1 ´ 2 ) + (2 ´ 3) ö
= çç ÷÷
è (2 ´ 2 ) + (5 ´ 3)ø
æ 2+6 ö
= çç ÷÷
è 4 + 15 ø
æ 8ö
= çç ÷÷
è19 ø
Both sides are 2 x 1 matrices and are equal. So, equating corresponding
Entries we get
\ x = 8 and y = 19 .

b. Data: Diagram showing DJKL .

(i) Required to draw: Diagram given showing M and N.
Solution:

(ii) (a) Required to express: JK in terms of u and v.

Solution:
JM = u
MK = 2u
JK = 3u
Similarly
JN = v
NL = 2v
JL = 3v
 (b) Required to express: MN in terms of u and v.
Solution:
Using the vector triangle law
MN = MJ + JN
= -u + v

(c) Required To Express: KL in terms of u and v.

Solution:
Using the vector triangle law
KL = KJ + JL
= -3u + 3v
= 3(- u + v )

(iii) Required to find: Two geometrical relationships between KL and MN .

Solution:
KL = 3 ´ MN , that is a scalar multiple. Hence, KL is parallel to MN , so
KL = 3 MN , that is the length of KL is 3 times the length of MN .